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  • Animals  (1.503)
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  • Organic Chemistry
  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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  • Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht  (31)
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  • 1
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Ancient Rome has always been considered a compendium of City and World. In the Renaissance, an era of epistemic fractures, when the clash between the 'new science' (Copernicus, Galileo, Vesalius, Bacon, etcetera) and the authority of ancient texts produced the very notion of modernity, the extended and expanding geography of ancient Rome becomes, for Shakespeare and the Elizabethans, a privileged arena in which to question the nature of bodies and the place they hold in a changing order of the universe. Drawing on the rich scenario provided by Shakespeare's Rome, and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, the authors of this volume address the way in which the different bodies of the earthly and heavenly spheres are re-mapped in Shakespeare's time and in early modern European culture. More precisely, they investigate the way bodies are fashioned to suit or deconstruct a culturally articulated system of analogies between earth and heaven, microcosm and macrocosm. As a whole, this collection brings to the fore a wide range of issues connected to the Renaissance re-mapping of the world and the human. It should interest not only Shakespeare scholars but all those working on the interaction between sciences and humanities.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Renaissance ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Öffentlich ausgetragene Debatten gehören zu den Grundmerkmalen moderner Gesellschaften. Eine entwickelte »demokratische Streitkultur« gilt mithin geradezu als Voraussetzung für das Funktionieren einer Demokratie. Die dieser Wahrnehmung oft implizit zu Grunde liegende These vom »Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit« ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten von Seiten der Geschichtswissenschaft verschiedentlich relativiert worden.Was hatten diese unterschiedlichen Formen des öffentlich ausgetragenen Streits gemeinsam? Inwieweit prägten und strukturierten sie die jeweilige(n) historische(n) Öffentlichkeit(en)? Wie wurde das Phänomen des Streits von den Zeitgenossen jeweils wahrgenommen und bewertet? Lassen sich diesbezüglich signifikante Unterschiede zur Zeit der frühen Reformation oder der Frühaufklärung konstatieren? Gab es so etwas wie eine spezifische Streitkultur des konfessionellen Zeitalters?
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Österreich-Ungarn lässt sich nur verstehen, wenn nationale Lebenswelten mit politischen, militärischen, wirtschaftlichen und künstlerischen Beispielen der imperialen Herrschaft verglichen werden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren verbinden theoretische Überlegungen zu Österreich-Ungarn als Imperium bzw. Kolonialmacht mit der Analyse konkreter Beispiele der imperialen Herrschaftspraxis. Ein besonderer Fokus gilt dabei Städten als Laboratorien gebauter, intellektueller und gesellschaftlicher Diskurse über imperiale und koloniale Vorstellungen. Der vorliegende Band präsentiert damit Antworten auf die Frage, wie ein Imperium überhaupt mit den andauernden Herausforderungen von innen und außen umgehen und seine eigene Existenz sichern kann. The book combines theoretical reflections on Austria-Hungary as an empire and colonial power with the analysis of concrete political, military, economic and artistic examples of imperial rule, which come to fore in particular by comparison. A special focus is on cities as laboratories of built, intellectual and social discourses on imperial and colonial ideas. This volume presents answers to the question of how an empire can handle the ongoing challenges from inside and outside and secure its own existence.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Austria & Hungary ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 4
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Kastratensänger standen bislang vor allem im Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses der Musik- und Theaterwissenschaften. Dabei wurden vor allem ihr Wirken auf den Bühnen des italienischen Musiktheaters des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts oder die Rezeption der hohen Männerstimme auf das barocke Publikum beleuchtet. Die vorliegende geschichtswissenschaftliche Studie konzentriert sich hingegen auf die Personen als soziale Akteure in der Spätphase dieses Phänomens im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert, wobei exemplarisch vier mitteleuropäische Fürstenhöfe (Wien, München, Dresden, Stuttgart) in den Blick genommen werden.In detaillierten Analysen der Lebenswelten des Hofes und der Residenzstadt fächert die Autorin auf, welchen hohen Stellenwert Kastratensänger innerhalb der höfischen Machtrepräsentation bis zum Schluss besaßen, wie sie sich innerhalb höfischer Anstellungsstrukturen immer wieder erneut positionierten, mit den Bewohnern der Residenzstädte interagierten und welche wichtigen Rollen sie gegenüber Familienangehörigen einnahmen.Insbesondere durch die Untersuchung des individuellen Umgangs mit dem vermeintlichen körperlichen Defizit kann sie zeigen, dass die Annahme, Kastraten seien in der Endphase ihres Bestehens grundsätzlich als defizitäre »verstümmelte Körper« wahrgenommen worden, revidiert werden muss. Auf diese Weise leistet die Autorin einen innovativen Beitrag zur Kultur- und Geschlechtergeschichte am Übergang von der Frühen Neuzeit ins 19. Jahrhundert.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Neue Techniken zur Informationsübermittlung befördern den Informationsaustausch. Das ist eine für das 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ganz selbstverständliche Feststellung. Genauso selbstverständlich gilt sie aber auch für das 16. Jahrhundert und die Frühe Neuzeit insgesamt. Ein allseits bekanntes Beispiel dafür ist die Verbesserung der Techniken des Buchdrucks durch die Verwendung beweglicher Lettern. Dies führte dazu, dass neue Medien entstanden und sich dauerhaft etablierten, wie z.B. die Flugschrift und die „Neue Zeitung“. Andere bereits bekannte Genera wie Lieder und Predigten erhielten durch die veränderte Kommunikationssituation eine neue Bedeutung in den Auseinandersetzungen der Zeit. Daraus ergaben sich vielfältige Chancen und Heraus­forderungen, denn die Nutzung dieser neuen Medien wie die Transformation bestehender Medienformate und deren flächendeckende Verwendung setzte politische, soziale, juristische und religiöse Veränderungsprozesse in Gang bzw. beförderte sie.Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes möchten diese neuen Kommunikationsformen und -methoden ebenso wie die Veränderungsprozesse für das 16. Jahrhundert ausleuchten. Dies geschieht, indem Wandlungs- und Transformationsprozesse durch die Nutzung bekannter sowie die Schaffung neuer Medienformate, der Umgang mit Meinungsvielfalt und der damit einhergehenden Pluralität an Deutungen des Zeitgeschehens sowie die Entstehung einer neuen Streitkultur und neue Ordnungsversuche analysiert werden.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 6
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Diese Arbeit stellt die nationalen Rotkreuzgesellschaften Polens und der Tschechoslowakei als Beispiele für Selbstorganisation im sozialistischen Staat vor. Als Teil der internationalen Rotkreuzbewegung unterschieden sich das Polnische Rote Kreuz (Polski Czerwony Krzyż, PCK) und das Tschechoslowakische Rote Kreuz (Československý Ċervený kříž, ČSČK) von anderen verstaatlichten Massenorganisationen. Sie verknüpften sozialistische Ideologie und humanitäre Prinzipien zu einem »socialist humanitarianism«. Maren Hachmeister untersucht die Arbeit des polnischen und des tschechoslowakischen Roten Kreuzes zwischen 1945 und 1989 insbesondere für die Themen- und Tätigkeitsfelder Suchdienste, Blutspende, Jugend und Eliten. Der historische Vergleich zeigt dabei auf, wann, wo und wie zivilgesellschaftliche Selbstorganisationen für beide Organisationen unter den Vorzeichen des Staatssozialismus möglich war.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Poland ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Übersetzungen sind das Bindemittel zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation. Durch sie wird Wissen vermittelt und politische, kulturelle Prozesse sogar komplexer moderner Gesellschaften geregelt. Dieser Band stellt die vielfältigen Übersetzungsleistungen im frühneuzeitlichen Umgang mit Frieden vor. Friedensverträge wurden übersetzt, ediert und gedeutet, die Ansprüche der Vertragspartner moderiert. Gerade in »zwischenstaatlichen« Friedensprozessen mussten differente politische und rechtliche Positionen in unterschiedlichen Sprachen präsentiert werden. Systematisch untersucht der Sammelband das Ringen um die Sprache, die kommunikativen Hintergründe vormoderner Friedensprozesse sowie den wissenschaftlichen, literarischen und medialen Umgang mit Frieden und frühneuzeitlichen Friedensverträgen.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Der zweisprachige Sammelband vereinigt zum Teil bahnbrechende Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Forschungstagung, deren Beiträge sozial-, wirtschafts-, kultur- und kirchengeschichtliche Aspekte der Frühneuzeit im Karpatenbogen aufgreifen. Basierend auf vielfach erstmals ausgewerteten Quellen bearbeiten die Beiträge aktuelle Fragestellungen und Forschungshorizonte zur Interdependenz von sozialen, ökonomischen, kulturellen und religiösen Phänomenen im Karpatenbogen der Frühen Neuzeit, in dem die Osmanen der international dominante politische Faktor wurden. Transformationsprozesse wurden angestoßen durch Bevölkerungs- und Militärbewegungen, ökonomische, politische und religiös-mentale Umwälzungen, die zwischen opportunistischer Anpassung und rebellierendem Widerstand oszillierten und entsprechende politische Maßnahmen und Gegenreaktionen hervorriefen. Dabei wird die bislang geltende Forschungsmeinung zur Toleranzgeschichte Siebenbürgens in Frage gestellt und völlig neu bewertet.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: This book compares state responses to Muslim and humanist burial needs in three European countries. Such accommodation is typically understood in terms of national models. Van den Breemer, however, shows that policy responses in fact follow distinctive types of logic between the various levels of governance, and that material solutions matter as well. While indeed large legal and discursive national differences between states remain, in praxis they do the same. In a departure from this major finding, the book outlines a methodologically more coherent research agenda for the comparative study of religion, secularism, society, and state.
    Schlagwort(e): cemeteries ; state church history ; secularism ; discursive institutionalism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Im Sommer 1914 schickte der russische Agrarwissenschaftler und Bodenkundler Konstantin Glinka ein Manuskript nach Berlin. Es enthielt die erste an eine ausländische Leserschaft gerichtete Darstellung der russischen Bodenkunde, einer frühökologischen Lehre vom Boden, die auf der Erforschung der Schwarzerde fußte. Dies war der Beginn einer Erfolgsgeschichte: Die russische Bodenkunde reüssierte in der Zwischenkriegszeit in Europa und den USA. Nach 1945 wurde sie zu einem Klassiker der modernen Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaften.Jan Arend erzählt die Geschichte eines Wissenstransfers von Ost nach West. Er folgt Wissenschaftlern, Manuskripten und Begriffen – von den Schwarzerde-Provinzen des Russischen Reichs über die Podien internationaler Konferenzen bis in die Kabinette von amerikanischen Agrarplanern und Bodenschätzern in NS-Deutschland. Das Buch führt dabei in anschaulicher Weise vor Augen, wie sich Wissen in Form und Inhalt transformiert, wenn es übersetzt, vermittelt und in neue politis
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Osteuropäische Geschichte ; 19./20. Jahrhundert ; Transnationale Geschichte ; Russland ; Ehemalige Sowjetunion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 11
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Die Frage, ob, wann und wie die internationale Gemeinschaft auf Verletzungen humanitärer Normen und damit verbundene humanitäre Krisen reagieren soll, gehört zweifellos zu den vieldiskutierten Themen auf der Agenda der heutigen internationalen Politik. Allerdings tauchte diese Problematik nicht erst am Ende des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts plötzlich aus dem Nichts auf, sondern bereits im Verlauf des »langen 19. Jahrhunderts« setzte man sich kontrovers mit dieser Problematik auseinander. Anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele wie dem Kampf gegen den Sklavenhandel (1807–1890), den Militärinterventionen der europäischen Großmächte zur humanitären Nothilfe für christliche Minderheiten im Osmanischen Reich (1827–1878) oder dem Eingreifen der Vereinigten Staaten in den kubanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1898) untersucht Fabian Klose die militärische Praktik und die völkerrechtlichen Debatten zum Schutz humanitärer Normen gewaltsam einzugreifen.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Globalgeschichte ; Menschenrechte ; Transnationale Geschichte ; 18. Jahrhundert ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Politikwissenschaft ; Menschenrechte ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 12
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Das Mediensystem der politischen Publizistik im frühmodernen Deutschland war keineswegs eine obrigkeitliche Stiftung, sondern entwickelte sich in wechselseitiger Beziehung zu politischen Entwicklungsprozessen zu zunehmender Selbständigkeit. Dabei profitierte es davon, stets auf eigene, am Markt gewonnene Finanzmittel zurückgreifen zu können und von staatlichen Transferleistungen weitgehend unabhängig zu sein. Verleger und Redakteure nahmen das »Agenda-Setting« nach eigenen Kriterien vor, eher vom Nachrichtenwert als von staatlichen Sprachregelungen geleitet. Die Leserschaft bestand zunächst aus der höfischen Machtelite und den werdenden und arrivierten Gelehrten, reichte jedoch schon im 17. Jahrhundert darüber hinaus, wobei die Rezeption durch die Ungelehrten das gesamte 18. Jahrhundert hindurch anwuchs.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 13
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird im politisch-gesellschaftlichen Kontext der eigentlich religiös konnotierte Begriff „Versöhnung“ immer häufiger zur Beschreibung von Konfliktlösungsstrategien benutzt. Doch was bedeutet Versöhnung bezogen auf Politik und Gesellschaft? Welche Faktoren sind relevant für Versöhnungsprozesse? Womit lassen sich Erfolge, aber auch Hindernisse und Rückschläge auf dem Weg der Versöhnung erklären? In dem vorliegenden Band gehen internationale Forscherinnen und Forscher aus Geschichtswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Theologie diesen Fragen nach. In ihren Beiträgen wird Versöhnung auf zwei Ebenen reflektiert. Auf der ersten Ebene handelt es sich um übergreifende Analysen von Faktoren, die Versöhnungsprozesse beeinflussen. Auf der zweiten Ebene werden bestimmte Aspekte von Versöhnungsprozessen an einschlägigen Fallbeispielen aus dem Kontext des deutsch-französischen und russisch-finnischen Verhältnisses, des ehemaligen Jugoslawiens, Süd- und Nordkorea, der DDR und Südafrika veranschaulicht.Alle Beiträge machen deutlich, dass, obwohl unterschiedlichen Versöhnungsprozessen bestimmte Elemente gemeinsam sind, Versöhnung als ein sich dynamisch wandelnder, immer kontextgebundener Aushandlungsprozess erscheint, der multilateral von Akteuren aus Kirchen, Politik und Gesellschaft getragen wird.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 14
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: The fate of cultural property extracted during the Nazi era has increasingly been the subject of provenance research since the 1990s. This volume combines the latest findings of provenance research in libraries and provides contributions to the history of the library during the Nazi era. Provenance research is almost only reported in the media when it concerns valuable works of art. For books, it is relatively difficult: it is mostly about mass-produced goods without great material value and the books have often reached their locations after hard-to-find odysseys. Nevertheless, more and more libraries deal with their Nazi past. Library historian Jürgen Babendreier puts it in a nutshell: "In the robbed books, history comes to life, invisible remembrance continues, historical responsibility becomes present."
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 15
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Die historische Forschung zur frühneuzeitlichen jüdischen Fürsprache, die für die Existenz aschkenasischer Gemeinden von herausragender Bedeutung war, beruht bislang häufig auf christlichen Quellen. Die Gemeindeprotokollbücher (hebr. pinkasim) blieben dagegen weitgehend unberücksichtigt. Dabei dokumentieren viele von ihnen ausführlich die diplomatischen Kontakte der Gemeindevorsteher oder der von ihnen ernannten Fürsprecher zu obrigkeitlichen Behörden und Herrschern auf lokaler wie landesweiter Ebene. Die hier erstmals edierten 107 Einträge aus pinkasim von Gemeinden in den Niederlanden, Deutschland, Österreich, Tschechien, Polen und Russland bieten einen repräsentativen Überblick über das Agieren frühneuzeitlicher aschkenasischer Fürsprecher sowie über ihre Handlungsspielräume innerhalb des restriktiven Rechtsrahmens. Die Dokumente werden in ihrer meist hebräischen oder jiddischen Originalsprache mit kommentierten deutschen Übersetzungen sowie ausführlichen Einleitungen präsentiert.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Jewish ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 16
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: This collection explores how Christian individuals and institutions combined the topics of faith and national identity in twentieth-century Europe. “National identity” is understood in a broad sense that includes discourses of citizenship, narratives of cultural or linguistic belonging, or “national” characteristics. It considers various geographical contexts, and takes into account processes of cross-national exchange and transfer. It shows how national and denominational identities were often mutually constitutive, at times leading to a strongly exclusionary stance against “other” national or religious groups. In different circumstances, religiously minded thinkers critiqued nationalism, emphasising the universalist strains of their faith, with varying degrees of success. Throughout the century church officials and lay Christians have had to come to terms with the relationship between their national and “European” identities within the processes of Europeanisation.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Christianity ; history of religion ; nationalism ; 20th-century ; Europe ; Catholic Church ; Martin Niemöller ; Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 17
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Die nordwestdeutschen Fürstbischöfe (Köln, Münster, Osnabrück, Paderborn und Hildesheim) bewegten sich in einem komplexen Bedingungsgefüge zwischen landesherrlicher Stellung, reichsfürstlicher Position, geistlichem Amt und der Familie. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Bischöfe ihr geistliches Amt durchaus ernst nahmen und persönlich weihten, firmten oder ihr Bistum visitierten. Deutlich wird aber auch, wo die Grenzen der persönlichen Ausübung des bischöflichen Amtes lagen und welche Konstellationen die persönliche Amtsausübung begünstigten und welche sie eher behinderten. Damit wird die bisherige Annahme, die geistlichen Fürsten überließen ihre geistlichen Aufgaben vollständig ihren Weihbischöfen und konzentrierten sich allein auf ihre fürstliche Stellung, überwunden. Bettina Braun untersucht erstmals systematisch und vergleichend zentrale Bereiche des fürstbischöflichen Handelns, ohne deren Kenntnis man den Fürstbischöfen in der Endphase des Alten Reichs nicht gerecht werden kann.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 18
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Sport was an integral part of life in camps during the twentieth century, even in Nazi concentrations camps or in the Soviet Gulag. Traditionally perceived as a symbol of equality, play, and peacefulness, sport under such unexpected circumstances irritates most observers, back then and today. This volume studies the irritating fact of sport in penal and internment camps as an important insight into the history of camps. The authors enquire into case studies of sport being played in different forms of camps around the globe and throughout the twentieth century. They challenge our understanding of camps, question the dichotomy of insiders and outsiders, inner-camp hierarchies, and the everyday experience of violence. This fresh perspective complements the existing camp studies and gives way for the subjectivity of camp inmates and their action.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; National Socialism ; Sports ; Concentration Camps ; Humanities ; History ; Sports and Outdoor Recreation ; HIS043000 ; HIS022000 ; Holocaust ; Jewish ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTZ Genocide and ethnic cleansing::NHTZ1 The Holocaust ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 19
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: How did the Greeks respond to the experiences of uncertainty that they so acutely made in the aftermath of Alexander the Great's world-changing conquest of the Persian Empire? How were old values upheld and reshaped? And how did the societies of Greek cities and royal courts accommodate the overwhelming newfound power of Greek individuals? By developing a custom methodology, this book tries to shed new light on the complex textuality of the period of the Diadochi, the successors of Alexander. In four case studies, new readings are presented of Theophrastus Characters and Xenophon's Cyropaedia, but also of the substantial early Hellenistic anecdotal material, as well as the Colossus of Rhodes. The studies are united by an interest in how these texts cast the relationships between individuals and how they constructed various media of interrelation, such as money, friendship, women and the divine. Reading these texts on these terms reveals how values were renegotiated through paradoxes and inverted stories that subtly reshaped the utopias of the 4th century BCE. Overall, the study's hypothesis is that this particular brand of social storytelling contributed to the stabilisation of the nascent Hellenistic world by providing new visions of society capable of accommodating individual power and offering a new sense of control and place.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Renaissance ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 20
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Das Buch untersucht Religion auf dem Balkan am Beispiel serbisch-orthodoxer Gemeinschaften in der Herzegowina – in einer überwiegend gebirgigen, ländlichen und religiös vielfältigen Region. Hier lebte man religiösen Glauben im 19. Jahrhundert vor allem in den Familien. Geistliche und die Kirchenorganisation spielten nur eine untergeordnete, nicht selten ungeliebte Rolle. Erst die gesellschaftlichen Modernisierungen ab der zweiten Hälfte des Jahrhunderts, vor allem durch die habsburgische Verwaltung ab 1878, formten Religion zu einem von kirchlichen Institutionen geprägten und konfessionell klar abgegrenzten Gesellschaftssystem. Dadurch gerieten zum einen die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Glaubensgemeinschaft in Bewegung und wurden teils heftig ausgetragen – zwischen Laien, Geistlichen, der Kirchenleitung und dem Staat. Zum anderen veränderten sich aber auch die interreligiösen Beziehungen und wurden stärker normiert und seltener situativ ausgehandelt.Religion war von grundlegender Bedeutung für imperiale Herrschaft, nicht zuletzt als Gegengewicht zu nationalen Bestrebungen. Im Falle der Serben wirkte dabei imperial geregelte Religion über ihre Organisationen und ihre Geistlichen fördernd für die Nationalbewegung. Habsburg reagierte daher seit Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs mit harter Repression gegen serbisch-orthodoxe Priester, kirchliche Laien und Kircheninstitutionen. Für die häufige Verschmelzung von Religion und Nation spielten in Südosteuropa gerade die großen Reiche eine entscheidende Rolle.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; General ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 21
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Die Bevölkerungsgröße wurde erst im Laufe der Frühen Neuzeit zu einem Thema der Politik. Politische Theoretiker in Deutschland übernahmen um 1600 die in Italien entwickelte Vorstellung, der Staat müsse sich um die Bevölkerungsentwicklung kümmern. Die Forderung nach einer expansiven Bevölkerungspolitik kam somit schon vor den Verwüstungen des Dreißigjährigen Krieges auf. Diese zuerst in gelehrten Werken vertretene Idee setzte sich im Laufe des 17. Jahrhunderts immer mehr durch und wurde zu einem Kernbestand des Kameralismus. Daraus entwickelte sich schließlich der Populationismus des 18. Jahrhunderts, der eine mit allen Mitteln forcierte Bevölkerungsvergrößerung forderte und den Erfolg jeglicher Politik allein am demografischen Wachstum maß. Justus Nipperdey erforscht mit seiner Arbeit erstmals die Entstehung des bevölkerungspolitischen Konzepts im Italien des 16. Jahrhunderts, seine Übernahme in die politische Theorie im Alten Reich und seine Verbreitung von den gelehrten lateinischen Politikkompendien in deutschsprachige Traktate.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 22
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Welchen Anteil hatten die »Deutschen« an der Erschließung des Fernen Ostens durch das russische Imperium? Inwieweit waren sie an Gesandtschaften nach China und an den großen Entdeckungsexpeditionen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts beteiligt? Was haben sie als Mediziner und Naturwissenschaftler, als Kartographen und als Ethnologen geleistet? Welchen Anteil hatten sie an einem östlich-westlichen Kulturtransfer und welche Lernprozesse erlebten sie bei ihren Begegnungen mit sibirisch-asiatischen Ethnien?Dieser Band entwirft ein facettenreiches Bild einer Großregion, das im Weltbild der Russen und der Westeuropäer nur sehr allmählich seinen Platz fand.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Es gehört zu den Errungenschaften der Neuzeit, einer Vermischung von Kirche und Staat zu wehren. Weder soll die Kirche theokratisch das politische Gemeinwesen bestimmen noch der Staat totalitär über die Kirche herrschen. Kirche und Staat sollen getrennt sein. Deutschland, Frankreich und die USA versuchen auf je andere Weise, diese notwendige Trennung von Kirche und Staat zu realisieren. Was war der Grund für die unterschiedlichen Modelle? Worin liegen die Stärken, worin die Schwächen des jeweiligen Modells? In jüngster Zeit stellen sich diese Fragen neu, nicht nur angesichts der Verortung der islamischen Religion in den westlichen Gesellschaften.Für einen sinnvollen Vergleich der drei Länder nimmt der Band eine doppelte Perspektive ein: Auf der einen Seite wird historisch danach gefragt, wie es zu der spezifischen Form des jeweiligen Staat-Kirche-Verhältnisses gekommen ist. Auf der anderen Seite werden Probleme und Chancen des jeweiligen Modells diskutiert, wobei Veränderungen und Herausforderungen der jüngsten Zeit besonders ins Gewicht fallen.Der Band dokumentiert die Vorträge der XIV. Dietrich Bonhoeffer Vorlesung 2010 in Mainz.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 24
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Die geschichtswissenschaftliche Studie weist nach, dass sich deutsche AktivistInnen zwischen dem Ende des 18. und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zunehmend mit AbolitionistInnen im atlantischen Raum vernetzten und eigene sklavereikritische Stellungnahmen in den grenzüberschreitenden Diskurs einbrachten. Die Untersuchung deutscher SklavereigegnerInnen erweitert und verändert nicht nur den Blick auf die Abolitionsbewegung als grenzüberschreitendes historisches Phänomen, sondern auch auf den deutschen Raum als Teil des sogenannten atlantischen Hinterlands.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 25
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Bereits im Jahre 1534 reiste ein äthiopischer Mönch nach Wittenberg, um dort Kontakt mit Martin Luther und Philipp Melanchthon aufzunehmen. Der daraus resultierte theologische Dialog markierte den Anfang einer Verflechtungsgeschichte von äthiopisch-orthodoxem Christentum und europäischem Protestantismus.Das andere Christentum erschließt erstmals die vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen von äthiopisch-orthodoxem Christentum und europäischem Protestantismus im Zeitraum vom 16. bis zum frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Damit bietet es einen neuen Blick sowohl auf die afrikanische als auch auf die europäische Kirchengeschichte der Neuzeit.Das Werk zeigt beispielhaft, auf welche Weise konfessionell und kulturell divergierende Varianten des Christentums kontinentübergreifend miteinander verknüpft waren, und leistet somit einen grundlegenden Beitrag zur globalen Christentumsgeschichte und der Interkulturellen Theologie. Methodisch knüpft die Arbeit hierbei an den Ansatz der Histoire croisée an und macht ihn für eine transkonfessionelle Kirchengeschichtsschreibung fruchtbar.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Das Institut für Europäische Geschichte Mainz und die Johannes Gutenberg-Universität veranstalteten im akademischen Jahr 2010/2011 im Rahmen des Studienprogramms des gemeinsamen Graduiertenkollegs »Die christlichen Kirchen vor der Herausforderung ›Europa‹ (1890 bis zur Gegenwart)« eine Vorlesungsreihe, die unter dem Titel »Die Kirchen in Europa: Denker und Querdenker«. Die Vorträge gingen der Frage nach, wie sich kirchennahe Organisationen und ihre Entscheidungsträger zum Gedanken einer Einigung Europas positionierten und sich dem Prozess der europäischen Integration stellten. Der Fokus der Reihe richtete sich – als Pendant zu der ersten Ringvorlesung, die 2009–2010 stattfand und in einem Band »Die europäische Integration und die Kirchen. Akteure und Rezipienten« dokumentiert wurde – auf Persönlichkeiten und Gruppierungen, die in die Öffentlichkeit hineinwirkten und deren Meinungsbildung mitgestalteten. Der Band versammelt acht Beiträge von Kirchenhistorikern, Historikern und Politikwissenschaftlern. Die Beiträge decken einen langen Zeitraum ab und beleuchten in Fallbeispielen oder überblicksartig die Zeit vom ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert bis an die Schwelle der Gegenwart. Trotz eines gewissen Schwerpunkts im deutschsprachigen Raum wird der Blick auch nach Estland und Italien gelenkt. In Betracht kommen Gruppen, wie politische Parteien; Konfessionskirchen, wie z. B. das Luthertum, und Institutionen, wie der Heilige Stuhl. Vorgestellt werden aber auch und vor allem Einzelpersonen und deren Haltung, wobei auch hier das Spektrum sehr weit ist und von der »Prominenz« bis hin zu weniger bekannten »Einzelgängern« reicht.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg begann Europa zusammenzuwachsen. Dieser Band versammelt Beiträge internationaler Autoren, die aus historischer oder theologischer Sicht die Haltung der Päpste (Pius XII.), der englischen Kirche sowie der österreichischen und ausgewählter deutscher Bischöfe zu den Europäisierungsprozessen anschaulich machen. Die Beiträge beleuchten das Innenleben der Organe, die die Interessen der katholischen Kirche in Brüssel vertreten. Sie schlagen damit Schneisen in ein Forschungsfeld, das noch weitgehend unbearbeitet ist, dessen Relevanz sich aber jüngst in der Diskussion über den Gottesbezug in der Präambel des Europäischen Verfassungsvertrags gezeigt hat.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Freiwillige oder erzwungene Reisen von Menschen in fremde Länder und ihr Leben in der Fremde, die Begegnung mit Fremden in der eigenen Gesellschaft – das sind nicht erst Erfahrungen unserer Gegenwart oder der jüngeren Vergangenheit. Zu allen Zeiten machten viele Menschen solche Erfahrungen. Dieser Band beleuchtet das Geschichtsbewusstsein von Migranten ebenso wie die Bedeutung des Eindringens fremder Kulturen in das eigene Land und die Aufnahme dieser Erfahrungen in eigene Geschichtskonzeptionen. Der Blick wird bewusst über Europa hinaus gelenkt: Veränderte sich durch die Ankunft von Europäern auch das Geschichtsbewusstsein und die Geschichtsschreibung von Menschen in Afrika, Asien und Lateinamerika?
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Das Verhältnis von Religion und Politik ist in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus der Forschung gerückt. Die Autoren dieses Bandes widmen sich diesem Verhältnis unter einer besonderen Zuspitzung. Ihre Beiträge analysieren, inwiefern es zum Selbstverständnis von Religionen gehört, einen Beitrag zur Gestaltung der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Wirklichkeit leisten zu sollen. Mit dieser Problematik verknüpft ist eine zentrale Frage: Wie erklärt und wie äußert sich der Anspruch von Religionen, eine »politische Aufgabe« zu besitzen? Im Fokus stehen die drei großen monotheistischen Religionen Judentum, Christentum und Islam, wobei für das Christentum zusätzlich die konfessionellen Differenzen in den Blick kommen, die zu ganz unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen der politischen Aufgabe des Christentums geführt haben.Für alle drei monotheistischen Religionen nehmen die Beiträger jeweils eine Doppelperspektive ein: historische Beispiele erhellen die jeweiligen Bedingungen und Kontexte für religiös motivierte Teilhabe an politischer Gestaltung und Verantwortung; Systematische Entfaltungen versuchen eine Einbettung dieser Beispiele in die spezifischen Denkhorizonte der jeweiligen Religionen. Das so erhobene politische Selbstverständnis der Religionen wird schließlich mit der Fremdwahrnehmung dieses Selbstverständnisses aus nichtreligiöser Perspektive kontrastiert.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 30
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-02
    Beschreibung: Anna Jurascheks Buch befasst sich mit der Idee des Bildes im Werk des polnisch-jüdischen Künstlers, Schriftstellers und Essayisten Bruno Schulz, der sein Hauptwerk in der Zwischenkriegszeit in polnischer Sprache verfasst hat. Im Kontext der gesellschaftlichen und technischen Veränderungen um die Jahrhundertwende untersucht die Autorin Bruno Schulz` auffälligen und eigenwilligen Umgang mit Bildern, der sich sowohl im plastischen als auch im literarischen Werk sowie in der Verflechtung beider Ausdrucksmittel zeigt. Zur Analyse und Bewertung werden einerseits Untersuchungen zu Bildern und ihrer kulturellen Funktion in der Zwischenkriegszeit herangezogen, wie die wegweisenden Aufsätze von Walter Benjamin und Gisèle Freund, andererseits neuere bildwissenschaftliche Theorien wie jene von Hans Belting und Gottfried Boehm.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Osteuropa ; Polen ; Kulturgeschichte ; Kunstgeschichte ; Biographie ; Neuere Geschichte ; 20. Jahrhundert ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 31
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    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Simon Rawidowicz (1896–1957) was one of the most innovative, if also underappreciated, Jewish thinkers of the twentieth century. He was a partner in conversation with many of the leading Jewish cultural or political figures of the first half of the century including David Ben-Gurion, Chaim Nahman Bialik, Martin Buber, and Simon Dubnow. His distinctive theory of "Babylon and Jerusalem" remains one of the most interesting formulations of Jewish national ideology, as it sought to mediate between the poles of Zionism and Diasporism. This volume captures Rawidowicz’s multiple and overlapping concerns – both scholarly and contemporary – as well as the distinctive rich timbre of his Hebrew style. All those interested in modern Jewish thought, the relationship between Israel and Diaspora, the recurrent "Arab Question" in Zionist and Israeli politics, and the state of Jewish people will find benefit in this collection of new or hardly known texts from the pen of Simon Rawidowicz.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Jewish ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-18
    Beschreibung: Avian brood parasites and their hosts provide model systems for investigating links between recognition, learning, and their fitness consequences. One major evolutionary puzzle has continued to capture the attention of naturalists for centuries: why do hosts of brood parasites generally fail to recognize parasitic offspring after they have hatched from the egg, even when the host and parasitic chicks differ to almost comic degrees? One prominent theory to explain this pattern proposes that the costs of mistakenly learning to recognize the wrong offspring make recognition maladaptive. Here we show that American coots, Fulica americana, can recognize and reject parasitic chicks in their brood by using learned cues, despite the fact that the hosts and the brood parasites are of the same species. A series of chick cross-fostering experiments confirm that coots use first-hatched chicks in a brood as referents to learn to recognize their own chicks and then discriminate against later-hatched parasitic chicks in the same brood. When experimentally provided with the wrong reference chicks, coots can be induced to discriminate against their own offspring, confirming that the learning errors proposed by theory can exist. However, learning based on hatching order is reliable in naturally parasitized coot nests because host eggs hatch predictably ahead of parasite eggs. Conversely, a lack of reliable information may help to explain why the evolution of chick recognition is not more common in hosts of most interspecific brood parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuka, Daizaburo -- Lyon, Bruce E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):223-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08655. Epub 2009 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. shizuka@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*parasitology/*physiology ; British Columbia ; Cues ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Genetic Fitness ; Nesting Behavior/*physiology ; Ovum/growth & development ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-23
    Beschreibung: Reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells makes possible derivation of patient-specific stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, iPS cell generation is asynchronous and slow (2-3 weeks), the frequency is low (〈0.1%), and DNA demethylation constitutes a bottleneck. To determine regulatory mechanisms involved in reprogramming, we generated interspecies heterokaryons (fused mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and human fibroblasts) that induce reprogramming synchronously, frequently and fast. Here we show that reprogramming towards pluripotency in single heterokaryons is initiated without cell division or DNA replication, rapidly (1 day) and efficiently (70%). Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown showed that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID, also known as AICDA) is required for promoter demethylation and induction of OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and NANOG gene expression. AID protein bound silent methylated OCT4 and NANOG promoters in fibroblasts, but not active demethylated promoters in ES cells. These data provide new evidence that mammalian AID is required for active DNA demethylation and initiation of nuclear reprogramming towards pluripotency in human somatic cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhutani, Nidhi -- Brady, Jennifer J -- Damian, Mara -- Sacco, Alessandra -- Corbel, Stephane Y -- Blau, Helen M -- AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521-25/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1042-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5175, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics/*physiology ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cytidine Deaminase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Replication ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Lung/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-17
    Beschreibung: Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ruiqiang -- Fan, Wei -- Tian, Geng -- Zhu, Hongmei -- He, Lin -- Cai, Jing -- Huang, Quanfei -- Cai, Qingle -- Li, Bo -- Bai, Yinqi -- Zhang, Zhihe -- Zhang, Yaping -- Wang, Wen -- Li, Jun -- Wei, Fuwen -- Li, Heng -- Jian, Min -- Li, Jianwen -- Zhang, Zhaolei -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Li, Dawei -- Gu, Wanjun -- Yang, Zhentao -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching -- Zhou, Yan -- Cao, Jianjun -- Sun, Xiao -- Fu, Yonggui -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Guo, Xiaosen -- Wang, Bo -- Hou, Rong -- Shen, Fujun -- Mu, Bo -- Ni, Peixiang -- Lin, Runmao -- Qian, Wubin -- Wang, Guodong -- Yu, Chang -- Nie, Wenhui -- Wang, Jinhuan -- Wu, Zhigang -- Liang, Huiqing -- Min, Jiumeng -- Wu, Qi -- Cheng, Shifeng -- Ruan, Jue -- Wang, Mingwei -- Shi, Zhongbin -- Wen, Ming -- Liu, Binghang -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Zheng, Huisong -- Dong, Dong -- Cook, Kathleen -- Shan, Gao -- Zhang, Hao -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Xie, Xueying -- Lu, Zuhong -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Li, Yingrui -- Steiner, Cynthia C -- Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Lin, Siyuan -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Li, Guoqing -- Tian, Jing -- Gong, Timing -- Liu, Hongde -- Zhang, Dejin -- Fang, Lin -- Ye, Chen -- Zhang, Juanbin -- Hu, Wenbo -- Xu, Anlong -- Ren, Yuanyuan -- Zhang, Guojie -- Bruford, Michael W -- Li, Qibin -- Ma, Lijia -- Guo, Yiran -- An, Na -- Hu, Yujie -- Zheng, Yang -- Shi, Yongyong -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Liu, Qing -- Chen, Yanling -- Zhao, Jing -- Qu, Ning -- Zhao, Shancen -- Tian, Feng -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Wang, Haiyin -- Xu, Lizhi -- Liu, Xiao -- Vinar, Tomas -- Wang, Yajun -- Lam, Tak-Wah -- Yiu, Siu-Ming -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhang, Hemin -- Li, Desheng -- Huang, Yan -- Wang, Xia -- Yang, Guohua -- Jiang, Zhi -- Wang, Junyi -- Qin, Nan -- Li, Li -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Olson, Maynard -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):311-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08696. Epub 2009 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algorithms ; Animals ; China ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Contig Mapping ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Genome/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny/genetics ; Ursidae/classification/*genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-17
    Beschreibung: The Red Queen describes a view of nature in which species continually evolve but do not become better adapted. It is one of the more distinctive metaphors of evolutionary biology, but no test of its claim that speciation occurs at a constant rate has ever been made against competing models that can predict virtually identical outcomes, nor has any mechanism been proposed that could cause the constant-rate phenomenon. Here we use 101 phylogenies of animal, plant and fungal taxa to test the constant-rate claim against four competing models. Phylogenetic branch lengths record the amount of time or evolutionary change between successive events of speciation. The models predict the distribution of these lengths by specifying how factors combine to bring about speciation, or by describing how rates of speciation vary throughout a tree. We find that the hypotheses that speciation follows the accumulation of many small events that act either multiplicatively or additively found support in 8% and none of the trees, respectively. A further 8% of trees hinted that the probability of speciation changes according to the amount of divergence from the ancestral species, and 6% suggested speciation rates vary among taxa. By comparison, 78% of the trees fit the simplest model in which new species emerge from single events, each rare but individually sufficient to cause speciation. This model predicts a constant rate of speciation, and provides a new interpretation of the Red Queen: the metaphor of species losing a race against a deteriorating environment is replaced by a view linking speciation to rare stochastic events that cause reproductive isolation. Attempts to understand species-radiations or why some groups have more or fewer species should look to the size of the catalogue of potential causes of speciation shared by a group of closely related organisms rather than to how those causes combine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venditti, Chris -- Meade, Andrew -- Pagel, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):349-52. doi: 10.1038/nature08630. Epub 2009 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6BX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Models, Biological ; *Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340503/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340503/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Bernard T -- McCoy, Airlie J -- Spate, Kira -- Miller, Sharon E -- Evans, Philip R -- Honing, Stefan -- Owen, David J -- 090909/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105178845/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):976-79. doi: 10.1038/nature07422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19140243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Protein Complex 2/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; *Endocytosis ; Humans ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 37
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):369. doi: 10.1038/457369a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Breeding/economics/*methods ; Cattle/*genetics ; Dairying/economics/*methods ; Female ; Internationality ; Male ; Milk/*secretion/*standards ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-19
    Beschreibung: Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by reward or sensory stimuli predicting reward. These excitatory responses increase as the reward value increases. This response property has led to a hypothesis that dopamine neurons encode value-related signals and are inhibited by aversive events. Here we show that this is true only for a subset of dopamine neurons. We recorded the activity of dopamine neurons in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a Pavlovian procedure with appetitive and aversive outcomes (liquid rewards and airpuffs directed at the face, respectively). We found that some dopamine neurons were excited by reward-predicting stimuli and inhibited by airpuff-predicting stimuli, as the value hypothesis predicts. However, a greater number of dopamine neurons were excited by both of these stimuli, inconsistent with the hypothesis. Some dopamine neurons were also excited by both rewards and airpuffs themselves, especially when they were unpredictable. Neurons excited by the airpuff-predicting stimuli were located more dorsolaterally in the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas neurons inhibited by the stimuli were located more ventromedially, some in the ventral tegmental area. A similar anatomical difference was observed for their responses to actual airpuffs. These findings suggest that different groups of dopamine neurons convey motivational signals in distinct manners.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739096/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739096/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Masayuki -- Hikosaka, Okihide -- Z01 EY000415-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):837-41. doi: 10.1038/nature08028. Epub 2009 May 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4435, USA. matsumotom@nei.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Air ; Animals ; Appetitive Behavior/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; *Motivation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Reward
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  • 39
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sukhdev, Pavan -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):277. doi: 10.1038/462277a. Epub 2009 Nov 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) project, United Nations Campus, Hermann-Ehlers-Strasse 10, 53113 Bonn, Germany. teeb@unep-teeb.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fresh Water ; Government ; Humans ; Poverty
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-05
    Beschreibung: A20 is a negative regulator of the NF-kappaB pathway and was initially identified as being rapidly induced after tumour-necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. It has a pivotal role in regulation of the immune response and prevents excessive activation of NF-kappaB in response to a variety of external stimuli; recent genetic studies have disclosed putative associations of polymorphic A20 (also called TNFAIP3) alleles with autoimmune disease risk. However, the involvement of A20 in the development of human cancers is unknown. Here we show, using a genome-wide analysis of genetic lesions in 238 B-cell lymphomas, that A20 is a common genetic target in B-lineage lymphomas. A20 is frequently inactivated by somatic mutations and/or deletions in mucosa-associated tissue lymphoma (18 out of 87; 21.8%) and Hodgkin's lymphoma of nodular sclerosis histology (5 out of 15; 33.3%), and, to a lesser extent, in other B-lineage lymphomas. When re-expressed in a lymphoma-derived cell line with no functional A20 alleles, wild-type A20, but not mutant A20, resulted in suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis, accompanied by downregulation of NF-kappaB activation. The A20-deficient cells stably generated tumours in immunodeficient mice, whereas the tumorigenicity was effectively suppressed by re-expression of A20. In A20-deficient cells, suppression of both cell growth and NF-kappaB activity due to re-expression of A20 depended, at least partly, on cell-surface-receptor signalling, including the tumour-necrosis factor receptor. Considering the physiological function of A20 in the negative modulation of NF-kappaB activation induced by multiple upstream stimuli, our findings indicate that uncontrolled signalling of NF-kappaB caused by loss of A20 function is involved in the pathogenesis of subsets of B-lineage lymphomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Motohiro -- Sanada, Masashi -- Kato, Itaru -- Sato, Yasuharu -- Takita, Junko -- Takeuchi, Kengo -- Niwa, Akira -- Chen, Yuyan -- Nakazaki, Kumi -- Nomoto, Junko -- Asakura, Yoshitaka -- Muto, Satsuki -- Tamura, Azusa -- Iio, Mitsuru -- Akatsuka, Yoshiki -- Hayashi, Yasuhide -- Mori, Hiraku -- Igarashi, Takashi -- Kurokawa, Mineo -- Chiba, Shigeru -- Mori, Shigeo -- Ishikawa, Yuichi -- Okamoto, Koji -- Tobinai, Kensei -- Nakagama, Hitoshi -- Nakahata, Tatsutoshi -- Yoshino, Tadashi -- Kobayashi, Yukio -- Ogawa, Seishi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):712-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07969. Epub 2009 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genomics Project, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):808. doi: 10.1038/458808a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Travel/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-31
    Beschreibung: Acid-sensing ion channels are proton-activated, sodium-selective channels composed of three subunits, and are members of the superfamily of epithelial sodium channels, mechanosensitive and FMRF-amide peptide-gated ion channels. These ubiquitous eukaryotic ion channels have essential roles in biological activities as diverse as sodium homeostasis, taste and pain. Despite their crucial roles in biology and their unusual trimeric subunit stoichiometry, there is little knowledge of the structural and chemical principles underlying their ion channel architecture and ion-binding sites. Here we present the structure of a functional acid-sensing ion channel in a desensitized state at 3 A resolution, the location and composition of the approximately 8 A 'thick' desensitization gate, and the trigonal antiprism coordination of caesium ions bound in the extracellular vestibule. Comparison of the acid-sensing ion channel structure with the ATP-gated P2X(4) receptor reveals similarity in pore architecture and aqueous vestibules, suggesting that there are unanticipated yet common structural and mechanistic principles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845979/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845979/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzales, Eric B -- Kawate, Toshimitsu -- Gouaux, Eric -- F32 GM083615/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM083615-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 30;460(7255):599-604. doi: 10.1038/nature08218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acid Sensing Ion Channels ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cesium/metabolism ; Chickens/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Ions/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/*chemistry ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; Sodium Channels/*chemistry ; Zebrafish/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):368. doi: 10.1038/457368a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Drosophila/*classification ; Drosophila melanogaster/classification ; Species Specificity ; *Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-27
    Beschreibung: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial components, and evoke inflammation and immune responses. TLR stimulation activates complex gene expression networks that regulate the magnitude and duration of the immune reaction. Here we identify the TLR-inducible gene Zc3h12a as an immune response modifier that has an essential role in preventing immune disorders. Zc3h12a-deficient mice suffered from severe anaemia, and most died within 12 weeks. Zc3h12a(-/-) mice also showed augmented serum immunoglobulin levels and autoantibody production, together with a greatly increased number of plasma cells, as well as infiltration of plasma cells to the lung. Most Zc3h12a(-/-) splenic T cells showed effector/memory characteristics and produced interferon-gamma in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Macrophages from Zc3h12a(-/-) mice showed highly increased production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12p40 (also known as IL12b), but not TNF, in response to TLR ligands. Although the activation of TLR signalling pathways was normal, Il6 messenger RNA decay was severely impaired in Zc3h12a(-/-) macrophages. Overexpression of Zc3h12a accelerated Il6 mRNA degradation via its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and destabilized RNAs with 3'-UTRs for genes including Il6, Il12p40 and the calcitonin receptor gene Calcr. Zc3h12a contains a putative amino-terminal nuclease domain, and the expressed protein had RNase activity, consistent with a role in the decay of Il6 mRNA. Together, these results indicate that Zc3h12a is an essential RNase that prevents immune disorders by directly controlling the stability of a set of inflammatory genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsushita, Kazufumi -- Takeuchi, Osamu -- Standley, Daron M -- Kumagai, Yutaro -- Kawagoe, Tatsukata -- Miyake, Tohru -- Satoh, Takashi -- Kato, Hiroki -- Tsujimura, Tohru -- Nakamura, Haruki -- Akira, Shizuo -- P01 AI070167/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1185-90. doi: 10.1038/nature07924. Epub 2009 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19322177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/metabolism ; Anemia/complications/genetics ; Animals ; Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/complications/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fetal Diseases/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity/*genetics/*immunology ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Plasma Cells/cytology ; *RNA Stability ; Ribonucleases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):396. doi: 10.1038/458396a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Leadership ; Marine Biology ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-12
    Beschreibung: Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been accomplished by expressing pluripotency factors and oncogenes, but the low frequency and tendency to induce malignant transformation compromise the clinical utility of this powerful approach. We address both issues by investigating the mechanisms limiting reprogramming efficiency in somatic cells. Here we show that reprogramming factors can activate the p53 (also known as Trp53 in mice, TP53 in humans) pathway. Reducing signalling to p53 by expressing a mutated version of one of its negative regulators, by deleting or knocking down p53 or its target gene, p21 (also known as Cdkn1a), or by antagonizing reprogramming-induced apoptosis in mouse fibroblasts increases reprogramming efficiency. Notably, decreasing p53 protein levels enabled fibroblasts to give rise to iPS cells capable of generating germline-transmitting chimaeric mice using only Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) and Sox2. Furthermore, silencing of p53 significantly increased the reprogramming efficiency of human somatic cells. These results provide insights into reprogramming mechanisms and suggest new routes to more efficient reprogramming while minimizing the use of oncogenes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735889/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735889/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawamura, Teruhisa -- Suzuki, Jotaro -- Wang, Yunyuan V -- Menendez, Sergio -- Morera, Laura Batlle -- Raya, Angel -- Wahl, Geoffrey M -- Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos -- 5 R01 CA061449/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 R01 CA100845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA061449/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA061449-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA100845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA100845-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL088293/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL088293-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1140-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08311. Epub 2009 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/*physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-13
    Beschreibung: In an adaptive immune response, naive T cells proliferate during infection and generate long-lived memory cells that undergo secondary expansion after a repeat encounter with the same pathogen. Although natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as cells of the innate immune system, they share many similarities with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We use a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000-fold in the liver after infection. After a contraction phase, Ly49H-positive NK cells reside in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs for several months. These self-renewing 'memory' NK cells rapidly degranulate and produce cytokines on reactivation. Adoptive transfer of these NK cells into naive animals followed by viral challenge results in a robust secondary expansion and protective immunity. These findings reveal properties of NK cells that were previously attributed only to cells of the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Joseph C -- Beilke, Joshua N -- Lanier, Lewis L -- AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):557-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07665. Epub 2009 Jan 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics ; Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*cytology/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Congenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Models, Immunological ; Muromegalovirus/immunology/physiology ; Phenotype ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 48
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dance, Amber -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):664-5. doi: 10.1038/nj7238-664a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/immunology ; Asthma/immunology ; Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/*immunology ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/mortality ; *Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; *Research Personnel
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gore, Jeff -- van Oudenaarden, Alexander -- K99 GM085279/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R00 GM085279/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):271-2. doi: 10.1038/457271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Escherichia coli ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Genes, Synthetic/*genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; *Models, Biological
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-03
    Beschreibung: Induced pluripotent stem cells offer unprecedented potential for disease research, drug screening, toxicology and regenerative medicine. However, the process of reprogramming is inefficient and often incomplete. Here I consider reasons for bottlenecks in induced pluripotent stem cell generation, and propose a model in which most or all cells have the potential to become pluripotent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamanaka, Shinya -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):49-52. doi: 10.1038/nature08180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. yamanaka@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; *Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-06
    Beschreibung: The activation of innate immune responses by nucleic acids is crucial to protective and pathological immunities and is mediated by the transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic receptors. However, it remains unknown whether a mechanism exists that integrates these nucleic-acid-sensing systems. Here we show that high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins 1, 2 and 3 function as universal sentinels for nucleic acids. HMGBs bind to all immunogenic nucleic acids examined with a correlation between affinity and immunogenic potential. Hmgb1(-/-) and Hmgb2(-/-) mouse cells are defective in type-I interferon and inflammatory cytokine induction by DNA or RNA targeted to activate the cytosolic nucleic-acid-sensing receptors; cells in which the expression of all three HMGBs is suppressed show a more profound defect, accompanied by impaired activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The absence of HMGBs also severely impairs the activation of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 by their cognate nucleic acids. Our results therefore indicate a hierarchy in the nucleic-acid-mediated activation of immune responses, wherein the selective activation of nucleic-acid-sensing receptors is contingent on the more promiscuous sensing of nucleic acids by HMGBs. These findings may have implications for understanding the evolution of the innate immune system and for the treatment of immunological disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yanai, Hideyuki -- Ban, Tatsuma -- Wang, ZhiChao -- Choi, Myoung Kwon -- Kawamura, Takeshi -- Negishi, Hideo -- Nakasato, Makoto -- Lu, Yan -- Hangai, Sho -- Koshiba, Ryuji -- Savitsky, David -- Ronfani, Lorenza -- Akira, Shizuo -- Bianchi, Marco E -- Honda, Kenya -- Tamura, Tomohiko -- Kodama, Tatsuhiko -- Taniguchi, Tadatsugu -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):99-103. doi: 10.1038/nature08512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/immunology ; DNA/immunology ; HMGB Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HMGB2 Protein/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acids/*immunology ; Nucleotides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; RNA/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology ; Virus Diseases/immunology/virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-17
    Beschreibung: B-cell malignancies, such as human Burkitt's lymphoma, often contain translocations that link c-myc or other proto-oncogenes to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH, encoded by Igh). The nature of elements that activate oncogenes within such translocations has been a long-standing question. Translocations within Igh involve DNA double-strand breaks initiated either by the RAG1/2 endonuclease during variable, diversity and joining gene segment (V(D)J) recombination, or by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID, also known as AICDA) during class switch recombination (CSR). V(D)J recombination in progenitor B (pro-B) cells assembles Igh variable region exons upstream of mu constant region (Cmu) exons, which are the first of several sets of C(H) exons ('C(H) genes') within a C(H) locus that span several hundred kilobases (kb). In mature B cells, CSR deletes Cmu and replaces it with a downstream C(H) gene. An intronic enhancer (iEmu) between the variable region exons and Cmu promotes V(D)J recombination in developing B cells. Furthermore, the Igh 3' regulatory region (Igh3'RR) lies downstream of the C(H) locus and modulates CSR by long-range transcriptional enhancement of C(H) genes. Transgenic mice bearing iEmu or Igh3'RR sequences fused to c-myc are predisposed to B lymphomas, demonstrating that such elements can confer oncogenic c-myc expression. However, in many B-cell lymphomas, Igh-c-myc translocations delete iEmu and place c-myc up to 200 kb upstream of the Igh3'RR. Here we address the oncogenic role of the Igh3'RR by inactivating it in two distinct mouse models for B-cell lymphoma with Igh-c-myc translocations. We show that the Igh3'RR is dispensable for pro-B-cell lymphomas with V(D)J recombination-initiated translocations, but is required for peripheral B-cell lymphomas with CSR-associated translocations. As the Igh3'RR is not required for CSR-associated Igh breaks or Igh-c-myc translocations in peripheral B-cell lymphoma progenitors, we conclude that this regulatory region confers oncogenic activity by long-range and developmental stage-specific activation of translocated c-myc genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gostissa, Monica -- Yan, Catherine T -- Bianco, Julia M -- Cogne, Michel -- Pinaud, Eric -- Alt, Frederick W -- CA92625/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):803-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08633.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3' Untranslated Regions/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte/*genetics ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/*genetics ; Genes, myc/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching/genetics ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 53
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reiff, Sarah B -- Striepen, Boris -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):918-9. doi: 10.1038/459918a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy/*parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism/parasitology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-01
    Beschreibung: Changes in synaptic connections are considered essential for learning and memory formation. However, it is unknown how neural circuits undergo continuous synaptic changes during learning while maintaining lifelong memories. Here we show, by following postsynaptic dendritic spines over time in the mouse cortex, that learning and novel sensory experience lead to spine formation and elimination by a protracted process. The extent of spine remodelling correlates with behavioural improvement after learning, suggesting a crucial role of synaptic structural plasticity in memory formation. Importantly, a small fraction of new spines induced by novel experience, together with most spines formed early during development and surviving experience-dependent elimination, are preserved and provide a structural basis for memory retention throughout the entire life of an animal. These studies indicate that learning and daily sensory experience leave minute but permanent marks on cortical connections and suggest that lifelong memories are stored in largely stably connected synaptic networks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724802/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724802/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Guang -- Pan, Feng -- Gan, Wen-Biao -- R01 NS047325/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):920-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08577. Epub 2009 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Program, The Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19946265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Dendritic Spines/metabolism/*physiology ; Forelimb/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Motor Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 55
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonnell, Anna -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):909. doi: 10.1038/459909b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Fertility ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sculpture/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-31
    Beschreibung: P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels gated by extracellular ATP, and are implicated in diverse physiological processes, from synaptic transmission to inflammation to the sensing of taste and pain. Because P2X receptors are not related to other ion channel proteins of known structure, there is at present no molecular foundation for mechanisms of ligand-gating, allosteric modulation and ion permeation. Here we present crystal structures of the zebrafish P2X(4) receptor in its closed, resting state. The chalice-shaped, trimeric receptor is knit together by subunit-subunit contacts implicated in ion channel gating and receptor assembly. Extracellular domains, rich in beta-strands, have large acidic patches that may attract cations, through fenestrations, to vestibules near the ion channel. In the transmembrane pore, the 'gate' is defined by an approximately 8 A slab of protein. We define the location of three non-canonical, intersubunit ATP-binding sites, and suggest that ATP binding promotes subunit rearrangement and ion channel opening.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720809/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720809/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawate, Toshimitsu -- Michel, Jennifer Carlisle -- Birdsong, William T -- Gouaux, Eric -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 30;460(7255):592-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Oregon 97239, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gadolinium/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/*chemistry ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 ; Zebrafish/*physiology ; Zebrafish Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-25
    Beschreibung: African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keele, Brandon F -- Jones, James Holland -- Terio, Karen A -- Estes, Jacob D -- Rudicell, Rebecca S -- Wilson, Michael L -- Li, Yingying -- Learn, Gerald H -- Beasley, T Mark -- Schumacher-Stankey, Joann -- Wroblewski, Emily -- Mosser, Anna -- Raphael, Jane -- Kamenya, Shadrack -- Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V -- Travis, Dominic A -- Mlengeya, Titus -- Kinsel, Michael J -- Else, James G -- Silvestri, Guido -- Goodall, Jane -- Sharp, Paul M -- Shaw, George M -- Pusey, Anne E -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- HHSN266200400088C/PHS HHS/ -- P30 AI 27767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-21A17134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI50529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI58715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854-059010/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):515-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology ; Africa ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/*virology ; Prevalence ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/epidemiology/immunology/*mortality/*pathology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Danis, Bruno -- Griffiths, Huw -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):830. doi: 10.1038/458830b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Archives ; *Biodiversity ; Databases, Factual ; *Internet ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-13
    Beschreibung: Experience-dependent plasticity in the brain requires balanced excitation-inhibition. How individual circuit elements contribute to plasticity outcome in complex neocortical networks remains unknown. Here we report an intracellular analysis of ocular dominance plasticity-the loss of acuity and cortical responsiveness for an eye deprived of vision in early life. Unlike the typical progressive loss of pyramidal-cell bias, direct recording from fast-spiking cells in vivo reveals a counterintuitive initial shift towards the occluded eye followed by a late preference for the open eye, consistent with a spike-timing-dependent plasticity rule for these inhibitory neurons. Intracellular pharmacology confirms a dynamic switch of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) impact to pyramidal cells following deprivation in juvenile mice only. Together these results suggest that the bidirectional recruitment of an initially binocular GABA circuit may contribute to experience-dependent plasticity in the developing visual cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yazaki-Sugiyama, Yoko -- Kang, Siu -- Cateau, Hideyuki -- Fukai, Tomoki -- Hensch, Takao K -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):218-21. doi: 10.1038/nature08485.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0082, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/*physiology ; Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Dominance, Ocular/*physiology ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism ; Visual Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudsmit, Jaap -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):394. doi: 10.1038/457394a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jaap Goudsmit is in the Research and Development Department of Crucell Holland, PO Box 2048, Leiden, 2301 CA, the Netherlands, and in the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam. j.goudsmit@crucell.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; Prion Diseases/*history/transmission ; Prions/chemistry/*history/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-10
    Beschreibung: Acetylation within the globular core domain of histone H3 on lysine 56 (H3K56) has recently been shown to have a critical role in packaging DNA into chromatin following DNA replication and repair in budding yeast. However, the function or occurrence of this specific histone mark has not been studied in multicellular eukaryotes, mainly because the Rtt109 enzyme that is known to mediate acetylation of H3K56 (H3K56ac) is fungal-specific. Here we demonstrate that the histone acetyl transferase CBP (also known as Nejire) in flies and CBP and p300 (Ep300) in humans acetylate H3K56, whereas Drosophila Sir2 and human SIRT1 and SIRT2 deacetylate H3K56ac. The histone chaperones ASF1A in humans and Asf1 in Drosophila are required for acetylation of H3K56 in vivo, whereas the histone chaperone CAF-1 (chromatin assembly factor 1) in humans and Caf1 in Drosophila are required for the incorporation of histones bearing this mark into chromatin. We show that, in response to DNA damage, histones bearing acetylated K56 are assembled into chromatin in Drosophila and human cells, forming foci that colocalize with sites of DNA repair. Furthermore, acetylation of H3K56 is increased in multiple types of cancer, correlating with increased levels of ASF1A in these tumours. Our identification of multiple proteins regulating the levels of H3K56 acetylation in metazoans will allow future studies of this critical and unique histone modification that couples chromatin assembly to DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Das, Chandrima -- Lucia, M Scott -- Hansen, Kirk C -- Tyler, Jessica K -- CA95641/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM64475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095641/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095641-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064475-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):113-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07861. Epub 2009 Mar 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, PO Box 6511, Aurora Colorado 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; DNA Damage/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*enzymology ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4 ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-31
    Beschreibung: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase function as defence and signalling molecules related to innate immunity and various cellular responses. The activation of NADPH oxidase in response to plasma membrane receptor activation depends on the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic oxidase subunits, their translocation to membranes and the assembly of all NADPH oxidase components. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a prominent stimulus of ROS production, but the molecular mechanisms by which TNF activates NADPH oxidase are poorly understood. Here we identify riboflavin kinase (RFK, formerly known as flavokinase) as a previously unrecognized TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1)-binding protein that physically and functionally couples TNFR1 to NADPH oxidase. In mouse and human cells, RFK binds to both the TNFR1-death domain and to p22(phox), the common subunit of NADPH oxidase isoforms. RFK-mediated bridging of TNFR1 and p22(phox) is a prerequisite for TNF-induced but not for Toll-like-receptor-induced ROS production. Exogenous flavin mononucleotide or FAD was able to substitute fully for TNF stimulation of NADPH oxidase in RFK-deficient cells. RFK is rate-limiting in the synthesis of FAD, an essential prosthetic group of NADPH oxidase. The results suggest that TNF, through the activation of RFK, enhances the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase enzymes, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yazdanpanah, Benjamin -- Wiegmann, Katja -- Tchikov, Vladimir -- Krut, Oleg -- Pongratz, Carola -- Schramm, Michael -- Kleinridders, Andre -- Wunderlich, Thomas -- Kashkar, Hamid -- Utermohlen, Olaf -- Bruning, Jens C -- Schutze, Stefan -- Kronke, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1159-63. doi: 10.1038/nature08206. Epub 2009 Jul 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytochrome b Group/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fibroblasts ; Flavin Mononucleotide/metabolism ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/biosynthesis/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-03
    Beschreibung: Although drugs are intended to be selective, at least some bind to several physiological targets, explaining side effects and efficacy. Because many drug-target combinations exist, it would be useful to explore possible interactions computationally. Here we compared 3,665 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and investigational drugs against hundreds of targets, defining each target by its ligands. Chemical similarities between drugs and ligand sets predicted thousands of unanticipated associations. Thirty were tested experimentally, including the antagonism of the beta(1) receptor by the transporter inhibitor Prozac, the inhibition of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter by the ion channel drug Vadilex, and antagonism of the histamine H(4) receptor by the enzyme inhibitor Rescriptor. Overall, 23 new drug-target associations were confirmed, five of which were potent (〈100 nM). The physiological relevance of one, the drug N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) on serotonergic receptors, was confirmed in a knockout mouse. The chemical similarity approach is systematic and comprehensive, and may suggest side-effects and new indications for many drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784146/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784146/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keiser, Michael J -- Setola, Vincent -- Irwin, John J -- Laggner, Christian -- Abbas, Atheir I -- Hufeisen, Sandra J -- Jensen, Niels H -- Kuijer, Michael B -- Matos, Roberto C -- Tran, Thuy B -- Whaley, Ryan -- Glennon, Richard A -- Hert, Jerome -- Thomas, Kelan L H -- Edwards, Douglas D -- Shoichet, Brian K -- Roth, Bryan L -- R01 DA017204/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA017204-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA017204-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061887/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061887-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061887-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-010001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-019002/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-019003/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-020001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-029002/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-030001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441-039002/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):175-81. doi: 10.1038/nature08506. Epub 2009 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19881490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Off-Label Use ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; *Substrate Specificity ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-28
    Beschreibung: Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells and contain their own genome (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Unlike the nuclear genome, which is derived from both the egg and sperm at fertilization, the mtDNA in the embryo is derived almost exclusively from the egg; that is, it is of maternal origin. Mutations in mtDNA contribute to a diverse range of currently incurable human diseases and disorders. To establish preclinical models for new therapeutic approaches, we demonstrate here that the mitochondrial genome can be efficiently replaced in mature non-human primate oocytes (Macaca mulatta) by spindle-chromosomal complex transfer from one egg to an enucleated, mitochondrial-replete egg. The reconstructed oocytes with the mitochondrial replacement were capable of supporting normal fertilization, embryo development and produced healthy offspring. Genetic analysis confirmed that nuclear DNA in the three infants born so far originated from the spindle donors whereas mtDNA came from the cytoplast donors. No contribution of spindle donor mtDNA was detected in offspring. Spindle replacement is shown here as an efficient protocol replacing the full complement of mitochondria in newly generated embryonic stem cell lines. This approach may offer a reproductive option to prevent mtDNA disease transmission in affected families.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachibana, Masahito -- Sparman, Michelle -- Sritanaudomchai, Hathaitip -- Ma, Hong -- Clepper, Lisa -- Woodward, Joy -- Li, Ying -- Ramsey, Cathy -- Kolotushkina, Olena -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- P01 HD047675/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-01A17045/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486766/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486775/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486819/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496038/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496045/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496074/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496136/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496137/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121-01A2/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632-10/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):367-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08368. Epub 2009 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon National Primate Research Center, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genes, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Macaca mulatta/embryology/*genetics ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/prevention & control ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-27
    Beschreibung: Protein design provides a rigorous test of our knowledge about proteins and allows the creation of novel enzymes for biotechnological applications. Whereas progress has been made in designing proteins that mimic native proteins structurally, it is more difficult to design functional proteins. In comparison to recent successes in designing non-metalloproteins, it is even more challenging to rationally design metalloproteins that reproduce both the structure and function of native metalloenzymes. This is because protein metal-binding sites are much more varied than non-metal-containing sites, in terms of different metal ion oxidation states, preferred geometry and metal ion ligand donor sets. Because of their variability, it has been difficult to predict metal-binding site properties in silico, as many of the parameters, such as force fields, are ill-defined. Therefore, the successful design of a structural and functional metalloprotein would greatly advance the field of protein design and our understanding of enzymes. Here we report a successful, rational design of a structural and functional model of a metalloprotein, nitric oxide reductase (NOR), by introducing three histidines and one glutamate, predicted as ligands in the active site of NOR, into the distal pocket of myoglobin. A crystal structure of the designed protein confirms that the minimized computer model contains a haem/non-haem Fe(B) centre that is remarkably similar to that in the crystal structure. This designed protein also exhibits NO reduction activity, and so models both the structure and function of NOR, offering insight that the active site glutamate is required for both iron binding and activity. These results show that structural and functional metalloproteins can be rationally designed in silico.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297211/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297211/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeung, Natasha -- Lin, Ying-Wu -- Gao, Yi-Gui -- Zhao, Xuan -- Russell, Brandy S -- Lei, Lanyu -- Miner, Kyle D -- Robinson, Howard -- Lu, Yi -- GM062211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1079-82. doi: 10.1038/nature08620. Epub 2009 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Crystallization ; Iron/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Myoglobin/chemistry ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kell, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):669. doi: 10.1038/460669e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Manchester, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism ; Ferritins/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism ; Iron/chemistry/*metabolism ; PrPSc Proteins/*metabolism ; Prion Diseases/*metabolism ; Scrapie/metabolism ; Systems Biology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 67
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-04
    Beschreibung: The ability to produce stem cells by induced pluripotency (iPS reprogramming) has rekindled an interest in earlier studies showing that transcription factors can directly convert specialized cells from one lineage to another. Lineage reprogramming has become a powerful tool to study cell fate choice during differentiation, akin to inducing mutations for the discovery of gene functions. The lessons learnt provide a rubric for how cells may be manipulated for therapeutic purposes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graf, Thomas -- Enver, Tariq -- MC_U137973817/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):587-94. doi: 10.1038/nature08533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomic Regulation and ICREA, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. thomas.graf@crg.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage/*physiology ; Cellular Reprogramming/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Regulatory Networks/physiology ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-16
    Beschreibung: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is as prevalent as cancer in industrialized nations. Most blindness in AMD results from invasion of the retina by choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Here we show that the eosinophil/mast cell chemokine receptor CCR3 is specifically expressed in choroidal neovascular endothelial cells in humans with AMD, and that despite the expression of its ligands eotaxin-1, -2 and -3, neither eosinophils nor mast cells are present in human CNV. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of CCR3 or eotaxins inhibited injury-induced CNV in mice. CNV suppression by CCR3 blockade was due to direct inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and was uncoupled from inflammation because it occurred in mice lacking eosinophils or mast cells, and was independent of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment. CCR3 blockade was more effective at reducing CNV than vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) neutralization, which is in clinical use at present, and, unlike VEGF-A blockade, is not toxic to the mouse retina. In vivo imaging with CCR3-targeting quantum dots located spontaneous CNV invisible to standard fluorescein angiography in mice before retinal invasion. CCR3 targeting might reduce vision loss due to AMD through early detection and therapeutic angioinhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Atsunobu -- Baffi, Judit Z -- Kleinman, Mark E -- Cho, Won Gil -- Nozaki, Miho -- Yamada, Kiyoshi -- Kaneko, Hiroki -- Albuquerque, Romulo J C -- Dridi, Sami -- Saito, Kuniharu -- Raisler, Brian J -- Budd, Steven J -- Geisen, Pete -- Munitz, Ariel -- Ambati, Balamurali K -- Green, Martha G -- Ishibashi, Tatsuro -- Wright, John D -- Humbles, Alison A -- Gerard, Craig J -- Ogura, Yuichiro -- Pan, Yuzhen -- Smith, Justine R -- Grisanti, Salvatore -- Hartnett, M Elizabeth -- Rothenberg, Marc E -- Ambati, Jayakrishna -- AI039759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45898/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY010572/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015130/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017011/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017182/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017950/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):225-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08151. Epub 2009 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL11/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL24/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Choroid/blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Ligands ; Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Quantum Dots ; Receptors, CCR3/analysis/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retina/drug effects/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-30
    Beschreibung: One of the most distinctive steps in the development of the vertebrate nervous system occurs at mitotic exit when cells lose multipotency and begin to develop stable connections that will persist for a lifetime. This transition is accompanied by a switch in ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling mechanisms that appears to coincide with the final mitotic division of neurons. This switch involves the exchange of the BAF53a (also known as ACTL6a) and BAF45a (PHF10) subunits within Swi/Snf-like neural-progenitor-specific BAF (npBAF) complexes for the homologous BAF53b (ACTL6b) and BAF45b (DPF1) subunits within neuron-specific BAF (nBAF) complexes in post-mitotic neurons. The subunits of the npBAF complex are essential for neural-progenitor proliferation, and mice with reduced dosage for the genes encoding its subunits have defects in neural-tube closure similar to those in human spina bifida, one of the most serious congenital birth defects. In contrast, BAF53b and the nBAF complex are essential for an evolutionarily conserved program of post-mitotic neural development and dendritic morphogenesis. Here we show that this essential transition is mediated by repression of BAF53a by miR-9* and miR-124. We find that BAF53a repression is mediated by sequences in the 3' untranslated region corresponding to the recognition sites for miR-9* and miR-124, which are selectively expressed in post-mitotic neurons. Mutation of these sites led to persistent expression of BAF53a and defective activity-dependent dendritic outgrowth in neurons. In addition, overexpression of miR-9* and miR-124 in neural progenitors caused reduced proliferation. Previous studies have indicated that miR-9* and miR-124 are repressed by the repressor-element-1-silencing transcription factor (REST, also known as NRSF). Indeed, expression of REST in post-mitotic neurons led to derepression of BAF53a, indicating that REST-mediated repression of microRNAs directs the essential switch of chromatin regulatory complexes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921580/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921580/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoo, Andrew S -- Staahl, Brett T -- Chen, Lei -- Crabtree, Gerald R -- 2 T32 HD007249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- AI060037/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD55391/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055391/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 30;460(7255):642-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08139. Epub 2009 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19561591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Actins/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Mitosis ; Nervous System/cytology/*embryology ; Neurons/cytology ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Stem Cells/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-13
    Beschreibung: Evolutionary biologists have long sought to understand the relationship between microevolution (adaptation), which can be observed both in nature and in the laboratory, and macroevolution (speciation and the origin of the divisions of the taxonomic hierarchy above the species level, and the development of complex organs), which cannot be witnessed because it occurs over intervals that far exceed the human lifespan. The connection between these processes is also a major source of conflict between science and religious belief. Biologists often forget that Charles Darwin offered a way of resolving this issue, and his proposal is ripe for re-evaluation in the light of recent research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reznick, David N -- Ricklefs, Robert E -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):837-42. doi: 10.1038/nature07894.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. gupy@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Speciation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-28
    Beschreibung: Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the western world. The heart has little regenerative capacity after damage, leading to much interest in understanding the factors required to produce new cardiac myocytes. Despite a robust understanding of the molecular networks regulating cardiac differentiation, no single transcription factor or combination of factors has been shown to activate the cardiac gene program de novo in mammalian cells or tissues. Here we define the minimal requirements for transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to cardiac myocytes. We show that two cardiac transcription factors, Gata4 and Tbx5, and a cardiac-specific subunit of BAF chromatin-remodelling complexes, Baf60c (also called Smarcd3), can direct ectopic differentiation of mouse mesoderm into beating cardiomyocytes, including the normally non-cardiogenic posterior mesoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm of the amnion. Gata4 with Baf60c initiated ectopic cardiac gene expression. Addition of Tbx5 allowed differentiation into contracting cardiomyocytes and repression of non-cardiac mesodermal genes. Baf60c was essential for the ectopic cardiogenic activity of Gata4 and Tbx5, partly by permitting binding of Gata4 to cardiac genes, indicating a novel instructive role for BAF complexes in tissue-specific regulation. The combined function of these factors establishes a robust mechanism for controlling cellular differentiation, and may allow reprogramming of new cardiomyocytes for regenerative purposes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728356/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728356/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeuchi, Jun K -- Bruneau, Benoit G -- C06 RR018928/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL085860/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL085860-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL085860/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):708-11. doi: 10.1038/nature08039. Epub 2009 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. takeuchi.j.ab@m.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Embryo, Mammalian ; GATA4 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Mesoderm/cytology/*embryology ; Mice ; Muscle Proteins ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822621/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822621/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunet, Anne -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):713-4. doi: 10.1038/458713a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; *Caloric Restriction ; Humans ; Insulin/physiology ; Neoplasms/*diet therapy ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-10
    Beschreibung: Preventing and delaying the emergence of drug resistance is an essential goal of antimalarial drug development. Monotherapy and highly mutable drug targets have each facilitated resistance, and both are undesirable in effective long-term strategies against multi-drug-resistant malaria. Haem remains an immutable and vulnerable target, because it is not parasite-encoded and its detoxification during haemoglobin degradation, critical to parasite survival, can be subverted by drug-haem interaction as in the case of quinolines and many other drugs. Here we describe a new antimalarial chemotype that combines the haem-targeting character of acridones, together with a chemosensitizing component that counteracts resistance to quinoline antimalarial drugs. Beyond the essential intrinsic characteristics common to deserving candidate antimalarials (high potency in vitro against pan-sensitive and multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, efficacy and safety in vivo after oral administration, inexpensive synthesis and favourable physicochemical properties), our initial lead, T3.5 (3-chloro-6-(2-diethylamino-ethoxy)-10-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-acridone), demonstrates unique synergistic properties. In addition to 'verapamil-like' chemosensitization to chloroquine and amodiaquine against quinoline-resistant parasites, T3.5 also results in an apparently mechanistically distinct synergism with quinine and with piperaquine. This synergy, evident in both quinoline-sensitive and quinoline-resistant parasites, has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this innovative acridone design merges intrinsic potency and resistance-counteracting functions in one molecule, and represents a new strategy to expand, enhance and sustain effective antimalarial drug combinations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Jane X -- Smilkstein, Martin J -- Brun, Reto -- Wittlin, Sergio -- Cooper, Roland A -- Lane, Kristin D -- Janowsky, Aaron -- Johnson, Robert A -- Dodean, Rozalia A -- Winter, Rolf -- Hinrichs, David J -- Riscoe, Michael K -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):270-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07937. Epub 2009 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. kellyja@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19357645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acridones/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Antimalarials/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance/drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Heme/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Plasmodium yoelii/drug effects ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Quinine/pharmacology ; Quinolines/pharmacology ; Trophozoites/metabolism ; Verapamil/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-21
    Beschreibung: Activity is thought to guide the patterning of synaptic connections in the developing nervous system. Specifically, differences in the activity of converging inputs are thought to cause the elimination of synapses from less active inputs and increase connectivity with more active inputs. Here we present findings that challenge the generality of this notion and offer a new view of the role of activity in synapse development. To imbalance neurotransmission from different sets of inputs in vivo, we generated transgenic mice in which ON but not OFF types of bipolar cells in the retina express tetanus toxin (TeNT). During development, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) select between ON and OFF bipolar cell inputs (ON or OFF RGCs) or establish a similar number of synapses with both on separate dendritic arborizations (ON-OFF RGCs). In TeNT retinas, ON RGCs correctly selected the silenced ON bipolar cell inputs over the transmitting OFF bipolar cells, but were connected with them through fewer synapses at maturity. Time-lapse imaging revealed that this was caused by a reduced rate of synapse formation rather than an increase in synapse elimination. Similarly, TeNT-expressing ON bipolar cell axons generated fewer presynaptic active zones. The remaining active zones often recruited multiple, instead of single, synaptic ribbons. ON-OFF RGCs in TeNT mice maintained convergence of ON and OFF bipolar cells inputs and had fewer synapses on their ON arbor without changes to OFF arbor synapses. Our results reveal an unexpected and remarkably selective role for activity in circuit development in vivo, regulating synapse formation but not elimination, affecting synapse number but not dendritic or axonal patterning, and mediating independently the refinement of connections from parallel (ON and OFF) processing streams even where they converge onto the same postsynaptic cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerschensteiner, Daniel -- Morgan, Josh L -- Parker, Edward D -- Lewis, Renate M -- Wong, Rachel O L -- EY01730/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10699/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY010699/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY010699-16/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 EY07031/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1016-20. doi: 10.1038/nature08236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. KerschensteinerD@vision.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Retinal Bipolar Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology ; Tetanus Toxin/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-13
    Beschreibung: Behavioural responses to wind are thought to have a critical role in controlling the dispersal and population genetics of wild Drosophila species, as well as their navigation in flight, but their underlying neurobiological basis is unknown. We show that Drosophila melanogaster, like wild-caught Drosophila strains, exhibits robust wind-induced suppression of locomotion in response to air currents delivered at speeds normally encountered in nature. Here we identify wind-sensitive neurons in Johnston's organ, an antennal mechanosensory structure previously implicated in near-field sound detection (reviewed in refs 5 and 6). Using enhancer trap lines targeted to different subsets of Johnston's organ neurons, and a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we show that wind and near-field sound (courtship song) activate distinct populations of Johnston's organ neurons, which project to different regions of the antennal and mechanosensory motor centre in the central brain. Selective genetic ablation of wind-sensitive Johnston's organ neurons in the antenna abolishes wind-induced suppression of locomotion behaviour, without impairing hearing. Moreover, different neuronal subsets within the wind-sensitive population respond to different directions of arista deflection caused by air flow and project to different regions of the antennal and mechanosensory motor centre, providing a rudimentary map of wind direction in the brain. Importantly, sound- and wind-sensitive Johnston's organ neurons exhibit different intrinsic response properties: the former are phasically activated by small, bi-directional, displacements of the aristae, whereas the latter are tonically activated by unidirectional, static deflections of larger magnitude. These different intrinsic properties are well suited to the detection of oscillatory pulses of near-field sound and laminar air flow, respectively. These data identify wind-sensitive neurons in Johnston's organ, a structure that has been primarily associated with hearing, and reveal how the brain can distinguish different types of air particle movements using a common sensory organ.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755041/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755041/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yorozu, Suzuko -- Wong, Allan -- Fischer, Brian J -- Dankert, Heiko -- Kernan, Maurice J -- Kamikouchi, Azusa -- Ito, Kei -- Anderson, David J -- R01 DC002780/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007737/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007737-30/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):201-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. yorozu@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Air Movements ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena/physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-11
    Beschreibung: Infectious prion diseases-scrapie of sheep and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of several species in the deer family-are transmitted naturally within affected host populations. Although several possible sources of contagion have been identified in excretions and secretions from symptomatic animals, the biological importance of these sources in sustaining epidemics remains unclear. Here we show that asymptomatic CWD-infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) excrete CWD prions in their faeces long before they develop clinical signs of prion disease. Intracerebral inoculation of irradiated deer faeces into transgenic mice overexpressing cervid prion protein (PrP) revealed infectivity in 14 of 15 faecal samples collected from five deer at 7-11 months before the onset of neurological disease. Although prion concentrations in deer faeces were considerably lower than in brain tissue from the same deer collected at the end of the disease, the estimated total infectious dose excreted in faeces by an infected deer over the disease course may approximate the total contained in a brain. Prolonged faecal prion excretion by infected deer provides a plausible natural mechanism that might explain the high incidence and efficient horizontal transmission of CWD within deer herds, as well as prion transmission among other susceptible cervids.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3186440/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3186440/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamguney, Gultekin -- Miller, Michael W -- Wolfe, Lisa L -- Sirochman, Tracey M -- Glidden, David V -- Palmer, Christina -- Lemus, Azucena -- DeArmond, Stephen J -- Prusiner, Stanley B -- AG02132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG002132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG002132-26/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG002132-29/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):529-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08289. Epub 2009 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/metabolism ; Deer/*metabolism ; Feces/*chemistry ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; PrPSc Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism/*pathogenicity/radiation ; effects ; Time Factors ; Wasting Disease, Chronic/*metabolism/*transmission
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-04
    Beschreibung: Dietary restriction extends healthy lifespan in diverse organisms and reduces fecundity. It is widely assumed to induce adaptive reallocation of nutrients from reproduction to somatic maintenance, aiding survival of food shortages in nature. If this were the case, long life under dietary restriction and high fecundity under full feeding would be mutually exclusive, through competition for the same limiting nutrients. Here we report a test of this idea in which we identified the nutrients producing the responses of lifespan and fecundity to dietary restriction in Drosophila. Adding essential amino acids to the dietary restriction condition increased fecundity and decreased lifespan, similar to the effects of full feeding, with other nutrients having little or no effect. However, methionine alone was necessary and sufficient to increase fecundity as much as did full feeding, but without reducing lifespan. Reallocation of nutrients therefore does not explain the responses to dietary restriction. Lifespan was decreased by the addition of amino acids, with an interaction between methionine and other essential amino acids having a key role. Hence, an imbalance in dietary amino acids away from the ratio optimal for reproduction shortens lifespan during full feeding and limits fecundity during dietary restriction. Reduced activity of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway extends lifespan in diverse organisms, and we find that it also protects against the shortening of lifespan with full feeding. In other organisms, including mammals, it may be possible to obtain the benefits to lifespan of dietary restriction without incurring a reduction in fecundity, through a suitable balance of nutrients in the diet.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grandison, Richard C -- Piper, Matthew D W -- Partridge, Linda -- 081394/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1061-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08619. Epub 2009 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Diet ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; Insulin/metabolism ; Longevity/*physiology ; Methionine/metabolism ; Oviposition/physiology ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mellars, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):176-7. doi: 10.1038/459176a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Archaeology ; Female ; Germany ; History, Ancient ; Horns/chemistry ; Humans ; Sculpture/*history ; Sex Characteristics ; Symbolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khalil, Ahmad M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):263. doi: 10.1038/458263f.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; *Models, Genetic ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Ribonuclease III/deficiency ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tammaro, Paolo -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):11. doi: 10.1038/458011e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Manchester, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Nitrates/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766277/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766277/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimoto, Momoko -- Yoder, Mervin C -- R01 AI080759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080759-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):801-3. doi: 10.1038/457801a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blood Cells/*cytology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/embryology ; Hemangioblasts/*cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Mice
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Maria -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):182-3. doi: 10.1038/460182a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chemokine CCL11/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL24/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Choroid/blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/metabolism ; Inflammation ; Macular Degeneration/diagnosis/*metabolism/therapy ; Mice ; Receptors, CCR3/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-02
    Beschreibung: Cooperative social systems are susceptible to cheating by individuals that reap the benefits of cooperation without incurring the costs. There are various theoretical mechanisms for the repression of cheating and many have been tested experimentally. One possibility that has not been tested rigorously is the evolution of mutations that confer resistance to cheating. Here we show that the presence of a cheater in a population of randomly mutated social amoebae can select for cheater-resistance. Furthermore, we show that this cheater-resistance can be a noble strategy because the resister strain does not necessarily exploit other strains. Thus, the evolution of resisters may be instrumental in preserving cooperative behaviour in the face of cheating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khare, Anupama -- Santorelli, Lorenzo A -- Strassmann, Joan E -- Queller, David C -- Kuspa, Adam -- Shaulsky, Gad -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):980-2. doi: 10.1038/nature08472. Epub 2009 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cooperative Behavior ; Dictyostelium/genetics/*physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Protozoan/genetics ; *Models, Biological ; Mutation/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Social Behavior ; Spores, Protozoan/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Alice M -- Colpaert, Francis C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):533. doi: 10.1038/457533a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amphetamines/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Animals ; *Biomedical Enhancement ; Cognition/*drug effects/physiology ; *Health ; Humans ; Mental Recall/*drug effects/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graves, Jennifer A Marshall -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):177-8. doi: 10.1038/461177a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/*genetics/*physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Ovary/embryology/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Testis/embryology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Larry J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):148. doi: 10.1038/457148a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. lyoun03@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arvicolinae/genetics/physiology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Love ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics/metabolism ; Sexual Behavior/drug effects/physiology ; Vasopressins/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riley, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1061. doi: 10.1038/4601061e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University College London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; Fishes/*physiology ; Mice ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Neuregulin-1/*pharmacology ; Regeneration/*drug effects ; Salamandridae/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-29
    Beschreibung: Activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by chromosomal translocations or point mutations is a frequent event in haematological malignancies. JAK2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates several cellular processes by inducing cytoplasmic signalling cascades. Here we show that human JAK2 is present in the nucleus of haematopoietic cells and directly phosphorylates Tyr 41 (Y41) on histone H3. Heterochromatin protein 1alpha (HP1alpha), but not HP1beta, specifically binds to this region of H3 through its chromo-shadow domain. Phosphorylation of H3Y41 by JAK2 prevents this binding. Inhibition of JAK2 activity in human leukaemic cells decreases both the expression of the haematopoietic oncogene lmo2 and the phosphorylation of H3Y41 at its promoter, while simultaneously increasing the binding of HP1alpha at the same site. Tauhese results identify a previously unrecognized nuclear role for JAK2 in the phosphorylation of H3Y41 and reveal a direct mechanistic link between two genes, jak2 and lmo2, involved in normal haematopoiesis and leukaemia.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3785147/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3785147/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Mark A -- Bannister, Andrew J -- Gottgens, Berthold -- Foster, Samuel D -- Bartke, Till -- Green, Anthony R -- Kouzarides, Tony -- 089957/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 12765/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1102/2/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):819-22. doi: 10.1038/nature08448. Epub 2009 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Chromatin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/enzymology ; Histones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Leukemia/enzymology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Metalloproteins/genetics ; Mice ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daw, Rosamund -- Tonzani, Stefano -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):425. doi: 10.1038/462425a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/metabolism/therapeutic use ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; Humans
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-11
    Beschreibung: It is widely accepted that tissue differentiation and morphogenesis in multicellular organisms are regulated by tightly controlled concentration gradients of morphogens. How exactly these gradients are formed, however, remains unclear. Here we show that Fgf8 morphogen gradients in living zebrafish embryos are established and maintained by two essential factors: fast, free diffusion of single molecules away from the source through extracellular space, and a sink function of the receiving cells, regulated by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Evidence is provided by directly examining single molecules of Fgf8 in living tissue by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, quantifying their local mobility and concentration with high precision. By changing the degree of uptake of Fgf8 into its target cells, we are able to alter the shape of the Fgf8 gradient. Our results demonstrate that a freely diffusing morphogen can set up concentration gradients in a complex multicellular tissue by a simple source-sink mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Shuizi Rachel -- Burkhardt, Markus -- Nowak, Matthias -- Ries, Jonas -- Petrasek, Zdenek -- Scholpp, Steffen -- Schwille, Petra -- Brand, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):533-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08391. Epub 2009 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics, Biotechnology Center, TUD, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Diffusion ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gastrulation ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis/*physiology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/*metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-06
    Beschreibung: Recent studies indicate that the methylation state of histones can be dynamically regulated by histone methyltransferases and demethylases. The H3K9-specific demethylase Jhdm2a (also known as Jmjd1a and Kdm3a) has an important role in nuclear hormone receptor-mediated gene activation and male germ cell development. Through disruption of the Jhdm2a gene in mice, here we demonstrate that Jhdm2a is critically important in regulating the expression of metabolic genes. The loss of Jhdm2a function results in obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice. We provide evidence that the loss of Jhdm2a function disrupts beta-adrenergic-stimulated glycerol release and oxygen consumption in brown fat, and decreases fat oxidation and glycerol release in skeletal muscles. We show that Jhdm2a expression is induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation, and that Jhdm2a directly regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara) and Ucp1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that beta-adrenergic activation-induced binding of Jhdm2a to the PPAR responsive element (PPRE) of the Ucp1 gene not only decreases levels of H3K9me2 (dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone H3) at the PPRE, but also facilitates the recruitment of Ppargamma and Rxralpha and their co-activators Pgc1alpha (also known as Ppargc1a), CBP/p300 (Crebbp) and Src1 (Ncoa1) to the PPRE. Our studies thus demonstrate an essential role for Jhdm2a in regulating metabolic gene expression and normal weight control in mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085783/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085783/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tateishi, Keisuke -- Okada, Yuki -- Kallin, Eric M -- Zhang, Yi -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):757-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07777. Epub 2009 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Energy Metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mettenleiter, Thomas C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):571. doi: 10.1038/458571d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19340058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Academies and Institutes/standards ; Animal Welfare/standards ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Biomedical Research ; Germany ; Housing, Animal/*standards/*trends
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-24
    Beschreibung: Mammals rely heavily on olfaction to interact adequately with each other and with their environment. They make use of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors to identify odorants and pheromones. These receptors are present on dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons located in the main olfactory or vomeronasal sensory epithelia, and pertain to the odorant, trace amine-associated receptor and vomeronasal type 1 (ref. 4) or 2 (refs 5-7) receptor superfamilies. Whether these four sensor classes represent the complete olfactory molecular repertoire used by mammals to make sense of the outside world is unknown. Here we report the expression of formyl peptide receptor-related genes by vomeronasal sensory neurons, in multiple mammalian species. Similar to the four known olfactory receptor gene classes, these genes encode seven-transmembrane proteins, and are characterized by monogenic transcription and a punctate expression pattern in the sensory neuroepithelium. In vitro expression of mouse formyl peptide receptor-like 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 provides sensitivity to disease/inflammation-related ligands. Establishing an in situ approach that combines whole-mount vomeronasal preparations with dendritic calcium imaging in the intact neuroepithelium, we show neuronal responses to the same molecules, which therefore represent a new class of vomeronasal agonists. Taken together, these results suggest that formyl peptide receptor-like proteins have an olfactory function associated with the identification of pathogens, or of pathogenic states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riviere, Stephane -- Challet, Ludivine -- Fluegge, Daniela -- Spehr, Marc -- Rodriguez, Ivan -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):574-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, and National Center of Competence Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19387439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Line ; Dendrites/drug effects/metabolism ; *Disease ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Olfactory Perception/drug effects/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Smell/drug effects/*physiology ; Vomeronasal Organ/*cytology/drug effects/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchen, Lizzie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):562-4. doi: 10.1038/462562a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Behavioral Research/*instrumentation/methods ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Software ; Video Recording/instrumentation/methods
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    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-18
    Beschreibung: Molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or placental growth factor-critical regulators of tumour angiogenesis-are also thought to mobilize into blood circulation bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which may subsequently be recruited to tumours and facilitate tumour growth and metastasis. A study has suggested that BMDCs form 'metastatic niches' in lungs before arrival of cancer cells, and showed that pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1, also known as Flt1)-cognate receptor for VEGF and placental growth factor-prevented BMDC infiltration in lungs and 'metastatic niche' formation. Here we report that blockade of VEGFR1 activity does not affect the rate of spontaneous metastasis formation in a clinically relevant and widely used preclinical model. Therefore, alternative pathways probably mediate the priming of tissues for metastasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Michelle R -- Duda, Dan G -- Fukumura, Dai -- Jain, Rakesh K -- P01 CA080124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA080124-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA080124-06A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA080124-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA080124-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA080124-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085140-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085140-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085140-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085140-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915-06A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096915-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115767-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115767-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115767-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115767-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA126642/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA126642-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA126642-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R24 CA085140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R24 CA085140-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479-11/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA073479-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):E4; discussion E5. doi: 10.1038/nature08254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Movement ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/*secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/*pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-01
    Beschreibung: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (OCT4 (also called POU5F1), SOX2, c-Myc and KLF4). We previously reported that Oct4 alone is sufficient to reprogram directly adult mouse neural stem cells to iPS cells. Here we report the generation of one-factor human iPS cells from human fetal neural stem cells (one-factor (1F) human NiPS cells) by ectopic expression of OCT4 alone. One-factor human NiPS cells resemble human embryonic stem cells in global gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, as well as pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the transcription factor OCT4 is sufficient to reprogram human neural stem cells to pluripotency. One-factor iPS cell generation will advance the field further towards understanding reprogramming and generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Greber, Boris -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Meyer, Johann -- Park, Kook In -- Zaehres, Holm -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):649-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19718018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fetus/*cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Germ Layers/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-11
    Beschreibung: Neurons in the mammalian neocortex are organized into functional columns. Within a column, highly specific synaptic connections are formed to ensure that similar physiological properties are shared by neuron ensembles spanning from the pia to the white matter. Recent studies indicate that synaptic connectivity in the neocortex is sparse and highly specific to allow even adjacent neurons to convey information independently. How this fine-scale microcircuit is constructed to create a functional columnar architecture at the level of individual neurons largely remains a mystery. Here we investigate whether radial clones of excitatory neurons arising from the same mother cell in the developing neocortex serve as a substrate for the formation of this highly specific microcircuit. We labelled ontogenetic radial clones of excitatory neurons in the mouse neocortex by in utero intraventricular injection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing retroviruses around the onset of the peak phase of neocortical neurogenesis. Multiple-electrode whole-cell recordings were performed to probe synapse formation among these EGFP-labelled sister excitatory neurons in radial clones and the adjacent non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional preference as those observed in the mature neocortex. These results indicate that specific microcircuits develop preferentially within ontogenetic radial clones of excitatory neurons in the developing neocortex and contribute to the emergence of functional columnar microarchitectures in the mature neocortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727717/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727717/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Yong-Chun -- Bultje, Ronald S -- Wang, Xiaoqun -- Shi, Song-Hai -- AS5274/Autism Speaks/ -- R01 DA024681/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA024681-01A1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH083624/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH083624-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):501-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07722. Epub 2009 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, 1275 York Avenue, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19204731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Clone Cells/cytology ; Mice ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology/*metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: The principal tumour-suppressor protein, p53, accumulates in cells in response to DNA damage, oncogene activation and other stresses. It acts as a nuclear transcription factor that transactivates genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and numerous other processes. An emerging area of research unravels additional activities of p53 in the cytoplasm, where it triggers apoptosis and inhibits autophagy. These previously unknown functions contribute to the mission of p53 as a tumour suppressor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814168/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814168/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Douglas R -- Kroemer, Guido -- P01 CA069381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA069381-140010/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI040646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI040646-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI044828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI044828-12/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047891/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047891-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM052735/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM052735-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1127-30. doi: 10.1038/nature07986.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. douglas.green@stjude.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-23
    Beschreibung: NF-kappaB transcription factors function as crucial regulators of inflammatory and immune responses as well as of cell survival. They have also been implicated in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. However, despite extensive biochemical characterization of NF-kappaB signalling during the past twenty years, the requirement for NF-kappaB in tumour development in vivo, particularly in solid tumours, is not completely understood. Here we show that the NF-kappaB pathway is required for the development of tumours in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Concomitant loss of p53 (also known as Trp53) and expression of oncogenic Kras(G12D) resulted in NF-kappaB activation in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Conversely, in lung tumour cell lines expressing Kras(G12D) and lacking p53, p53 restoration led to NF-kappaB inhibition. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-kappaB signalling induced apoptosis in p53-null lung cancer cell lines. Inhibition of the pathway in lung tumours in vivo, from the time of tumour initiation or after tumour progression, resulted in significantly reduced tumour development. Together, these results indicate a critical function for NF-kappaB signalling in lung tumour development and, further, that this requirement depends on p53 status. These findings also provide support for the development of NF-kappaB inhibitory drugs as targeted therapies for the treatment of patients with defined mutations in Kras and p53.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780341/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780341/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meylan, Etienne -- Dooley, Alison L -- Feldser, David M -- Shen, Lynn -- Turk, Erin -- Ouyang, Chensi -- Jacks, Tyler -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051-38/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):104-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08462. Epub 2009 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Department of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenocarcinoma/*metabolism/*pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/metabolism ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, p53/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-07
    Beschreibung: The versatility of Ca2+ signals derives from their spatio-temporal organization. For Ca2+ signals initiated by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), this requires local interactions between InsP3 receptors (InsP3Rs) mediated by their rapid stimulation and slower inhibition by cytosolic Ca2+. This allows hierarchical recruitment of Ca2+ release events as the InsP3 concentration increases. Single InsP3Rs respond first, then clustered InsP3Rs open together giving a local 'Ca2+ puff', and as puffs become more frequent they ignite regenerative Ca2+ waves. Using nuclear patch-clamp recording, here we demonstrate that InsP3Rs are initially randomly distributed with an estimated separation of 1 m. Low concentrations of InsP3 cause InsP3Rs to aggregate rapidly and reversibly into small clusters of about four closely associated InsP3Rs. At resting cytosolic [Ca2+], clustered InsP3Rs open independently, but with lower open probability, shorter open time, and less InsP3 sensitivity than lone InsP3Rs. Increasing cytosolic [Ca2+] reverses the inhibition caused by clustering, InsP3R gating becomes coupled, and the duration of multiple openings is prolonged. Clustering both exposes InsP3Rs to local Ca2+ rises and increases the effects of Ca2+. Dynamic regulation of clustering by InsP3 retunes InsP3R sensitivity to InsP3 and Ca2+, facilitating hierarchical recruitment of the elementary events that underlie all InsP3-evoked Ca2+ signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taufiq-Ur-Rahman -- Skupin, Alexander -- Falcke, Martin -- Taylor, Colin W -- 085295/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BBE0046601/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):655-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07763.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19348050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/*metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Transport ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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