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  • 1
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    Journal club. A geneticist views two theories of X-chromosome inactivation in a broad context (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khalil, Ahmad M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):263. doi: 10.1038/458263f.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Models, Genetic ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Ribonuclease III/deficiency ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    B cell receptor signal transduction in the GC is short-circuited by high phosphatase activity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Germinal centers (GCs) generate memory B and plasma cells, which are essential for long-lived humoral immunity. GC B cells with high-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) are selectively expanded. To enable this selection, BCRs of such cells are thought to signal differently from those with lower affinity. We show that, surprisingly, most proliferating GC B cells did not demonstrate active BCR signaling. Rather, spontaneous and induced signaling was limited by increased phosphatase activity. Accordingly, both SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SH2 domain-containing inositol 5 phosphatase were hyperphosphorylated in GC cells and remained colocalized with BCRs after ligation. Furthermore, SHP-1 was required for GC maintenance. Intriguingly, GC B cells in the cell-cycle G(2) period regained responsiveness to BCR stimulation. These data have implications for how higher-affinity B cells are selected in the GC.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777391/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777391/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khalil, Ashraf M -- Cambier, John C -- Shlomchik, Mark J -- AI43603/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR44077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043603/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1178-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1213368. Epub 2012 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22555432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD79/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Down-Regulation ; Germinal Center/cytology/*immunology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*immunology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total solar radiation on vertical and inclined surfaces during cloudless days in the U.A.R. (1965)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 60 (1965), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Measurements of the total solar radiation at normal incidence, undertaken at Helwan Observatory, on every clear day and for a period of 10 years, have been studied in terms of the air mass and the sun's altitude. These measurements together with the data available in the literature on diffuse radiation, have led to the evaluation of the hourly rates of total solar radiation on vertical surfaces and south facing surfaces inclined to the horizontal at different tilt angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874825
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the performance of the flat plate solar heat collector (1965)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 60 (1965), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A flat plate heat collector was constructed for the purpose of heating water by solar energy. It was erected facing south, tilted to the horizontal at the optimum tilt angle, and tested under the weather conditions typical to the U.A.R., for the different rates of flow. It was found, for the dimensions of the collector (0.8 m2) that the best rate of flow is about 12 l/h and that the corresponding rise in the temperature of the flowing water is about 40° C. The overall heat transfer coefficient and the efficiency of the collector were investigated. On the average, when the rate of flow ranges between 5 and 12 l/h, the efficiency was found to be about 45 percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874826
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of algal concentration and body size on filtration and ingestion rates of the clam Tapes decussatus (L.) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The filtration and ingestion rates of Tapes decussatus (L.) (12.5-32.5 mm in size), collected from Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt in 1993, were determined in relation to food concentration and clam dry tissue weight. Suspensions of the unicellular green alga Dunaliella marina, in concentrations ranging from 103 to 105 cells ml-1, were provided as food. The filtration rate (F, ml h-1 clam -1) and the weight-specific filtration rate (F“, ml h-1 mg-1 dry tissue weight) generally decreased with increased algal concentration following the allometric equations F= 2736.8 W-0,183 and F’= 12.6 W-0.182 The amount of water filtered free of particles by a clam of 210 mg dry tissue weight was in the ratio 1:1.4:2.3 with decreasing algal concentrations at 105, 104 and 103 cells ml-1, respectively. In contrast, the ingestion rate (I, cells h-1 clam-1) and weight-specific ingestion rate (I“, cells h-1 mg-1 dry tissue weight), generally increased with increased algal cell concentration following the allometric equations I= 0.01 W0.87 and I= 0.005 W0.88, where W is the algal cell concentration per ml. When the clams were fed on 105 cells ml-1, F and I increased with increased body size following the equations F = 7.5 W0.74 and I“= 8.89 W0.63. Otherwise, F“ and I“ decreased with increased body size following the equations F“ 7.5 W-0.25 and I“ 698.6 W-0.36, where W is the dry tissue weight in mg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01294.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of inorganic fluoride in cultured rat bone marrow cells (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 60-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of sodium and potassium fluoride (NaF and KF) at concentrations ranging from 10−7 to 10−2 M for 12, 24, or 36 h on cultured rat bone marrow cells have been studied with respect to cytotoxicity and induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). At the three exposure times, cell survival progressively decreased with increasing concentrations. Treatment with 10−2 M fluoride resulted in a statistically significant death (62–65%) of cells. Similarly, no dividing cells were encountered at concentrations of 10−3 M and 10−2 M, and significant reductions in mitotic index (MI) were calculated at 10−4 M. In contrast, cell kinetics, expressed as cell proliferation index (CPI), revealed no significant inhibitory effect of fluoride on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the mean SCE score reached a maximum (7.64 SCE/cell) in the 24-h-treated cultures. This value was not significantly different from that observed in sodium chloride (NaCl) at 10−2 M (5.42 SCE/cell) and distilled water (4.86 SCE/cell) controls. In comparison, mitomycin-C (MMC, positive control) at 5×10−8 M caused an average of 22.13 SCE/cell. These results indicated an inhibition of cell division and death of cells with high doses of fluoride with no effect on SCE frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212794
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes from petroleum refinery workers (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 236-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the possible cytogenetic consequences of exposure of human populations to petrochemicals, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was studied in blood lymphocytes obtained from 233 persons working at different locations in a large oil refinery (184 exposed and 49 worksite controls) and from 47 individuals who served as community controls. Chromosomal aberrations occurred with frequencies (mean±SEM) between 0.023±0.013 and 0.037±0.011 breaks per cell (1.56±0.87% to 2.66±0.54% aberrant cells) in the exposed groups. These values, with the exception of those observed in two workshops (crude oil unloading as well as petroleum tanker washing and lubrication), were significant compared to the presumably spontaneous (control) levels (0.015±0.004 to 0.021±0.007 breaks per cell and 1.17±0.29% to 1.46±0.40% aberrant cells). Cigarette-smoking was not associated with increased chromosomal aberrations in the exposed and in the control groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217622
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Related surface and heat of immersion characterization of some alumina samples (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 5698-5702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract MnCl2- and CuCl2-loaded aluminas were thermally treatedin vacuo in the temperature range 20–500 °C. The water loss, specific surface area from nitrogen adsorption measurements and the integral heat of immersion in water were determined for all the samples. The high-pressure hysteresis loop displayed in the adsorption isotherms, together with the limited increase in adsorption values near saturation indicate the dominance of mesopores in the tested samples, as also detected by theV a -t method of isotherm analysis. Changes in the slope ofV a -t plots suggests that the mesopores rather belong to narrow-ranged mesopore sizes, which are thus considered responsible for adsorption in thet-ranges of 0.5–0.7 and above 0.7 nm. The constancy ofV a(mlg−1) values abovet=1.2 nm points out the absence of effective capillary condensation in the high relative pressure region. Variations of BET-surface area and the reciprocal of average pore radius, ¯r−1 (nm−1), as functions of the heat-treatment temperature indicate that MnCl2-loaded samples display a higher thermal stability than CuCl2-loaded samples; the latter exhibit some aggregation cementation behaviour. At temperatures below 300 °C, the heat of immersion data are not as predicted from changes in water loss and surface-area parameters. Thus, MnCl2-loaded samples display lower heat of immersion values than the respective CuCl2-loaded samples, despite the higher BET areas of the former samples; an effect which may be tentatively interpreted in terms of the capability of the smaller sized Mn2+ ions to preserve more water molecules via such processes as complex formation, ion hydration and crystallization, which contribute to lowering the integral heat measured. This apparent discrepancy in the behaviour of integral heat of immersion (Jg−1) data with water loss (gg−1) at temperatures below 300°C is clarified by considering the change in the heat of immersion per unit area,h i (J m−2) with the temperature of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constituents of local plants. Part I. Chemical investigations on some cultivated Saudi Arabian plants (1978)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 28 (1978), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen von 49 Pflanzen aus 19 Familien (von Cactaceae bis Vitaceae) ergaben beträchtliche Unterschiede in der chemischen Zusammensetzung. Untersucht wurde auf: Alkaloide, Leucoanthocyanidine, Flavonoide, Terpene, Sterole, Cardiac Glycoside, Tannine, Coumarine, Steroid Sapogenine, Anthraquinone und Phlobatannine.
    Abstract: Résumé Des 49 échantillons des plantes appartenant aux 19 espèces (Cactaceae à Vitaceae) ont été examinées. Il y a des différences considérables concernant leur composition chimique, ici spécialement les analyses des alkaloids, leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids, terpenes, sterols, cardiac glycosides, tannins, coumarins, steroid sapogenins, anthraquinones et phlobatannins.
    Notes: Abstract The 49 plant samples tested correspond to 19 family (Cactaceae to Vitaceae) exhibited a considerable variation with respect to their chemical composition which embraced the analysis of alkaloids leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids, terpenes, steroles, cardiac glycosides, tannins, coumarins, steroid sapogenins, anthraquinones and phlobatannins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093949
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moiré-fringe measurement (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 13 (1973), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A simple technique and an apparatus layout, for measuring moiré-fringe spacings, used in conjunction with the moiré replica technique, are introduced. Results of measurements, using this new technique for evaluation grid spacings show an agreement of more than 99.9 percent between the actual grid spacing and those evaluated using the proposed apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02322622
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