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  • 1
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    The study and production of fish sauce from Caspian Sea lam fish with traditional fermentation method and microbe and enzyme adding method and identification of important bacteria (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19475 | 17408 | 2016-01-25 09:48:26 | 19475 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: Fish sauce is a popular fermented product used in south Asian countries which is made from different small fishes in this research work it was attempted to produce fish sauce from kilka of the Caspian sea, the fish sauce was made from three models of kilka ,such as whole kilka , cooked whole kilka and dressed kilka , each of these models treated it four different fashions of fermentation such as:1- Traditional method, 2- Enzymatic method 3- Microbial method, 4- Mixture of enzyme and microb The results of this investigation showed that time of fermentation for the traditional method was six month, enzymatic method one month, microbial method 3 month and the mixture of enzyme and microb 1 month. The rate of fermentation was least for dressed Kilka, microbial and biochemical changes of Kilka fish sauce were evaluated, total bacterial count was 2.1-6.15 log cfu/ml total volatile nitrogen (TVN) in samples recorded was 250 mg /100g, the amount of protein varied between 10-13 percent, the name of commercial enzymes added was Protamex and Flavourzyme, the bacteria added was L act ob acillus and Pediococous, fish sauce containers fish and 20% salt, temperature of keeping for fermentation was 37 degree c for 6 month.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: S. Moini Counsellors: A. keyvan, Gh. Vosoughi
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 2
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    Identification and measurement of fatty acids, amino acids in roe of tuna fish (Thunnus tonggol) and its TVB and peroxide value during cold storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19311 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:25:26 | 19311 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: The first aim of this research was to identify fatty acids, amino acids composition of Thunnustonggol roe and their changes during cold storage (-18'C). The second aim was to determinethe changes of moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the roe during one year cold storage(-18'C). 60 samples of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) ovaries were randomly collected formBandar-e-Abbas landings. The samples were frozen at-30'C and kept in cold store at -18'Cfor one year. According to a time table, the samples were examined for identification offatty acids, amino acids, moisture, protein, fat, ash, peroxide and T.V.N. and their changeswere evaluated during this time. The results showed that 26 fatty acids were identified. Theunsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 62.33 and 37.6%,respectively, in fresh roe. So that, DHA (C22:6) and oleic acid (C18:1) had high amounts(24.79 and 21.88%) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most content(22.75%) among the SFA. The PUFA/SFA was 0.91. Also, 17 amino acids were identifiedthat essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NE) were 10478 and 7562mg/100g, respectively, and E/NE was 1.38. Among the EAA and NE, lysine (2110mg/100g)and aspartic acid (1924 mg/100g) were the most contents. Also, results showed that moisture,ash, protein and fat contents were 72.74, 1.8, 19.88 and 4.53%, respectively, in fresh roe. Theeffects of freezing and cold storage on the roes showed that UFA and SFA contents havereached to 49.83 and 48.07%, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that thesecompounds change to each other during frozen storage. Also, n-3 and n-6 series of fattyacids were 32.75 and 1.61% in fresh roe. But their contents decreased to 22.96 and 1.25% atthe end of period. Among the fatty acids, 22:6 and C16:0 had the most changes. The changesof fatty acids were significantly at 95% level except for C15:1, C18:3(n-3) and C20:4(n-6).All of the amino acids decreased in frozen storage and their changes were significantly(P〈0.05). EAA was 7818 mg/100g and E/NE was 1.27 at the end of storage period. Amongthe amino acids, leucine and lysine had the most changes. Moisture, ash, protein and fatcontents were 70.13, 1.82, 19.4 and 6.51%, respectively, at the end of storage period. Theperoxide value and T.V.N. increased during storage. So that, their contents have reached to5.86 mg/kg and 26.37 mg/100 g, respectively, at the end of frozen storage. The best shelf lifeof Thunnus tonggol roe was 6 or 7 months, because of lipid oxidation and increasing ofperoxide.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: S. Moeini Counsellors: A. Keyvan, M. Yousefian
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 3
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    Study on the sustainability of FPC produced from Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis, C. grimmi and C. cultriventris) in two vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging at different environmental factors (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19301 | 17408 | 2016-02-01 21:14:27 | 19301 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy, sustainable and high nutritiveproduct which sanitized produced from fishes in which, protein and othernutrients are more concentrated than in fresh fishes.The aim of this research is to study on the sustainability of FPC producedfrom Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis , C. grimmi and C. cultriventris)in two Vaccum Packaging and Modified Atmosphere Packaging atdifferent environmental factors during six months.In our study the analysis of FPC protein showed 91.2%, lipid: 0.5%, ash:3.6%, moisture: 2.3%, Total Volatile Nitrogen: 10 ml/100gr andperoxide: 5meq/kg. Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined.Bacteria and Fungi were lower than 1000 colony. Samples are kept indifferent condition of temperature (5, 20 and 35 degree centigrade),humidity (25, 40 and 90 percent) and light and dark environment in sixmonth.Lipid rate in FPC after 6 months in VP and MAP (60% C02, 30 % N2 and10% O2), packages was decreased but was not significant (P〉0.05). It wasalso detected that increase temperature lead to more decrease in lipidcontent. Protein rate of FPC was decreased from 91.2% to 73.6% duringsix months at 35°C in VP Package and from 91.2% to 69.4% in MAPpackage. These changes were significant (P〈0.05). TVN and PV rate inFPC after 6 months in VP and MAP packages was increased but wassignificant (P〈0.05). Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined.But more changes in MAP packages was detected.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Abbas Ali Motalebi Counsellors: Wadud Rzvylar, Aliasghar Khanipoor. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Quantative and qualitive identification of the fatty acids in the mullet (Liza aurata), sever juga (Acipenser stellatus) and Persian sturgeon (A. persicus), considering of cold storing effects on them (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19474 | 17408 | 2016-01-25 09:45:47 | 19474 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: At the fishing season, in 2000, samples of species persian sturgeon (A. persicus), Severjuga (A. stellatus) and Mullet (L. aurata), were caught from the southern coasts of Caspian Sea and were freezes and preserved in the cold storage for one year They have also become biometery. The tissue's fillet were identified in order to determined the Fatty Acids. This was done during one year, frequently, fresh, two weeks after freezing and then monthly, respectively. So, after the extraction of lipids from the tissues and methylation, was injected to the gas-liquid Chromatography. After calibration, identified Fatty Acids were compared with standards according to their Retention Times. Peroxid value, lipid content and humidity were controlled. The unsaturated Fatty acids had The most amount, and a plenty of Polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA) were observed, so that linoleic (C18:2), a-linolenic (C18:3), Arashidonic (C20:4), EPA (C20:5) and DHA (C22:6) Fatty acids had high amounts. The w-3, PUFA were more in comparison with w-6. The effects of freezing and cold storing on the fish fatty acids , were evaluated by the statistical tests , like SPSS, Tukey, Homogenous and Anova, and showed that in some species, a group of Fatty acids, specially PUFA, had some variation. The peroxide value that indicates the lipid deterioration, increased during toring. So, the best term if preserving in the cold storage, were determined and their Nutrition value and Medical applications due to their consumption were investigated.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Sohrab Moeini Counsellors: Amin Keyvan, Mehdi Yousefian
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Application of whey protein incorporation with Cinnamon oil as a preservative in Huse huso fillet under chilled storage condition (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19139 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:39:39 | 19139 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: Biodegradable protein-based film was developed by incorporating cinnamon essential oil(CEO) into whey protein concentrate (WPC) at level of 0.8% and 1.5% v/v. Then physicaland mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. Adding CEO to the WPC matrixdecreased the water vapour permeability of the films and water solubility. Films containingCEO showed significant antibacterial activity both gram-positive and gram-negative strainsand exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the studied fungi. In continue, the effect ofwhey coating and whey coating incorporated with 1.5% CEO on quality and shelf life ofHuso huso fillet during refregrated (4±1°C) storage period were also investigated. The controland treated fish samples were analyzed for microbiological (total viable count, psychrophiliccounts), chemical (PV, TBA, FFA, pH, TVB-N), and sensory characteristics in 4-dayintervals up of microbial, chmical and sensoy analyses indicated lower levels of PV, TBA,FFA, pH, TVB-N in coasted sampels and specially, those with CEO while were kept inrefrigerator. Based on results, whey protein edible coating contain 1.5% cinnamon essentialoil could enhance preserving ability Huso huso during storage cold.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: M. Rezaei Counsellors: M. Soltioni, A. kamali
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 6
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    A study on the effect of Zataria multiflora Bioss essential oil and Nisin on the growth of Lactococcus garvieae in the rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19143 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:45:48 | 19143 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: The ever-increasing population of the world and the growing need for animal protein has doubled the modern man’s demand for food. Additionally, the improvement in the general public health, and the worsening of environmental/ecological pollution have prompted today’s world to look for ways to procure healthy food. And one such attempt is the use of natural preservatives to decrease the bacterial load in foodstuffs, in other words, to increase their durability.This study evaluates the effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405%) and Nisin (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 μg/ml) and storage time (9 days) on the growth of Lactococcus garvieae Ir-170A(856bp) alone, and their combination in a food model system (fillets of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the growth of a sample of this bacteria in laboratory conditions was studied.The results of this study showed that different concentrations of Nisin had a significant impact (p〈0.05) on Lactococcus garvieae.With the value of t in 0.75 μg/ml, the effectiveness rose to 65.77%; the biggest effect on Lactococcus garvieae. And the effect at 4 0C exceeded 80C.The study has also demonstrated that all concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss were effective against Lactococcus garvieae. However, with the value of t at 0.405%, the effectiveness was 71.91%. This value had the biggest effect on Lactococcus garvieae. At 4 0C, the effect surpassed the one at 80C.The synergistic effects of the EO and Nisin showed that with the value of t at 0.405% EO and 0.75 μg/ml Nisin was 14.62% had the greatest effect on Lactococcus garvieae.In this study, multi-factorial effects for different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.0025%), three different concentrations of122Nisin (0, 0.25,0.75 μg/ml) and two different levels of PH (5.5 , 7) at two incubation temperatures (15,37) on logp% of Lactococcus garvieae during 43 days in BHI broth were evaluated. Most of the effects on Lactococcus garvieae occurred in PH 5.5 and at a temperature of 150C.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Mehdi Soltani, A. Akhondzadeh Basti. counsellor: A. Kamali
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Influence of cold storage time on the protein changes and fatty acids deterioration of (Rutilus frisi kutum) during frozen storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19304 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:30:38 | 19304 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: The main aim of this research was to identify fatty acids composition of Caspian sea of White fish Rutilus frisi kutum tissue and their changes during one year cold storage (-18Ċ).The secondary aim was to determine the changes of moisture, ash, protein, fat, and to investigate the effects of storage time on peroxide, TBAi, FFA, and extractability of myofibrillar proteins of the fish tissue during one year cold storage (-18 Ċ). 10 samples of (Rutilus frisi kutum) were randomly collected from Anzali landings. The samples were frozen at -30 Ċ and kept in cold storage at -18Ċ for one year. According to time table, the samples were examined. The results showed that 27 fatty acids were identified. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 74/09 and 21/63 %, respectively, in fresh tissue. So that DHA (C22:6) oleic acid (C18:1c) had high amounts (15/07 ,20/57 ) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most (13/09 %) among the SFA. The effects of freezing and cold storage on fish tissue showed that UFA and SFA contents have reached to 58/79 and 22/17 %, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that these compound change to each other during frozen storage. Also ω-3 and ω-6 series of fatty acids was 24/22 and 15/56% in fresh tissue, but their contents decreased to 8/68 and 5/11% at the end of period. Among the fatty acids C22:6, C18:1c and C16:0 had the most changes. The changes of fatty acids were significantly at 95% level expected for C18:0. Results showed that moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents were 75/9±0/03, 1/28±0/012, 21/8±0/2, and 4/1±0/01 % respectively, in fresh tissue. The moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents were 72/3±0/04, 1/83±0/05, 1/91±0/01 and 19/9±0/01 % respectively, at the end of storage period. Lipid damage was measured on the basis of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and Thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i). PV, TBARS and FFA concentration of frozen Caspian Sea white fish stored at -18 Ċ the temporal variation of these three variables were statistically significant (p〈0.001). Results of White fish myofibrillar proteins showed aggregation of bound reduced for stored at 12 months. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that, the intensity of the myosin heavy chain and actin bound was reduced with increasing storage time. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that myosin heavy chain was much more susceptible to hydrolysis than actin.Key words: Rutilus frisi kutum, frozen storage, ω-3, ω-6, protein myofibrillar
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Sohrab Moeini, Nasser Ghaemi Counsellors: A.K. Haghdost
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 8
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    Application of combined effect of sodium acetate and nisin on reduction of contamination by Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum packaged grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets kept at 4°C (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19186 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:46:24 | 19186 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: In this study microbiological , chemical quality and fatty acid composition ofgrass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets treated by dipping in sodiumacetate (%1 and %3), nisin (% 0.1 and % 0.2) and combination of sodiumacetate and nisin was evaluated during 16 days of refrigerated of 4°CAntilisterial effect of nisin was enhanced with the increased concentration ofsodium acetate. At day 12 post storage, Listeria monocytogenese count washigher in the control group than the recommended value, however in sodiumacetate and nisin treated samples, the count was lower (5.17-5.91 log cfu/g).With increasing the concentrations of sodium acetate, mesophilic counts werelower. Regarding nisin, better results was obtained by applying %0.1 nisin.Greater inhibition of mesophile bacteria was observed when combinationtreatment was used. The number of lactobacillus was lower when higherconcentrations of sodium acetate and nisin were used.Total Volatile Nitrogen values at the end of the experiment were lower in thesamples treated with both nisin and sodium acetate and the better results wereobtained in combination treatments. Peroxide (PV) at the end of the experimentwas 1.9 meq/kg in control, and the lowest values were observed for thetreatments 3(%0 sodium acetate +% 0.2 nisin) and 9(%3 sodium acetate +% 0.2nisin) between 1.08 and 1.62 meq/kg without significant difference.Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels at the end of experiment have been shown tobe 0.46 mg malonaldehyde per kg in the control. On the other hand treatments 9had the TBA values of 0.19 mg malonaldehyde per kg which was significantlylower than that of control.Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by increasing the sodium acetate dosesand instead saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. The ratio ofUFA/SFA and also C22:6/C16:0 increased when a higher concentration ofsodium acetate has been used. The best result obtained by using 3% of sodiumacetate but no such relation with nisin was observed.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Mehdi Soltani, Abolghasem Kamali Counsellors: Mohammad Reza Ghomi, Seyed Ebrahim Hoseini
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Effect of thawing methods on the chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensory indices of Caspian Sea kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19182 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:57:11 | 19182 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: Effects of different thawing method i.e. in a refrigerator, in water, at air ambient temperature and in a microwave oven on proximate, chemical (PV, TBA, FFA, TVB-N, SSP, FA), biochemical (pH, WHC,ThL), microbial (total viable, psychrotrophic, coliform, Shewanella and yeast-mould count) and sensory analysis were carried out on frozen whole Caspian sea Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) carcasses. The values of ash, protein, SSP, WHC, PUFA, PUFA/SFA. EPA+DHA/C16:0, pH, and microbial count of thawed samples decreased significantly while fat, PV, TBA, FFA, TVB-N, SFA and MUFA increased compared to the fresh fish (unfrozen) as control samples. Also, sensory evaluation all of thawed samples showed a significant (p〈0.05) quality loss compared to the fresh fish as control samples. The lowest chemical and biochemical values as well as microbial growth were determined in water thawed samples. Therefore, based on this study thawing in water is most suitable for frozen whole rainbow trout.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Masoud Rezaei, Mehdi Soltani Counsellors: Mohammad Haghighi, Reza Pourgholam
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 10
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    Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and nisin on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in light salted silver carp fillet (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19245 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:18:48 | 19245 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: There is an increasing demand in developing newer and safer methods in preserving food products.Among which herbal additives seem to attract evermore attention recently.the major advantage of herbal additives is due to their favorable aroma besides their antimicrobial effects and less expensive than chemical additives. Zataria multiflora Boiss is a native Iranian herb which is used vastly as a food preserver essential oils and also medical usage.Metabolites of harmless bacteria, such as Nisin are also known to be safe preservatives that have antimicrobial activity.However to establish the usefulness of natural antimicrobial preservatives, they must be evaluated alone and in combination with other preservation factors to determine whether there are synergistic effects in rigid media .In this study were evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 ,0.810 %) and Nisin(0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.75 μg/ml) and Storage time (up to 21 days) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in a food model system(light salted fish of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).The results on growth of S. aureus were evaluated using SPSS 15.0 statistical software (SPSS 15.0 for windows, SPSS Inc.) and analyzed the logarithm of total count of the bacteria by Tukey Test. Results were considered statistically significant when P≤0.05.The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was affected significantly(P〈0.05) by EO and Nisin and also combinations of EO and Nisin.Samples treated with 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% of thyme essential oil showed a significant decrease on the growth of the bacteria compared with an treated samples(P〈0.05). No significant difference was seen on the growth of S.aureus in samples treated with lower concentrations of Z.multiflora(below 0.045%) and untreated group(P〉0.05).The most inhibitory effects were seen in samples treated with 0.405% and 0.810% of thyme essential oil until 9 and 12 days after storage,respectively.Also there was significant inhibtory effect(P〈0.05) in different concentration of nisin on the organism compared with an treated samples.The synergism effects of the Eo and nisin on the growth rate of the bacteria was significant (P〈0.05) compared with untreated samples and samples treated with the Eo or nisin, only. Synergismic effects was observed at concentration of 0.405 and 0.810% of Z. multiflora essential oil with 0.25 μg/ml Nisin, respectively until 15 days after storage.As expected it is preferred to apply the least possible amounts of additives in food preserving that not only are effective and safe but are economically justifiable.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti, Mehdi Soltani counsellors: Abbas Matinfar
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
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  • 11
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    Determination of proximate composition, shelf life and fatty acid profiles of breaded kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) during frozen storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19144 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:40:52 | 19144 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: The present study aimed production of a new product with various texture and sensoryproperties in chase of the impetus for increasing human consumption considering suitableresources of Kilka fish in Caspian Sea. Following deheading, gutting, and brining, commonKilka were battered in two different formulations, i.e. simple batter and tempura batter, viaautomated predusting machinery and then, they were fried through flash frying for 30 secondsat 170°C in sunflower oil after they were breaded with bread crumbs flour. The products weresubjected to continuous freezing at -40°C and were kept at -18°C in cold storage for fourmonths once they were packed. Chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, and ash), fattyacid profiles (29 fatty acids), chemical indices of spoilage (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid,free fatty acids, and volatile nitrogen), and microbial properties (total bacteria count andcoliform count) were compared in fresh and breaded Kilka at various times before frying (rawbreaded Kilka), after frying (zero-phase), and in various months of frozen storage (phases 1,2, 3, and 4). Organoleptic properties of breaded Kilka (i.e. odor, taste, texture, crispiness,cohesiveness of batter) and general acceptability in the phases 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were evaluated.The results obtained from chemical composition and fatty acid profiles in common Kilkadenoted that MUFA, PUFA, and SFA were estimated to be 36.96, 32.85, and 29.12 g / 100glipid, respectively. Levels of ù-3 and ù-6 were 7.6 and 1.12 g / 100 gr lipid, respectively.Docosahexaonoic acid (20.79%) was the highest fatty acid in PUFA group. ù-3/ù-6 andPUFA/SFA ratios were 7.6 and 1.12, respectively. The high rates of the indices and highpercentage of ù-3 fatty acid in common Kilka showed that the fish can be considered asinvaluable nutritional and fishery resources and commonsensical consumption of the speciesmay reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Frying breaded Kilka affected overall fat andmoisture contents so that moisture content in fried breaded Kilka decreased significantlycompared to raw breaded Kilka, while it was absolutely reverse for fat content. Overall fatcontent in tempura batter treatment was significantly lower than that of simple battertreatment (P≤0.05). Presence of hydrocolloids, namely proteins, starch, gum, and otherpolysaccharides, in tempura batter may prohibit moisture evaporation and placement with oilduring frying process in addition to boosting water holding capacity through confining watermolecules. During frying process, fatty acids composition of breaded Kilka with variousbatters changed so that rates of some fatty acids such as Palmitic acid (C16:0), Stearic acid(C18:0), Oleic acid (C18:1 ù-9cis), and linoleic acid (C18:3 ù-3) increased considerablyfollowing frying; however, ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA+DHA/C16:0 ratios (Polyan index)decreased significantly after frying. ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA+DHA/C16:0 ratios intempura batter treatment were higher than those of simple batter treatment which is anindicator of higher nutritional value of breaded Kilka with tempura batter. Significantelevations were found in peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, and free fatty acids in fried breaded Kilka samples compared to raw samples which points to fat oxidation during cooking process.Overall microorganism count and coliform count decreased following heating process. Bothbreaded Kilka samples were of high sanitation quality at zero-phase according to ICMSFStandard. The results acquired from organoleptic evaluation declared that odor, cohesiveness,and general acceptability indices, among others, had significant differences between thetreatments (P≤0.05). In all evaluated properties, breaded Kilka with tempura batter indifferent phases gained higher scores than breaded Kilka with simple batter. During coldstorage of various treatments of breaded Kilka, total lipid content, PUFA, MUFA, ù-3, ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, Polyen index decreased significantly. The mentioned reductions inaddition to significant elevation of spoilage indices, namely peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, andfree fatty acids, during frozen storage, indicate to oxidation and enzymatic mechanismactivity during frozen storage of breaded Kilka. Considering sensory evaluation at the end ofthe fourth month and TVB-N contents exceeded eligible rate in the fourth month, shelf life ofthe products during frozen storage was set to be three months at -18°C. The results obtainedfrom statistical tests indicate to better quality of breaded Kilka processed with tempura battercompared to simple batter in terms of organoleptic evaluation, spoilage indices, and highquality of fat in various sampling phases.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Ali Asghar Khanipour, Mehdi Soltani Counsellors: Abbasali Motallebi, Abolghasem Kamali
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Fisheries
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    The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen silver carp minced (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19118 | 17408 | 2015-12-14 19:22:20 | 19118 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: The purpose of this study, Evaluation the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen Silver carp minced. Treatments include:Treatment 1 - Control: frozen meat packaged in conventionalTreatment 2: Frozen Silver carp minced+Thyme 300 mg/kg in normal packagingTreatment 3: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary 200 mg/kg in normal packagingTreatment 4: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary compound (100 mg/kg) and Thyme(100 mg/kg) in normal packagingAfter rapid freezing of samples in the spiral freezer by individual quick freezing method, tomaintain the cold temperature (-18) °C were transferred. Sampling and measurements to determine the fatty acid profile of the zero phase beginning in the first month and then every ten days, and 15 days in the second month of the third month after the monthly test.Identifying, defining and measuring the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography was performed. In this study, levels of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in threeexperimental and one control were identified as follows:A: saturated fatty acids: Meristic C14: 0/Palmitic C16: 0/Hepta decaenoic C17: 0/Stearic C18: 0/Arashidic C20: 0/B:Mono unsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic C16: 1-W7/Oleic C18: 1-W9/Gadoleic C20:1-W9C:Poly unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic C18: 2-W6/α-Linolenic C18: 3-W3D:High unsaturated fatty acids: Arachidonic C20: 4-W6 Eicosapentaenoic acid C20: 5-EPA/W3 Docosahexaenoic C22: 6-DHA/W3Results of this study was to determine, Thyme and rosemary extracts containing silver carpminced stored in freezing conditions, Stability of different types of fatty acids, monounsaturatedfatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are. So that none of the fatty acids measured were not significant 100% increase or decrease,While changes in the fatty acid oxidation during storage time is minimized. The resultsobtained from the fatty acid profiles and indicators of their and statistical tests show that treatment with rosemary extract More stable during storage (-18) ° C In comparison with the control and other treatments are shown; And at relatively low compared to othertreatments and control samples oleic acid and linoleic acid, palmitic more.According to studies,in Silver carp minced that containing rosemary extract, end of the storage period of six months. Were usable, so even rosemary extract the shelf-lifeexamples to increase more than six months.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: A. A. Motalebi Moghanjvqy, Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Counsellors: Ali Asghar Khanipour, Mehdi Soltani
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
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  • 13
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    Application of encapsulated nisin and sodium citrate for shelf life increasing of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fillet packaged with MAP and their effect on Staphylococcus aureus (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19141 | 17408 | 2016-02-01 21:04:45 | 19141 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: Nisin is a widely used naturally occurring antimicrobial effective against many pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. It has been proposed thatreduced efficacy of nisin in foods can be improved by technologies such as encapsulation to protect it from interferences by food matrix components. Theaim of this study was using of spray dried encapsulated nisin with zein in concentration of (0.15 and 0.25 g/kg) and sodium citrate (1.5 and 2.5%) and treatments with both of them to extent the shelf life of filleted trouts packagedby Modified Atmosphere Packaging (45% CO2, 50% N2 ,5% O2) and stored at 4±1 °C for 20 days. Furthermore, to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of encapsulated nisin and soudium citrate the trouts fillets was inoculated withStaphylococcus aureus as an index pathogenic bacteria. Assessment of chemical spoilage indexes such as (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basenitrogen and pH) , microbial parameters (Total Plate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count), Staphylococcus aureus cont in treatments which were inoculated with 5 logcfu/g of this bacteria and sensory evaluation of fillets including (smell, color, texture and total acceptability) was carried out indays of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. The results revealed that treatment with both exposure of nisin and sodium citrate showed significantly lower chemicalspoilage indexes in comparison with controls (vaccum packed and MAP)(P〈0.05). Furthermore, (nisin 0.25 g/kg sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment whichwas exposed to the maximal level used of both materials was significantly thelowest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basenitrogen and pH) of 9.95 (meq O2/kg) , 1.55 (mgMA/kg), 29.65 (mgN/100g) and 6.65 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of fillets in this treatment was esstimated 20 days.The control(vaccum packed) treatment was significantly the highest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile base nitrogen and pH) of 15.17 (meq O2/kg), 3.03 (mgMA/kg), 38.4 (mgN/100g) and 6.95 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of filletsin this treatment was estimated 11 days. Also, in microbial point of view (nisin0.25 g/kg- sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment was the lowest treatment with TotalPlate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count andStaphylococcus aureus count of 6.7, 6.83, 5.25 and 6.04 logcfu/g respectively,and conrol (vaccum packed) treatment was the highest treatment with 9.15, 9.41, 7.7 and 9.01 logcfu/g respectively. According to the lower results of chemicaland microbial indices and higher sensory evaluated scores assessed in this research for encapsulated nisin in comparison with free nisin , it was concludedthat encapsulation of nisin with zein capsules may improve the efficiency of nisin. The measuremented values of Mass yield, Total solids content of capsules, Encapsulation efficiency, In vitro release kinetics in 200 hour for encapsulated nisin in this study was 49.89, 62, 98.31 and 69% respectively and Encapsulated particle size was lower than 674.21 μm for 90% of particles. As a consequence, nisin , in particular encapsulated nisin, and sodium citrate alone or together with and Modified Atmosphere packaging might be considered as effective tools in preventing the quality degradation of the fillets, resulting in an extension of their shelf life.
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: Advisors: Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini, Aboulghassem Kamali Counsellorrs: Abbasali Motallebi, Resa Pourgholam
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
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  • 14
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    Coevolution of plants and their pathogens in natural habitats (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-09
    Beschreibung: Understanding of plant-pathogen coevolution in natural systems continues to develop as new theories at the population and species level are increasingly informed by studies unraveling the molecular basis of interactions between individual plants and their pathogens. The next challenge lies in further integration of these approaches to develop a comprehensive picture of how life history traits of both players interact with the environment to shape evolutionary trajectories.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burdon, Jeremy J -- Thrall, Peter H -- R01 GM074265-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):755-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1171663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Plant Industry, Post Office Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Jeremy.Burdon@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Fungi/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Immunity, Innate ; Plant Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or followers? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: Microorganisms have critical roles in the functioning of soil in nutrient cycling, structural formation, and plant interactions, both positive and negative. These roles are important in reestablishing function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration. Measurement of the community indicates the status of the system in relation to restoration targets and the effectiveness of management interventions, and manipulation of the community shows promise in the enhancement of the rate of recovery of degraded systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):573-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1172975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Natural Resources, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: Ecological restoration is an activity that ideally results in the return of an ecosystem to an undisturbed state. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans derive from ecosystems. The two have been joined to support growing environmental markets with the goal of creating restoration-based credits that can be bought and sold. However, the allure of these markets may be overshadowing shortcomings in the science and practice of ecological restoration. Before making risky investments, we must understand why and when restoration efforts fall short of recovering the full suite of ecosystem services, what can be done to improve restoration success, and why direct measurement of the biophysical processes that support ecosystem services is the only way to guarantee the future success of these markets. Without new science and an oversight framework to protect the ecosystem service assets which people depend, markets could actually accelerate environmental degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret A -- Filoso, Solange -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):575-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; Biophysical Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Wetlands
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 17
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    Disruption of vertical motility by shear triggers formation of thin phytoplankton layers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-21
    Beschreibung: Thin layers of phytoplankton are important hotspots of ecological activity that are found in the coastal ocean, meters beneath the surface, and contain cell concentrations up to two orders of magnitude above ambient concentrations. Current interpretations of their formation favor abiotic processes, yet many phytoplankton species found in these layers are motile. We demonstrated that layers formed when the vertical migration of phytoplankton was disrupted by hydrodynamic shear. This mechanism, which we call gyrotactic trapping, can be responsible for the thin layers of phytoplankton commonly observed in the ocean. These results reveal that the coupling between active microorganism motility and ambient fluid motion can shape the macroscopic features of the marine ecological landscape.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durham, William M -- Kessler, John O -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1067-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1167334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Shape ; Chlamydomonas/cytology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Flagella ; Gravitation ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*physiology ; *Water ; *Water Movements
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Seeing the big picture on microbe distribution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patterson, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1506-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1179690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Encyclopedia of Life, Biodiversity Informatics, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. dpatterson@eol.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic Regions ; *Bacteria/classification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Seawater/*microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Basin-scale coherence in phenology of shrimps and phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-09
    Beschreibung: Climate change could lead to mismatches between the reproductive cycles of marine organisms and their planktonic food. We tested this hypothesis by comparing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) egg hatching times and satellite-derived phytoplankton bloom dynamics throughout the North Atlantic. At large spatial and long temporal (10 years or longer) scales, hatching was correlated with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Annual egg development and hatching times were determined locally by bottom water temperature. We conclude that different populations of P. borealis have adapted to local temperatures and bloom timing, matching egg hatching to food availability under average conditions. This strategy is vulnerable to interannual oceanographic variability and long-term climatic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koeller, P -- Fuentes-Yaco, C -- Platt, T -- Sathyendranath, S -- Richards, A -- Ouellet, P -- Orr, D -- Skuladottir, U -- Wieland, K -- Savard, L -- Aschan, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):791-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Nova Scotia, Canada. koellerp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Ovum/growth & development/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on the terrestrial biosphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-13
    Beschreibung: Photosynthesis and respiration occur widely on Earth's surface, and the 18O/16O ratio of the oxygen produced and consumed varies with climatic conditions. As a consequence, the history of climate is reflected in the deviation of the 18O/16O of air (delta18Oatm) from seawater delta18O (known as the Dole effect). We report variations in delta18Oatm over the past 60,000 years related to Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, two modes of abrupt climate change observed during the last ice age. Correlations with cave records support the hypothesis that the Dole effect is primarily governed by the strength of the Asian and North African monsoons and confirm that widespread changes in low-latitude terrestrial rainfall accompanied abrupt climate change. The rapid delta18Oatm changes can also be used to synchronize ice records by providing global time markers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- Beaudette, Ross -- Headly, Melissa A -- Taylor, Kendrick -- Brook, Edward J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1431-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1169473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0244, USA. jseveringhaus@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; Seawater/chemistry ; Time
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-07
    Beschreibung: Biodiversity hotspots, representing regions with high species endemism and conservation threat, have been mapped globally. Yet, biodiversity distribution data from within hotspots are too sparse for effective conservation in the face of rapid environmental change. Using frogs as indicators, ecological niche models under paleoclimates, and simultaneous Bayesian analyses of multispecies molecular data, we compare alternative hypotheses of assemblage-scale response to late Quaternary climate change. This reveals a hotspot within the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. We show that the southern Atlantic forest was climatically unstable relative to the central region, which served as a large climatic refugium for neotropical species in the late Pleistocene. This sets new priorities for conservation in Brazil and establishes a validated approach to biodiversity prediction in other understudied, species-rich regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carnaval, Ana Carolina -- Hickerson, Michael J -- Haddad, Celio F B -- Rodrigues, Miguel T -- Moritz, Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):785-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA. carnaval@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anura/classification/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Unleashing an army to repair alien-ravaged ecosystems (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):562-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_562.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Insects ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; South Africa ; Water Supply
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Physiology. What determines coral health? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weis, Virginia M -- Allemand, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1153-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1172540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. weisv@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/*physiology ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/chemistry ; Stress, Physiological ; *Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Serengeti birds maintain forests by inhibiting seed predators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-04
    Beschreibung: Of fundamental interest in conservation ecology are the regulatory mechanisms that maintain communities. We document a mechanism that maintains forests in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, and the destabilization when disturbance opens forest canopy. Forest birds, by consuming seeds, protected them from beetle attack. Consumption increased the germination rate and the density of seedlings and recruits, which was sufficient to maintain the forest. Opening of the canopy resulted in loss of birds, increased beetle attack, and loss of germination. Thus, frugivorous birds are necessary for the maintenance of forests. Their absence could have resulted in the observed forest decline since 1966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharam, Gregory J -- Sinclair, A R E -- Turkington, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):51. doi: 10.1126/science.1173805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Beetles ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Germination ; Population Dynamics ; *Seeds/growth & development ; Tanzania ; *Trees/growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elser, James J -- Andersen, Tom -- Baron, Jill S -- Bergstrom, Ann-Kristin -- Jansson, Mats -- Kyle, Marcia -- Nydick, Koren R -- Steger, Laura -- Hessen, Dag O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):835-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1176199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. j.elser@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Norway ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Sweden ; Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Coral reefs. Calcification rates drop in Australian reefs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):27. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Australia ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Bone assemblages track animal community structure over 40 years in an African savanna ecosystem (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-23
    Beschreibung: Reconstructing ancient communities depends on how accurately fossil assemblages retain information about living populations. We report a high level of fidelity between modern bone assemblages and living populations based on a 40-year study of the Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya. Relative abundance of 15 herbivorous species recorded in the bone assemblage accurately tracks the living populations through major changes in community composition and habitat over intervals as short as 5 years. The aggregated bone sample provides an accurate record of community structure time-averaged over four decades. These results lay the groundwork for integrating paleobiological and contemporary ecological studies across evolutionary and ecological time scales. Bone surveys also provide a useful method of assessing population changes and community structure for modern vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Western, David -- Behrensmeyer, Anna K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1061-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1171155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉African Conservation Center, Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya. dwestern@africaonline.co.ke〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Bone and Bones ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Kenya ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; *Vertebrates
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Phenology feedbacks on climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penuelas, Josep -- Rutishauser, This -- Filella, Iolanda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):887-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1173004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF-CEAB-CSIC), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. josep.penuelas@uab.cat〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/metabolism ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; *Seasons ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    AAAS annual meeting. Will many endangered species recover? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):998-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.998b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    Macrovertebrate paleontology and the Pliocene habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-08
    Beschreibung: A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predominantly woodland. The Ar. ramidus enamel isotope values indicate a minimal C4 vegetation component in its diet (plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway), which is consistent with predominantly forest/woodland feeding. Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar. ramidus as a denizen of the closed habitats along this continuum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim D -- Ambrose, Stanley H -- Suwa, Gen -- Su, Denise F -- DeGusta, David -- Bernor, Raymond L -- Boisserie, Jean-Renaud -- Brunet, Michel -- Delson, Eric -- Frost, Stephen -- Garcia, Nuria -- Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X -- Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Howell, F Clark -- Lehmann, Thomas -- Likius, Andossa -- Pehlevan, Cesur -- Saegusa, Haruo -- Semprebon, Gina -- Teaford, Mark -- Vrba, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):87-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Research Center and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Cercopithecidae/anatomy & histology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleodontology ; Plants ; Population Density ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Eutrophication: time to adjust expectations (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacoby, Charles A -- Frazer, Thomas K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):723-4; author reply 724-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324_723b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA. cajacoby@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Phosphorus/analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Microbiology. No place too cold (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laybourn-Parry, Johanna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1521-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1173645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Jo.Laybourn-Parry@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctic Regions ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Water Microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Where are the parasites? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutz, Susan J -- Dobson, Andy P -- Hoberg, Eric P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1187-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arctic Regions/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites/growth & development/*physiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Population Dynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-07
    Beschreibung: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Microbiology. Fantastic fixers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulweiler, Robinson W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):377-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1181129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. rwf@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea/growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development/*metabolism ; Cold Temperature ; Deltaproteobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Methane/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen Isotopes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Seawater/microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N2 serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N2 fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N2 fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A -- Anderson, Mark A -- Suen, Garret -- Stevenson, David M -- Chu, Fiona S T -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Weimer, Paul J -- Currie, Cameron R -- GM 18938/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1120-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene/metabolism ; Animals ; Ants/metabolism/microbiology/*physiology ; Argentina ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/growth & development/*physiology ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Panama ; Pantoea/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Kathy J -- Bhagwat, Shonil A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):806-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Butterflies ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    Nursing China's ailing forests back to health (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):556-8. doi: 10.1126/science.325_556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics/methods ; Government Regulation ; Public Policy ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    Elevated CO2 reduces losses of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: The interactive effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition on plant diversity are not well understood. This is of concern because both factors are important components of global environmental change and because each might suppress diversity, with their combined effects possibly additive or synergistic. In a long-term open-air experiment, grassland assemblages planted with 16 species were grown under all combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and ambient and elevated N. Over 10 years, elevated N reduced species richness by 16% at ambient CO2 but by just 8% at elevated CO2. This resulted from multiple effects of CO2 and N on plant traits and soil resources that altered competitive interactions among species. Elevated CO2 thus ameliorated the negative effects of N enrichment on species richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1178820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. preich@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anemone/growth & development/metabolism ; Asclepias/genetics/metabolism ; Asteraceae/growth & development/metabolism ; *Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Light ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Water/analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Public trust doctrine: in need of integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portman, Michelle E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):45; author reply 45-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326_45a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mportman@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecosystem ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Rebuilding global fisheries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Hilborn, Ray -- Baum, Julia K -- Branch, Trevor A -- Collie, Jeremy S -- Costello, Christopher -- Fogarty, Michael J -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Jennings, Simon -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Lotze, Heike K -- Mace, Pamela M -- McClanahan, Tim R -- Minto, Coilin -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Parma, Ana M -- Ricard, Daniel -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Watson, Reg -- Zeller, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):578-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1173146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology ; Internationality ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    Recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate change along the western Antarctic Peninsula (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-17
    Beschreibung: The climate of the western shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is undergoing a transition from a cold-dry polar-type climate to a warm-humid sub-Antarctic-type climate. Using three decades of satellite and field data, we document that ocean biological productivity, inferred from chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), has significantly changed along the WAP shelf. Summertime surface Chl a (summer integrated Chl a approximately 63% of annually integrated Chl a) declined by 12% along the WAP over the past 30 years, with the largest decreases equatorward of 63 degrees S and with substantial increases in Chl a occurring farther south. The latitudinal variation in Chl a trends reflects shifting patterns of ice cover, cloud formation, and windiness affecting water-column mixing. Regional changes in phytoplankton coincide with observed changes in krill (Euphausia superba) and penguin populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montes-Hugo, Martin -- Doney, Scott C -- Ducklow, Hugh W -- Fraser, William -- Martinson, Douglas -- Stammerjohn, Sharon E -- Schofield, Oscar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1470-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1164533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Coastal Ocean Observation Lab, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. montes@marine.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/*analysis ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Euphausiacea ; Geography ; Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Spheniscidae ; Temperature ; Wind
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A contemporary microbially maintained subglacial ferrous "ocean" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-18
    Beschreibung: An active microbial assemblage cycles sulfur in a sulfate-rich, ancient marine brine beneath Taylor Glacier, an outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Isotopic measurements of sulfate, water, carbonate, and ferrous iron and functional gene analyses of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase imply that a microbial consortium facilitates a catalytic sulfur cycle. These metabolic pathways result from a limited organic carbon supply because of the absence of contemporary photosynthesis, yielding a subglacial ferrous brine that is anoxic but not sulfidic. Coupled biogeochemical processes below the glacier enable subglacial microbes to grow in extended isolation, demonstrating how analogous organic-starved systems, such as Neoproterozoic oceans, accumulated Fe(II) despite the presence of an active sulfur cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mikucki, Jill A -- Pearson, Ann -- Johnston, David T -- Turchyn, Alexandra V -- Farquhar, James -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Anbar, Ariel D -- Priscu, John C -- Lee, Peter A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):397-400. doi: 10.1126/science.1167350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. jill.a.mikucki@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; Antarctic Regions ; Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/*metabolism ; Heterotrophic Processes ; *Ice Cover ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/genetics/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfites/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Oysters booming on new reefs, but can they survive disease? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):525. doi: 10.1126/science.325_525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Crassostrea/parasitology/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Haplosporida/pathogenicity ; Population Growth ; *Rivers ; Virginia
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
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    Epicontinental seas versus open-ocean settings: the kinetics of mass extinction and origination (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Environmental perturbations during mass extinctions were likely manifested differently in epicontinental seas than in open-ocean-facing habitats of comparable depth. Here, we present a dissection of origination and extinction in epicontinental seas versus open-ocean-facing coastal regions in the Permian through Cretaceous periods, an interval through which both settings are well represented in the fossil record. Results demonstrate that extinction rates were significantly higher in open-ocean settings than in epicontinental seas during major mass extinctions but not at other times and that origination rates were significantly higher in open-ocean settings for a protracted interval from the Late Jurassic through the Late Cretaceous. These patterns are manifested even when other paleogeographic and environmental variables are held fixed, indicating that epicontinental seas and open-ocean-facing coastlines carry distinct macroevolutionary signatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Arnold I -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Post Office Box 210013, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA. arnold.miller@uc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; Kinetics ; Oceans and Seas
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
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    Environmental restoration. Obama moves to revitalize Chesapeake Bay restoration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 47
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    Anthropology. Coastal exploitation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rick, Torben C -- Erlandson, Jon M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):952-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1178539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. rickt@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Anthropology ; Archaeology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Humans ; Marine Biology ; Otters ; Population Dynamics ; Sea Urchins ; Shellfish
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    The rise of restoration ecology (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- Stone, Richard -- Sugden, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):555. doi: 10.1126/science.325_555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    Ecology. Biodiversity under global change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Scott L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1353-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1183271.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biodiversity ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Soil/analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Ecology. Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conley, Daniel J -- Paerl, Hans W -- Howarth, Robert W -- Boesch, Donald F -- Seitzinger, Sybil P -- Havens, Karl E -- Lancelot, Christiane -- Likens, Gene E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1014-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167755.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. daniel.conley@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; *Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*chemistry/microbiology ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Nitrogen/*analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphorus/*analysis/metabolism ; Salinity ; Seawater/*chemistry/microbiology ; Water Microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Plant science. An invasive plant paradox (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rout, Marnie E -- Callaway, Ragan M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):734-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1173651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. marnie.rout@mso.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/chemistry ; Plants/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Oceans. Legal bedrock for rebuilding America's ocean ecosystems (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-11
    Beschreibung: The public trust doctrine would provide a powerful framework for restructuring the way we manage U.S. oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turnipseed, Mary -- Crowder, Larry B -- Sagarin, Raphael D -- Roady, Stephen E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):183-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1170889.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. mary.turnipseed@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecosystem ; *Federal Government ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Biofuels: forests and carbon (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kauppi, Pekka E -- Saikku, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1345; author reply 1346. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5958.1345-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biofuels ; Carbon ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; Wood
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Deep-sea archaea fix and share nitrogen in methane-consuming microbial consortia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-17
    Beschreibung: Nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) microorganisms regulate productivity in diverse ecosystems; however, the identities of diazotrophs are unknown in many oceanic environments. Using single-cell-resolution nanometer secondary ion mass spectrometry images of 15N incorporation, we showed that deep-sea anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea fix N2, as well as structurally similar CN-, and share the products with sulfate-reducing bacterial symbionts. These archaeal/bacterial consortia are already recognized as the major sink of methane in benthic ecosystems, and we now identify them as a source of bioavailable nitrogen as well. The archaea maintain their methane oxidation rates while fixing N2 but reduce their growth, probably in compensation for the energetic burden of diazotrophy. This finding extends the demonstrated lower limits of respiratory energy capable of fueling N2 fixation and reveals a link between the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dekas, Anne E -- Poretsky, Rachel S -- Orphan, Victoria J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):422-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1178223.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. dekas@gps.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Deltaproteobacteria/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Methane/*metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Nitrogen Isotopes/metabolism ; Operon ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Seawater/microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Fire in the Earth system (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-25
    Beschreibung: Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowman, David M J S -- Balch, Jennifer K -- Artaxo, Paulo -- Bond, William J -- Carlson, Jean M -- Cochrane, Mark A -- D'Antonio, Carla M -- Defries, Ruth S -- Doyle, John C -- Harrison, Sandy P -- Johnston, Fay H -- Keeley, Jon E -- Krawchuk, Meg A -- Kull, Christian A -- Marston, J Brad -- Moritz, Max A -- Prentice, I Colin -- Roos, Christopher I -- Scott, Andrew C -- Swetnam, Thomas W -- van der Werf, Guido R -- Pyne, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):481-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1163886.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon ; Climate ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; Humans ; Plants
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ecology. Thriving in salt (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boetius, Antje -- Joye, Samantha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1523-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1172979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉HGF-MPG Joint Research Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. aboetius@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Artemia/physiology ; Chlorophyta/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Halobacteriaceae/physiology ; *Salinity ; Salts ; Sodium Chloride ; *Water Microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Wood energy: protect local ecosystems (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Titus, Brian D -- Maynard, Douglas G -- Dymond, Caren C -- Stinson, Graham -- Kurz, Werner A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1389-90; author reply 1390-1. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1389c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Brian.Titus@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; European Union ; *Trees ; United States ; *Wood
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Conservation biology. Exxon Valdez turns 20 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guterman, Lila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1558-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5921.1558.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Accidents ; Alaska ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; Fishes ; Otters ; *Petroleum ; Population Dynamics ; Research ; Ships ; Whales
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-24
    Beschreibung: Persistent changes in tree mortality rates can alter forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from unmanaged old forests in the western United States showed that background (noncatastrophic) mortality rates have increased rapidly in recent decades, with doubling periods ranging from 17 to 29 years among regions. Increases were also pervasive across elevations, tree sizes, dominant genera, and past fire histories. Forest density and basal area declined slightly, which suggests that increasing mortality was not caused by endogenous increases in competition. Because mortality increased in small trees, the overall increase in mortality rates cannot be attributed solely to aging of large trees. Regional warming and consequent increases in water deficits are likely contributors to the increases in tree mortality rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Mantgem, Phillip J -- Stephenson, Nathan L -- Byrne, John C -- Daniels, Lori D -- Franklin, Jerry F -- Fule, Peter Z -- Harmon, Mark E -- Larson, Andrew J -- Smith, Jeremy M -- Taylor, Alan H -- Veblen, Thomas T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):521-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1165000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA 93271, USA. pvanmantgem@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abies/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Climate ; *Coniferophyta/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Northwestern United States ; Pinus/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tsuga/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Science and regulation. New science for chemicals policy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarzman, Megan R -- Wilson, Michael P -- 5U19EH000097-04/EH/NCEH CDC HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1065-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1177537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. mschwarzman@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; *Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; European Union ; *Hazardous Substances/toxicity ; *Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Bringing coral reefs back from the living dead (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):559-61. doi: 10.1126/science.325_559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Anthozoa/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Larva/physiology ; Reproduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Restoring a 'biological desert' on Borneo (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):557. doi: 10.1126/science.325_557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Borneo ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Pongo pygmaeus ; *Trees/growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Good genes and good luck: ammonoid diversity and the end-Permian mass extinction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-29
    Beschreibung: The end-Permian mass extinction removed more than 80% of marine genera. Ammonoid cephalopods were among the organisms most affected by this crisis. The analysis of a global diversity data set of ammonoid genera covering about 106 million years centered on the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) shows that Triassic ammonoids actually reached levels of diversity higher than in the Permian less than 2 million years after the PTB. The data favor a hierarchical rather than logistic model of diversification coupled with a niche incumbency hypothesis. This explosive and nondelayed diversification contrasts with the slow and delayed character of the Triassic biotic recovery as currently illustrated for other, mainly benthic groups such as bivalves and gastropods.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brayard, Arnaud -- Escarguel, Gilles -- Bucher, Hugo -- Monnet, Claude -- Bruhwiler, Thomas -- Goudemand, Nicolas -- Galfetti, Thomas -- Guex, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1118-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1174638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR-CNRS 5561 Biogeosciences, Universite de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France. arnaud.brayard@u-bourgogne.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Cephalopoda/classification/genetics ; Climate ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater
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    Paleontology. Flourishing after the end-Permian mass extinction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- Jacobs, David K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1079-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1178325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmarshall@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Cephalopoda ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Greenhouse Effect ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen ; Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ecology. Peter principle packs a peck of phytoplankton (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grunbaum, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1022-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170662.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7940, USA. grunbaum@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Shape ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/cytology/*physiology ; Flagella/physiology ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*physiology ; *Water ; *Water Movements
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    Bushmeat hunting as climate threat (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodie, Jedediah F -- Gibbs, Holly K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):364-5. doi: 10.1126/science.326_364b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59802, USA. jedediah.brodie@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Animals ; *Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Meat ; Population Dynamics ; *Tropical Climate ; *Vertebrates
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    Deep-sea, swimming worms with luminescent "bombs" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-22
    Beschreibung: By using remotely operated vehicles, we found seven previously unknown species of swimming annelid worms below 1800 meters. Specimens were large and bore a variety of elaborate head appendages. In addition, five species have pairs of ellipsoidal organs homologous to branchiae that produce brilliant green bioluminescence when autotomized. Five genes were used to determine the evolutionary relationships of these worms within Cirratuliformia. These species form a clade within Acrocirridae and were not closely related to either of the two known pelagic cirratuliforms. Thus, this clade represents a third invasion of the pelagic realm from Cirratuliformia. This finding emphasizes the wealth of discoveries to be made in pelagic and deep demersal habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osborn, Karen J -- Haddock, Steven H D -- Pleijel, Fredrik -- Madin, Laurence P -- Rouse, Greg W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):964. doi: 10.1126/science.1172488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kjosborn@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Luminescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polychaeta/*anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/*physiology ; *Seawater ; Swimming
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Species invasions and the limits to restoration: learning from the New Zealand experience (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: Species invasions impose key biotic thresholds limiting the success of ecological restoration projects. These thresholds may be difficult to reverse and will have long-term consequences for restoration because of invasion legacies such as extinctions; because most invasive species cannot be eliminated given current technology and resources; and because even when controlled to low levels, invasive species continue to exert substantial pressure on native biodiversity. Restoration outcomes in the face of biological invasions are likely to be novel and will require long-term resource commitment, as any letup in invasive species management will result in the loss of the conservation gains achieved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norton, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):569-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1172978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rural Ecology Research Group, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. david.norton@canterbury.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Forecasting ; New Zealand ; Pest Control ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 69
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    Ecology. The forgotten megafauna (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Dennis M -- Galetti, Mauro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1172393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dmhansen@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Feeding Behavior ; Geography ; Seeds ; *Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 70
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    Harnessing carbon payments to protect biodiversity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Initiatives to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) are providing increasing incentives for forest protection. The collateral benefits for biodiversity depend on the extent to which emissions reductions and biodiversity conservation can be achieved in the same places. Globally, we demonstrate spatial trade-offs in allocating funds to protect forests for carbon and biodiversity and show that cost-effective spending for REDD would protect relatively few species of forest vertebrates. Because trade-offs are nonlinear, we discover that minor adjustments to the allocation of funds could double the biodiversity protected by REDD, while reducing carbon outcomes by only 4 to 8%.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, Oscar -- Laurance, William F -- Iwamura, Takuya -- Wilson, Kerrie A -- Fuller, Richard A -- Possingham, Hugh P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1368. doi: 10.1126/science.1180289.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. oventer@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; *Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Statistical ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 71
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    Climate-driven basin-scale decadal oscillations of oceanic phytoplankton (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Phytoplankton--the microalgae that populate the upper lit layers of the ocean--fuel the oceanic food web and affect oceanic and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels through photosynthetic carbon fixation. Here, we show that multidecadal changes in global phytoplankton abundances are related to basin-scale oscillations of the physical ocean, specifically the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. This relationship is revealed in approximately 20 years of satellite observations of chlorophyll and sea surface temperature. Interaction between the main pycnocline and the upper ocean seasonal mixed layer is one mechanism behind this correlation. Our findings provide a context for the interpretation of contemporary changes in global phytoplankton and should improve predictions of their future evolution with climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez, Elodie -- Antoine, David -- D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio -- Gentili, Bernard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1177012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. martinez@obs-vlfr.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantic Ocean ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/*analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; Indian Ocean ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 72
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    Rapid resurgence of marine productivity after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-03
    Beschreibung: The course of the biotic recovery after the impact-related disruption of photosynthesis and mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has been intensely debated. The resurgence of marine primary production in the aftermath remains poorly constrained because of the paucity of fossil records tracing primary producers that lack skeletons. Here we present a high-resolution record of geochemical variation in the remarkably thick Fiskeler (also known as the Fish Clay) boundary layer at Kulstirenden, Denmark. Converging evidence from the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen and abundances of algal steranes and bacterial hopanes indicates that algal primary productivity was strongly reduced for only a brief period of possibly less than a century after the impact, followed by a rapid resurgence of carbon fixation and ecological reorganization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sepulveda, Julio -- Wendler, Jens E -- Summons, Roger E -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):129-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1176233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organic Geochemistry Group, Department of Geosciences, and Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany. juliosep@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomarkers/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cyanobacteria/physiology ; Denmark ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; Polycyclic Compounds/analysis ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Time ; Triterpenes/analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
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    Environmental science. Peatland response to global change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dise, Nancy B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):810-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1174268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK. n.dise@mmu.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Agriculture ; Biomass ; *Carbon ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; Methane ; Mining ; *Soil ; Sphagnopsida/growth & development/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    Pollination and restoration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: Pollination services underpin sustainability of restored ecosystems. Yet, outside of agri-environments, effective restoration of pollinator services in ecological restoration has received little attention. This deficiency in the knowledge needed to restore pollinator capability represents a major liability in restoration programs, particularly in regions where specialist invertebrate and vertebrate pollinators exist, such as global biodiversity hotspots. When compounded with the likely negative impacts of climate change on pollination services, the need to understand and manage pollinator services in restoration becomes paramount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dixon, Kingsley W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):571-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1176295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009 Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth 6005, Western Australia, Australia. kingsley.dixon@bgpa.wa.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; *Pollination
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    Conservation. Scientists laud Bush's blue legacy but want more (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):192-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5911.192.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): American Samoa ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Micronesia ; Pacific Islands ; Pacific Ocean ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    Profile: Artur Chilingarov. Diving into the sacred sea (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parfitt, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1382-3. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1382b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; *Expeditions ; *Fresh Water ; Siberia
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: Human activities have increased the availability of nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In grasslands, this eutrophication causes loss of plant species diversity, but the mechanism of this loss has been difficult to determine. Using experimental grassland plant communities, we found that addition of light to the grassland understory prevented the loss of biodiversity caused by eutrophication. There was no detectable role for competition for soil resources in diversity loss. Thus, competition for light is a major mechanism of plant diversity loss after eutrophication and explains the particular threat of eutrophication to plant diversity. Our conclusions have implications for grassland management and conservation policy and underscore the need to control nutrient enrichment if plant diversity is to be preserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hautier, Yann -- Niklaus, Pascal A -- Hector, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1169640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. yhautier@uwinst.uzh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Fertilizers ; *Light ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Abiotic gas formation drives nitrogen loss from a desert ecosystem (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: In arid environments such as deserts, nitrogen is often the most limiting nutrient for biological activity. The majority of the ecosystem nitrogen flux is typically thought to be driven by production and loss of reactive nitrogen species by microorganisms in the soil. We found that high soil-surface temperatures (greater than 50 degrees C), driven by solar radiation, are the primary cause of nitrogen loss in Mojave Desert soils. This abiotic pathway not only enables the balancing of arid ecosystem nitrogen budgets, but also changes our view of global nitrogen cycling and the predicted impact of climate change and increased temperatures on nitrogen bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCalley, Carmody K -- Sparks, Jed P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):837-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1178984.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall Room E149, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ckm27@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia/*analysis ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Gases ; Hot Temperature ; Larrea ; Nitrogen Oxides/*analysis ; Soil/*analysis ; Southwestern United States ; Sunlight
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 79
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    Species response to environmental change: impacts of food web interactions and evolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-07
    Beschreibung: How environmental change affects species abundances depends on both the food web within which species interact and their potential to evolve. Using field experiments, we investigated both ecological and evolutionary responses of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), a common agricultural pest, to increased frequency of episodic heat shocks. One predator species ameliorated the decrease in aphid population growth with increasing heat shocks, whereas a second predator did not, with this contrast caused by behavioral differences between predators. We also compared aphid strains with stably inherited differences in heat tolerance caused by bacterial endosymbionts and showed the potential for rapid evolution for heat-shock tolerance. Our results illustrate how ecological and evolutionary complexities should be incorporated into predictions of the consequences of environmental change for species' populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon, Jason P -- Moran, Nancy A -- Ives, Anthony R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1347-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1167396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jharmon@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aphids/genetics/microbiology/*physiology ; Beetles/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Buchnera/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; *Hot Temperature ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 80
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    Environment. "True" conservation progress (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald-Madden, Eve -- Gordon, Ascelin -- Wintle, Brendan A -- Walker, Susan -- Grantham, Hedley -- Carvalho, Silvia -- Bottrill, Madeleine -- Joseph, Liana -- Ponce, Rocio -- Stewart, Romola -- Possingham, Hugh P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):43-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1164342.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Applied Environmental Decision Analysis, School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4075, Australia. e.mcdonaldmadden@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Queensland
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    20 years after the wall. Aufbau Ost: Max Planck's East German experiment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):788-91. doi: 10.1126/science.326_788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Anthropology ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Germany ; Germany, East ; Physics ; Research Personnel ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    Ecology. Insect conservation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Settele, Josef -- Kuhn, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):41-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1176892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany. Josef.Settele@ufz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ants/physiology ; *Butterflies/physiology ; Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; International Cooperation ; Microclimate ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Metagenome of a versatile chemolithoautotroph from expanding oceanic dead zones (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-11
    Beschreibung: Oxygen minimum zones, also known as oceanic "dead zones," are widespread oceanographic features currently expanding because of global warming. Although inhospitable to metazoan life, they support a cryptic microbiota whose metabolic activities affect nutrient and trace gas cycling within the global ocean. Here, we report metagenomic analyses of a ubiquitous and abundant but uncultivated oxygen minimum zone microbe (SUP05) related to chemoautotrophic gill symbionts of deep-sea clams and mussels. The SUP05 metagenome harbors a versatile repertoire of genes mediating autotrophic carbon assimilation, sulfur oxidation, and nitrate respiration responsive to a wide range of water-column redox states. Our analysis provides a genomic foundation for understanding the ecological and biogeochemical role of pelagic SUP05 in oxygen-deficient oceanic waters and its potential sensitivity to environmental changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, David A -- Zaikova, Elena -- Howes, Charles G -- Song, Young C -- Wright, Jody J -- Tringe, Susannah G -- Tortell, Philippe D -- Hallam, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):578-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1175309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomass ; British Columbia ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Chemoautotrophic Growth ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Gammaproteobacteria/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Genes, rRNA ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Metagenome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Phylogeny ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Tracking progress toward the 2010 biodiversity target and beyond (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walpole, Matt -- Almond, Rosamunde E A -- Besancon, Charles -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid -- Carr, Genevieve M -- Collen, Ben -- Collette, Linda -- Davidson, Nick C -- Dulloo, Ehsan -- Fazel, Asghar M -- Galloway, James N -- Gill, Michael -- Goverse, Tessa -- Hockings, Marc -- Leaman, Danna J -- Morgan, David H W -- Revenga, Carmen -- Rickwood, Carrie J -- Schutyser, Frederik -- Simons, Sarah -- Stattersfield, Alison J -- Tyrrell, Tristan D -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Zimsky, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1503-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1175466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK. matt.walpole@unep-wcmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; *International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in North American gray wolves (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-07
    Beschreibung: Morphological diversity within closely related species is an essential aspect of evolution and adaptation. Mutations in the Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) gene contribute to pigmentary diversity in natural populations of fish, birds, and many mammals. However, melanism in the gray wolf, Canis lupus, is caused by a different melanocortin pathway component, the K locus, that encodes a beta-defensin protein that acts as an alternative ligand for Mc1r. We show that the melanistic K locus mutation in North American wolves derives from past hybridization with domestic dogs, has risen to high frequency in forested habitats, and exhibits a molecular signature of positive selection. The same mutation also causes melanism in the coyote, Canis latrans, and in Italian gray wolves, and hence our results demonstrate how traits selected in domesticated species can influence the morphological diversity of their wild relatives.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903542/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903542/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Tovi M -- vonHoldt, Bridgett M -- Candille, Sophie I -- Musiani, Marco -- Greco, Claudia -- Stahler, Daniel R -- Smith, Douglas W -- Padhukasahasram, Badri -- Randi, Ettore -- Leonard, Jennifer A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- Tang, Hua -- Wayne, Robert K -- Barsh, Gregory S -- P01 DK068384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK068384-050001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068882-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1339-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1165448. Epub 2009 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Coyotes/genetics ; Dogs/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Melanins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; Wolves/*genetics ; beta-Defensins/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    Signature of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in the modern biota (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-07
    Beschreibung: The long-term effects of mass extinctions on spatial and evolutionary dynamics have been poorly studied. Here we show that the evolutionary consequences of the end-Cretaceous [Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)] mass extinction persist in present-day biogeography. The geologic ages of genera of living marine bivalves show a significant break from a smooth exponential distribution, corresponding to the K/Pg boundary. The break reflects a permanent increase in origination rates, intermediate between the Mesozoic rate and the post-extinction recovery pulse. This global rate shift is most clearly seen today in tropical bioprovinces and weakens toward the poles. Coupled with the modern geographic distributions of taxa originating before and after the K/Pg boundary, this spatial pattern indicates that tropical origination rates after the K/Pg event have left a permanent mark on the taxonomic and biogeographic structure of the modern biota, despite the complex Cenozoic history of marine environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krug, Andrew Z -- Jablonski, David -- Valentine, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):767-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1164905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bivalvia/classification/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Seawater ; Time ; Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    No paradox for invasive plants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meisner, Annelein -- De Boer, Wietse -- Hol, W H Gera -- Krumins, Jennifer Adams -- Van Der Putten, Wim H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):814. doi: 10.1126/science.325_814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Development ; Plants/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Ecology. Western U.S. forests suffer death by degrees (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):447. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.447.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Climate ; *Coniferophyta/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Highly variable spread rates in replicated biological invasions: fundamental limits to predictability (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: Although mean rates of spread for invasive species have been intensively studied, variance in spread rates has been neglected. Variance in spread rates can be driven exogenously by environmental variability or endogenously by demographic or genetic stochasticity in reproduction, survival, and dispersal. Endogenous variability is likely to be important in spread but has not been studied empirically. We show that endogenously generated variance in spread rates is remarkably high between replicated invasions of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in laboratory microcosms. The observed variation between replicate invasions cannot be explained by demographic stochasticity alone, which indicates inherent limitations to predictability in even the simplest ecological settings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melbourne, Brett A -- Hastings, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1176138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. brett.melbourne@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes ; *Tribolium/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Controls on diatom biogeography in the ocean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: The extent to which the spatial distribution of marine planktonic microbes is controlled by local environmental selection or dispersal is poorly understood. Our ability to separate the effects of these two biogeographic controls is limited by the enormous environmental variability both in space and through time. To circumvent this limitation, we analyzed fossil diatom assemblages over the past ~1.5 million years from the world oceans and show that these eukaryotic microbes are not limited by dispersal. The lack of dispersal limitation in marine diatoms suggests that the biodiversity at the microbial level fundamentally differs from that of macroscopic animals and plants for which geographic isolation is a common component of speciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cermeno, Pedro -- Falkowski, Paul G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1539-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1174159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. pedro@uvigo.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Climatic Processes ; Databases, Factual ; *Diatoms/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/classification/genetics/physiology ; Seawater/*microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 91
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    Ecological restoration in the light of ecological history (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-01
    Beschreibung: Ecological history plays many roles in ecological restoration, most notably as a tool to identify and characterize appropriate targets for restoration efforts. However, ecological history also reveals deep human imprints on many ecological systems and indicates that secular climate change has kept many targets moving at centennial to millennial time scales. Past and ongoing environmental changes ensure that many historical restoration targets will be unsustainable in the coming decades. Ecological restoration efforts should aim to conserve and restore historical ecosystems where viable, while simultaneously preparing to design or steer emerging novel ecosystems to ensure maintenance of ecological goods and services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Stephen T -- Hobbs, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):567-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1172977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Jackson@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 92
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    Culling whales: ethically and ecologically wrong (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balata, David -- Mariani, Stefano -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):464. doi: 10.1126/science.324_464b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ethics ; Fishes ; *Whales
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Climate change. Sentinels of change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williamson, Craig E -- Saros, Jasmine E -- Schindler, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):887-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1169443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. craig.williamson@muohio.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; Carbon ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    Ecology. Last chance to save the 'panda of Indochina' (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1192-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1192a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Laos ; Population Dynamics ; *Ruminants ; Vietnam
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    A standardized response to biological invasions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rashid, Irfan -- Prakash Sharma, Gyan -- Esler, Karen J -- Reshi, Zafar A -- Khuroo, Anzar A -- Simpson, Annie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):146; author reply 146-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_146b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190 006, India. ecoirfan@yahoo.co.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Government Regulation ; *International Cooperation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Ecology. Dam project reveals secret sanctuary of vanishing deer (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1192. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1192b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Laos ; *Muntjacs ; Population Dynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Biofuels: beware crop residues (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lal, Rattan -- Pimentel, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1345-6; author reply 1346. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5958.1345-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biofuels ; Biomass ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; *Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Comment on "Functional traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an Amazonian forest" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-23
    Beschreibung: Kraft et al. (Reports, 24 October 2008, p. 580) used a variety of metrics describing the distribution of functional traits within a tropical forest community to demonstrate simultaneous environmental filtering and niche differentiation. We discuss how these results could have arisen from sampling design and statistical assumptions, suggesting alternative approaches that could better resolve these questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lake, Jeffrey K -- Ostling, Annette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1015; author reply 1015. doi: 10.1126/science.1169721.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Kraus Natural Sciences Building, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. lakejk@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Sampling Studies ; Selection Bias ; Species Specificity ; *Trees/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    A constant flux of diverse thermophilic bacteria into the cold Arctic seabed (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: Microorganisms have been repeatedly discovered in environments that do not support their metabolic activity. Identifying and quantifying these misplaced organisms can reveal dispersal mechanisms that shape natural microbial diversity. Using endospore germination experiments, we estimated a stable supply of thermophilic bacteria into permanently cold Arctic marine sediment at a rate exceeding 10(8) spores per square meter per year. These metabolically and phylogenetically diverse Firmicutes show no detectable activity at cold in situ temperatures but rapidly mineralize organic matter by hydrolysis, fermentation, and sulfate reduction upon induction at 50 degrees C. The closest relatives to these bacteria come from warm subsurface petroleum reservoir and ocean crust ecosystems, suggesting that seabed fluid flow from these environments is delivering thermophiles to the cold ocean. These transport pathways may broadly influence microbial community composition in the marine environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, Casey -- Loy, Alexander -- Nickel, Maren -- Arnosti, Carol -- Baranyi, Christian -- Bruchert, Volker -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Finster, Kai -- Christensen, Flemming Monsted -- Rosa de Rezende, Julia -- Vandieken, Verona -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- P 20185/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1541-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1174012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogeochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. chubert@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; Arctic Regions ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biodiversity ; *Cold Climate ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; Spores, Bacterial/*physiology ; Sulfates/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Paleontology. Megafaunal decline and fall (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1072-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1182770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. christopher.johnson@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Archaeology ; Ascomycota ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fires ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Indiana ; *Mammals ; North America ; Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Spores, Fungal ; Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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