ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Springer  (39,521)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6,503)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (46,024)
  • 1975  (46,024)
Collection
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (46,024)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The external morphology of 185 specimens from a genetically determined, gynandromorph producing line was investigated. To improve the classification of the zygotic female and azygotic male tissue the recessive eyecolour mutation chartreuse and the recessive body pigment mutation cordovan were incorporated. The whole body surface was subdivided into 50 organs or sections of organs. After classifying the sexual character of each of the 50 units mentioned above, male tissue was rated 0, female tissue 2 and mosaic pattern 1. In regard to the participation of male and female tissue in the outer morphology of the 185 gynandromorphs there were a greater number of specimens which showed a higher portion of male structures. But also gynandromorphs were found which looked nearly completely like drones or like worker bees, only tiny patches of tissue of the opposite sex could be identified on these organisms. Nearly all of the 50 organs or sections of organs showed a similar statistical distribution between the two sexes. Only compound eyes and ocelli had a higher tendency to maleness. Difficulties were encountered in the sexual classification of several organs; among these were the wings. Here shape and the bristle distribution on their surfaces sometimes indicated different sexual origins. The gonads showed this difficulty too. A comparison was made between the proportional number of zygotic and azygotic energids during early embryological stages and the final imaginal expression of the gynandromorphs. Explanations for the origin of the observed differences are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus einer genetisch determinierten, Gynandromorphen erzeugenden Linie wurden 185 Individuen in Hinblick auf ihre äussere Morphologie untersucht. Die Unterscheidung des zygot entstandenen weiblichen und azygot entstandenen männlichen Gewebes war mit Hilfe der rezessiven Augenmutation chartreuse und der rezessiven Körperpigmentmutation cordovan erleichtert. Die Körperoberfläche teilte ich in 50 Organe oder Organbereiche auf, deren geschlechtliche Ausprägung einzeln bestimmt wurde; männliches Gewebe erhielt den Wert 0, weibliches den Wert 2, Mosaikstruktur den Wert 1. Eine Aufgliederung der Organismen in Hinblick auf ihren Anteil an männlichem und weiblichem Gewebe ergab ein Uebergewicht der Tiere mit höherem männlichen Gewebeanteil. Es waren jedoch auch Typen mit nahezu einseitiger männlicher oder weiblicher Ausprägung vorhanden. Alle umgrenzten 50 Organe bzw Organbereiche erfuhren eine annähernd gleichmäßige statistische Aufteilung auf die beiden Geschlechter. Bei den Komplexaugen und Ocellen dominierte die männliche Ausprägung. Die Schwierigkeit eindeutiger geschlechtlicher Zuordnung einiger Organe wurde an den Flügeln demonstriert. Form und Borstenverteilung auf der Oberfläche zeigten mehrfach unterschiedliche geschlechtsspezifische Ausbildung. Für die schwierige geschlechtliche Klassifizierung der inneren Organe bilden die Gonaden ein Beispiel. Vergleiche zwischen den Zahlenwerten azygoter und zygoter Energiden im frühembryonalen Stadium und der imaginalen Ausprägung wurden vorgenommen und mögliche Ursachen für die proportionale Umverteilung während der Ontogenese aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In five spruce bogs of the Saguenay region in Québec the density of the antFormica dakotensis (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) varies from 174 to 7 colonies per hectare. This large variation of the density can be correlated with the physical and vegetation characteristics of the habitats. The observed density for the surveyed hectare of Saint-Ambroise is compared with densities estimated by sampling surfaces varying in size, number and distribution. The results show clearly that a study of an ant species productivity is influenced from the beginning by a number of variables which may give erroneous data if wrongly defined.
    Notes: Résumé Formica dakotensis (Formiciaae, Hymenoptera) affiche dans cinq pessières tourbeuses de la région du Saguenay, Québec, des densités variant de 174 à 7 colonies par hectare. Cette variation importante de la densité peut être mise en relation avec celle des caractéristiques physiques et végétales des biotopes étudiés. Les densités estimées à l'aide de surface-échantillons dont nous avons fait varier la dimension, le nombre et la répartition sont comparées à la densité observée pour l'hectare prospecté à Saint-Ambroise. Les résultats indiquent clairement que pour entreprendre une étude sur la productivité d'une espèce de fourmi, il faut tenir compte d'un certain nombre de paramètres, afin d'éviter de recueillir dès le départ des chiffres erronés.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous décrivons le cycle annuel de croissance et de récolte des termitières d'Odontotermes redemanni (Wasmann). La croissance du tumulus est rapide de novembre à mars, lorsque les précipitations et les températures ambiantes sont faibles. Le rythme de croissance des tumulus diminue à mesure que leur hauteur croît; la croissance s'arrête lorsque la hauteur atteint 2 mètres. L'activité de récolte est nocturne et courante de mars à septembre. Il y a une corrélation positive entre la surface de l'aire de récolte et la taille du tumulus.
    Notes: Summary The annual cycles of growth and foraging in the mounds of the eastern Indian mound building termiteOdontotermes redemanni (Wasmann) are described. The growth of the mound is rapid during November to March when both the rainfall and ambient temperature are low. Growth rate of the individual mounds declines as the mounds increase in height and stops at 200 cm. Foraging is nocturnal and common during March to September. The area foraged increases with the size of the mound and a positive correlation exists between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 225-235 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Une simulation du creusement de tunnels parFormica lemani a été réalisée à l'aide d'un computeur digital. Le modèle a permis de reproduire le taux d'excavation et certaines caractéristiques de la forme des tunnels creusés par cette espèce. 2. Le modèle appliqué àLasius niger a simulé correctement la forme des tunnels réels, mais a sous-estimé leur profondeur. 3. Chez les deux espèces, la variation individuelle des tunnels simulés est moins grande que celle des tunnels réels. Ceci pourrait être dû au fait que le modèle ne tient pas compte des différences entre fourmis. 4. Le modèle n'a pu reproduire les embranchements des tunnels deL. niger, ni les dédoublements de ceux deF. lemani.
    Notes: Summary 1. A computer model of the excavation behaviour of the antFormica lemani has simulated the rate of excavation and some features of the form of its tunnels. 2. The same model applied to another antLasius niger simulated the form of tunnels correctly but underestimated the depth of its tunnels. 3. In both species the individual variation predicted between different tunnels was less than that actually observed. This seems to be explained by the fact that the model did not incorporate individual differences between ants. 4. The model was unable to generate the branches ofL. niger tunnels, or the duplicated tunnels ofF. lemani.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of endogenous factors on the brood cycle and production of sexuals was investigated on laboratory colonies of the Myrmicine ant,Monomorium pharaonis (L.). This cycle is characterized by regular production of sexuals at intervals of 3–4 months; in between pure worker broods are produced. Both the number and the quality of the queens are very important for the length of the brood cycles: by removing all or some of the queens from the colony the differentiation of sexuals can always be induced — this impliestrophogenic caste determination. In «queenright» colonies sexual broods are induced at intervals of 3–4 months byphysiological queenlessness. On the grounds of her differential inhibition of sexual broods the life period of a queen can be divided into 3 phases: thejuvenile phase (partially inhibiting), the fully fertile phase (totally inhibiting) and thesenile phase (partially inhibiting sexual broods). Apart from this size and age of theworker population are important. During the breeding cycle an «avalanche of workers» develops; this is shown by the growth of the worker numbers as well as by the increasing weight of the newly emerging workers. In addition to physiological queenlessness the differentiation of sexuals occurs if the number of workers per queen exceeds a certainthreshold value, provided that the worker population mainly consists of nursing-workers. As the queens ofM. pharaonis generally are very short-lived (usually less than 200 days), one brood cycle approximately corresponds to their life cycle. The queens are superseded in their function by their first (and only) fertile descendants, so that there is always just one fully fertile generation of queens in the colony. This phenomenon seems to be unique in the polygynous Formicidae.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß populationseigener Faktoren auf Brutzyklus und Geschlechstieraufzucht der polygynen MyrmicineMonomorium pharaonis L. wurde experimentell untersucht. Dieser Zyklus zeichnet sich durch die ± regelmäßige Aufzucht von Geschlechtstieren im Abstand von 3–4 Monaten aus; dazwischen liegen reine Arbeiterinnenbruten. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß sowohl die Quantität als auch die Qualität der vorhandenen Königinnen für die Länge des Brutzyklus eine entscheidende Rolle spielt: durch Teil- oder Totalentweiselung läßt sich stets die Aufzucht von Geschlechstieren auslösen, ein Hinweis auftrophogene Kastendeterminierung. In der weiselrichtigen Kolonie werden Geschlechtstieraufzuchten durchphysiologische Weisellosigkeit induziert. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Hemmwirkung auf die Geschlechstieraufzucht kann das Leben der Königinnen in 3 Phasen eingeteilt werden:Juvenilphase (partiell hemmend), vollfertile Phase (total hemmend) undsenile Phase (partiell hemmend). Daneben sind Größe und Alter der Arbeiterinnenpopulation von Bedeutung: im Laufe des Brutzyklus entsteht eine Arbeiterinnenlawine, die sich außer im Zuwachs an Arbeiterinnen auch in einer steten Gewichtszunahme der neu schlüpfenden Arbeiterinnen manifestiert. Zusätzlich zur physiologischen Weisellasigkeit wirkt die Ueberschreitung eines bestimmtenSchwellenwertes von Arbeiterinnen zu Weibchen auslösend auf die Differenzierung neuer Geschlechtstiere. Weitere Voraussetzung ist allerdings, daß die Arbeiterinnenpopulation überwiegend aus Jungarbeiterinnen besteht. Da die Königinnen vonM. pharaonis extrem kurzlebig sind (im Normalfall weniger als 200 Tage) entspricht ein Brutzyklus in etwa ihrem Lebenszyklus. Die Königinnen werden von ihren ersten (und einzigen) fertilen Nachkommen in ihrer Funktion abgelöst, sodaß immer nur eine voll fertile Weibchengeneration in der Sozietät vorhanden ist. Dieses Phänomen ist für polygyne Formiciden-Arten bisher einmalig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwei Kolonien der polygynen Form vonFormica rufa L. wurden Weibchen mit vergrößerten Labialdrüsen gefunden. Sie unterschieden sich von normalen Weibchen durch braune Flecken auf dem schwarzen Scutum und ein etwas vergrößertes und abnormal gewölbtes Pronotum. Die Paarung dieser Weibchen verlief normal, danach wurde festgestellt daß die Spermatheca mit lebendem Sperma gefüllt war. Ihre Nachkommenschaft bestand aus normalen Arbeiterinnen und Arbeiterinnen mit vergrößerten Labialdrüsen (Wasmanns «Pseudogynen», Novaks «Secretergaten»). Es gab Hinweise daß, wenn sie überhaupt über Flugvermögen verfügen, dieses geringer ist als das der normalen Weibchen.
    Notes: Summary Females with enlarged labial glands were found in two colonies of the polygynous form ofFormica rufa L. They were distinguishable from normal females by more or less extensive brown patches on otherwise black scutums, and by slightly enlarged pronotums. They mated in the ordinary way; afterwards they were found to have their spermathecas full of living sperm and later produced normal workers and workers with enlarged labial glands (Wasmann's «pseudogynes», Novak's «secretergates»). There were indications that the power of flight, if any, was poorer than that of normal females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Tragen und Freilassen von Männchen, Weibchen und Arbeiterinnen durch Arbeiterinnen vonAcromyrmex versicolor versicolor ist eine tägliche Tätigkeit, welche meistens nach Beendigung der Futtersuche stattfindet. «Ausgestossene» Ameisen, bei deren Mehrzahl es sich um Geschlechtstiere handelt, werden unversehrt in verschiedenen Abständen vom Nesteingang freigelassen. Die meisten der so ausgestossenen Ameisen kehren sofort zum Nest zurück, um anschließend erneut zurückgewiesen zu werden. Das Tragen von Ameisen kann als ein Mechanismus zur Verbreitung ebenso dienen, wie als eine Funktion, die Kolonie von belastenden Mitgliedern zu befreien. Dieses Verhalten könnte außerdem dazu dienen, nicht zur Kolonie gehörende Individuen zu eliminieren. Gegenwärtig sind die Hinweise auf diese drei Hypothesen allerdings einander widersprechend.
    Notes: Summary The carrying and release of males, females, and workers byA. v. versicolor workers from the nest is a daily activity that principally occurs after the colony stops foraging. Ejected ants, the majority of which are sexual forms, are released unharmed at various distances from the nest opening. Most expelled ants return directly to the nest only to be rejected again. Ant carrying may serve as a colony dispersal mechanism as well as functioning to rid the colony of those members that are heavy drains on colony resources. The behavior may also function to exclude noncolony members. Present évidence pertaining to all three hypotheses, is, however, conflicting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 117-134 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors studied approximately 80.000 ant workers of Formica rufa-group collected in the years 1961–1974 in various regions of Poland. A total number of 39 teratological changes (in 0.05% of all tested ants) were described. In view of the paucity of papers published on this subject it is not possible to draw general conclusions as to the causes of these teratological variations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser haben ungefähr 80 000 Ameisen-Arbeiterinnen aus der Formica rufa-Gruppe untersucht, welche in den Jahren 1961–1974 in verschiedenen Teilen von Polen gesammelt wurden. Insgesamt werden 39 teratologische Veränderungen beschrieben, was ungefähr 0,05% der gesamten geprüften Individuen entspricht. Bisher wurden sehr wenig Arbeiten über dieses Thema veröffentlicht, so daß die Verfasser keine weitergehenden Schlußfolgerungen über die Ursachen der teratologischen Veränderungen ziehen konnten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Total production of ♂♂ and ergatomorphs in one brood period of 58 colonies ofHarpagoxenus sublaevis collected in the open during hibernation (experiment a: 25 colonies, brood rearing in the beginning of hibernation, experiment b: 33 colonies, brood rearing in spring time after a compete natural hibernation) was investigated (Tab. Ia and Ib). 2. Sexually active («locksterzelnde») potential queens and sexually inactive «primary workers» can be distinguished among the workerlike ergatomorphs. 3. The sex ratio (♂♂/sexually active ergatomorphs) is near 1:1 (experiment b). 4. The rate of sexually active ergatomorphs (63,3% of all ergatomorphs produced in experiment b) is much higher than the percentage of queens (14,4%) in the female brood of the related free-livingLeptothorax acervorum. Sexually active ergatomorphs remaining unmated may return to their mother colonies as «secondary workers». 5. The production of ♂♂ and ergatomorphs as well as the rate of sexually active ergatomorphs grow with increasing numbers of slaves per colony, but by far not proportionally to it (Tab. II). 6. The production numbers vary from colony to colony in an extraordinarily wide range. Some factors presumably responsible to this variation are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Gesamproduktion an ♂♂ und Ergatomorphen in einer Brutaufzucht von 58 im Freiland während der Überwinterung gesammelten Völkern (Versuch a: 25 Völker, Aufzucht zu Beginn der Überwinterung, Versuch b: 33 Völker, Aufzucht im Frühjar nach einer kompletten natürlichen Überwinterung) des sklavenhaltendenHarpagoxenus sublaevis wurde ermittelt (Tab. Ia und Ib). 2. Unter den Ergatomorphen lassen sich sexuell aktive (»locksterzelnde«) potentielle Königinnen und sexuell inaktive primäre unterscheiden. 3. Das Geschlechterverhältnis (♂♂/sexuell aktive Ergatomorphe) liegt nahe 1/1 (Versuch b mit 33 Völkern). 4. Der Anteil sexuell aktiver unter den Ergatomorphen liegt mit 63,3% (Versuch b) wesentlich höher als der Anteil der Königinnen (14,4%) in der weiblichen Brut des verwandten selbständigenLeptothorax acervorum. Unbegattet bleibende sexuell aktive Ergatomorphe können jedoch als »sekundäre « in ihr Mutternest zurückkehren. 5. Die Produktion von ♂♂ und Ergatomorphen sowie der Anteil der sexuell aktiven Ergatomorphen nehmen mit wachsender Anzahl der Sklaven im Volk zu, jedoch bei weitem nicht proportional zu dieser (Tab. II). 6. Die Produktionswerte streuen von Volk zu Volk außerordentlich breit; einige dafür vermutlich verantwortliche Faktoren werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 243-267 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The frontal gland of termites is a single tegumentary gland. In the soldiers of Rhinotermitidae it corresponds to an invagination which opens at the front of the head by the frontal pore or fontanelle. This gland is well developed and generally extends into a large part of the abdomen. Using scanning electron microscopy we state a more precise picture of the frontal weapon, which consists of the frontal gland, the pore and its associated cephalic structures (frons, clypeus and labrum) involved in the defensive system of the insect. Many isolated glandular pits occur on the labrum or around the frontal pore, forming in the latter case a punctured area. This morphological data is interpreted, as far as possible, from a functional point of view. These observations also permit us to extend the study of the phylogenetic relations within the Rhinotermitidae. The subfamilies are readily distinguishable, each having retained a group of primitive characters and developed a set of evolved characters. The Rhinotermitinae, with the exception of one genus,Prorhinotermes, possess a characteristic labral «daubing brush». They form a coherent group throughout which the gradual specialization of the frontal weapon can be traced. The genusProrhinotermes is therefore removed from the Rhinotermitinae the form a monotypic subfamily, Prorhinotermitinae (Subfam. nov.) characterised in the soldier caste by its oval head, toothless mandibles, small fontanelle, and lack of a labral brush.
    Notes: Résumé La glande frontale des termites est une glande tégumentaire impaire. Chez les soldats de Rhinotermitidae, elle forme une profonde invagination qui s'ouvre à l'avant de la tête par le pore frontal ou fontanelle. Cette glande est bien développée et s'étend généralement jusqu'à l'arrière du corps de l'insecte. A l'aide du microscope électronique à balayage, nous établissons une figuration plus précise de «l'arme frontale» constituée par l'ensemble de la glande frontale, du pore et des structures céphaliques (front, clypéus, labre) impliquées dans le fonctionnement défensif. De nombreux petits orifices glandulaires isolés répartis sur le labre ou à proximité du pore frontal, parfois rassemblés en une aire criblée, sont mis en évidence. Les données morphologiques obtenues sont interprétées autant que possible de façon fonctionnelle. Ces observations permettent égalment d'approfondir l'étude des relations phylogénétiques des Rhinotermitidae. Les diverses sous-familles apparaissent ainsi très nettement distinctes les unes des autres. Les représentants de chacune d'elles ont conservé un assortiment différent de caractères primitifs et développé un jeu différent de caractères évolués. Les Rhinotermitinae, à l'exception du genreProrhinotermes, possèdent une «brosse à enduire» labrale caractéristique et forment un ensemble cohérent au sein duquel on peut suivre les perfectionnements graduels de l'arme frontale. Nous avons détaché le genreProrhinotermes des Rhinotermitinae et l'avons inclus dans une sous-famille autonome, plus primitive, celle des Prorhinotermitinae (Subfam. nov.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die jahreszeitliche Variation der Körpergrösse der Arbeiterinnen vonLasioglossum (Dialictus)-Arten ist mit dem Grad der Sozialität (gesessen etwa an der Lebensdauer der Königinnen) korreliert, den die betreffenden Arten erreicht haben. Ein interspezifischer Vergleich der Grösse der Variation ergibt ein einfaches Mass der Sozialität der Arten. Verschiedene Muster der jahreszeitlichen Variation der Körpergrösse können unterschieden werden. In Arten mit niedriger Sozialität scheinen diese Muster von exogenen Faktoren, wie Temperatur und Tageslänge, kontrolliert zu werden, in sozial höheren Arten dagegen von endogenen (kolonieeigenen).
    Notes: Summary For species ofLasioglossum, subgenusDialictus, the amount of seasonal body size variation of worker bees is correlated with indicators of the level of sociability attained by the species, such as queen longevity. Interspecific comparison of the amount of variation gives a simple measure of the level of sociality of the species. Different patterns of seasonal body size variation can be controlled by factors such as temperature and day length which are exogenous to the colony but in species with higher levels of sociality these patterns may be controlled endogenously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Camponotus vividus is an arboricolous ant that forages primarily during daytime. Its hunting activity is highest around 6 a.m. and 5 p.m. The structure of the nest is polycalic and the colony numbers several thousands of ants. Workers forage within a hirizontal range of 30 to 40 meters from the nest and on the trees up to a height of about 60 meters. They usually perform this task in groups. The foraging area gradually moves around with time. Most variations of bioclimatic factors do not seem to exert any direct influence on the period of activity. These ants respond only to light when they start hunting, and they stop when it rains heavily on the foliage. An analysis of their made through collecting specimens brought to the nest indicates that about 80 % of the total food is of vegetable origin. They also tend Homoptera. The proteins in their diet is obtained through predation on insects. Comparisons with other local species of the genus indicate a good exploitation of the potentials of the conmunity: diets are complementary, peaks of activity are spread in time, and hunting areas never overlop.
    Notes: Résumé Camponotus vividus est une fourmi arboricole dont l'activité de prospection s'exerce de jour. Elle présente deux pics d'activité vers 6 heures et 17 heures. Le nid est polycalique et la société adulte compte plusieurs milliers d'individus. Les ouvrières chassent dans un rayon de 30 à 40 mètres autour des calies et montent jusque dans la canopée à 60 mètres du sol. Les produits d'origine végétale, principalement sous forme de gommes, représentent plus de 80 % de l'alimentation, le reste étant constitué d'insectes. Le comportement de chasse des diverses espèces deCamponotus favorise l'exploitation optimale des ressources du milieu par l'utilisation de régimes alimentaires complémentaires, unddécalage dans le temps des périodes d'activité maximale et une séparation spatiale des aires prospectées.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In the northern and central sections of the San Andreas Fault Zone, and along Calaveras and Hayward faults, clay gouges have been found to occur on the surface and at shallow depths. It is consistent with the available geochemical data that such gouges can exist at depths down to 10 km. If extensive gouge materials exist in a fault zone then their properties will determine, to a large extent, the behavior of the fault. From known properties of clays in the presence of water we can infer that, in such cases, the tectonic stress and the stress drops for earthquakes will be low and substantial creep will take place before earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 107-118 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The relation between remanent magnetization and volumetric strain for gabbro samples stressed in uniaxial compression inside a near zero-field μ-metal shield has been examined. For samples with an induced IRM parallel to the axis of compression, remanent magnetization decreased linearly up to the onset of dilatancy. As increased stress produced additional dilatancy, the variation of remanent magnetization became nonlinear, and the stress dependence continually decreased until the rock failed. Stress cycling with the peak stress augmented for each cycle produced a continuous decrease in the zero stress value of the IRM although an appreciable amount of recovery was observed during unloading. When the sample was loaded in constant stress increments after the onset of dilatancy and held for several minutes at each level, time-dependent variations in remanent magnetization coincided with time-dependent increases in inelastic volumetric strain. In general as the inelastic creep rate increases, the rate of change in remanent magnetization increases. These results suggest that dilatancy related effects of the intensity of rock magnetization should be observed in magnetic rocks in epicentral regions prior to earthquakes and may serve as both long- and short-term precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Deformation causes changes in gravity even though the measuring station is fixed relative to the center of the earth and the total mass in the vicinity of the station does not change. Deformation has two effects: the density at a point changes in response to changes in local stresses and the point itself moves relative to the station. The general expression derived here shows that the gravity change depends on the uplift immediately beneath the station and the deformation of cavities at depth — cracks, pores, magma reservoirs, etc. The approximation is made that density is uniform except for cavities, but no assumptions about the constitutive behavior of the medium are necessary. The gravity change studied here shows interesting analogies with the gravity effect due to buried bodies with anomalous density. For example, I find that the net volume change due to deformation can be found by integrating the gravity anomaly over the earth's surface, in analogy with the calculations for excess mass. The theory is especially useful when both deformation and net fluid flow into or out of the system occurs. The results are applied to uplift and gravity changes observed during the great Alaskan earthquake, the Matsushiro earthquake swarm, and a draw-down operation at the Wairakei geothermal field. The data at Wairakei are used to estimate the net amount of water taken from the aquifer. The data at Matsushiro is not sufficiently precise to discriminate between the various mechanisms that have been proposed, but the Alaskan earthquake data suggest that no dilatancy or fluid flow occurred between the survey in 1962 and the resurvey in 1964 just after the event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A physical interpretation of empirical formulas for earthquake magnitude (M) and spatial extents of land deformation and aftershock area is attempted on the basis of a dilatancy model. It is demonstrated that the precursor time interval (τ) vs.M relation approximately fits in that for the τ vs. typical length of earthquake zone provided the above formulas hold good. A diffusion process in a dilatant region seems also to account for these approximate formulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 169-181 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Similar precursory phenomena have been observed before earthquakes in the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China. Two quite different physical models are used to explain these phenomena. According to a model developed by US seismologists, the so-called dilatancy diffusion model, the earthquake occurs near maximum stress, following a period of dilatant crack expansion. Diffusion of water in and out of the dilatant volume is required to explain the recovery of seismic velocity before the earthquake. According to a model developed by Soviet scientists growth of cracks is also involved but diffusion of water in and out of the focal region is not required. With this model, the earthquake is assumed to occur during a period of falling stress and recovery of velocity here is due to crack closure as stress relaxes. In general, the dilatancy diffusion model gives a peaked precursor form, whereas the dry model gives a bay form, in which recovery is well under way before the earthquake. A number of field observations should help to distinguish between the two models: study of post-earthquake recovery, time variation of stress and pore pressure in the focal region, the occurrence of pre-existing faults, and any changes in direction of precursory phenomena during the anomalous period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 69-86 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three types of triaxial compression experiments are used to characterize the frictional processes during sliding on quartz gouge. They are: 1) pre-cut Tennessee Sandstone sliding on an artificial layer of quartz gouge; 2) fractured Coconino Sandstone sliding along experimentally produced shear fractures; and 3) a fine-grained quartz aggregate deformed in compression. The specimens were deformed to 2.0 kb confining pressure at room temperature and displacement rates from 10−2 to 10−5 cm/sec dry and with water. There is a transition in sliding mode from stick-slip at confining pressures〈0.7 kb to stable sliding at〉0.7 kb. This transition is accompanied by a change from sliding at the sandstone-gouge contact (stick-slip) to riding on a layer of cataclastically flowing gouge (stable sliding). Quartz gouge between the pre-cut surfaces of Tennessee Sandstone lowers both the kinetic coefficient of friction and the magnitude of the stick-slip stress drops compared to those for a pre-cut surface alone. Stick-slip stress drops are preceded by stable sliding at displacements of 10−5 cm/sec. For a decrease in displacement rate between 10−3 and 10−5 cm/sec, stress-drops magnitudes increase from 25 to 50 bars. Tests on saturated quartz gouge show sufficient permeability to permit fluidpressure equilibrium within compacted gouge in 10 to 30 seconds; thus the principle of effective stress should hold for the fault zone with quartz gouge. Our results suggest that at effective confining pressures of less than 2.0 kb, if a fault zone contains quartz gouge, laboratory-type stick-slip can be an earthquake-source mechanism only if a planar sliding-surface develops, and then only when the effective confining pressure is less than 0.7 kb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Opening of cracks before an earthquake (dilatancy) causes inelastic crustal uplift. Raising the pore pressure in these cracks as pore fluid diffuses into the dilatant zone produces further elastic uplift. Since the time between resaturation of the dilatant zone and the earthquake is shorter than the life of thev p /v s anomaly, the elastic uplift is less than the inelastic. The magnitude of thev p /v s anomaly gives a lower bound on the compressibility of the dilatant zone. Velocity and uplift measurements lead to the conclusion that if dilatancy occurred before the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, the pore pressure in the hypocentral region at the time of the event must have been at least an order of magnitude below hydrostatic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A radiative-conductive model is constructed to study short-term effects of various carbon dioxide concentrations on the atmospheric boundary layer for different seasons. The distribution of the exchange coefficient is modeled with the aid of the KEYPS formula. Infrared radiation calculations are carried out by means of the emissivity method and by assuming that water vapor and carbon dioxide are the only radiatively active gases. Global radiation is computed by specification of Linke's turbidity factor. It is found that doubling the carbon dioxide concentration increases the temperature near the ground by approximately one-half of one degree if clouds are absent. A sevenfold increase of the present normal carbon dioxide concentration increases the temperature near the ground by approximately one degree. Temperature profiles resulting from presently observed carbon dioxide concentration and convective cloudiness of 50% or less are compared with those resulting from doubled carbon dioxide concentrations and the same amounts of cloud cover. Again, it is found that a doubling of carbon dioxide increases the temperature in the lower boundary layer by about one-half of one degree. The present results are obtained on the basis of fixed temperature boundary conditions as contrasted to the study ofManabe andWetherald (1967). Howeve, the conclusions are not addressed to global climate change, but to the distribution of the temperature of the air layer near the ground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 419-433 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Geophysical survey data represent a class of information currently subjected to computer contouring techniques. The gridded network is a feature inherent to a large portion of these surveys. Taking advantage of this feature, a simple and highly efficient computer program has been developed, minimizing the contouring effort in terms of the money, time and programming involved in the interpretation process. The program includes interpolation between data points in two directions, determination of contour line coordinates, and subsequent plotting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 183-196 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A dilatancy model is presented which seems capable of simulating the results of laboratory tests on rock samples. The fundamental assumption incorporated in the model is that dilatancy is caused by the opening of cracks, where the cracks open in the least compressive stress direction (Brace et al., 1966). Its simplicity and compatibility with numerical techniques, involving the simulation of both static and dynamic stress fields, permits prediction of dilatancy induced effects for stress states and loading conditions which are not experimentally attainable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 219-227 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary More than 20 coseismic resistivity steps were observed by a resistivity variometer at a station about 60 km south of Tokyo during a six-year period of observation. The logarithmic magnitude of steps normalized to an epicentral distance (δ) of 100 km is linearly correlated to earthquake magnitude (M). The larger the earthquake magnitude is, the longer is the time required for completing a resistivity step. Earthquakes, that produced a step, as plotted on anM-δ graph are clearly separated by a straight line $$M = - 12.5 + 2.5\log _{10} \Delta $$ from those that did not produce a step, δ being measured in units of km. The straight line is approximately equivalent to a resolution of strain steps of the order of 10−9. As the smallest rate of resistivity change that can be observed by the variometer is 10−5 or so, it is apparent that mechanical strain is amplified by a factor of 104 or thereabouts when it is measured in terms of resistivity change. Some of the steps are preceded by a premonitory effect. When long-period changes, mostly due to tidal loadings, are eliminated by a numerical filtration technique, precursors are brought out very clearly in a number of cases. The precursor time ranges from 1 to 7 hours and appears to be independent of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 735-746 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract High resolution 3-cm weather radar was used to observe the three dimensional structure of a weak echo region of a severe convective storm in northern Minnesota, U.S.A. Observations show that a seemingly steady-state updraft in the lower portion of the storm broke into an unsteady structure in the upper levels. This is interpreted as indicating that precipitation loading gradually decelerated the upper reaches of the updraft, resulting in periodic breakout of a new updraft core on the inflow side. This periodic behavior of the updraft may be related to hailstreaks and what has been termed the multi-celled storm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 281-292 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Teleseismic arrivals for large earthquakes occurring in the Circum-Pacific seismic source regions have been analysed forP-velocity variations prior to the February 24, 1972, Bear Valley earthquake at several stations in the vicinity of Bear Valley, California. The teleseismic arrivals have been analysed by the method of two-station residuals and corrected for observed azimuthal variations. The data covers the time period of July, 1971, through April, 1972, and suggests that during part of January, 1972, aP-velocity anomaly occurred beneath station BVL 2 km from the epicenter of the magnitude 5.1 Bear Valley event. A maximum vertical travel time delay of 0.15 seconds is observed. No other anomalous behavior associated with this event is suggested by the data for the other stations ranging from 7 to 19 km from the event's epicenter. These results support an anomalous zone of limited size with a maximum horizontal extent of less than 5 km perpendicular and about 10 km parallel to the San Andreas fault relative to the epicenter and confined within a 5 to 10 km portion of the uppermost crust. Also aP-velocity delay for waves travelling essentially along the intermediate stress axis would imply in this case that theP-velocity anomaly is caused by a bulk modulus mechanism such as that proposed by the dilatancy-fluid flow theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 293-296 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quarry blasts provide an excellent source of waves with which to study temporal variations of seismic travel times. Using sources from several active quarries we found no time changes at Gold Hill (GHC), California from 7 months before the 1966 Parkfield mainshock to at least 13 months following the event. GHC is within 0.5 km of the zone of ground breakage associated with the earthquake. This event was one of the largest to occur in central California since 1906. The negative result of our experiment does not rule out the existence of an anomaly prior to the event, rather it emphasizes the difficulty of detecting such anomalies without a fortuitous combination of sources and stations. The routine monitoring of temporal changes in seismic velocity along the San Andreas fault may require not only dense networks of high quality seismic stations, but also sources whose spatial location and origin time can be controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary As a part of the Japanese earthquake prediction programme, deep borehole observation of the earth's crustal activities has been planned in and around Tokyo by the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention. The first place selected was in the city of Iwatsuki, about 30 km from the centre of Tokyo. Starting in 1970, the main construction was completed at the end of 1973. The tentative observation of micro-earthquakes and crustal movement by tiltmeters has been carried out since May, 1973. As expected, noise at the bottom of the hole (3500 m depth) is extremely small, about 1/1000–1/300 of that at the surface. We could, possibly, detect earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 2.0 within 50 km radius from the Iwatsuki observatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Lunar barometric tidal determinations (L 2) have been made by the Chapman-Miller method for Zürich (493 m) and Säntis (2000 m) based on 49 years' data. The seasonal variations ofL 2 are much larger at Zürich than on the Säntis summit. However, a comparison with the five other pairs of stations for which tidal determinations at different altitudes, but short horizontal distances, are available do not indicate that this result is as an altitude effect, nor do they show any other systematic differences betweenL 2 at the lower and the higher station. The solar tidal determinations agree well with those made byEggenberger (1944) and fit in with those obtained for other stations. From the difference between the pressure oscillations at Zürich and on Säntis the corresponding meantemperature oscillations of the air column between the two stations has been computed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 389-402 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary New measurements on the stratospheric distribution of H2, CH4, CO and N2O are presented and used to demonstrate the natural variability of the trace gas concentrations. The present CH4 and H2 measurements and data from older balloon flights are combined to give average vertical profiles. These profiles are compared with water vapor data from various authors to see if the vertical decrease in CH4 is matched by a corresponding increase in H2O. By comparing the average measured profiles to those predicted by a one-dimensional chemical model, profiles of the vertical eddy diffusion coefficientk z are deduced. Generally, a barrier in the low stratosphere and increasing transport in middle and upper stratosphere seem required to match theoretical and experimental profiles. The limitations of the calculatedk z are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 461-466 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A migration pattern is found for epicenters of the largest earthquakes which occurred between 1918 and 1964 inclusive. The pattern indicates that for three consecutive earthquakes which occurred at a predetermined distance of each other in a seismic belt, the third earthquake tends to be located close to the first one, and not away from it. The hypothesis that the reverse migration pattern is not true, can be accepted at statistical significance levels of only 5% or lower. A tectonophysical explanation of the pattern is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 577-581 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The determination of the residual circulation is essential to the interpretation of the sedimentation pattern. The classical picture of the residual circulation in the Southern Bight could not explain the observation of mud deposition in front of the Belgian coast. Hence, a more refined model was built where, although the shear and the Reynolds stresses are approximated by dispersion terms, the tidal stress was explicitly calculated using a preliminary tidal model. It is shown that the new model predicts the existence of a residual gyre off the Belgian coast which, increasing the residence time of the water masses and in particular the entrained water from the Scheldt estuary, fully explains the observed sedimentation pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A comparison is made between the multimode Rayleigh wave response to strike-slip fault motion in earth models with and without a low-velocity channel in the upper mantle. On the basis of this and previous studies it is concluded that for any focal mechanism the higher-mode amplitude spectra are useful for discriminating between the two types of structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 257-280 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary About twenty blasts are used to determine crustal structure and to monitor temporal seismic velocity changes in southern California. The shot time is determined up to 10 msec by using a disposable pick-up placed directly on the explosive. About 17 permanent stations and 20 temporary stations are used for the recordings. With a fast paper speed (typically 1 cm/sec) and the WWVB radio signals superposed on the seismic trace, absolute timing accuracy of up to 10 msec is achieved. A representative structure thus determined consists of a 4 km thick 5.5 km/sec layer underlain successively by 23.4 km thick 6.3 km/sec layer, 5.0 km thick 6.8 km/sec layer and 7.8 km/sec half space. The details of the lower crust are somewhat uncertain. This structure can explain the travel time data, corrected for the station and source elevations and for the station delays, to ±0.15 sec. Small but systematic temporal velocity changes up to 3% have been found for some of the profiles. If the effect of the migration of the shot point is small enough, these changes are larger than experimental errors and represent real temporal change in the material property between the shot point and the stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 673-682 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Records from Swedish seismograph stations of underwater explosions in northern Scandinavia on 1 and 3 August, 1972-the so-called ‘Blue Road’ experiment-are used to calculate the average structure of an assumed two-layered crust. This model can serve as a basis in the process of locating earthquakes and explosions in and near the Scandinavian area. The values of the wave velocities with their standard deviations are (km/s):Pn 7.87±0.02,P * 6.69,Pgl 6.27±0.03,Sn 4.55±0.03,S * 3.69±0.03,Sgl 3.54±0.02,Sg2 3.40±0.01 andRg 2.81±0.02. Except forRg, these values, like those of the thicknesses of the two horizontal layers-the granitic layer 10 km and the basaltic layer 26 km-are similar to the values found byBåth [1] in 1971 for the same area. A more extensive material from explosions at various places in and around Sweden would give still more reliable values and might also be helpful in the construction of more local travel-time tables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 683-693 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The earthquake activity in Europe is investigated in the paper using return periods of earthquakes in fifteen European seismic regions. The variations of return periods are compared with the fundamental structure of Europe and with the observed migrations of epicentres. The probabilities of occurrence of earthquakes and their return periods are obtained by applying the theory of largest values to the data in Kárník'sCatalogue of European Earthquakes 1901–1967.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 713-734 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure and dynamics of severe convective storms and their mesoscale environments is described on the basis of current literature. Numerical modeling of regional and cloud-scale meteorology is reviewed with respect to its contribution to the understanding of convective storm evolution. Observation techniques are surveyed briefly. Critical questions, principally on the triggering of convective storms, are listed and a U.S. national program (Project SESAME) aimed at answering them is briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 747-764 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Migration velocities of convective storms are summarized for six situations, with different environmental wind fields. Small-and medium-sized storms generally moved to left of the direction of, and at speeds somewhat less than, the vector mean wind in the troposphere. Large-diameter (ca. 20–30 km) storms generally deviated to the right, in proportion to their sizes and to the veering of wind with height. This behavior, and the tendency for large storms to move appreciably slower than the mean wind, are even more pronounced when giant clusters of thunderstorms are considered. An example is analyzed in which a multicellular storm, 80 km wide, moved 55° to right of the mean wind and with half its speed. This behavior results from a characteristic pattern of propagation, in which new cells tend to form on the general upwind side of the cluster, with the larger and more intense cells developing on its right flank. The individual cells move through the cluster, dissipating on approach to its advancing and left flanks. Preferential formation of cells toward the rear side of the cluster is shown to be compatible with the probable origin and trajectories (relative to the moving storm) of air ascending from the lower part of the subcloud layer. The sometimes-observed rapid movement of large multicellular storms to left of the mean wind is partly accounted for by an opposite (left forward flank) pattern of propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 837-849 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The latent heat released by cumulus clouds is very important to the energies of many large-scale tropical disturbances. The number of cumulus clouds involved in these disturbances is usually very large. The collective effects of cumulus clouds must therefore be incorporated into a large-scale model in a parameterized fashion. Present parameterization schemes are briefly reviewed. Recent advances in our understanding of the control and feedback processes between cumulus clouds and the large-scale circulations are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the implications of the results of recent diagnostic studies on the future development of the theory of cumulus parameterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 851-867 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of air flow in and around convective clouds are summarized and discussed in light of the requirements for parameterization of midlatitude convection. Both theory and observation indicate that a substantial portion of the compensating subsidence occurs as dry downdrafts in the immediate vicinity of convective clouds, which suggests that an additional physical mechanism is necessary in linking convection to the large scale. A conceptual three-dimensional model of midlatitude organized convection along with its implications for parameterization, particularly in mesoscale modeling, is presented. The effects of moist downdrafts are also considered and some differences between midlatitude and tropical convection are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 909-923 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Equations are developed to describe the energetics of atmospheric convection as simulated by a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical cloud model with parameterized microphysics of the liquid phase. Expressions that are compatible with the Boussinesq cloud model are given for specific energy, energy density, and energy flux at each grid point, and variations in time and space are considered. Energy is subdivided into categories, including kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal enthalpy, and latent enthalpy, so that the relative importance of various cloud properties and processes to the transformation and redistribution of energy can be studied. One of the prime goals of the investigation is to gain better understanding of the ways in which cloud-scale convection in an ensemble of cells affects circulations of larger scale. A description of the use of the energy equations in an actual numerical experiment is given in a companion report.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 163-181 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparison of two genetic stocks ofCampanularia flexuosa revealed consistent differences with respect to (1) the number of eggs present in the maturefemale reproductive body (gonangium), (2) the level on each upright stem at which the first gonangium forms, and (3) their preference for the formation of reproductive versusvegetative (side-branch) structures. Alterations in food intake established the optimum feeding level for maximal production of structurally normal gonangia and also showed differences between stocks in the effects of reduced food intake on gonangial versus vegetative growth. A staging series for gonangiogenesis was developed from observations of filling of the gonangium with primordial egg cells (PEC), gonangial elongation, funnel maturation and oogenesis. When upright segments bearing immature gonangia are isolated from the stolon the gonangia frequently resorb, transform into vegetative outgrowths, or form structurally abnormal gonangia bearing fewer germ cells than normal. These responses, and the observed accumulation of PEC at sites of presumptive gonangial outgrowth, support a stolonic origin hypothesis for PEC and implicate PEC and oocytes in the initiation, maintenance and maturation of structurally normal gonangia. In addition, continued differentiation of the gonangial structure appears to be necessary for oocyte maturation. Possible mechanisms for somatic and gametic cell recruitment, and the theoretical importance of cellular proliferation, aging, cell-shape changes, cell movement and cellular interactions in normal gonangial differentiation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This work, performed by immunofluorescence on the mouse embryo, makes use of the remarkable specificity of human pathological anti-striated and anti-smooth muscle auto-antibodies. It makes it possible, on the one hand, to date the appearance of smooth muscle Actomyosin during embryogenesis, and, on the other hand, to witness the appearance of immunological distinctions between contractile proteins of smooth and striated muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 205-233 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zeitrafferfilme vonPimpla-Eiern, in denen drei verschiedene Dichtegradienten erzeugt worden sind (Nuss, 1974), haben die Analyse der dynamischen Bedingungen ermöglicht, die dem geordneten Ablauf der intravitellinen Furchung, der Ooplasmabewegungen und der Verteilung der Energiden zugrunde liegen. Die Ergebnisse über die lokale subletale Belastbarkeit des Eies hatten dazu geführt, ein Faktorensystem zu postulieren, das auf einer Zylinderwand im Zentralplasma um die Eilängsachse angeordnet (Nuss, 1974) und die Grundlage ist für das zentralplasmatische Strömungssystem mit marginal plasmatischem Gegenstrom (Bruhns, 1974). Zentrifugierte Eier, die sich normal weiterentwickeln, zeigen im Zeitrafferfilm keine Beeinflussung der longitudinalen Strömungen und der Kernwanderung durch die verschiedene Schichtung nach Kreiseln, Schleudern in kleinem und in großem Abstand. Ooplasmabewegungen können unabhängig von der Anordnung der lichtmikroskopisch sichtbaren und verlagerbaren Ooplasmabestandteile stattfinden. Mit Hilfe von Aberrationen im Furchungsverlauf nach Zentrifugierung lassen sich drei Komponenten des Stütz- und Bewegungssystems unterscheiden. 1. Dersubmikroskopische longitudinale Strömungsmechanismus kann durch Erzeugung von Dichtegradienten nicht im Ei seitlich verschoben werden. Er entspricht dem potentiellen zylindrischen Faktorensystem, das bei Beschleunigung über 5800 g gehemmt wird oder noch restituierbar ist und bei totaler Belastung über 10000 g zerstört wird. Die Eier zeigen in diesem Falle keine longitudinalen Strömungen, ihr Inhalt schichtet sich entsprechend der Erdgravitation um. Der Strömungsmechanismus hat zugleich Stützfunktion für die normale Eiarchitektur. Nach der Aktivierung des Eies bei der Ablage, etwa während der Mischbewegung und Periplasmabildung muß auch derStrömungsmechanismus strukturell hergestellt und für die unipolaren Strömungen funktionsfähig werden. Der Initialbereich bipolarer Fontänenströmungen kann in zentrifugierten Eiern etwas längs verschoben oder auch nicht ausgeprägt sein; trotzdem schlüpfen normale Larven. 2. Nach Überbelastung der gesamten Eiarchitektur treten Polräume nicht auf und die während der unipolaren Strömungen gebildeten gehen durch die Zentrifugation wieder verloren. Diese Erscheinung kann unabhängig vom Strömungsmechanismus auftreten sowie fehlen, so daß ein speziellerMechanismus für Ooplasmakontraktionen zu postulieren ist. Er dürfte nahe der Eioberfläche zu suchen sein. Die später auftretenden ringförmigen Ooplasmakontraktionen könnten in synergistischem Zusammenhang mit der Ausprägung bipolarer Fontänenströmungen stehen. 3. Strömungsmechanismus und Kontraktionsmechanismus können unabhängig von der Anwesenheit von Kernen funktionieren. Andererseits können Furchungsenergiden unabhängig von ihnen wandern. Als wesentlicherKernwanderungsmechanismus darf auch fürPimpla der “Migrationsaster” (Wolf, 1973) angesehen werden, mit dessen Hilfe der Kern transportiert und sein Hof vergrößert werden kann. Die Entschichtung findet nämlich dort statt, wo Kerne wandern, sich vermehren und neue Höfe bilden, also das Ooplasma umgesetzt wird. In einer caudalen Eihälfte ohne Fontänenströmung können die Kerne sich allseits ausbreiten und direkt die Eioberfläche erreichen. 4. Die Ausprägung eines vorderen (Fz), mittleren (Dz) und hinteren Initialbereiches (Bz) der Ooplasmaströmungen in zentrifugierten Eiern wird diskutiert. Die unipolaren Strömungen erscheinen notwendig für den Transport der Vorkerne in das Furchungszentrum (Fz). Die dort aktivierte Kernwanderung ist auf einen kleinen Raum umgesetzten Ooplasmas beschränkt, der als Ganzes mit der Transferströmung nach hinten ins Differenzierungszentrum (Dz) verlagert wird. Wenn Kerne auf diesem Wege liegen bleiben, ist die cephale Fontänenströmung nicht ausgeprägt, während nur die caudale die gegen Ende der Kernteilungen wandernden Energiden vomDz nach hinten trägt. Der Strömungsmechanismus muß eine Sperre für Migrationsaster sein, so daß sie nicht radial wandern können. Aber auch polwärts werden sie als Kernfront koordiniert und in der Strömungsfront gehalten, denn entsprechende Hemmzonen prägen sich imDz und im Bildungszentrum (Bz) in Eiern mit geschädigtem Kernsystem aus. Infolge des longitudinalen Strömungsmechanismus reagieren die radial wandernden Furchungsenergiden etwa gleichzeitig mit dem Marginalplasma und bilden Nukleolen aus. Da aber normale Larven auch nach aberrantem Furchungsverlauf schlüpfen können, darf man auf Isopotenz der Furchungsenergiden im Zentralplasma schließen.
    Notes: Summary Films ofPimpla eggs in which three different density gradients were produced (Nuss, 1974) made it possible to analyse the dynamic conditions that form the basis for the correct course of cleavage, of ooplasm movements and the distribution of energids. The results of sublethal stresses on the eggs led to the postulate that there is a system of factors which are arranged in a cylindrical wall in the central plasm flowing system, linked with the marginal streaming in opposite direction (Bruhns, 1974). Centrifuged eggs developing normally do not show any visible change in longitudinal streaming or in energid migration, as a result of the different stratification after spinning or after swinging at a short distance as well further from the rotational axis. Ooplasmic movements can take place independently of the arrangement of shiftable constituents visible in the light microscope. From the means of cleavage aberrations that result from centrifugation three components of the supporting and moving system can be distinguished. 1. The submicroscopic longitudinal flowing mechanism can not be shifted in a lateral direction within the egg by density gradients. It corresponds to the potential cylindrical system of factors which is either hindered or able to be restired after accelerations above 5800 g but which is destroyed when the whole egg is stressed at 10000 g. In this case, the eggs do not show any longitudinal flowings and their ingredients shift according to the gravitational forces. The flowing mechanism helps to, also supporting the normal egg architecture. After the egg has been activated, during the mixing motion and the formation of periplasm the flowing mechanism has to be completed in structure and put in working order for the unipolar flows. In centrifuged eggs, the initial region of the fountain flow may be shifted along the egg axis or it may not be distinctly visible, nevertheless normal larvae appear. 2. When the whole egg architecture has been overstressed, polar caps do not appear and those already formed during the unipolar flows are lost. This contraction of ooplasm may happen not, missing independently of the flowing mechanism, so that we have to postulate a specialmechanism of ooplasmic contraction. It should be found near the egg surface. The annular ooplasm contractions which appear later in cleavage might be in synergistic connexion with the bipolar fountain flows. 3. The flowing mechanism and the mechanism of contraction can function independently of the presence of energids. On the other hand the energids are able to migrate independently of flows. An essentialmechanism of energid migration might be the “migration aster” (Wolf, 1973); by its means the nucleus is transported and its cytoplasmic island can be extended. The redistribution begins just where energids migrate, multiply and from new cytoplasmic islands, i.e. where ooplasm is converted. In a caudal half of the egg without fountain flow the nergids are able to go in all directions and to reach the egg surface directly way. 4. The distinct formation of an anterior (Fz), a medium (Dz) and a posterior initial region (Bz) of ooplasm flows in centrifuged eggs is discussed. The unipolar flows appear to be necessary to lead the pronuclei into the cleavage center (Fz). Energid migration which is activated, is limited to a small region of converted ooplasm which is transported as a whole by transfer flow into differentiation center (Dz). If energids remain along this route the cephalic fountain does not appear: meanwhile the caudal one transports the energids from theDz towards the caudal end of the egg. The flowing mechanism must be a barrier to migration asters so that they are not able to extend in a radial direction. But also towards the poles they are coordinated to form a streaming front, for in eggs with damaged energid systems, corresponding flow resistance regions are formed. In consequence of the longitudinal flowing mechanism the cleavage energids, when migrating in a radial direction, react at about the same time as the marginal plasm and form nucleoli. Because normal larvae hatch from eggs with an aberrant course of cleavage, energids in the central plasm must be isopotent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 309-322 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polychaeta ; Nereidae ; Prostomium ; Regeneration ; Hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Platynereis dumerilii besitzt nur sehr eingeschränkte Fähigkeiten zum Ersatz vorderer Körperbereiche: lediglich das Prostomium kann regeneriert werden unter der Voraussetzung, daß ein Teil dieser Strukturin situ verbleibt. Günstigstenfalls wird ein vollständiges, verkleinertes Prostomium mit allen Sinnesorganen gebildet; in den meisten Fällen entstehen aber asymmetrische unpaare oder unvollständige Bildungen. Auch Augenmehrfachbildungen werden gelegentlich beobachtet. Je mehr Prostomiumgewebe entfernt wird, desto größer ist die Tendenz zu Fehlbildungen. 2. Wie sich anhand der simultan ausgelösten Caudalregeneration zeigen läßt, ist Prostomiumregeneration an das Vorhandensein hormonbildender Gehirnzellen im Gehirnrest gebunden. 3. Wenn die Versorgung mit Gehirnhormon durch isolierte, in die Leibeshöhle der Versuchstiere transplantierte Prostomien unreifer Spender gewährleistet ist, vermögen auch solche Tiere Prostomiumregenerate zu bilden, aus deren Prostomiumanteil außerdem der Gehirnrest entfernt wurde. Daraus ist zu schließen, daß die Potenzen zur Prostomiumbildung im Hautmuskelschlauch dieser Struktur lokalisiert sind. 4. Regenerierte Prostomien, die unter dem hormonellen Einflußimplantierter Prostomien aus Hautmuskelschlauchanteilen entstanden sind, üben typische Funktionen aus. Sie ermöglichen erneute Nahrungsaufnahme und Übernehmen, nach Explantation der Spenderprostomien, die endokrine Entwicklungssteuerung: unter ihrem Einfluß werden nach caudaler Durchtrennung typische Regenerate gebildet; ebenso werden Geschlechtsentwicklung und heteronereide Umwandlungen ermöglicht.
    Notes: Summary 1. In Platynereis dumerilii, the capacity for anterior regeneration is rather limited: only prostomial regenerates can be developed, provided that a part of the original prostomium is leftin situ. At best, the regenerate represents a complete prostomium, but reduced in size. In most cases however, asymmetrical or deficient development of palpae, antennae and eyes is observed. Sometimes, multiple eye-anlagen are produced. The proportion of deficiencies increases with the quantity of prostomial tissue removed. 2. As demonstrated by the simultaneous emergence of typical posterior regenerates, the formation of prostomial regenerates is essentially linked with the presence of brain hormone producing cells in the persisting portion of the supraoesophageal ganglion. 3. Individuals, the dissected prostomia of which are in addition deprived of the brain rudiments, can form prostomial regenerates if brain hormone is supplied by prostomia of immature donors, implanted into the coelom. It is therefore concluded that the competence to form a prostomium is inherent in the dermal-muscular tunic of the prostomium. 4. Regenerated prostomia originating from parts of the prostomial dermal-muscular tunic under the hormonal influence of implanted prostomia exert typical functions. They enable the animals to take up food and, if the donor's prostomium is removed, to perform endocrine control of the animal's development: typical posterior regenerates are formed upon caudal amputation, also maturation and heteronereid transformations occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 29-50 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to examine pattern formation in young imaginal discs consisting of only a few cells, freshly hatched larvae were irradiated with 1500 rads of γ-rays to kill cells. When these larvae became adults, their wings and halteres were examined to find aberrant patterns. Most of the abnormal patterns consisted of mirror image duplications of structures arising from parts of the periphery of the wing disc. A second group of patterns contained most structures present once in normal orientation, but in addition, pattern elements arising from parts of the wing disc periphery were deleted. The third group of aberrant appendages contained triplication of parts of the wing. The central part of the wing disc seemed to control whether duplication or deletion was found, since duplicated patterns seldom had structure from the central part of the disc, whereas deleted patterns always contained the elements formed by the central region of the disc. It appeared that if the central region was killed leaving only some of the periphery alive, then the remaining live cells duplicated their pattern. But if the periphery was killed and the central region remained, then the disc would be either partially deleted or completely regenerated. Aberrant halteres were found which were similar to the three groups of abnormal wings, and the anterior of the haltere disc seemed to correspond to the central region of the wing disc. The results are discussed in terms of a gradient of developmental capacity with its high point in the central part of the wing disc and low points at the disc periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En vue de préciser les rÔles respectifs de la peau et des tissus internes du membre dans la régénération de celui-ci, nous avons remplacé le manchon de peau du moignon d'amputation par de la peau provenant d'une seule face ou de deux faces opposées ou encore par de la peau de flanc. 1. Greffe de peau de membre provenant d'une face. Les régénérats sont déficients, normaux ou multiples. Après analyse des trois paramètres introduits par la procédure expérimentale-rotation de 90
    Notes: Summary In order to specify the role of skin and internal tissues in limb regeneration, we have replaced stump skin by skin from one side or from two opposite sides of the limb or from the flank. 1. After transplantation of limb skin, from one side regenerates are partially abesnt, normal, or multiple. Experimental variations were 90
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lipids from surface ghosts, prepared from sea urchin eggs before and after fertilization, differ in the relative proportions of neutral and polar lipids. Percents of triglyceride and phosphatidyl serine or inositol increase while percent phosphatidyl choline decrease after fertilization. Fatty acids from GLC of lipid fractions (triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl serine or inositol) are characteristic for each fraction, and differ quantitatively in ghosts before and after fertilization. Fatty acids of unfertilized ghost lipids are in general longer chain and more unsaturated than those of the fertilized. Possible effects of these lipid changes on surface characteristics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cytochemical method has been used to test claims that the differentiation of the mouse morulae can be accounted for by the position of the blastomeres: the central becoming inner mass cells and the peripheral trophoblast cells. The cytochemical method is an adaptation of Gomori-Takamatsu's demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity, which stains the inner cell mass and not the trophoblast. The significance of this procedure is dicussed. A simple physical model shows that by packing spheres of similar size, at least 17 are needed to have one completely enclosed. On these basis, if the position is the decisive factor, alkaline phosphatase activity should be detected in embryos with more than 17 cells. Table 1 shows that it is a correct assumption. But since blastomeres that have gone through more cell cycles are smaller and have a better chance of reaching a central position, it became necessary to dissociate number of cells from number of cell cycles. This we did by detecting the appearance of the enzyme activity in halved and fused embryos developedin vitro. Table 2 shows that the activity is detected in halved embryos from the 11-cell stage onwards. Table 3 shows that it is detected in fusion embryos from the 22-cell stage onwards. The results suggest that a temporal coordinate, the number of cell cycles or another temporal change, might interact with the spatial coordinate to produce differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1) In der Embryogenese vonSmittia wird die Entwicklung des Kopfendes durch cytoplasmatische Komponenten in der Vorderpolregion des Eies determiniert. Experimentelle Inaktiveirung oder Entfernung dieser Determinanten bewirkt die Entstehung des aberranten Segmentmusters “Doppelabdomen”. In diesem spiegelbildlich symmetrischen Segmentmuster sind Kopf, Thorax und vordere Abdominalsegmente durch ein zweites Abdominalende mit revertierter Polarität ersetzt. In Versuchen mit verschiedenen methodischen Ansätzen wurde geprüft, ob Mitochondrien als Determinanten des embryonalen Vorderpols fungieren. 2) Die folgenden Ergebnisse sind vereinbar mit der Vorstellung, daß mitochondriale Funktionen die Längsachsenpolarität imSmittia Ei determinieren: Mit größter Effizienz lassen sich Doppelabdomina durch Bestrahlung der vordersten Eiregion erzeugen; diese Region zeigt zugleich eine starke Anreicherung von Mitochondrien. Die UV-Bestrahlung verursacht sichtbare Schäden an Mitochondrien der exponierten Eiregion und eine signifikante Abnahme der Atmungsrate. 3) Die folgende Ergebnisse stehen im Widerspruch zur Annahme einer Determination der Längsachsenpolarität durch mitochondriale Funktionen: Photoreversion nach UV-Bestrahlung bewirkt keine signifikante Zunahme der Respirationsrate. Der ATP-Gehalt ganzer Eier und vorderer Eihälften wird durch Bestrahlung des vorderen Eiviertels signifikant erhöht. Durch Anstechen der Eier am Vorderpol und anschließende Inkubation in Dinitrophenol oder Ethidiumbromid lassen sich keine Doppelabdomina erzeugen; Bestrahlung mit intensivem Rotlicht nach Sensibilisierung mit Janus Grün B bewirkt ebenfalls keine Bildung von Doppelabdomina. 4) Nach UV-Bestrahlung in frühen Entwicklungsstadien kann die photorevertierende Belichtung um mehrere Stunden verzögert werden, ohne den Photoreversionseffekt signifikant zu beeinträchtigen. Die sensiblen Phasen für UV-Induktion und Photoreversionen dauern beide vollkommen übereinstimmend bis zur Blastodermbildung. Demnach scheinen die wirksamen Eikomponenten während dieser Zeit metabolisch inaktiv zu sein. 5) Nach diesen Ergebnissen wird es als äußerst unwahrscheinlich angesehen, daß die Vorn-Hinten-Polarität im Ei vonSmittia durch mitochondriale Funktionen determiniert wird.
    Notes: Summary 1) The development of the head end in the embryo ofSmittia is determined by cytoplasmic components in the anterior region of the egg. Experimental inactivation or removal of these determinants results in the formation of “double abdomens”. In embryos with this aberrant metameric pattern, head and anterior segments are replaced by an additional set of posterior segments joined in mirror image symmetry to the original abdomen. Several types of experiment were carried out to determine whether mitochondria act as determinants of the anterior pole in the embryo. 2) The following observations are compatible with a determinative rôle of mitochondria: mitochondria are more abundant in the anterior tip of theSmittia egg which responds most effectively in experiments inducing double abdomens by local UV irradiation. UV irradiation inflicts visible damage upon mitochondria in the irradiated egg region, and significantly decreases the oxygen consumption of the eggs. 3) The following data argue against a determinative rôle of mitochondria: photoreverting treatment after UV irradiation did not cause a significant increase of oxygen uptake. The ATP content of whole eggs and anterior egg halves was significantly increased after UV irradiation of the anterior egg quarter. Localized application of dinitrophenol and ethidium bromide via puncture of the anterior pole, as well as irradiation with intense red light after sensitization of mitochondria with Janus Green B, did not produce double abdomens. 4) After UV irradiation during intravitelline cleavage, photoreverting treatment can be delayed for several hours without diminishing its efficiency; the deadline for photoreversal coincides perfectly with the deadline for UV induction, i.e. with blastoderm formation. This result suggests that the effective targets are metabolically inactive from egg-laying until blastoderm-formation. 5) The results are considered as evidence that mitochondria and the determinants of anterior pole in theSmittia embryo are not identical despite their apparently similar cellular localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Complete and bisected male genital disks (HO) from larvae of the last larval instar were transplanted into full-grown (T7) larvae. In experiment A the HO were taken from T1-, T3-, T5- and T7-larvae and either implanted intact into the host larva (group A/a) or both halves of the bisected disk were transferred into a single host (group A/b). In experiment B the HO from T1-, T4- and T7-larvae were bisected and both halves were transplanted either into a single host (group B/b) or into two different hosts (group B/c). After metamorphosis of the hosts the “complete” transplants (A/a) of all age groups showed the same morphological features: qualitative differences were not observed. Within each experimental group the size of the genitalia varied considerably. However, it was found that the variation amongst the average sized genitalia of all groups was not great. After transplantation of both halves of the bisected HO (A/b, B/b) three classes of results were observed: I. each of the two halves regenerated into a complete genital organ (2r); II. only one of the halves regenerated into a complete organ (1r); III. none of the two halves regenerated the missing part (Or). Frequency of Regeneration. A/b: The frequency of regeneration (ratio 2r: 1r: Or) was the same in the age groups T1 and T3 and in T5 and T7, but the latter, older transplants regenerated more frequently than the former. B/c: In the three age groups only on part of the transplanted halves regenerated. The ratio of the regenerated halves to the non-regenerated genital organs in the three age groups did not differ significantly. Comparing the results of the groups B/c and B/b, the frequency of regeneration was found to increase by implantation of two halves in a single host. Size of the Regenerated Genital Organs. After metamorphosis of the hosts the regenerated genitalia of all groups differentiated in much the same way as “complete” transplants, but they were slightly smaller than the latter. Comparison of the size of the genitalia in exp. B showed that implantation of two halves in a single host did not influence the size of the regenerating genitalia. Duration of Development of the Hosts. The duration of further development of the hosts was neither influenced by the transplantation of “complete” disks of different age nor when the implanted halves of the bisected HO did not regenerate. On the contrary, the regeneration of implanted HO-halves caused a delay of further development in the hosts (i.e. the onset of pupation was delayed). Independently of the size and developmental stage of the disks at the time of transplantation, when only one half regenerated the average delay was almost two days as compared to the controls. An additional delay was recorded when both implanted halves had regenerated. The developmental capacities of the transplanted disks and the control of metamorphosis by regenerating disks are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fußend auf der Beobachtung, daß Gliazellen des Wildtyps Pigment bilden, der Mutante “wa” jedoch nicht, boten sich zur Klärung der Frage nach der Herkunft der Gliazellen Transplantationsversuche der Art an, daß Augenanlagen der Mutante “wa” in einea +-Puppe als Wirt übertragen wurden und umgekehrt. Diese Experimente brachten folgendes Ergebnis: Die in einema +-Auge vorhandenen Gliazellen stammen nur zum Teil aus der Augenanlage, zum anderen Teil aus dem Lobus opticus. Die aus der Augenanlage kommenden Gliazellen verbleiben im Bereich der Nervenbündelschicht. Die aus dem Lobus opticus stammenden Gliazellen bilden hingegen das pigmentierte Perilemm, wandern in die Nervenbündelschicht ein und dringen distal bis zum Auge vor.
    Notes: Summary Following from the observation that the glial cells of the wild typeEphestia synthesize pigments, but those of the mutant “wa” do not, transplantation experiments were carried out to sattle the question of the origin of the glial cells. Eye-anlagen of the mutant “wa” were transplanted toa +-pupae and vice versa. These experiments showed that only some of the glial cells of thea +-eye originate from the eye-anlage, while the others come from the lobus opticus. The glial cells of the eye-anlage remain in the nerve-bundle-region, whereas those from the lobus opticus form the pigmented perilemma, enter the nerve-bundle-region and spread over it up to the basal membrane of the eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 285-302 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the developing pupal leg ofDrosophila melanogaster is investigated at various stages from white prepupa to pharate adult. All the different cell types found in the leg at each stage examined are traced developmentally. This includes general epithelium which secretes both a pupal and adult cuticle and specialized epithelial structures such as apodemes, bristles and other sense organs. Muscle, nerve and tracheal tissue develop within the leg cavity. Particular attention was paid to the development of muscle tissue which was shown to differentiate from the adepithelial cells of the larval disc. The development of theDrosophila leg is compared with that ofCalliphora (van Ruiten and Sprey, 1974) especially with respect to the different stages at which new structures appear in the two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 303-308 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A microsurgical technique for the separation of germ layers in two- and three-layered rat embryonic shields is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 321-331 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Right fore-leg buds and right hind-leg buds ofXenopus larvae in the developmental stages 48, 49, and 50 were grafted into an epidermal “pocket” next to the right hind-leg bud (heterotopic) in hosts of the same age. 2. The grafts develop “herkunftsgemäß” to normal fore- and hind limbs. 3. The grafts are also able to develop double limbs. The symmetry of the limbs follows Bateson's rule. 4. In addition to a grafted fore- or hind-leg bud, a supernumerary fore- or hind-leg bud is able to develop. After duplication of the grafts, correspondingly two supernumerary limb buds develop. 5. The supernumerary limbs are orientated as mirror images to the grafts or double limbs and follow also Bateson's rule. 6. The condition for the growth of the supernumerary limb buds is apparently the direct contact of the grafts' plane of amputation to the overlying epidermal “pocket” tissue. In the area of contact the epidermal “pocket” tissue grows and takes part in the formation of the supernumerary limb. 7. In one case, a supernumerary hind-limb exhibits uncoordinated movement. The innervation of this limb is supplied by a branch of the spinal nerve S8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The susceptibility of eggs ofLymnaea to puromycin was investigated during the first four cleavage cycles. The eggs are susceptible with respect to cleavage delay during the first half of the cell cycle, including cytokinesis, the phase of DNA replication, and early G2. The effect is reversible. Puromycin reduces the incorporation of3H-lysine to about 50%. The data suggest that puromycin interferes with the synthesis of specific proteins necessary for normal progression through the cleavage cycle. Later development of the treated eggs is normal, except for extension of the fourth cleavage cycle. At this stage the parallel cycles of first macro- and micromeres are lengthened to different degrees. Some eggs showed an abnormal chronology of division and developed into embryos with head malformations. The disturbed division chronology is thought to be the cause of abnormal morphogenesis. The significance for morphogenesis of the cleavage sequence and of the normal process of nuclear reduplication and cellular division during cleavage is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interpersonal differentiation between gasterozooids and gonozooids, inHydractinia echinata, is reflected by the pattern of extractable enzyme activities. With regard to their activity levels in the different hydranths the enzymes can be arranged in two groups. In the first group the specific activities are highest in gasterozooids and decline in the order gasterozooids〉male gonozooids〉female gonozooids. This group includes GAPDH, LDH, ICDH, and GPT. The activities of the second group are highest in female polyps and display the inverse sequence. This group comprises CS, GOT, and GLDH. When the GAPDH levels, taken as 100 pc each, are chosen as point of reference only this second sequence can be established and is now represented by MDH, ICDH, and G-6-PDH as well. 6-PGDH activity could not be determined in adult hydranths. According to the ratio of GAPDH/CS and the LDH level the gasterozooids prefer the anaerobic glycolytic pathway whereas in the sexual hydranths relatively more substrate is supplied at the disposal of the citrate cycle. Two metabolites of the citrate cycle, ketoglutarate and succinate, are known to promote the transformation of nutritive zooids into sexual zooids. The differences observed in the activities of GOT, GLDH, and ICDH, therefore, may be correlated not only with the production of gonocytes but also with the specific type of differentiation which in sexual hydranths is governed by a specific morphogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An acceleration of glycogenolysis after fertilization in loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) eggs is not related to an increase of active phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1). The activity of “debranching” enzymes (amylo-1,6-glucosidase; dextrin-6-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.33) considerably increases during early embryogenesis. These facts suggest that the enhancement of debranching enzyme activity is the controlling factor of glycogenolysis at early stages of embryonic development. Only 15–20% of the amylo-1,6-glucosidase and phosphorylase is found to be firmly associated with a particular glycogen fraction both in oocytes and embryos. The onset of glycogenolysis after fertilization is not accompanied by redistribution of the above-mentioned enzymes between different fractions of glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 163-163 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 129-152 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Kreuzungsexperimente mit Farbmusterrassen ergaben, daβ das Farbmuster von mindestens 3 Genen kontrolliert wird. Eines regelt die Anordnung der Pigmentzellen (Streifen- bzw. Tüpfelmuster), ein anderes den Grad der Melanophorenpigmentierung (normal pigmentiert—schwach pigmentiert) und ein drittes ist verantwortlich für das überleben eines Teils der Pigmentzellpopulation (vor allem der Xanthophoren). 2. Die Melanophoren des Längsstreifen- bzw. Tüpfelmusters liegen in der obersten Subcutis-Schicht. Auβerdem finden sich Melanophoren in der Epidermis oberhalb und unterhalb der Schuppen; weitere liegen den Schuppen direkt an, während andere in der lockeren Cutis im Bereich der Schuppentaschen zu finden sind. 3. Der ontogenetische Ablauf der Musterbildung bei den Phänotypenre undfr wurde untersucht. Die embryonalen Melanophorenmuster vonre undfr sind identisch. Beire entstehen daraufhin auf den Flanken Melanophorenstreifen, zunächst dorso-lateral und später auch im ventro-lateralen Bereich. Die Formfr bildet zunächst viele Melanophoren aus, die sich gleichmäβig über die Flanken verteilen. Bei 40–50 Tage alten Tieren rücken die Melanophoren dann zu Gruppen von etwa 3-9 Zellen (Tüpfel) zusammen. Im Alter von 50 Tagen sind somit die endgültigen Muster vonre undfr angelegt. Bei beiden Formen besteht anscheinend keine Beziehung zwischen der Ausbildung des embryonalen und der des adulten Melanophorenmusters. Beim Phänotypgr läuft die Musterbildung in der späten Ontogenese ab. Das zunächst normale Längsstreifenmuster wird frühestens im Alter von 8 Monaten durch Zerstörung aller Xanthophoren und einiger der Iridophoren und Melanophoren abgewandelt. 4. Die verminderte Pigmentierung der Melanophoren der hellen Formmlr beruht auf der Ausbildung von zahlreichen intermediären, kaum pigmentierten “Melanosomen”. Sie läβt sich nicht mit einem Mangel an Chromogen erklären. 5. Eine Kopie desmlr-Phänotyps—beire-Tieren—ist mit Hilfe von Phenylthioharnstoff (0,002–0,004%) möglich. Die Hemmung der Melanogenese hat dabei keinen Einfluβ auf die Entstehung des embryonalen Melanophorenmusters. 6. In der Subcutis lassen sich Faktoren nachweisen, die für die Entstehung des Streifenmusters verantwortlich sind. Die Stabilität dieser Faktoren wird durch Auto- und Isotransplantationen belegt. 7. In den Xanthophorenstreifen der Analflosse des Wildtyps konnten Melanoblasten nachgewiesen werden. 8. Die Zahl der Xanthophoren in der Analflosse bei den Phänotypenre undmlr ist fast doppelt so hoch wie beifr (♂♂ und ♀♀ zeigen stets die gleiche Anzahl von Xanthophoren). 9. In den Xanthophoren vonfr finden sich melanosomenähnliche Strukturen; beire fehlen diese.
    Notes: Summary 1. The genetics of some colour breeds was investigated. One gene is responsible for the degree of pigmentation of the melanophores (normal pigmentation versus slight pigmentation); another one controls the arrangement of the pigment cells (longitudinal stripes-spot pattern respectively); and a third one regulates the destruction of all the xanthophores and some of the iridophores and melanophores. 2. The melanophores of the longitudinal stripes and those of the spots lie in the uppermost subcutaneous layer. More melanophores were found in the epidermis above and below the scales; with others making direct contact with the scales or occurring in the loose dermis within the scale pockets. 3. The ontogenetic sequence of pattern formation in the phenotypesre, fr andgr was investigated. 4. The reduced pigmentation of melanophores of the light formmlr could not be explained by a lack of chromogen (Dopa) but was found to be based upon the intrinsic formation of numerous intermediary weakly pigmented “melanosome” within these cells. 5. A phenocopy of themlr type could be obtained by treatment with phenylthiourea (0.002–0.004%). 6. Factors within the subcutis were proved responsible for the formation of the melanophore stripes. The stability of these factors was demonstrated by auto- and isotransplantation. 7. Melanoblasts could be found in the xanthophore stripes of the anal fin of the wild form. 8. The number of xanthophores in the anal fin of the phenotypesre andmlr is nearly twice as high as that of the phenotypefr. ♂♂ and ♀♀ always show the same number of xanthophores. 9. In the xanthophores offr-animals melanosome-like structures were found which do not occur in there-phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 193-203 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The movements of blastomere surfaces marked with carbon particles during cytokinesis of the Ist–IVth cleavage divisions in the eggs of the gastropodsLymnaea stagnalis, L. palustris, Physa acuta and Ph. fontinalis have been studied by time-lapse cinematographic methods. The vitelline membrane was removed with trypsin. At 2- and 4-cell stages shifts of nuclei have also been studied. Symmetrical as well as asymmetrical surface movements (in respect to the furrow plane) have been revealed. Symmetrical surface movements at the beginning of cytokinesis consist mainly in contraction of the furrow zone and in expansion of the more peripheral regions; between these there is a stationary zone. After the end of cytokinesis the furrow region expands. Considerableasymmetrical surface movements have also been observed in all four divisions. From anaphase until the end of cytokinesis each of the two sister blastomeres rotates with respect to the other in such a way, that if viewed along the spindle axis, the blastomere nearest to the observer rotates dexiotropically in a dextral species and laeotropically in a sinistral species (primary rotations). After the completion of cytokinesis the blastomeres may rotate in a reverse direction. The latter rotations are less pronounced in the IInd and IIIrd divisions and most pronounced in the IVth division. Blastomeres with the vitelline membrane intact retain a slight capacity for primary rotations. In normal conditions nuclei of the first two blastomeres shift mainly laeotropically in dextral species, but dexiotropically in sinistral species, being carried along by the reverse surface rotations. The invariable primary asymmetrical rotations of blastomeres seem to be the basis of enantiomorphism in molluscan cleavage. They are assumed to be determined by an asymmetrical structure of the contractile ring carrying out the cytokinesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 263-278 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Genital epithelium ; Specific determination ; Mosaïc determination ; Competence ; Level of growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'épiderme génital présomptif femelle deTenebrio molitor est le siège d'une double détermination. 1) Une détermination essentielle qui se manifeste chez la larve, mais qui doit se produire au cours de l'embryogenèse. 2) Une détermination mosaïque qui se met en place dans les vingt-quatre heures précédant l'entrée en métamorphose. Devenu compétent et soumis aux conditions hormonales de la métamorphose, l'épiderme génital présomptif effectue une organogenèse normale. L'acquisition de la compétence apparaît liée à un processus de croissance.
    Notes: Summary The female presumptive genital epithelium ofTenebrio molitor shows two stages of determination. 1) An essential determination which appears in the larva, but which must occur during the embryonic period. 2) A mosaic determination which is reached within twenty four hours before metamorphosis. The presumptive genital epithelium is able to complete its organogenesis normally after becoming competent and being submitted to the hormonal conditions of metamorphosis. The acquisition of competence appears to be linked to a process of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An irradiation dose of 10,000 rads was used to delete imaginal cells in developingDrosophila. The larval cells of the head and thoracic segments die autonomously shortly after pupariation whereas the larval cells of the abdomen can persist and secrete an extra fifth cuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 176 (1975), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An implication of Crick's (1970, 1971) “source-sink” model of diffusion gradients is that the addition of sources along the length of a gradient would cause it to bulge away from linearity in the direction of the source. The activity of the budding region ofHydra viridis as a source of the diffusible inhibitors of head and of foot regeneration is investigated in this light, by placing multiple series of budding regions along the length of the inhibitory gradients of head and of foot regeneration previously described (Shostak, 1972, 1973). Samples of 30–50 animals were used to determine the frequencies of head and of foot regeneration at each graft border formed by grafting 2 to 5 gastric-plus budding regions in tandem, the distal one having a terminal apical head, and the proximal one part of a host animal having terminal basal peduncle and foot. These frequencies were compared to the corresponding frequencies at appropriate distances along the lengths of the inhibitory gradients, as computed from the linear equations for these gradients based on earlier work. The curves for the regeneration of heads and feet for animals with three or fewer additional budding regions deviate in the direction of greater inhibition, but do not differ significantly from the gradients on animals having only grafted gastric regions. The curves for animals with four additional budding regions, however, bulge out toward greater inhibition, and differ with statistical significance from the linear inhibitory gradients at the fourth graft border. The results show, therefore, that the budding region is a source of both the inhibitors of head and of foot regeneration also produced by the head and foot, respectively. The suggestion arises that the diffusible inhibitors produced by the morphogenetically active regions ofHydra have no effect on the normal homeostatic processes and budding occurring in these regions, but normally prevent regeneration that might otherwise occur during cellular turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 176 (1975), S. 329-346 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The purification of an actin-like protein from cricket egg yolk plasmodia by different selective extraction procedures, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange and immunoabsorption chromatography is described. Criteria of purity from analytical ultracentrifugation, SDS-disc electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis are presented. Immunodiffusion analysis was used to control the success of the purification procedures. The molecular weight of the monomeric form is 60000±10%. Polymerization to pearl-chain aggregate structures occurs under different conditions in 0.1 M KCl in the presence of ATP. Vinblastine precipitation leads to similar structures. Possibly related structures and the possible rÔle of this protein in organizing movements in the plasmodial system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 323-340 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Les résultats d'expériences précédentes de recombinaisons dermo-épidermiques entre Oiseaux et Mammifères ont montré que la qualité spécifique des phanères est déterminée par l'épiderme, mais que diverses étapes de leur morphogenèse sont sous la dépendance du derme. Il était intéressant de reprendre ce type d'expériences avec de la peau de Reptile. 2. Les fragments de peau reconstituée homo- et hétérospécifique, comprenant derme et épiderme des trois classes, ont été cultivés pendant 8 jours sur la membrane chorioallantoïdienne du poulet. 3. Les associations homospécifiques lézard/lézard d'épiderme dorsal, caudal ou ventral et de derme dorsal ont abouti à la formation de petites écailles de type dorsal; celles d'épiderme dorsal, caudal ou ventral et de derme ventral à la formation de grandes écailles de type ventral. 4. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal, caudal et ventral de lézard et de derme de crête de poulet n'ont pas formé de phanères. 5. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal et caudal de lézard et de derme tarsométatarsien de poulet ont formé des écailles de type poulet. 6. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal, caudal et ventral de lézard et de derme ptilogène de poulet et trichogène de souris ont formé des bourgeons d'écaille dont le diamètre et la disposition sont conformes à la qualité spécifique et régionale du derme employé (derme dorsal de poulet, derme dorsal ou derme de lèvre supérieure de souris). 7. Les associations hétérospécifiques de derme de lézard et d'épiderme de poulet ou de souris ont formé quelques rares placodes épidermiques, qui ont été interprétées comme des bourgeons pileux dans le cas de l'épiderme de souris. 8. La différenciation des écailles de Reptile résulte d'interactions dermo-épidermiques. L'épiderme de Reptile répond toujours aux messages morphogènes issus d'un derme de Reptile, d'Oiseau ou de Mammifère en formant des bourgeons d'écaille. Cependant, la transformation de ces bourgeons en écailles requiert le contact d'un derme lépidogène, derme de Reptile ou bien encore derme de patte d'Oiseau. Le derme de Reptile apparaît incapable d'induire la formation de nombreux phanères dans un épiderme d'Oiseau ou de Mammifère. 9. Dans les trois classes d'Amniotes, les mécanismes de la différenciation de la peau présentent une remarquable similitude. En effet, la morphogenèse des écailles, des plumes et des poils requiert deux sortes de messages dermiques: les uns, précoces, pouvant être compris et interprétés par un épiderme d'une autre classe zoologique, sont responsables du déclenchement de la morphogenèse et de l'emplacement, taille et disposition des bourgeons de phanères dont la qualité spécifique (bourgeons scutellaires, plumaires ou pileux) est déterminée par l'épiderme. Les autres, plus tardifs et spécifiques, sont interprétables seulement par l'épiderme de la même classe et contiennent des informations nécessaires á l'organisation architecturale de l'écaille, de la plume et du poil.
    Notes: Summary 1. Previous experiments on dermo-epidermal recombinations between birds and mammals have shown that the class-specific quality of the cutaneous appendages depends on intrinsic properties of the epidermis but that several steps of their morphogenesis are controlled by the dermis. This morphogenetic interplay has been tested further in new experiments with reptilian skin. 2. Reconstituted homo- and heterospecific skin explants, involving epidermis and dermis of lizard, chick and mouse, were cultured for 8 days on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. 3. Homospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and dorsal lizard dermis gave rise to small dorsal-type scales. Recombinants of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and ventral lizard dermis gave rise to large ventral-type scales. 4. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and chick dermis from the glabrous comb region did not differentiate any scale structures. 5. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal or caudal lizard epidermis and tarsometatarsal chick dermis formed large chick-type scales. 6. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and chick feather-forming, or mouse hair-forming or whisker-forming dermis gave rise to tubercular scale primordia. The diameter and distribution of these primordia were in conformity with the feather, pelage hair and vibrissal patterns respectively. 7. Heterospecific association of lizard dermis and chick or mouse epidermis led to the formation of few epidermal placode-like pegs; those differentiated by the mouse epidermis were interpreted as hair bud structures. 8. The differentiation of reptilian scales is the result of dermo-epidermal interactions. Reptilian epidermis, when confronted with either reptilian, avian, or mammalian dermis, always responds to the dermal messages by forming scale buds. For final scale morphogenesis, however, reptilian dermis or avian scale-forming dermis is required. Reptilian dermis appears to be unable to induce extensive appendage formation in avian or mammalian epidermis. 9. A remarkable similarity exists in the mechanisms of skin differentiation in the three classes of amniotes. Indeed scales, feathers and hairs require two kinds of dermal messages for their complete morphogenesis: early ones, which can be transmitted from one class to another, and which are responsible for the initiation, site, size and distribution pattern of appendage primordia, whose class-specific quality (scale, feather or hair buds) is determined by the epidermis; and later specific ones which can only be understood within the class and which are necessary for the completion of the specific architecture of the cutaneous appendage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Honigbiene kommt Vitellogenin nicht nur in der Hämolymphe fertiler Königinnen sondern auch infertiler Arbeiterinnen vor und zwar bei Ammen-Bienen in weiselrichtigen Völkern. Drohnen fehlt dieses weibchen-spezifische Protein. Vitellogenin wurde nunmehr auch bei Gynandromorphen gefunden. Es tritt speziell bei solchen Bienen, auf, die eine Vorn-hinten-Verteilung der Drohnen-Arbeiterinnen-Mosaike besitzen. Das Vorhandensein von Vitellogenin ist bei Gynandern—wie bei Arbeiterinnen—abhängig vom Alter und von sozialen Faktoren. Die weibchen-spezifische Regulation der Vitellogenin-Synthese beruht wahrscheinlich auf geschlechtsspezifischen Eigenschaften des differenzierten Fettkörpers.
    Notes: Summary In the honey bee vitellogenin is present not only in the hemolymph of fertile queens, but also of infertile nurse workers in colonies. Drones lack this female-specific protein. Vitellogenin was also found in gynandromorphs, especially in those with an anteriorposterior distribution of the male/female mosaics. The occurrence of vitellogenin in gynandromorphs is age-dependent and socially conditioned as in worker bees. The female-specific regulation of vitellogenin synthesis is probably based on sex-specific properties of the differentiated fat body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 89-100 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hensen's node was isolated from chick blastoderms of medium-streak to headfold stages from which the endodermal layer had previously been removed. The isolates were culturedin vivo by means of the intra-coelomic grafting technique. Node pieces with the endodermal layer intact served as controls. Endodermal differentiation tendencies gradually decreased from the medium-streak to the pre-head-process stage and completely disappeared at the head-process stage, whereas the controls gave rise to endodermal structures throughout all stages. “Cranial” structures such as oesophagus and trachea, often together with thyroid, parathyroid and/or thymus, were only found in grafts of younger stages, while gizzard, intestine and/or pancreas were observed in many gut-containing grafts throughout all stages. There was a constant high incidence of notochord, muscle, and cartilage formation. The incidence of mesonephric structures, sometimes accompanied by adrenal gland, rose steadily throughout all stages both in experimentals and controls. Neural differentiation tendencies (rhombencephalon and/or spinal cord) were always present in the nodes isolated (with or without endoderm) from the definitive primitive-streak stage onwards, but in nodes from earlier stages the incidence of neural differentiation was significantly lower. The results are discussed in relation to the possible location and determination of the prospective endoderm and mesoderm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cyclic AMP is believed to play a role in limb regeneration. Using high pressure liquid chromatography, endogenous levels of cyclic AMP in regenerating tissues of normal and of hypophysectomized adult newts were estimated. In normally regenerating limbs, cyclic AMP levels were depressed 7 days after amputation and were elevated at 14 and 21 days. In contrast, limb tissues of hypophysectomized newts displayed elevated cyclic AMP levels at 7, 14 and 21 days after amputation. A correlation exists between depressed levels of cyclic AMP and the occurrence of dedifferentiation and elevated levels of cyclic AMP and morphogenesis. Although elevated cyclic AMP levels later in regeneration might influence morphogenesis, depressed levels of cyclic AMP alone appear inadequate to account for dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary As the number of multicellular mucous glands increases in the skin ofXenopus laevis larvae during metamorphosis, the acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) content of the skin increases also. Purification of this skin AMPS by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major band characteristic of adult mucous secretion. Incorporation of14C-galactose into this band increases during metamorphosis, but there is still a substantial synthesis of this material in premetamorphic skin that lacks mature mucous glands. This raises the question of whether the epidermal cells that had been making mucus in premetamorphic skin stop this activity as mucous glands develop, or whether they are discarded and replaced by a new population of epidermal cells that do not make mucus unless they develop into a mucous gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Metachromatically-staining substances have been found in the secretion of the stomodeum and esophagus of the echinopluteus (Psammechanus miliaris). This secretion seemed to derive from specialized cells in the wall of the foregut. Ultrastructural examination revealed that these cells are rich in large cisternae containing an electron-translucent material. They are also rich in ribosomes and possess large Golgi complexes. The number of secretory cells increases with age. It is tempting to speculate that the function of these cells is analogous to that of the glandular cells of the endostyle in some chordate phyla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Aktivit\:atsprofile der Enzyme GAPDH, LDH, CE, MDH, GOT, G-6-PDH und 6-PGDH sind in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien bestimmt worden, um einige allgemeine Korrelationen zwischen Stoffwechselwegen und morphogenetischen Erscheinungen herauszuarbeiten. Aus unbefruchteten Eiern konnten ungew\:ohnlich hohe Aktivit\:aten dieser Enzyme extrahiert werden. Im Verlauf der Embryogenese und Metamorphose alternieren wiederholt zwei Stoffwechselmuster. Das erste Muster ist charakterisiert durch eine relativ niedrige glykolytische Potenz (niedriges GAPDH- und LDH-Niveau) verbunden mit einer relativ hohen oxidativen Kapazität (niedriger Quotient GAPDH/CE und erhöhter Sauerstoffverbrauch). Dieses Muster, das eine Dominanz der Energieproduktion anzeigt, ist während der Furchung und während der Phase der Kontraktion bei einsetzender Metamorphose verwirklicht. Das zweite Stoffwechselmuster verbindet hohe glykolytische Potenz (hohe GAPDH- und LDH-Niveaus) mit einem hohen Verhältnis von GAPDH/CE. Diese Dominanz des anaeroben Stoffwechsels its korreliert mit hoher Aktivität von MDH und GOT. Ein bedeutender Teil des Substratflusses mag für anabolische Prozesse abgezweigt werden. Diese Stoffwechselbedingungen sind während der Gastrulation und in der mittleren Phase der Metamorphose gegeben, Stadien, in denen Differenzierungen in Gang kommen. Diesem wiederholten wechsel der Stoffwechselkonstitution folgt der Pentosephosphatshunt. Während der Furchung und der einsetzenden Metamorphose nehmen die Aktivitäten der G-6-PDH und 6-PGDH ab und steigen während der Differenzierung der Planula und des Primärpolypen an. Im ausdifferenzierten Polypen verschwindet die 6-PGDH-Aktivität, wohingegen die G-6-PDH ein hohes Niveau beibehält. 2. Die Induktion der Metamorphose, die normalerweise durch ein bakterielles Agens, k\:unstlich durch einen Cs+-Puls ausgel\:ost wird, ist durch einen steilen Anstieg der Na+\t-K+-ATPase-Aktivit\:at gekennzeichnet. Das Maximum der Aktivit\:at wurde in Homogenaten 2 Std, bei lebenden Larven 0,5\2-1,5 Std nach Applikation von Cs+ gemessen. Dieser Befund st\:utzt die Hypothese, bei der larvalen Antwort auf induzierende Reize seien Kationen-Carrier ma\sBgeblich beteiligt. Dem induzierten Aktivitätspeak beim Einsetzen der Metamorphose folgt 3–4 Std später ein zweiter, spontaner peak. Relativ hohe Ouabain-sensitive wie- insensitive ATPase-Aktivitäten wurden auch in Homogenaten junger Embryonen bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary 1. In order to elaborate some general correlations between metabolic pathways and morphogenetic events the activity-profiles of the enzymes GAPDH, LDH, CE, MDH, GOT, G-6-PDH, and 6-PGDH have been determined in different developmental stages. Unusually high activities of these enzymes could be extracted from unfertilized eggs. In the course of embryogenesis and metamorphosis two metabolic patterns alternate repeatedly. The first pattern is characterized by a relatively low glycolytic potency (low GAPDH- and LDH-levels) connected with a relatively high oxidative capacity (low ratio of GAPDH/CE and rising O2-consumption). This pattern, which indicates the predominance of energy production, is realized during cleavage and during the phase of contraction at the onset of metamorphosis. The second metabolic pattern combines high glycolytic potency (high GAPDH- and LDH-levels) with a high ratio of GAPDH/CE. This predominance of anaeroblic metabolism is correlated with high activities of MDH and GOT. An important portion of the substrate-flux may be directed towards anabolic processes. This metabolic condition is found during gastrulation and during the middle phase of metamorphosis: stages in which differentiation is initiated. This repeated change in the main metabolic behavior is also reflected by the operation of the pentose-phosphate-cycle. The activities of G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH decrease during cleavage and during early metamorphosis and increase during the differentiation of the planula and of the primary polyp. In the fully developed polyp, however, the 6-PGDH-activity disappears whilst that of the G-6-PDH remains high. 2. The induction of metamorphosis which normally is brought about by a bacterial agent and artificially by a Cs+-pulse, is characterized by an enhanced activity of the Na+\t-K+-ATPase. The maximum activity could be measured in homogenates and in living larvae 2 hrs and 0.5\2-1.5 hrs respectively after the application of Cs+. This finding supports the hypothesis that cation carriers are involved in the larval response to inductive stimuli. The induced peak of activity, in early metamorphosis, is followed by a second peak occurring spontaneously 3–4 hrs later. Relatively high ouabain-sensitive as well as ouabaininsensitive ATPase activities could also be observed in homogenates of young embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 285-299 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von Zellkernen aus verschiedenen Keimbereichen (Ekto-, Meso-, Entoderm) und Entwicklungsstadien [mittlere bis späte Gastrula (Harrison-Stad. 12b) und Schwanzknospe (Harr.-Stad. 25, 35)] vonTriturus vulgaris wurden Feulgen-Hydrolysekurven bestimmt. Hydrolysiert wurde 10 bis 70 min in 5n HCl bei 20° C. In allen Fällen wurdentypisch eingipflige Hydrolysekurven mit einem Optimum zwischen 30 und 40 min gefunden. Im Verlauf des aufsteigenden Kurventeils bis zum Optimum stimmen die einzelnen Kurven gut überein. Unterschiede im DNS-Gehalt der Keimbereiche werden nicht erst im Hydrolyse-Optimum, sondern bereits nach 10 min (Unterhydrolyse) nachweisbar. Nach Erreichen des Optimums werden dann zwischen den Bereichen signifikante Unterschiede im Hydrolyseverlauf sichtbar. Während in den Mesencephalon- (Stad. 35) und Neuroektodermkernen (Stad. 12b) nach 60 min Hydrolyse praktisch noch keine Extraktion depolymerisierter DNS festzustellen ist, setzt im Entoderm ein beträchtlicher Verlust an DNS bereits nach 40 und im Mesoderm nach 50 min ein. Diese Unterschiede im Hydrolyseverhalten des Chromatins führen zu einer völligen Nivellierung der Feulgen-Werte bei längeren Hydrolysezeiten, so daß nach 60 min zwischen den Keimbereichen keine Unterschiede im DNS-Gehalt mehr nachgewiesen werden können. Kerngröße und Histon-Gehalt haben keinen Einfluß auf das Resultat der Feulgen-Reaktion im Hydrolyseoptimum.
    Notes: Summary Feulgen hydrolysis curves were plotted for isolated nuclei from various regions (ecto-, meso- and endoderm) and developmental stages [mid to late gastrula (Harrison-St. 12b) and tailbud stage (Harr. St. 25, 35)] ofTriturus vulgaris embryos. Hydrolysis was carried out for 10 to 70 min with 5N HCl at 20° C. Single-peaked hydrolysis curves with a maximum between 30 and 40 min were obtained in all cases. The ascending limbs of all the hydrolysis curves are similar in shape up to the maximum. Differences in DNA content of nuclei from different embryonic regions become visible not only at the optimum time but also after short hydrolysis times (10 min). After reaching the maximum there are significant differences in the descending parts of the curves. In the endoderm and mesoderm a drastic loss of apurinic acid occurs after 40 and 50 min of hydrolysis, respectively, whereas in the nuclei of the mesencephalon and the neurectoderm no measurable extraction of depolymerized DNA can be detected after 60 min. These differences in chromatin stability make lead to a levelling out of the Feulgen values over longer hydrolysis periods, so that differences in the DNA content of nuclei from different parts of the embryo can no longer be detected after 60 min. Nuclear volume and histone content have no influence on the results obtained from the Feulgen reaction when optimum hydrolysis times are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The processes of involved in the accumulation and secretion of adhesive mucoprotein (“glue”) in third instar larvae ofD. melanogaster are described. The RNA templates for glue protein seem to be synthesized within 72–85 hours after oviposition, because treatment of larvae at this age with actinomycin D inhibits the accumulation of the secretion. The secretory granules appear in the salivary gland cells of 90 hour larvae and are discharged into the gland lumen of 118 hour larvae. Secretion of mucoprotein material by salivary gland cells into the gland lumen depends on high ecdysone concentration. Mucoproteins are synthesized, but not discharged, by these cells in ecdysone-deficient homozygousl (2) gl larvae as well as in normal larvae isolated from ecdysone by ligatures or transplantation of the salivary glands into adult abdomens. Ecdysterone injection into normal 100 hour larvae, 7 dayl (2) gl larvae or into adult imaginal abdomens into which salivary glands have previously been stimulates mucoprotein secretion into the gland lumen. Determination of total protein content in the salivary gland by Lowry's method has shown that “glue” proteins make up 21–32% of the total protein content in the gland. The glands of thel (3) tl mutant do not give a PAS-positive reaction, nor are the granules of the secretion observed under the phase contrast microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interspecific chimeras have been produced by nuclear transplantation inDrosophila. The following species were used:Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. teissieri, D. yakuba, D. erecta andD. ananassae. Nuclei transplantated into fertilized eggs were able to multiply in a foreign cytoplasm and heterologous cells become integrated into the embryo to give viable adult chimeras. The morphological pattern of differentiation was autonomous both from that of the host and donor. In some cases, a possible non-compatibility between nuclei and cytoplasm has been postulated to explain the lack of chimeras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 157-165 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden histochemische Untersuchungen durchgeführt über die Lokalisation der vom Nervensystem unabhängigen Cholinesterase während der Gastrulation des Seeigels. Die Fermentaktivität wurde in primären und sekundären Mesenchymzellen sowie im invaginierenden Entoderm lokalisiert. Die primären Mesenchymzellen werden im Laufe der Entwicklung wieder ChE-negativ. In der sehr jungenPluteuslarve zeigen sämtliche Darmanschnitte sowie einzelne freie Zellen Fermentaktivität. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Cholinesterase-Aktivität der Zellen und ihrem Bewegungsverhalten wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The localization of cholinesterase (ChE)-activity during gastrulation of the sea urchin embryo was investigated at the cellular level by histochemical methods. ChE-activity was found in primary and secondary mesenchyme cells and in the invaginating archenteron. In the course of development, ChE-activity disappears from primary mesenchyme cells. In very early pluteus stages the enzyme was located in all parts of the gutand in some of the free cells. The results are discussed in relation to the locomotory behaviour of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A temporal pattern of decrease in radiosensitivity among the precursors of cells of the imaginal epidermis and muscles ofDrosophila was found. These changes are interpreted as marking the end of cell division in the precursors of specific structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 185-202 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung o 1. W\:ahrend der ersten 4 Puppentage vergr\:o\sBert sich die Augenanlage von einem dorsocaudal gelegenen Differenzierungszentrum aus durch Zellproliferation in einer peripheren Zuwachszone auf die 3fache Fl\:ache. Die Ausdehnung der Augenanlage erfolgt auf Kosten der angrenzenden Epidermis, die in sie inkorporiert wird. 2. In dieser kontinuierlich vorr\:uckenden Randzone beobachtet man 2 konzentrische Mitosestreifen. Ihnen entsprechen 2 Zonen, in denen3H-Thymidin eingebaut wird. Sie sind durch eine Zwischenzone getrennt, in der keine Replikation stattfindet. 3. Die Mitosenh\:aufigkeit sinkt bis zur Verpuppung ab, erreicht am Ende des 1. Puppentags ein Maximum und heht bis zum 5. Tag auf 0 zur\:uck. Insgesamt dominiert die radiäre Spindelorientierung (180 bzw. 0°), vor allem in der inneren Mitosenzone; als weiterer, weniger ausgeprägter Vorzugswinkel ist die 90°-Richtung erkennbar. Etwa 2/3 der Mitosen sind oberflächenparallel, die übrigen schräg oder senkrecht zur Oberfläche orientiert. 4. Aus dem3H-Thymidin-Einbaumuster ist zu schlie\sBen, da\sB in jeder der beiden Replikations- und Teilungszonen nur 1 Zellverdoppelung stattfindet und da\sB sie wahrscheinlich 2 aufeinanderfolgende Teilungsschritte repr\:asentieren. Die Kerne, die in der inneren Zone markiert werden, finden sich 24 Std sp\:ater in allen Bereichen eines Pr\:aommatidiums; sie geh\:oren offenbar allen Zellsorten an, die am Aufbau des Ommatidiums beteiligt sin. Die Befunde werden im Hinblick auf die Hypothese der klonalen Entstehung des Ommatidiums aus einer Stammzelle diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. During the first four days after pupation the eye anlage extends by cell proliferation from a dorsocaudal differentiation center. This extension is due to a peripheral growth zone and leads to a tripling of the eye area. During its extension, the eye anlage incorporates adjacent epidermal material. 2. Within this peripheral zone, which moves continuously outward, two concentric zones marked by dividing cells were observed (Fig. 1 c, 2a, b). After injection of tritium-labelled thymidine, the radioactive material is incorporated into these zones (Fig. 5). They are separated by an area in which no replication takes place. 3. In the course of development of the eye the mitotic rate decreases until pupation and then reaches its maximum at the end of the first day after pupation. Thereafter the mitotic rate decreases continously to zero on the 5th day (Fig. 3, Table 1). Most of the mitotic spindles are orientated radially with respect to the differentiation centre (180°), especially in the inner proliferation zone. Many of the remaining spindles were preferentially orientated tangentially (90°) with respect to the differentiation centre (Fig. 4). About 2/3 of the spindles are orientated parallel to the surface, the others are orientated in a diagonal or vertical direction (Table 2). 4. The3H-thymidine incorporation pattern indicates that in each zone most or all cells divide only once. 24 hours after injection the tritium-labelled nuclei of the inner zone were found in all regions of the praeommatidium; apparently all cell types which take part in differentiation of the ommatidium were labelled. The results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis of the clonal origin of the ommatidium from a stem cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Amphibian gastrula ectoderm was isolated and examined by scanning electron microscopy after 24 h, 48 h, 6 and 10 days in culture. Contrary to the view which was formerly held, ectoderm is already detemined to form epidermis at the early gastrula stage. The ultrastructural differentiation of the epidermal cellsin vitro is very similar to their developmentin vivo (Billettet al., 1973). The surface of the individual epidermal cell is curved convexly like a hemisphere and is covered by numerous microvilli. About 1 in 10 of the epidermal cells is ciliated. Ectoderm treated with vegetalizing (mesodermal/endodermal inducing) factor for 24 h differentiates predominantly into endodermal tissues. Already 24 h after the implantation of the inducer (employing the sandwich-technique) there is an obvious difference between the test series and the controls. The surface of the cells is flattened and covered by projections resembling processes of antlers. After 10 days (culture the cells with flat surfaces are arranged like an irregular honeycomb. Ciliated cells cannot be detected. The morphological differences in the surface of the untreated and induced ectoderm are discussed with regard to changes in cell affinity demonstrated in former experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 309-320 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Injection of actinomycin D (AMD) and fluorouracil (FU) into late third instar larvae brought about a fairly constant spectrum of phenodeviations in the imago of various genotypes ofDrosophila hydei including wild type. Common phenes were eye facet disarray, fusion of tarsal segments and to a lesser extent also eye reduction. AMD-reduced eyes ofwhite-mottled mutants also showed darker pigmentation than untreated controls.Notch mutants were more sensitive to AMD than non-Notch animals, as regards leg and bristle phenocopies. The most obvious difference between the two substances was their differential effect on bristle formation. AMD caused supernumerary bristles of thesplit mutant type, whereas FU tended to suppress bristle formation. The spectrum of malformations, especially after AMD treatment, resembled the temperature-sensitive phenes of certainNotch alleles ofD. melanogaster and suggests that AMD interferes with the transcription of the complexNotch gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des œufs de Poule et de Caille sont plongés pendant 30 secondes, au stade non incubé, dans une suspension aqueuse diluée de DDT commercial. Au cours des stades précoces du développement (stades 3 à 11), la population germinale des embryons issus d'œufs traités augmente progressivement et n'est que légèrement inférieure à celle des témoins. Pour chacun des stades considérés, la différence entre le nombre de cellules germinales des embryons témoins et de ceux qui ont été contaminés par le DDT n'est pas statistiquement significative. Pour exercer son effet stérilisant sur la lignée germinale, le DDT doit être administré avant la mise en incubation. D'autre part, le déficit en gonocytes ne devient significatif que plus tardivement, lorsque ceux-ci on colonisé les ébauches gonadiques.
    Notes: Summary Chick and Quail eggs were treated for 30 seconds, before incubation, with diluted aqueous suspension of commercial DDT. During the early stages of development, the germ cell population of treated embryos increases progressively and is only slightly lower than the control one. For each stage, the difference between the number of germ cells in controls and embryos contaminated by DDT, is not statistically significant. To exert its sterilizing effect on the germ cells, DDT must be administered before the beginning of incubation. At a later stage, when the gonocytes have colonized the gonads, the germ deficit becomes significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 233-245 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutantscut 6 (ct6) andBeadex of Jollos (Bx J) show nicks in the wing margins as well as other malformations in different regions of the body. Clonal analysis of the wing disk's development in these mutants indicates that massive cell loss occurs during the third larval instar. Morphogenetic mosaics, originating from mitotic recombination, reveal a non-autonomous behaviour of both mutant and wild-type cells. X-rays applied during the third larval instar produce phenocopies of these mutants. A clonal and a genetic analysis of these phenocopies has been carried out. The hypothesis that scalloping mutants such asct 6, BxJ and others, as well as X-rays, affect properties of cellular interaction, such as cell adhesivity or cohesion, is discussed. Morphogenetic mosaics in the wing margin suggest that the differentiation of the marginal cuticular elements requires the interaction of the cells of the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the wing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 176 (1975), S. 207-222 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The regulating capacity and the state of determination of the regions of the wing joint on the imaginal disk in the last two larval stages are examined. 2. After dissection of a part from the wing imaginal disk on the second and fourth day of the last larval stage, regeneration is initiated, but not completed because the remaining time period before the prepupal stage begins is too short. From tests made on the second day of the final larval stage some of the implanted medially halved wing disks will form symmetrically duplicated parts. 3. On the fifth day of the last larval period regeneration did not appear in all cases. The regulating capacity disappears after the fifth day. The period of determination may lay between the fifth and the sixth day of the last larval stage. 4. After extirpation of a medially halved wing disk during the penultimate stage, the remaining half wing-Anlage, apart from the joint elements, even the wing lamina will be partly or completely regenerated. 5. The parts of the imaginal disks, implanted in the abdomen, duplicate themselves in many cases but were not able to regenerate a complete wing joint. Such double formations appeared often, but not always symmetrically. Even the tegula can be doubled. 6. When regeneration has begun, if at all present, a delay in further development does not occur to the same extent inLymantria as inEphestia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 176 (1975), S. 253-266 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary If imaginal disks are transplanted into host flies that are kept on a protein-free sugar diet, their developmental processes come to a more or less reversibel standstill. This block is generally attributed to absence of cell divisions. Since cell division and DNA-synthesis are intimately coupled, we have used the polytene system of the salivary glands in order to study the question whether DNA-synthesis is possible in starved hosts. Nuclear DNA was determined with a modified Feulgen technique using the fluorescent dye BAO. Salivary glands of 72 hrs old male larvae were cultured in vivo and in vitro under various conditions (Fig. 2, Table 2, 3). In young starved hosts the nuclei can complete an already initiated S-phase, but further synthesis is blocked (Figs. 4, 5, 6). Older starved hosts are more effective in blocking DNA-synthesis. This block is largely reversible: in hosts that are transferred onto complete yeast food, the nuclei resume DNA-synthesis at a normal rate (Table 2, Kg. 5). Cytoplasmic differentiation as indicated by vacuolization of cultured gland cells has also been shown to be reversibly blocked in starved hosts (Fig. 7). Contrary to these findings starvation seemed to cause some irreversible alterations at the chromosomal level (Fig. 8). We suggest that in starved hosts protein synthesis is blocked and that this in turn will prevent initiation of new S-phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chick blastoderm ; L-tryptophan ; Gluconeogenesis ; Serotonin ; Yolk granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chick blastoderms, suppliedin vitro andin ovo with L-tryptophan at the primitive streak stage, showed in their continued development typical retardation of brain formation and somitogenesis in the embryo, whereas heart formation remained unaffected. In contrast to an overall reduction in size observed at the higher L-tryptophan concentrations, a moderate enlargement of the area opaca, compared with the controls, was found at the lower concentrations. This enlargement was combined with an increased flattening of the ectodermal area opaca cells and a reduction of the number of microvilli covering these cells. As a simultaneous supply of glucose could reduce, to some extent, the morphogenetic disturbances, these might partly be ascribed to a blocking of gluconeogenesis from L-tryptophan, but the overall reduction in size mentioned, together with the observation of a reduced decomposition of intracellular yolk granules in the L-tryptophan-treated blastoderms, indicates that impairment of intracellular yolk granule decomposition was the principal disturbance. The possible role of serotonin—probably formed from the L-tryptophan supplied—is suggested as a regulating factor in this connexion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 61-65 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Oncopeltus eyes grow by recruiting epidermal cells which become transformed into ommatidial components. We show by grafting experiments using a genetic label, that head epidermal cells from adults can also be recruited by growing larval eyes. However, prothoracic cells sort out from the head epidermis and do not become incorporated into the eye. A previous claim for successful transformation of cockroach thoracic cells into eye is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Lebenszyklus dreier Stamme des SüßwasserschwammesEphydatia fluviatilis, experimentell kultiviert in eimem Teich bei Brüssel, wurde untersucht. Die Untersuchung zog sich über vier Jahre hin. Saisonabhängige histologische Veränderungen werden beschrieben. Sie zeigen, daß diese Art in völlig unorganisiertem Zustand überwintert und im frühen Frühling regeneriert wird. Diese Beobachtungen bilden einen ersten Schritt in Richtung auf die Analyse der Induktionsmechanismen der sexuellen Fortpflanzung. Sie zeigen, daß der Schwamm zu seiner sexuellen Fortpflanzung notwendigerweise in der natürlichen Umgebung überwintern muß. Bemerkenswert ist, daß die ersten Oocyten jährlich zu Beginn des Winters auftreten, kurz nachdem die Schwämme ihr typisches, unorganisiertes Stadium erreicht haben. Die Stabilität der Stamme über die sexuelle Fortpflanzung hinaus wird nachgewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The life cycle of three strains of the fresh-water spongeEphydatia fluviatilis, experimentally cultivated in a pond near Brussels has been studied. The complete experiment lasted four consecutive years. Seasonal histological fluctuations are described. They emphasise that this species overwinters in a highly disorganized stage and completely regenerates in the early spring. These observations constitute a first approach to the analysis of the induction mechanisms of sexual reproduction. They clearly indicate the necessity for the sponge to overwinter in the field, in order to be able to undergo a sexual reproduction. It is to be noted that the first oocytes appear every year at the beginning of the winter, a little while after the sponges have reached their typical disorganized stage. The stability of the strain throughout sexual reproduction is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The so-called ap mutant strain ofXenopus laevis, which shows periodic albinism during its life cycle, produces batches of fertilized unpigmented eggs of high viability. These eggs were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Evidence is presented that mature melanosomes as well as premelanosomes are lacking in the eggs. The absence of pigment might be useful as a cell marker in further experimental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Long strips of trunk neural fold, without underlying mesoderm, were isolated from several Triturus species and wrapped into gastrula ectoderm. The explants developed mainly spinal cord, rhombencephalon, melanophores, loose mesenchyme, mesenchymal condensations and, in a few cases, limb buds. Correlations between neural crest and limb development are probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 101-127 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hühnerfeten im Alter von 10 Tagen, die während der Organogenese (31/2, 4 oder 41/2 Tage nach Entwicklungsbeginn) einmalig mit dem alkylierenden Cytostaticum Triäthylenmelamin (TEM) behandelt wurden, zeigten Mißbildungen verschiedener Organsysteme. Die im Kopfbereich auftretenden Mißbildungen wurden mikroskopisch-anatomisch analysiert. Nachdem in Teil I über die Abänderungen des Bewegungsapparates und des Nervensystems berichtet worden ist, befaßt sich der vorliegende Teil II mit den Veränderungen der Sinnesorgane und des Oberschnabels. Diese Ergebnisse stellen zusammen mit denen des Teils I (Scherschlicht, 1973) eine Bestandsaufnahme der Abänderungen an den Kopfstrukturen des Hühnerkeimes nach einmaliger TEM-Behandlung in den drei relativ dicht aufeinanderfolgenden Entwicklungsphasen dar. In sämtlichen Organsystemen des Kopfes finden sich behandlungsphasen-spezifische neben behandlungsphasen-unspezifischen Veränderungen. Besonders die ersteren können als Ausgangspunkte für weitere detaillierte Untersuchungen dienen, in welchen vor allem die Rolle der proliferativen Rhythmik bei der Differenzierung und Ausgestaltung der Kopforgane aufgeklärt werden soll. Ergebnisse 1. An den Augen stehen Schichtstörungen und Kolobome der Retina sowie Zerfall der Linsenkörper im Vordergrund. Diese Störungen finden ihre stärkste Ausprägung nach Behandlung am 41/2. Bruttag; bei früherer Behandlung sind sie nicht vorhanden oder nur sehr schwach ausgeprägt. 2. Die Abänderungen im Oberschnabelbereich (Verformung des Nasenganges und des sekundären Gaumens, Unterbrechungen der knorpeligen Nasenkapsel, Reduktion der Knochenanlagen, Erweiterung bzw. Verengung der Gaumenspalte) bilden ein kompliziertes Gefüge gegenseitiger Abhängigkeiten, das in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung der verschiedenen Embryonalwülste dieser Region betrachtet werden muß. Gesamthaft zeichnet sich mit steigendem Behandlungsalter eine Verlagerung des Schwerpunktes der Mißbildungszone von der Basis zur Spitze des Schnabels ab. 3. Im Innenohr ist die Entwicklung der Bogengänge und der Cristae gehemmt. Während die Bogengänge, insbesondere der Canalis posterior, vor allem bei Behandlung am 31/2. Tag betroffen sind, werden die Cristae fast ausschließlich bei Behandlung am 4. und 41/2. Tag abgeändert. 4. Im Mittelohrbereich treten Verformungen der Columella sowie Verkleinerungen der Paukenhöhle auf. Dieser Bereich ist vor allem bei Behandlung am 4. und 41/2. Tag betroffen.
    Notes: Summary Malformations of various organ systems were observed in 10-day-old chick fetuses treated with single doses of the alkylating cytostatic agent TEM during organo genesis (31/2, 4 or 41/2 days after the beginning of development). The malformations occurring in the heads of the fetuses were examined microscopically. Whereas changes in the skeleton, musculature and nervous system were reported in part I (Scherschlicht, 1973), alterations in the sense organs and upper beak are discussed in part II below. The results of the whole study provide an inventory of the alterations occurring in head structures of chick embryos treated with single doses of TEM in three closely consecutive developmental phases. In all organ systems of the head, treatment-phase-specific changes appeared alongside changes not specific to the phase of development in which treatment was performed. These phase-specific alterations could serve as a basis for further detailed investigations, which should lead to an explanation of the role of proliferative rhythms in the differentiation of the organs of the head. Results 1. In the eyes irregularities of the stratification of the retina, coloboma of the retina and disintegration of the lens-bodies are prevalent, especially in embryos treated at 41/2 days of development; in embryos treated earlier they are absent or occur only to a very slight extent. 2. The changes in the upper beak (deformation of the nasal meatus and secondary palate, interruption of the cartilaginous nasal capsule, reduction of the bone rudiments, widening or narrowing of the palatal cleft) indicate a complex system of reciprocal interdependencies which must be considered in connection with the development of the embryonic processes in this region. The focus of the malformations appears to shift from the base of the beak to its tip, in relation to the age of the embryo at the time of treatment. 3. In the inner ear the development of the semicircular canals and of the cristae is inhibited. The semicircular canals (in particular the posterior canal) are mainly affected when treatment is performed at 31/2 days of development, but the cristae are altered almost exclusively when treatment takes place at 4 or 41/2 days of development. 4. In the middle ear malformations of the columella as well as a diminution of the tympanic cavity occur. This region is primarily affected by treatment at 4 or 41/2 days of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Entoderm verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien vonTriturus alpestris wurde zusammen mit Ektoderm aus frühen Gastrulastadien nach der Sandwich-Methode explantiert. 2. Entoderm aller Entwicklungsstadien von der ungefurchten Eizelle bis zum Larvenstadium induzierte im Ektoderm Organe, die sich aus dem Mesoderm herleiten. Entoderm aus ungefurchten Eiern und 4-Zell-Stadien induzierte nur Blut und Coelomepithel, während Entoderm aus den anderen Stadien auch Muskel, Chorda und Pronephros induzierte. Blastula-Entoderm hat das höchste Induktionsvermögen. 3. Histologisch erkennbares Darmepithel wurde in geringer Menge ebenfalls induziert. Das explantierte Entoderm selbst zeigte nur Differenzierungen, wenn es aus 8–64 Zellstadien bis zu frühen Gastrulastadien entnommen war.
    Notes: Summary 1. Using embryos ofTriturus alpestris, a piece of the endoderm of successive stages was explanted together with ectoderm of early gastrulae by the sandwich method. 2. In all series—from the uncleaved egg to the larval stage—endoderm induced mesoderm-derived organs in the ectoderm. Endoderm from uncleaved eggs and 4-cell stages induced only blood and coelomic epithelium, whereas endoderm from the other stages also induced muscle, notochord, and pronephric tubules to a varying degree. Blastula endoderm had the highest inducing activity. 3. Small amounts of intestine were also induced in the ectoderm in some cases. The explanted endoderm itself showed differentiation only when taken from the 8–64 cell stage to early gastrula stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the movement of cells during gastrulation inXenopus laevis embryos, mid-sagittal 1 μm Epon sections were made from the embryos, the stages of which were characterised numerically. Montage photographs were prepared from these sections. Cells in the section were classified into four groups according to sizes of the yolk platelets contained, and the distribution of cells belonging to each group was indicated in the montage photographs. Using such photographs, mean velocities were calculated for the movement of each cell group and the elongation of the archenteron. During the initial period of gastrulation, the groove of the archenteron deepened slowly (ca. 1 μm/min). When the blastopore became semi-circular, cells of the presumptive foregut endoderm, prechordal plate and mesoderm began to move toward the animal pole along the inner surface of the blastocoelic wall at the rate of about 6 μm/min. The archenteron elongated parallel to the inner surface of the blastocoelic wall at the rate of 9 μm/min. In the ventral part, the elongation of the archenteron and movement of the cell groups were slower than in the dorsal part. Cells taking part in the movement were loosely packed and were seen to form pseudopodia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The antennal rudiment of pupalManduca sexta contains two small nerves in its lumen. Each nerve is made up of about 160 axons that run from neurons near the tip of the pupal antenna to the brain. These neurons are also present in antennae of pharate pupae, diapausing pupae, and developing adults, and are distinct from the primary sensory neurons that are associated with the cuticular sensilla of larval and adult antenna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 178 (1975), S. 51-69 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung VonCerura vinula undSphinx ligustri wurden die Oenozyten im letzten Larvenstadium und in der Puppe untersucht und ihre Struktur beschrieben. Ihre Aktivitätsphasen liegen zur Zeit der beiden Häutungen (Larven- und Puppenhäutung) und im letzten Larveninstar vor der Umfärbung, einem äußerlich sichtbaren Metamorphoseschritt, und vor der Puppenhäutung im Färbungsstadium III. Sie stehen mit den Umwandlungsprozessen, die in den Raupen zu diesem Zeitpunkt stattfinden in deutlichem Zusammenhang. —2–4 Monate nach der Puppenhäutung sind in den diapausierenden Puppen noch aktive larvale Oenozyten vorhanden. — Aktivitätsphasen sind charakterisiert durch viele große und kleine Vakuolen neben kanalartigen Strukturen im Zytoplasma, stark verzweigte Kerne und weitreichende Zellaus- und-einbuchtungen. Im Vorpuppenstadium (Färbungsstadium IV) entstehen die imaginalen Oenozyten aus der Epidermis, sie werden erst kurz vor der Adulthäutung aktiv. Haemozyten, neurosekrethaltig, legen sich dicht an die Oenozyten an und dringen zwischen Zelleinfaltungen ins Innere vor. Lipide, besonders reichlich in aktiven Phasen vorhanden, konnten sowohl im Zytoplasma nachgewiesen werden, als auch ihr Übertritt aus dem Fettgewebe, das den Drüsen eng anliegt. Glykogen tritt ebenfalls in den Oenozyten auf, seine Menge steht aber in keinem merklichen. Zusammenhang mit den Zellrhythmen. Physiologische Versuche beweisen, daß die Oenozyten und auch die Prothorakaldrüsen in aktiven Phasen das Häutungs- und Metamorphosehormon abgeben. Sie lösen beide den Umfärbungsprozeß aus. Gehirne mit neurosekretorischen Zellen in aktiver Phase oder Cholesterin können die Prothorakaldrüsen und z.T. auch die Oenozyten zur Abgabe ihres Hormons anregen.
    Notes: Summary Oenocytes of the last larval instar and the pupa ofCerura vinula andSpinx ligustri have been examined, and their structure described. The activity phases of the oenocytes at the time of both moultings, as well as during the last larval instar prior to an externally visible color change and prior to the pupal ecdysis i.e. during color change stage III) were clearly related to the process of metamorphosis, which was occurring in the larvae at this time 2–4 months after pupal ecdysis, diapausing pupae still show active larval oenocytes. Activity phases are characterized by many large and small vacuoles in addition to channel-like cytoplasmatic structures, heavily branched nuclei and extensive cell processes and infoldings of the cell membrane. In the pharate pupal stage (colour change stage IV) the imaginal oenocytes originate from the hypodermis, becoming active just prior to the adult ecdysis. Haemocytes containing neurosecretory material attach themselves to the oenocytes and enter through infoldings of the cell membrane. Lipids, which are particularly abundant during active phases, could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm as well as passing from the fatty tissue closely surrounding the glands. Glycogen was also present in the oenocytes. There was, however, no noticeable relation of these materials to the rhythm. Physiological experiments demonstrated that oenocytes as well as prothoracic glands, when active, secrete the moulting and metamorphosis hormone. Both glands initiate the process of colour change. Brain tissue, containing active neurosecretory cells, or cholesterol, may stimulate the prothoracic galnds and the oenocytes to secrete their hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method of isolating temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations blocking clone development, based on the analysis of twin spots produced by X-ray induced somatic recombination is reported. From this screen 10 ts mutations were recovered which caused an absence of the lethal-bearing clone at the restrictive temperature. Eight of these mutations were analyzed. Seven proved to be autonomous ts cell lethals and one was an autonomous ts mutation which reversibly affected cell division and growth of imaginal disc cells and growth of larval cells. The effects on development of one of the cell lethal mutations,l(1)ts-504, are described. Heat pulses (29°C) 24–72 hrs long caused a high frequency (up to 90%) of morphologically abnormal animals. The abnormalities observed were of two major kinds: deficiencies and duplications of imaginal disc derivatives. In addition, alterations of tarsal segmentations occurred. Heat pulses to larvae also delayed pupariation and eclosion by as much as four days. In general, longer pulses led to a greater delay in pupariation and eclosion and a higher frequency of deficiencies and duplications than shorter pulses. Exposure to restrictive temperature early in larval development delayed pupariation and resulted in mostly normal animals; exposure during the second and early third larval instar also delayed pupariation and led to a high frequency of duplications; exposure later in larval life, i.e. mid and late third larval instar, caused no delay in pupariation but led to a high frequency of deficiencies. These results can be explained by the occurrence of areas of cell death, which can be seen in the imaginal discs of larvae exposed to restrictive temperature by staining with trypan blue. This conclusion is further supported by the observation in gynandromorphs of duplications of female nonmutant tissue. These results are discussed in relation to current theories of pattern formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les nymphes du premier stade deByrsotria fumigata s'agrègent sur la mère et autour d'elle jusqu'au deuxième stade. Une mère deB. fumigata manifeste son comportement parental en soulevant le corps pour permettre aux nymphes de s'agréger sous elle. Le stimulus responsable de l'agrégation est une phéromone qu'on peut extraire des fèces. C'est par chémoréception de contact que les nymphes du premier stade s'orientent par rapport à la phéromone. Nous n'avons pas observé d'attraction interspécifique à la phéromone d'agrégation produite par les glandes mandibulaires deBlaberus craniifer.
    Notes: Summary First instar nymphs ofByrsotria fumigata aggregate under and around their mother until the second stage. Brooding behavior is exhibited by a female parentB. fumigata by raising her body to allow nymphs access to the aggregation space beneath. Stimulus for aggregation is a pheromone present in and extractable from feces. Contact chemoreception was found to be the major sensory modality used by first instar nymphs in orientation to a pheromone source. No interspecific attraction to the aggregation pheromone from mandibular glands ogBlaberus craniifer was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 67-73 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'observation montre que, dans les colonies deVespa orientalis, quelques nymphes avant l'éclosion ne sont pas orientées dans le rayon comme les autres. Nous avons analysé conséquences des erreurs de géotropisme survenant dans les conditions naturelles sur les différents stades de développement. Nous avons montré qu'elles sont létales pour le couvain à la fin de la nymphose. Des expériences qui ont été réalisées pour séparer les facteurs de gravité de ceux qui proviennent des alvéoles, il ressort que les larves répondent principalement aux facteurs alvéolaires et beaucoup moins à la pesanteur. Le nombre d'ouvrières issues d'alvéoles mal orientés est toujours inférieur à celui des sexués issus de tels alvéoles.
    Notes: Summary Observations made on colonies ofV. orientalis show that there are some pupae whose orientation in the comb prior to eclosion does not correspond to the geotropic orientation of the majority of pupae. Geotropic natural errors are discussed vis-a-vis their effect on the various developmental stages, and are shown to be lethal to the brood at the end of the pupae stage. Experiments were carried out in order to separate the gravitational cues from the cues originating within the combs cells, resulting that the larvae are responding primarily to cues originating within the cell, and much less so to gravity. The number of disoriented workers is invariable smaller than the number of disoriented sexual forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The natural mating flight occurs several times during a period of two months at least. Independent foundation seems to be the rule, but we cannot deny the possibility of the adoption of a swarming female by a group of workers detached from a colony. The success of several adoption experiments lead us to think also about the possibility of a new foundation by offshoots detached from a colony.
    Notes: Résumé L'essaimage naturel a lieu par intermittence pendant une longue période dépasant deux mois au moins. La fondatin indépendante semble être la règle mais nous ne pouvons pas exclure aussi l'adoption d'une femell essaimante par des ouvrières. La réussite de plusieurs expériences d'adoption nous incite à croire aussi à la possibilité de la fondation par bouturage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two peculiar cases of aggressive behavior in the AntMessor barbara are described. First, in some environmental conditions, there are fierce fights among members of the same nest. Second,M. barbara workers are able to block with little pebbles the neighbouring nest holes of ants of other species.
    Notes: Résumé On a observé deux conduites agressives particulières chezMessor barbara. Tout d'abord, dans certaines conditions de milieu, de violents combats peuvent opposer les membres d'une même société. D'autre part, ces fourmis sont capables d'obstruer avec des gravillons les orifices des nids voisins de fourmis d'espèces différentes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des sons bien définis, véhiculés par le substrat, sont produits le matin dans le nid deParavespula germanica. On détecte habituellement, de 20 à 60 émissions successives de 15 à 30 pulses chacune. L'analyse des sons révèle l'existence d'un pic à 500 Hz environ qui va en décroissant jusqu'à 2500 Hz. Ces sons véhiculés par le substrat sont émis aussi bien dans les nids avec reine que dans les nids orphelins. Il s'agit apparemment de signaux de faim.
    Notes: Summary Distinct substrate-borne sounds are produced in the nest ofParavespula germanica in the morning hours. Ordinarily 20–60 successive beats are detectable, each made up of 15–30 pulses. Analysis of the sounds reveals a peak at about 500 Hz, with a diminution up to 2,500 Hz. These substrate-borne sounds are produced both in queen-right as well as in queenless nests and apparently serve as hunger signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...