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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ant carrying in the desert leaf-cutter antAcromyrmex versicolor versicolor (Pergande) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Tragen und Freilassen von Männchen, Weibchen und Arbeiterinnen durch Arbeiterinnen vonAcromyrmex versicolor versicolor ist eine tägliche Tätigkeit, welche meistens nach Beendigung der Futtersuche stattfindet. «Ausgestossene» Ameisen, bei deren Mehrzahl es sich um Geschlechtstiere handelt, werden unversehrt in verschiedenen Abständen vom Nesteingang freigelassen. Die meisten der so ausgestossenen Ameisen kehren sofort zum Nest zurück, um anschließend erneut zurückgewiesen zu werden. Das Tragen von Ameisen kann als ein Mechanismus zur Verbreitung ebenso dienen, wie als eine Funktion, die Kolonie von belastenden Mitgliedern zu befreien. Dieses Verhalten könnte außerdem dazu dienen, nicht zur Kolonie gehörende Individuen zu eliminieren. Gegenwärtig sind die Hinweise auf diese drei Hypothesen allerdings einander widersprechend.
    Notes: Summary The carrying and release of males, females, and workers byA. v. versicolor workers from the nest is a daily activity that principally occurs after the colony stops foraging. Ejected ants, the majority of which are sexual forms, are released unharmed at various distances from the nest opening. Most expelled ants return directly to the nest only to be rejected again. Ant carrying may serve as a colony dispersal mechanism as well as functioning to rid the colony of those members that are heavy drains on colony resources. The behavior may also function to exclude noncolony members. Present évidence pertaining to all three hypotheses, is, however, conflicting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223125
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint nest use by two paper wasp species (1978)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 25 (1978), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons trouvé 2 nids de Guèpes du genrePolistes qui étaient occupés par des individus appartenant à 2 espèces différentes. L'un des nids avait été fondé par une 3e espèce. L'utilisation simultanée du même nid par des espèces différentes n'a pas encore été observée et n'a pas été prise en considération par les théories génétiques de l'évolution des sociétés d'Hyménoptères.
    Notes: Summary Two nests ofPolistes paper wasps were occupied simultaneously by two species. One of the nests had been founded by a third species. Joint nest use has not been previously observed inPolistes, and it is not accommodated by genetic theories of hymenopteran social evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kin recognition by larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica): effects of diet and prior exposure to conspecifics (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 86 (1991), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Kin recognition ; Rana sylvatica ; Tadpoles Wood frogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We investigated kin recognition by larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in blind laboratory experiments using spatial affinity as a recognition assay. Tadpoles reared with full-sibs displayed a significant preference for familiar full-sibs over unfamiliar non-kin, but failed to discriminate between unfamiliar full-sibs and unfamiliar paternal half-sibs. Tadpoles reared in social isolation (with or without maternal egg jelly) from the two-celled embryonic stage displayed a significant preference for unfamiliar full-sibs over unfamiliar non-kin. Tadpoles reared on a meat diet with their full-sibs: 1) exhibited a significant preference for unfamiliar full-sibs fed meat over unfamiliar non-kin fed meat, 2) failed to discriminate between unfamiliar full-sibs fed lettuce and unfamiliar non-kin fed meat, 3) exhibited a significant preference for unfamiliar non-kin fed meat over unfamiliar non-lin fed lettuce, 4) failed to discriminate between unfamiliar full-sibs fed meat and unfamiliar full-sibs fed lettuce, and 5) displayed a significant spatial preference for odors associated with meat (a familiar food) over odors associated with lettuce (an unfamiliar food). Our results, together with those of Cornell et al. (1989), indicate that the recognition cue of larval R. sylvatica has both genetic and environmental (dietary) components. Our findings establish that previous exposure to maternal egg jelly, kin, or conspecifics is not necessary for the development of kin recognition ability in larval R. sylvatica. Our results are more consistent with the self-learning of recognition cues (a form of phenotype matching) than with a recognition mechanism that involves a genetically fixed recognition template. Finally, our results indicate that increasing similarity between the recognition template and perceived cue does not necessarily result in increasing spatial affinity for kin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317596
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kin recognition by tadpoles and froglets of the wood frog Rana sylvatica (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 312-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Kin recognition ; Rana sylvatica ; Tadpoles ; Froglets ; Paternal half-siblings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We investigated kin recognition by the wood frog Rana sylvatica in blind laboratory experiments using spatial proximity as a recognition assay. Tadpoles were tested for the ability to discriminate between: 1) familiar full-sibs and unfamiliar non-kin, 2) unfamiliar paternal half-sibs and unfamiliar non-kin, and 3) familiar and unfamiliar full-sibs. Tadpoles discriminated full- and paternal half-sibs from unrelated conspecifics, but did not discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar full-sibs. Froglets from the same laboratory population were tested for the ability to discriminate between 1) familiar full-sibs and unfamiliar non-kin, and 2) unfamiliar paternal half-sibs and unfamiliar non-kin. Froglets preferentially associated with full- and half-sibs over unrelated conspecifics. Our results show that familiarity, i.e., prior association, is not necessary for kin recognition in tadpoles and froglets. The ability of tadpoles and froglets to recognize unfamiliar paternal half-sibs demonstrates that a common maternal factor is not necessary for kin recognition, and indicates that the recognition cue has a genetic component. Our results add to the increasing evidence that a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate animals have the ability to recognize unfamiliar kin by using genetically specified recognition cues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging and leaf-cutting of the desert gardening ant Acromyrmex versicolor versicolor (Pergande) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Oecologia 20 (1975), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four colonies of the desert leaf-cutter ant Acromyrmex versicolor versicolor (Pergande) located 30 miles N.E. of Tempe, Arizona were observed over a 7 month period. The ants utilized trails in foraging, a characteristic of higher attines, as well as foraging singly, a typical pattern among the more primitive gardeners. The ants cut and collected both dry and green vegetation with dry grasses comprising the bulk of the forage. The ants increased their cutting of green vegetation after significant rainfall but collected dry grasses almost exclusively during dry periods. Detailed macro-motion picture analysis of leaf-cutting revealed that the desert gardener utilized a unique technique for cutting compound desert leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364324
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral Vibrations by Social Wasps Signal Larvae to Withhold Salivary Secretions (Polistes fuscatus, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oscillations ; lateral vibrations ; larval saliva ; Polistes fuscatus ; social wasp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The communicative meaning of an oscillation (lateral vibration) performed by foundresses of social wasps (Polistes fuscatus) was investigated by sampling larval saliva from 12 postworker, single-foundress colonies and by viewing videotapes of 17 multiple-foundress (139.3 h) and 16 single-foundress (32 h) preworker colonies. Foundresses spent significantly more time inspecting cells before performing a lateral vibration (LV) than after and commonly became inactive after performing an LV. The proportion of departures temporally proximate to LVs was significantly greater in single- than in multiple-foundress colonies. Departures and LVs were significantly temporally associated in single-foundress colonies. Single foundresses were significantly more likely to perform an LV prior to departing on longer than shorter trips. In multiple-foundress colonies there was a significant temporal relationship between LVs and departures that left the nest unattended. Larvae secreted significantly less saliva, a nutritious substance provided to adults, immediately after an LV than in the absence of an LV. Contextual evidence and results of sampling larval saliva indicate that LVs by foundresses signal larvae to withhold or reduce their secretion of saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020910622654
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons of the paper wasp,Polistes fuscatus: A search for recognition pheromones (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1677-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes fuscatus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; discriminant function analysis ; nestmate recognition ; social wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular chemicals of 124 individual wasps (foundresses and workers) from 23 colonies ofPolistes fuscatus were analyzed. The compounds identified, all of which were hydrocarbons, were similar to those of other vespid wasps in that the bulk of the hydrocarbons were 23–33 carbons in chain length. However, the hydrocarbon profile ofP. fuscatus differed from those of its congeners in its proportions of straight-chain alkanes, methylalkanes, and alkenes. Three of the 20 identified hydrocarbons, 13- and 15-MeC31, 11,15- and 13,17-diMeC31, and 13-, 15-, and 17-MeC33, had properties postulated for recognition pheromones: colony specificity, efficacy in assigning wasps to the appropriate colony, heritability, lack of differences between foundresses and workers, and distinctive stereochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059889
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sister, aunt-niece, and cousin recognition by social wasps (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 409-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: kin recognition ; social wasps ; paper wasps ; aunt-niece recognition ; cousin recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In blind laboratory observations, gynes (potential queens) of the social waspPolistes fuscatus discriminated nestmate sisters from unrelated nonnestmate gynes but failed to discriminate between nestmate sisters and nonnestmate aunts and nieces. Gynes treat nonnestmate aunts and nieces as nestmate sisters, indicating that gynes recognize kin other than nestmates (i.e., aunts and nieces) by using genetic odors. In blind field observations, femaleP. fuscatus discriminated between nestmate sisters and nonnestmate first cousins and unrelated nonnestmates. However, females failed to discriminate between nonnestmate first cousins and unrelated nonnestmates. The results of the laboratory and field studies provide additional support for the cue similarity threshold model of recognition, which has important sociobiological implications for social wasps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony activity integration in primitively eusocial wasps: the role of the queen (Polistes fuscatus, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 13 (1983), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The queen's role in colony activity integration in small post-emergence colonies of Polistes fuscatus was investigated in the field. We continuously recorded the behaviors of all wasps in (1) undisturbed colonies, (2) colonies from which the queen had been removed, (3) colonies from which a single worker had been removed, (4) colonies with a cooled, relatively inactive queen, and (5) colonies with a cooled, relatively inactive worker (29 colonies; 148 h observation). The queen spends more time on the nest, spends more of its nest time active, participates in more interactions/h, and initiates more interactions/h than does the average worker. Overall, the queen is involved in more interactions than is any other colony member. Queen removal depresses worker activity level and causes episodes of worker activity to become less temporally coupled (less synchronized). The presence of a cooled, inactive queen on the nest produces an even greater reduction in worker activity level and also results in decreased synchrony in worker activity episodes. Removal or cooling of a single worker produces no systematic changes in the activities of the other colony members. We conclude that the P. fuscatus queen is a central pacemaker and coordinator of colony activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of nestmate discrimination in social wasps (Polistes, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 13 (1983), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Laboratory studies of nestmate recognition (250.0 h of behavioral observation) were conducted on two species of paper wasps (Polistes). Gynes of P. carolina isolated from their natal nest and nestmates at emergence later failed to recognize nestmates, but gynes previously exposed only to their natal nest for 2 h recognized nestmates. Gynes of P. fuscatus previously (1) exposed to their natal nest and nestmates for at least 5d, (2) exposed only to their natal nest for 4.16–13.5 h and (3) exposed only to their natal nest for 1 h, all discriminated nestmates from non-nestmates. Thus, exposure to the natal nest is a sufficient condition for the ontogeny of nestmate recognition ability. Unrelated gynes of P. fuscatus, previously exposed to different fragments of the same but unrelated nest, also recognized each other. These results, together with the evidence from other recent studies, indicate that the mechanism of nestmate discrimination in Polistes has the following attributes. Recognition cues are (1) learned, (2) learned in the adult stage, (3) learned within a few hours of emergence with memories of these cues being durable if not permanent; thus, learning of recognition cues resembles imprinting; (4) Recognition cues are learned from the natal nest and/or brood and not from adult nestmates, (5) they cannot be visual, tactile, or auditory features of adult nestmates and thus are probably chemical, and (6) they can be both learned and acquired from a nest and/or its brood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299677
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