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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sociality and seasonal size variation in Halictine bees (1975)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die jahreszeitliche Variation der Körpergrösse der Arbeiterinnen vonLasioglossum (Dialictus)-Arten ist mit dem Grad der Sozialität (gesessen etwa an der Lebensdauer der Königinnen) korreliert, den die betreffenden Arten erreicht haben. Ein interspezifischer Vergleich der Grösse der Variation ergibt ein einfaches Mass der Sozialität der Arten. Verschiedene Muster der jahreszeitlichen Variation der Körpergrösse können unterschieden werden. In Arten mit niedriger Sozialität scheinen diese Muster von exogenen Faktoren, wie Temperatur und Tageslänge, kontrolliert zu werden, in sozial höheren Arten dagegen von endogenen (kolonieeigenen).
    Notes: Summary For species ofLasioglossum, subgenusDialictus, the amount of seasonal body size variation of worker bees is correlated with indicators of the level of sociability attained by the species, such as queen longevity. Interspecific comparison of the amount of variation gives a simple measure of the level of sociality of the species. Different patterns of seasonal body size variation can be controlled by factors such as temperature and day length which are exogenous to the colony but in species with higher levels of sociality these patterns may be controlled endogenously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agonistic behavior, social interactions, and behavioral specialization in a primitively eusocial bee (1978)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 25 (1978), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Eine neue Beobachtungsmethode wird verwendet, um das Verhalten vonLasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) zu analysieren. Drei Gruppen werden dabei untersucht: Königinnen, Wächter und Sammelbienen. Diese Gruppen zeigen wesentliche Unterschiede in einigen Verhaltensmerkmalen. Es wurde nie beobachtet, dass Wächter eines Volkes die eines anderen Volkes passierten, was ein gewöhnliches Verhalten für Bienen von selben Volke ist. Sammelbienen und Königinnen dagegen passieren häufig. Wächter rufen in Sammelbienen öfter unterwürfiges Verhalten hervor als umgekehrt. 2. Königinnen sind in zwei Körpermessungen wesentlich grösser als Wächter, und Wächter wesentlich grösser als Sammelbienen. Im Durchschnitt haben Königinnen den grössten Eierstock, Wächter den zweitgrössten und Sammelbienen den Kleinsten. 3. Eine Beziehung zwischen Eierstockentwicklung und dominantem Verhalten kann angenommen, aber nicht schlüssig bewiesen werden. 4. Junge, einen Tag alte Bienen mit noch keinerlei sozialer Erfahrung zeigen normales soziales Verhalten und passieren andere Bienen, was fünf Tage alte, un erfahrene Bienen dagegen nicht tun. Es gibt offensichtlich eine kritische Periode in der Varhaltensentwicklung der Einzeltiere, nach der sie kein normales Verhalten zeigen können. 5. Treffen Mitglieder verschiedener Gruppen aufeinander, so können Einzeltiere schnell den Status ihres Gegenübers einschätzen und die angemessene Verhaltensreation zeigen.
    Notes: Summary 1. A new method of observation is used to assay the behavior of three groups of individuals from colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). These groups (queens, guards, and foragers) differ significantly in several behavioral attributes. Guards were never observed to pass non-nestmate guards, a common interaction among nestmates. Foragers and queens pass frequently. Guards elicit submissive behavior from foragers more frequently than foragers elicit submissive behavior in guards. 2. Queens are significantly larger in two body size measurements than guards, and guards are significantly larger than foragers. Queens have the largest ovaries, guards the second largest, and foragers the smallest, on the average. 3. A relationship between ovarian development and dominance behavior is suggested but not conclusively demonstrated. 4. Young (1 day old) bees with no social experience engage in normal social interactions, including passing, but older (5 day old) inexperienced bees do not pass; there is apparently a critical period in the behavioral development of individuals after which the cannot engage in normal social interactions. 5. In encounters between members of different groups individuals can rapidly assess the status of the individual which they are encountering and display the appropriate behavioral response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224299
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social, stimulatory and motivational factors involved in intraspecific nest defense of a primitively eusocial halictine bee (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The major releasing stimulus in intraspecific nest defense ofLasioglossum zephyrum is the odor emitted by a non-resident bee. Non-resident bees older than two days emit the releasing odor and elicit aggressiveness by guard bees, whereas younger non-resident bees are accepted more often. Defense motivation is a function of nest age and/or ontogeny. As nests become older and cells are constructed and provisioned, there is a gradual increase in guard aggressiveness, although no one attribute of nest ontogeny (such as cell construction) seems to be a definitive point at which nest defense is initiated, nor is there any specific day after the emergence of the first bee when nest defense begins. The guard plays the major role in rejecting intruders, although other members of the colony may do so if a non-resident bee passes the guard and enters the nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606997
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR OF HONEY BEES: Organization, Genetics, and Comparisons with Other Bees (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 49 (2004), S. 271-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One key advantage of eusociality is shared defense of the nest, brood, and stored food; nest defense plays an important role in the biology of eusocial bees. Recent studies on honey bees, Apis mellifera, have focused on the placement of defensive activity in the overall scheme of division of labor, showing that guard bees play a unique and important role in colony defense. Alarm pheromones function in integrating defensive responses; honey bee alarm pheromone is an excellent example of a multicomponent pheromonal blend. The genetic regulation of defensive behavior is now better understood from the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with variation in defensiveness. Colony defense in other eusocial bees is less well understood, but enough information is available to provide interesting comparisons between A. mellifera and other species of Apis, as well as with allodapine, halictine, bombine, and meliponine bees. These comparative studies illustrate the wide variety of evolutionary solutions to problems in colony defense in the Apoidea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123155
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nepotism in the honey bee (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 346 (1990), S. 707-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PAGE ET AL. REPLY-Carlin and Frumhoff suggest that a reduced number of subfamilies ('partrilines' derived from different fathers) may lead to atypical behaviour, citing the study of Hogen-doorn and Velthuis8 as evidence. Hogen-doorn and Velthuis established colonies that had two distinguishable ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346707a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics and labour in bees (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 333 (1988), S. 299-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EARLY models for the evolution of worker caste in social insects assumed that there is little genetic variation in the social unit1. But recent genetic studies show that colonies of many species incorporate considerable variation2, either because many queens are present (polygyny)3 or because the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/333299a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odour detection in bees (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 120-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BREED REPLIES — Getz, of course, is quite wrong: his critique fails on both empirical and logical grounds. Empirically, he suggests that hexadecane might simply be overpowering methyl docosanoate at the concentrations used, and that had a series of ratios been tried we might have found a pair ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362120a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do simple rules apply in honey-bee nestmate discrimination? (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 685-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are several models of template formation that explain how social insects might integrate a number of cues to discriminate kin from non-kin (or nestmates from non-nestmates)1'2. Getz1 used simple allelic modelling to show that social insects could base discrimination either on the presence of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357685a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging energetics of the ant, Paraponera clavata (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Foraging ; Energetics ; Ant ; Paraponera ; Pogonomyrmex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The energy currencies used by foraging animals are expected to relate to the energy costs and benefits of resource collection. However, actual costs of foraging are rarely measured. We measured the ratio of energetic benefit relative to cost (B/C) during foraging for the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata. The B/C ratio was 3.9 for nectar-foragers and 67 for insect prey foragers. In contrast, the B/C ratio during foraging for seed harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) is over 1000, demonstrating that the B/C ratio can vary widely among ants. The B/C ratio was 300 times lower for nectar-foraging Paraponera than for the seed-harvesting Pogonomyrmex because of: (1) a 5-fold lower energetic benefit per trip, (2) a 10-fold greater cost due to longer foraging distances, and (3) a 6-fold greater energy cost per meter due to larger body size. For Paraponera daily colonial energy intake rates are similar to expeditures and may limit colony growth and reproduction. In contrast, for Pogonomyrmex energy intake rates are an order of magnitude higher than estimated costs, suggesting that Pogonomyrmex colonies are unlikely to be limited by short-term energy intake. We suggest that variation in individual B/C ratios may explain why the foraging behavior of Paraponera but not Pogonomyrmex appears sensitive to foraging costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330003
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distance effects on resource profitability and recruitment in the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 92 (1992), S. 542-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Foraging ; Ants ; Paraponera clavata ; Recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We examine how cost and benefit components of resource profitability affect recruitment in the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata. To vary resource profitability, we changed the quantity of artificial nectar baits presented to foragers and the distance of nectar baits from the nest. Both distance to and amount of resource affected quantitative aspects of recruitment. At increased distances foragers were less likely to recruit, and fewer workers were recruited to the resource area. The amount of nectar affected the tendency of foragers to recruit, but had no effect on the number of ants recruited. Variation in resource distance was also associated with qualitative changes in recruitment strategy. Foragers at distant sites recruited from the canopy rather than from the nest, and often transferred nectar to other workers for transport to the nest. Nectar transfer and extra-nidal recruitment significantly reduced the time required for resource collection. It may also have increased the ability of workers to specialize in specific foraging tasks. A portion of the colony's foraging force specialized spatially by remaining in distant foraging areas without returning to the nest. The flexible recruitment system of P. clavata increases colonial net energetic gain rates by concentrating foraging effort on resources yielding the highest net energetic rewards, and increases the competitive abilities of individual colonies at resource sites by decreasing collection times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317846
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