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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 21-27 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitamin A (Retinoic acid) ; Chick embryo ; Integument Morphogenesis ; Ptilopody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intra-amniotic injection of 125 μg of retinoic acid to 10-day old chick embryos causes the formation of feathers on the scales of the anterior face of the tarsometatarsus. The early effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the chick foot integument have been studied between 12 h and 72 h following RA injections by two methods. Firstly, sequential fixation in glutaraldehyde and then osmium tetroxide to follow the early changes at the macroscopical and ultrastructural levels. Secondly, sequential grafts of contralateral samples on to chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of nontreated chick embryos to test their morphogenetic performance and to determine the minimum time for RA to take effect. Results show that during the first 24 h RA causes morphological changes of both epidermal and dermal cells in almost half of the injected embryos. In particular, the dermal-epidermal junction is transformed from scale-type into feather-type. However, the development of grafted samples shows that feather morphogenesis is irreversibly undertaken only 24 to 48 h after the treatment. At this stage, roundish feather-like placodes are formed instead of the normal rectangular, scale placodes. The scales, the formation of which has been temporarily inhibited, resume their development between 48 h and 72 h after the the injection, proximally to the feather buds, so that feathers are finally carried by the distal tips of the scales.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 323-340 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Les résultats d'expériences précédentes de recombinaisons dermo-épidermiques entre Oiseaux et Mammifères ont montré que la qualité spécifique des phanères est déterminée par l'épiderme, mais que diverses étapes de leur morphogenèse sont sous la dépendance du derme. Il était intéressant de reprendre ce type d'expériences avec de la peau de Reptile. 2. Les fragments de peau reconstituée homo- et hétérospécifique, comprenant derme et épiderme des trois classes, ont été cultivés pendant 8 jours sur la membrane chorioallantoïdienne du poulet. 3. Les associations homospécifiques lézard/lézard d'épiderme dorsal, caudal ou ventral et de derme dorsal ont abouti à la formation de petites écailles de type dorsal; celles d'épiderme dorsal, caudal ou ventral et de derme ventral à la formation de grandes écailles de type ventral. 4. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal, caudal et ventral de lézard et de derme de crête de poulet n'ont pas formé de phanères. 5. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal et caudal de lézard et de derme tarsométatarsien de poulet ont formé des écailles de type poulet. 6. Les associations hétérospécifiques d'épiderme dorsal, caudal et ventral de lézard et de derme ptilogène de poulet et trichogène de souris ont formé des bourgeons d'écaille dont le diamètre et la disposition sont conformes à la qualité spécifique et régionale du derme employé (derme dorsal de poulet, derme dorsal ou derme de lèvre supérieure de souris). 7. Les associations hétérospécifiques de derme de lézard et d'épiderme de poulet ou de souris ont formé quelques rares placodes épidermiques, qui ont été interprétées comme des bourgeons pileux dans le cas de l'épiderme de souris. 8. La différenciation des écailles de Reptile résulte d'interactions dermo-épidermiques. L'épiderme de Reptile répond toujours aux messages morphogènes issus d'un derme de Reptile, d'Oiseau ou de Mammifère en formant des bourgeons d'écaille. Cependant, la transformation de ces bourgeons en écailles requiert le contact d'un derme lépidogène, derme de Reptile ou bien encore derme de patte d'Oiseau. Le derme de Reptile apparaît incapable d'induire la formation de nombreux phanères dans un épiderme d'Oiseau ou de Mammifère. 9. Dans les trois classes d'Amniotes, les mécanismes de la différenciation de la peau présentent une remarquable similitude. En effet, la morphogenèse des écailles, des plumes et des poils requiert deux sortes de messages dermiques: les uns, précoces, pouvant être compris et interprétés par un épiderme d'une autre classe zoologique, sont responsables du déclenchement de la morphogenèse et de l'emplacement, taille et disposition des bourgeons de phanères dont la qualité spécifique (bourgeons scutellaires, plumaires ou pileux) est déterminée par l'épiderme. Les autres, plus tardifs et spécifiques, sont interprétables seulement par l'épiderme de la même classe et contiennent des informations nécessaires á l'organisation architecturale de l'écaille, de la plume et du poil.
    Notes: Summary 1. Previous experiments on dermo-epidermal recombinations between birds and mammals have shown that the class-specific quality of the cutaneous appendages depends on intrinsic properties of the epidermis but that several steps of their morphogenesis are controlled by the dermis. This morphogenetic interplay has been tested further in new experiments with reptilian skin. 2. Reconstituted homo- and heterospecific skin explants, involving epidermis and dermis of lizard, chick and mouse, were cultured for 8 days on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. 3. Homospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and dorsal lizard dermis gave rise to small dorsal-type scales. Recombinants of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and ventral lizard dermis gave rise to large ventral-type scales. 4. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and chick dermis from the glabrous comb region did not differentiate any scale structures. 5. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal or caudal lizard epidermis and tarsometatarsal chick dermis formed large chick-type scales. 6. Heterospecific recombinations of dorsal, caudal or ventral lizard epidermis and chick feather-forming, or mouse hair-forming or whisker-forming dermis gave rise to tubercular scale primordia. The diameter and distribution of these primordia were in conformity with the feather, pelage hair and vibrissal patterns respectively. 7. Heterospecific association of lizard dermis and chick or mouse epidermis led to the formation of few epidermal placode-like pegs; those differentiated by the mouse epidermis were interpreted as hair bud structures. 8. The differentiation of reptilian scales is the result of dermo-epidermal interactions. Reptilian epidermis, when confronted with either reptilian, avian, or mammalian dermis, always responds to the dermal messages by forming scale buds. For final scale morphogenesis, however, reptilian dermis or avian scale-forming dermis is required. Reptilian dermis appears to be unable to induce extensive appendage formation in avian or mammalian epidermis. 9. A remarkable similarity exists in the mechanisms of skin differentiation in the three classes of amniotes. Indeed scales, feathers and hairs require two kinds of dermal messages for their complete morphogenesis: early ones, which can be transmitted from one class to another, and which are responsible for the initiation, site, size and distribution pattern of appendage primordia, whose class-specific quality (scale, feather or hair buds) is determined by the epidermis; and later specific ones which can only be understood within the class and which are necessary for the completion of the specific architecture of the cutaneous appendage.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 181 (1977), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mammalian cutaneous appendages ; Dermo-epidermal interaction ; Regional determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The problem of the regional specification of snout vibrissae and dorsal pelage hairs has been analysed in mouse embryos. Reconstituted homo-and heterotopic skin explants, consisting of epidermis and dermis from both regions, were cultured on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. Recombinants of 12.5-day upper lip dermis and 12.5-day dorsal epidermis developed a small number of large vibrissal type follicles arranged in a recognizable rectangular vibrissal pattern. The reverse combinations of 12.5- or 14.5-day dorsal dermis and 11- to 12.5-day upper lip epidermis formed a single population of numerous and small follicles arranged in a typical pelage hair pattern (trio groups) or gave rise to a mixed population of follicles with both whiskers and pelage hairs. It is concluded that the dermis is responsible for the regional specification of the cutaneous appendages and their distribution pattern. However, at the time it was isolated, the upper lip epidermis already possesses the information for the morphogenesis of vibrissae, but remains malleable and responsive to the dermal influence.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 185 (1978), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitamin A (retinoic acid) ; Chick embryo ; Integument morphogenesis ; Ptilopody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Injection of retinoic acid (3×62.5 μg or 3×125 μg) into the amniotic sac of chick embryos between 10 and 12 days of incubation resulted in the formation of club-shaped feathers within the feather tracts, and the development of feathers in the scale-forming areas of the feet. The latter finding is interpreted as caused by a disturbance of the tissue interactions which occur in the skin of the feet at this time.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 359 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2000-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-4773
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6356
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0949-944X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-041X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0949-944X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-041X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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