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  • Female  (181)
  • Signal Transduction  (69)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (241)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Physical Society
  • Public Library of Science
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009  (241)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2007  (241)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (241)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Physical Society
  • Public Library of Science
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (1)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009  (241)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉International Stem Cell Forum Ethics Working Party -- Knoppers, Bartha Maria -- Revel, Michel -- Richardson, Genevra -- Kure, Josef -- Lotjonen, Salla -- Isasi, Rosario -- Mauron, Alexandre -- Wahlstrom, Jan -- Rager, Bracha -- Peng, Peng Lee Hin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):368-70; author reply 368-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Embryo Research/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Oocyte Donation/*economics/ethics/standards ; Reimbursement Mechanisms
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: In flowering plants, signaling between the male pollen tube and the synergid cells of the female gametophyte is required for fertilization. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant feronia (fer), fertilization is impaired; the pollen tube fails to arrest and thus continues to grow inside the female gametophyte. FER encodes a synergid-expressed, plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase. We found that the FER protein accumulates asymmetrically in the synergid membrane at the filiform apparatus. Interspecific crosses using pollen from Arabidopsis lyrata and Cardamine flexuosa on A. thaliana stigmas resulted in a fer-like phenotype that correlates with sequence divergence in the extracellular domain of FER. Our findings show that the female control of pollen tube reception is based on a FER-dependent signaling pathway, which may play a role in reproductive isolation barriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar-Restrepo, Juan-Miguel -- Huck, Norbert -- Kessler, Sharon -- Gagliardini, Valeria -- Gheyselinck, Jacqueline -- Yang, Wei-Cai -- Grossniklaus, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):656-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Brassicaceae/genetics/physiology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Germination ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/enzymology ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Seeds/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated protein recruitment to cellular membranes is of paramount importance for signal transduction. The recruitment of many PH domains is controlled through production and turnover of their membrane ligand, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We show that phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) establishes another mode of PH domain regulation through a soluble ligand. At physiological concentrations, IP4 promoted PH domain binding to PIP3. In primary mouse CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, this was required for full activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk after T cell receptor engagement. Our data suggest that IP4 establishes a feedback loop of phospholipase C-gamma1 activation through Itk that is essential for T cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yina H -- Grasis, Juris A -- Miller, Andrew T -- Xu, Ruo -- Soonthornvacharin, Stephen -- Andreotti, Amy H -- Tsoukas, Constantine D -- Cooke, Michael P -- Sauer, Karsten -- AR048848/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):886-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymphopoiesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Adhesion of a biological cell to another cell or the extracellular matrix involves complex couplings between cell biochemistry, structural mechanics, and surface bonding. The interactions are dynamic and act through association and dissociation of bonds between very large molecules at rates that change considerably under stress. Combining molecular cell biology with single-molecule force spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for exploring the complexity of cell adhesion, that is, how cell signaling processes strengthen adhesion bonds and how forces applied to cell-surface bonds act on intracellular sites to catalyze chemical processes or switch molecular interactions on and off. Probing adhesion receptors on strategically engineered cells with force during functional stimulation can reveal key nodes of communication between the mechanical and chemical circuitry of a cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, Evan A -- Calderwood, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1148-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. evans@physics.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion/*physiology ; Humans ; Integrins/chemistry/physiology ; Selectins/chemistry/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrum Analysis
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control ; *Administrative Personnel ; Employment ; Female ; *Health Policy ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Public Health Administration ; South Africa/epidemiology
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormick, Sheila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service-UC Berkeley, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Although clownfish sounds were recorded as early as 1930, the mechanism of sound production has remained obscure. Yet, clownfish are prolific "singers" that produce a wide variety of sounds, described as "chirps" and "pops" in both reproductive and agonistic behavioral contexts. Here, we describe the sonic mechanism of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, Eric -- Colleye, Orphal -- Fine, Michael L -- Frederich, Bruno -- Vandewalle, Pierre -- Herrel, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Batiment B6, Universite de Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgique. E.Parmentier@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Jaw/physiology ; Ligaments/physiology ; Male ; Mouth/physiology ; Movement ; Perciformes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolter, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rkolter@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli/cytology/*physiology ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; *Quorum Sensing ; Signal Transduction
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jung-Kyoo -- Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in Western countries. We used genome-wide association scanning to identify a 58-kilobase interval on chromosome 9p21 that was consistently associated with CHD in six independent samples (more than 23,000 participants) from four Caucasian populations. This interval, which is located near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes, contains no annotated genes and is not associated with established CHD risk factors such as plasma lipoproteins, hypertension, or diabetes. Homozygotes for the risk allele make up 20 to 25% of Caucasians and have a approximately 30 to 40% increased risk of CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McPherson, Ruth -- Pertsemlidis, Alexander -- Kavaslar, Nihan -- Stewart, Alexandre -- Roberts, Robert -- Cox, David R -- Hinds, David A -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Folsom, Aaron R -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Hobbs, Helen H -- Cohen, Jonathan C -- HL-066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1488-91. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa K1Y4W7, Canada. rmcpherson@ottawaheart.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Coronary Disease/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Risk Factors
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to extracellular matrix- and growth factor-producing cells supports liver regeneration through promotion of hepatocyte proliferation. We show that the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member expressed in HSCs after fibrotic and cirrhotic liver injury in humans, is a regulator of liver repair. In mice, depletion of p75NTR exacerbated liver pathology and inhibited hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. p75NTR-/- HSCs failed to differentiate to myofibroblasts and did not support hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, inhibition of p75NTR signaling to the small guanosine triphosphatase Rho resulted in impaired HSC differentiation. Our results identify signaling from p75NTR to Rho as a mechanism for the regulation of HSC differentiation to regeneration-promoting cells that support hepatocyte proliferation in the diseased liver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Passino, Melissa A -- Adams, Ryan A -- Sikorski, Shoana L -- Akassoglou, Katerina -- 5T32-GM07752/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS051470/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30-NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1853-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Progression ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/pathology/physiology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: The role of dopamine in monitoring negative action outcomes and feedback-based learning was tested in a neuroimaging study in humans grouped according to the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism DRD2-TAQ-IA. In a probabilistic learning task, A1-allele carriers with reduced dopamine D2 receptor densities learned to avoid actions with negative consequences less efficiently. Their posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), involved in feedback monitoring, responded less to negative feedback than others' did. Dynamically changing interactions between pMFC and hippocampus found to underlie feedback-based learning were reduced in A1-allele carriers. This demonstrates that learning from errors requires dopaminergic signaling. Dopamine D2 receptor reduction seems to decrease sensitivity to negative action consequences, which may explain an increased risk of developing addictive behaviors in A1-allele carriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Tilmann A -- Neumann, Jane -- Reuter, Martin -- Hennig, Jurgen -- von Cramon, D Yves -- Ullsperger, Markus -- R01MH74457/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. tklein@cbs.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; *Avoidance Learning ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/metabolism ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Signal Transduction
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konev, Alexander Y -- Tribus, Martin -- Park, Sung Yeon -- Podhraski, Valerie -- Lim, Chin Yan -- Emelyanov, Alexander V -- Vershilova, Elena -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kadonaga, James T -- Lusser, Alexandra -- Fyodorov, Dmitry V -- GM58272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM74233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y 275/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Haploidy ; Histone Chaperones ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Muller et al. (Reports, 27 October 2006, p. 654) proposed a role for microtubule nucleation in mitotic checkpoint signaling. However, their observations of spindle defects and mitotic delay after depletion of gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC) components are fully consistent with activation of the established pathway of checkpoint signaling in response to incomplete or unstable interactions between kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes and spindle microtubules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weaver, Beth A A -- Cleveland, Don W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):982; author reply 982.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitosis ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patterson, Paul H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):576-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. php@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cytokines/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Maternal Exposure ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Placenta/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/*etiology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology ; Bone and Bones/*parasitology ; Female ; Male ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Whales/*parasitology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: Structural variation of the genome involves kilobase- to megabase-sized deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions, and complex combinations of rearrangements. We introduce high-throughput and massive paired-end mapping (PEM), a large-scale genome-sequencing method to identify structural variants (SVs) approximately 3 kilobases (kb) or larger that combines the rescue and capture of paired ends of 3-kb fragments, massive 454 sequencing, and a computational approach to map DNA reads onto a reference genome. PEM was used to map SVs in an African and in a putatively European individual and identified shared and divergent SVs relative to the reference genome. Overall, we fine-mapped more than 1000 SVs and documented that the number of SVs among humans is much larger than initially hypothesized; many of the SVs potentially affect gene function. The breakpoint junction sequences of more than 200 SVs were determined with a novel pooling strategy and computational analysis. Our analysis provided insights into the mechanisms of SV formation in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674581/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674581/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korbel, Jan O -- Urban, Alexander Eckehart -- Affourtit, Jason P -- Godwin, Brian -- Grubert, Fabian -- Simons, Jan Fredrik -- Kim, Philip M -- Palejev, Dean -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Du, Lei -- Taillon, Bruce E -- Chen, Zhoutao -- Tanzer, Andrea -- Saunders, A C Eugenia -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Yang, Fengtang -- Carter, Nigel P -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Harkins, Timothy T -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Egholm, Michael -- Snyder, Michael -- 077008/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077014/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- RR19895/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):420-6. Epub 2007 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Gene Fusion ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, William H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):980-1; author reply 980-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17514797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fathers ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Paternal Exposure ; *Sex Ratio ; Testosterone/*metabolism
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Changes in the genes encoding sensory receptor proteins are an essential step in the evolution of new sensory capacities. In primates, trichromatic color vision evolved after changes in X chromosome-linked photopigment genes. To model this process, we studied knock-in mice that expressed a human long-wavelength-sensitive (L) cone photopigment in the form of an X-linked polymorphism. Behavioral tests demonstrated that heterozygous females, whose retinas contained both native mouse pigments and human L pigment, showed enhanced long-wavelength sensitivity and acquired a new capacity for chromatic discrimination. An inherent plasticity in the mammalian visual system thus permits the emergence of a new dimension of sensory experience based solely on gene-driven changes in receptor organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, Gerald H -- Williams, Gary A -- Cahill, Hugh -- Nathans, Jeremy -- EY002052/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1723-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. jacobs@psych.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color Perception/*genetics ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Primates/genetics/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics/*physiology ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitzgerald, Katherine A -- Golenbock, Douglas T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1574-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. kate.fitzgerald@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycolipids/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipid A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Negative associations between birth order and intelligence level have been found in numerous studies. The explanation for this relation is not clear, and several hypotheses have been suggested. One family of hypotheses suggests that the relation is due to more-favorable family interaction and stimulation of low-birth-order children, whereas others claim that the effect is caused by prenatal gestational factors. We show that intelligence quotient (IQ) score levels among nearly 250,000 military conscripts were dependent on social rank in the family and not on birth order as such, providing support for a family interaction explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kristensen, Petter -- Bjerkedal, Tor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. petter.kristensen@stami.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Birth Order ; Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hierarchy, Social ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Military Personnel
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three retrograde signals have been described, but little is known of their signaling pathways. We show here that GUN1, a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide-repeat protein, and ABI4, an Apetala 2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, are common to all three pathways. ABI4 binds the promoter of a retrograde-regulated gene through a conserved motif found in close proximity to a light-regulatory element. We propose a model in which multiple indicators of aberrant plastid function in Arabidopsis are integrated upstream of GUN1 within plastids, which leads to ABI4-mediated repression of nuclear-encoded genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koussevitzky, Shai -- Nott, Ajit -- Mockler, Todd C -- Hong, Fangxin -- Sachetto-Martins, Gilberto -- Surpin, Marci -- Lim, Jason -- Mittler, Ron -- Chory, Joanne -- DRG-1865-05/PHS HHS/ -- F32 GM 18172/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM 69090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):715-9. Epub 2007 Mar 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Electron Transport ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/genetics ; Lincomycin/pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protoporphyrins/metabolism ; Pyridazines/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Hair Color ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Skin Pigmentation
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2007-04-17
    Description: Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 13 cohorts with 38,759 participants. The 16% of adults who are homozygous for the risk allele weighed about 3 kilograms more and had 1.67-fold increased odds of obesity when compared with those not inheriting a risk allele. This association was observed from age 7 years upward and reflects a specific increase in fat mass.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frayling, Timothy M -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Weedon, Michael N -- Zeggini, Eleftheria -- Freathy, Rachel M -- Lindgren, Cecilia M -- Perry, John R B -- Elliott, Katherine S -- Lango, Hana -- Rayner, Nigel W -- Shields, Beverley -- Harries, Lorna W -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Ellard, Sian -- Groves, Christopher J -- Knight, Bridget -- Patch, Ann-Marie -- Ness, Andrew R -- Ebrahim, Shah -- Lawlor, Debbie A -- Ring, Susan M -- Ben-Shlomo, Yoav -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Sovio, Ulla -- Bennett, Amanda J -- Melzer, David -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Loos, Ruth J F -- Barroso, Ines -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Karpe, Fredrik -- Owen, Katharine R -- Cardon, Lon R -- Walker, Mark -- Hitman, Graham A -- Palmer, Colin N A -- Doney, Alex S F -- Morris, Andrew D -- Smith, George Davey -- Hattersley, Andrew T -- McCarthy, Mark I -- 079557/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500070/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600705/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9815508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Z99 AG999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):889-94. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Magdalen Road, Exeter, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Birth Weight ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Great Britain ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*genetics ; Overweight/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: Early specification of endomesodermal territories in the sea urchin embryo depends on a moving torus of regulatory gene expression. We show how this dynamic patterning function is encoded in a gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuit that includes the otx, wnt8, and blimp1 genes, the cis-regulatory control systems of which have all been experimentally defined. A cis-regulatory reconstruction experiment revealed that blimp1 autorepression accounts for progressive extinction of expression in the center of the torus, whereas its outward expansion follows reception of the Wnt8 ligand by adjacent cells. GRN circuitry thus controls not only static spatial assignment in development but also dynamic regulatory patterning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Joel -- Theodoris, Christina -- Davidson, Eric H -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Male ; Sea Urchins/*genetics
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB(1)R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB(1)Rs, identify endocannabinoids as axon guidance cues and demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling regulates synaptogenesis and target selection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berghuis, Paul -- Rajnicek, Ann M -- Morozov, Yury M -- Ross, Ruth A -- Mulder, Jan -- Urban, Gabriella M -- Monory, Krisztina -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Matteoli, Michela -- Canty, Alison -- Irving, Andrew J -- Katona, Istvan -- Yanagawa, Yuchio -- Rakic, Pasko -- Lutz, Beat -- Mackie, Ken -- Harkany, Tibor -- DA00286/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015916/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA11322/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1212-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/ultrastructure ; *Endocannabinoids ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrasonography ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrasonography ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology/ultrasonography ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Research on sexual selection shows that the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males and the distribution of sex differences are more complex than was initially suggested but does not undermine our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms involved. However, the operation of sexual selection in females has still received relatively little attention. Recent studies show that both intrasexual competition between females and male choice of mating partners are common, leading to strong sexual selection in females and, in extreme cases, to reversals in the usual pattern of sex differences in behavior and morphology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1882-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Female ; Fertility ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1360-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; United Nations
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1048-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*adverse effects ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/prevention & control ; Adenoviruses, Human/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiek, Nicole C -- Halpin, Myra J -- Reiter, Jerome P -- Hoeffler, Leanne A -- Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D -- DA10904/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1871-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Chemistry/*education ; *Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacology/*education ; *Schools ; Teaching ; United States
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The SAX-3/roundabout (Robo) receptor has SLT-1/Slit-dependent and -independent functions in guiding cell and axon migrations. We identified enhancer of ventral-axon guidance defects of unc-40 mutants (EVA-1) as a Caenorhabditis elegans transmembrane receptor for SLT-1. EVA-1 has two predicted galactose-binding ectodomains, acts cell-autonomously for SLT-1/Slit-dependent axon migration functions of SAX-3/Robo, binds to SLT-1 and SAX-3, colocalizes with SAX-3 on cells, and provides cell specificity to the activation of SAX-3 signaling by SLT-1. Double mutants of eva-1 or slt-1 with sax-3 mutations suggest that SAX-3 can (when slt-1 or eva-1 function is reduced) inhibit a parallel-acting guidance mechanism, which involves UNC-40/deleted in colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisawa, Kazuko -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Culotti, Joseph G -- NS41397/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1934-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Nervous System/growth & development/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Drosophila male and female germline stem cells (GSCs) are sustained by niches and regulatory pathways whose common principles serve as models for understanding mammalian stem cells. Despite striking cellular and genetic similarities that suggest a common evolutionary origin, however, male and female GSCs also display important differences. Comparing these two stem cells and their niches in detail is likely to reveal how a common heritage has been adapted to the differing requirements of male and female gamete production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, Margaret T -- Spradling, Allan C -- P01DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Male ; Ovary/cytology ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/cytology
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wisse, Brent E -- Kim, Francis -- Schwartz, Michael W -- DK073878/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK12829/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK61384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS3227/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK 068384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK074758/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):928-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; *Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism/secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Leptin/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Obesity/etiology/*metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: The insect order of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, sawflies, and wasps) consists almost entirely of haplodiploid species. Under haplodiploidy, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, whereas females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. Although diploid males commonly occur, haploid females have never been reported. In analyzing the phenomenon of gynandromorphism in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, we found a line that generates complete phenotypic females from unfertilized eggs. These females have ovaries, can lay eggs, and are haploid, as shown by cytological and flow cytometric analyses. The data show that diploidy is not necessary for female development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beukeboom, Leo W -- Kamping, Albert -- Louter, Marina -- Pijnacker, Laas P -- Katju, Vaishali -- Ferree, Patrick M -- Werren, John H -- 5 RO1 GM070026-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Post Office Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. l.w.beukeboom@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Haploidy ; Male ; Oogenesis ; Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Wasps/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Female ; HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Career Mobility ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Data Collection ; *Education, Graduate ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Prejudice ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women, Working
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galizia, C Giovanni -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):326-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany. Galizia@uni-konstanz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; *Learning ; Male ; Odors ; Pheromones/chemistry/pharmacology/*physiology ; Social Behavior
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Although expansion of trinucleotide repeats accounts for over 30 human diseases, mechanisms of repeat instability remain poorly understood. We show that a Drosophila model for the CAG/polyglutamine (polyQ) disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 recapitulates key features of human CAG-repeat instability, including large repeat changes and strong expansion bias. Instability is dramatically enhanced by transcription and modulated by nuclear excision repair and a regulator of DNA repair adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein-a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) whose decreased activity contributes to polyQ disease. Pharmacological treatment to normalize acetylation suppressed instability. Thus, toxic consequences of pathogenic polyQ protein may include enhancing repeat instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jung, Joonil -- Bonini, Nancy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1857-9. Epub 2007 Mar 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphila, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anticipation, Genetic ; CREB-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics ; *Genomic Instability ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Machado-Joseph Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Peptides/chemistry ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/*therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Condoms ; *Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Herpes Genitalis/*drug therapy/virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Virus Shedding/drug effects
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanza, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Cellular Reprogramming/*ethics ; Chimera ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Reproductive Techniques/ethics
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1535.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antirheumatic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects ; Dependovirus/genetics/immunology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors/adverse effects/immunology ; Histoplasmosis/*etiology ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & inhibitors
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Primary pneumonic plague is transmitted easily, progresses rapidly, and causes high mortality, but the mechanisms by which Yersinia pestis overwhelms the lungs are largely unknown. We show that the plasminogen activator Pla is essential for Y. pestis to cause primary pneumonic plague but is less important for dissemination during pneumonic plague than during bubonic plague. Experiments manipulating its temporal expression showed that Pla allows Y. pestis to replicate rapidly in the airways, causing a lethal fulminant pneumonia; if unexpressed, inflammation is aborted, and lung repair is activated. Inhibition of Pla expression prolonged the survival of animals with the disease, offering a therapeutic option to extend the period during which antibiotics are effective.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lathem, Wyndham W -- Price, Paul A -- Miller, Virginia L -- Goldman, William E -- AI53298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK52574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI069688-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NRSA T32 GM07067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):509-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinogen/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Lung/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Plague/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Plasminogen/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Spleen/microbiology ; Tetracyclines/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Yersinia pestis/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Breeding ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prince, Alfred M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Breeding ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Botswana ; Bottle Feeding/*adverse effects ; Breast Feeding/*adverse effects ; Cyclohexanes/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Food Contamination ; HIV Fusion Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Triazoles/therapeutic use
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/*therapy ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Histoplasma ; Histoplasmosis/immunology/mortality ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1164-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Burial/history ; Cities/*history ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Syria ; Violence/history
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Srivastava, Mansi -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Dirks, Bill -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Salamov, Asaf -- Terry, Astrid -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Genikhovich, Grigory -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lucas, Susan M -- Steele, Robert E -- Finnerty, John R -- Technau, Ulrich -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- 5 P41 LM006252-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- THL007279F/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):86-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Adhesion ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multigene Family ; Muscles/physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Sea Anemones/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Child ; Endocrine Disruptors/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Altitude ; Blood Volume ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/blood ; Oxygen/*blood ; Pregnancy/*blood ; *Pregnancy Outcome ; Selection, Genetic ; Survival Analysis ; Tibet
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: During pregnancy, maternal pancreatic islets grow to match dynamic physiological demands, but the mechanisms regulating adaptive islet growth in this setting are poorly understood. Here we show that menin, a protein previously characterized as an endocrine tumor suppressor and transcriptional regulator, controls islet growth in pregnant mice. Pregnancy stimulated proliferation of maternal pancreatic islet beta-cells that was accompanied by reduced islet levels of menin and its targets. Transgenic expression of menin in maternal beta-cells prevented islet expansion and led to hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance, hallmark features of gestational diabetes. Prolactin, a hormonal regulator of pregnancy, repressed islet menin levels and stimulated beta-cell proliferation. These results expand our understanding of mechanisms underlying diabetes pathogenesis and reveal potential targets for therapy in diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karnik, Satyajit K -- Chen, Hainan -- McLean, Graeme W -- Heit, Jeremy J -- Gu, Xueying -- Zhang, Andrew Y -- Fontaine, Magali -- Yen, Michael H -- Kim, Seung K -- T32DK007217-32/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes, Gestational/*etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Obesity/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Breeding ; *Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Memory ; *Models, Animal ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Sex in reptiles is determined by genes on sex chromosomes or by incubation temperature. Previously these two modes were thought to be distinct, yet we show that high incubation temperatures reverse genotypic males (ZZ) to phenotypic females in a lizard with ZZ and ZW sex chromosomes. Thus, the W chromosome is not necessary for female differentiation. Sex determination is probably via a dosage-sensitive male-determining gene on the Z chromosome that is inactivated by extreme temperatures. Our data invite a novel hypothesis for the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and suggest that sex chromosomes may exist in many TSD reptiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quinn, Alexander E -- Georges, Arthur -- Sarre, Stephen D -- Guarino, Fiorenzo -- Ezaz, Tariq -- Graves, Jennifer A Marshall -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. quinn@aerg.canberra.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; *Gene Dosage ; Genotype ; Lizards/embryology/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Temperature
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Sjoblom et al. (Research Article, 13 October 2006, p. 268) reported nearly 200 novel cancer genes said to have a 90% probability of being involved in colon or breast cancer. However, their analysis raises two statistical concerns. When these concerns are addressed, few genes with significantly elevated mutation rates remain. Although the biological methodology in Sjoblom et al. is sound, more samples are needed to achieve sufficient power.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Getz, Gad -- Hofling, Holger -- Mesirov, Jill P -- Golub, Todd R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Tibshirani, Robert -- Lander, Eric S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. gadgetz@broad.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Consensus Sequence ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Probability
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Budgets ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nitriles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Triazoles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1063.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Galago ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Tool Use Behavior
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes, Gestational/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*physiology
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):390; author reply 390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17947563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Glucuronidase/deficiency/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; *Models, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; Vitamin D/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; *Fishes ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Mercury/toxicity ; *Nutrition Policy ; *Pregnancy ; *Seafood ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; United States Public Health Service
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/*analysis ; Arsenic Poisoning/epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Government Programs ; Health Education ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Male ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/poisoning ; *Water Purification/legislation & jurisprudence/methods/standards ; Water Supply/analysis/*standards
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Size ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Skull
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) detect viruses in the acidified endosomes by means of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Yet, pDC responses to certain single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses occur only after live viral infection. We present evidence here that the recognition of such viruses by TLR7 requires transport of cytosolic viral replication intermediates into the lysosome by the process of autophagy. In addition, autophagy was found to be required for the production of interferon-alpha by pDCs. These results support a key role for autophagy in mediating ssRNA virus detection and interferon-alpha secretion by pDCs and suggest that cytosolic replication intermediates of viruses serve as pathogen signatures recognized by TLR7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Heung Kyu -- Lund, Jennifer M -- Ramanathan, Balaji -- Mizushima, Noboru -- Iwasaki, Akiko -- AI054359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI064705/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI07019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1398-401. Epub 2007 Feb 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology/*virology ; Endosomes/immunology/virology ; Female ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-alpha/metabolism ; Interleukin-12/metabolism ; Lysosomes/virology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phagosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; RNA, Viral/*immunology/metabolism ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/*immunology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*immunology/physiology ; Virus Replication
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1341-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; *Computer Simulation ; Female ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mass Behavior ; Social Identification ; *Video Games/psychology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Inflammation is increasingly recognized as an important component of tumorigenesis, although the mechanisms and pathways involved are not well understood. Tumor development is regulated by products of several modifier genes, but instructions for their tumor-specific expression are currently unknown. We show that the signaling through the adaptor protein MyD88 has a critical role in spontaneous tumor development in mice with heterozygous mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We found that MyD88-dependent signaling controls the expression of several key modifier genes of intestinal tumorigenesis and has a critical role in both spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumor development. This study thus reveals the important role of an innate immune signaling pathway in intestinal tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakoff-Nahoum, Seth -- Medzhitov, Ruslan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):124-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, APC ; Immunity, Innate ; Intestinal Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/*physiopathology ; Intestine, Large/pathology ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1826.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aged ; Animals ; Calcinosis/*epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/*epidemiology ; Coronary Vessels/*pathology/physiology ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Female ; Heart/*drug effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; *Fossils ; Georgia (Republic) ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Body Image ; Brain/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; Male ; Perceptual Distortion ; Touch
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1338-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; *Pan paniscus ; *Pan troglodytes
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is a posttranslational modification that is highly correlated with genomic silencing. Here we show that human UTX, a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins, is a di- and trimethyl H3K27 demethylase. UTX occupies the promoters of HOX gene clusters and regulates their transcriptional output by modulating the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 and the monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Moreover, UTX associates with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 2/3 complexes, and during retinoic acid signaling events, the recruitment of the UTX complex to HOX genes results in H3K27 demethylation and a concomitant methylation of H3K4. Our results suggest a concerted mechanism for transcriptional activation in which cycles of H3K4 methylation by MLL2/3 are linked with the demethylation of H3K27 through UTX.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Min Gyu -- Villa, Raffaella -- Trojer, Patrick -- Norman, Jessica -- Yan, Kai-Ping -- Reinberg, Danny -- Di Croce, Luciano -- Shiekhattar, Ramin -- R01CA090758/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):447-50. Epub 2007 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Histone Demethylases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Multigene Family ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1376-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK. caetano@cancer.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology/*virology ; Endosomes/immunology/virology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Viral/*immunology/metabolism ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/*physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*immunology/physiology ; Virus Replication
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranganathan, Rama -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1253-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Green Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism ; Ligands ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reitz, Stuart R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1733-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA. stuart.reitz@ars.usda.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Grid cells in layer II of rat entorhinal cortex fire to spatial locations in a repeating hexagonal grid, with smaller spacing between grid fields for neurons in more dorsal anatomical locations. Data from in vitro whole-cell patch recordings showed differences in frequency of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in entorhinal neurons that correspond to different positions along the dorsal-to-ventral axis, supporting a model of physiological mechanisms for grid cell responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giocomo, Lisa M -- Zilli, Eric A -- Fransen, Erik -- Hasselmo, Michael E -- DA16454/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH60013/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH71702/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH071702/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH071702-01A20004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061492/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061492-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1719-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. giocomo@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Dendrites/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mathematics ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Movement ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Periodicity ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Space Perception ; Time Factors
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Monoallelic expression with random choice between the maternal and paternal alleles defines an unusual class of genes comprising X-inactivated genes and a few autosomal gene families. Using a genome-wide approach, we assessed allele-specific transcription of about 4000 human genes in clonal cell lines and found that more than 300 were subject to random monoallelic expression. For a majority of monoallelic genes, we also observed some clonal lines displaying biallelic expression. Clonal cell lines reflect an independent choice to express the maternal, the paternal, or both alleles for each of these genes. This can lead to differences in expressed protein sequence and to differences in levels of gene expression. Unexpectedly widespread monoallelic expression suggests a mechanism that generates diversity in individual cells and their clonal descendants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gimelbrant, Alexander -- Hutchinson, John N -- Thompson, Benjamin R -- Chess, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1136-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Death-Associated Protein Kinases ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Trans-Activators/genetics
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Leguminous plants (such as peas and soybeans) and rhizobial soil bacteria are symbiotic partners that communicate through molecular signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of nodules on legume roots and occasionally stems that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nodule formation has been assumed to be exclusively initiated by the binding of bacterial, host-specific lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors, encoded by the nodABC genes, to kinase-like receptors of the plant. Here we show by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes. Mutational analyses indicated that these unique rhizobia use an alternative pathway to initiate symbioses, where a purine derivative may play a key role in triggering nodule formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giraud, Eric -- Moulin, Lionel -- Vallenet, David -- Barbe, Valerie -- Cytryn, Eddie -- Avarre, Jean-Christophe -- Jaubert, Marianne -- Simon, Damien -- Cartieaux, Fabienne -- Prin, Yves -- Bena, Gilles -- Hannibal, Laure -- Fardoux, Joel -- Kojadinovic, Mila -- Vuillet, Laurie -- Lajus, Aurelie -- Cruveiller, Stephane -- Rouy, Zoe -- Mangenot, Sophie -- Segurens, Beatrice -- Dossat, Carole -- Franck, William L -- Chang, Woo-Suk -- Saunders, Elizabeth -- Bruce, David -- Richardson, Paul -- Normand, Philippe -- Dreyfus, Bernard -- Pignol, David -- Stacey, Gary -- Emerich, David -- Vermeglio, Andre -- Medigue, Claudine -- Sadowsky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1307-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Centre de Cooperation International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite Montpellier 2, France. giraud@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bradyrhizobium/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Cytokinins/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Stems/*microbiology ; Purines/biosynthesis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Production of type I interferon (IFN-I) is a critical host defense triggered by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA), an ovarian tumor domain-containing deubiquitinating enzyme, was discovered in a small interfering RNA-based screen as a regulator of IFN-I production. Reduction of DUBA augmented the PRR-induced IFN-I response, whereas ectopic expression of DUBA had the converse effect. DUBA bound tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an adaptor protein essential for the IFN-I response. TRAF3 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that preferentially assembled lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains. DUBA selectively cleaved the lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains on TRAF3, resulting in its dissociation from the downstream signaling complex containing TANK-binding kinase 1. A discrete ubiquitin interaction motif within DUBA was required for efficient deubiquitination of TRAF3 and optimal suppression of IFN-I. Our data identify DUBA as a negative regulator of innate immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayagaki, Nobuhiko -- Phung, Qui -- Chan, Salina -- Chaudhari, Ruchir -- Quan, Casey -- O'Rourke, Karen M -- Eby, Michael -- Pietras, Eric -- Cheng, Genhong -- Bazan, J Fernando -- Zhang, Zemin -- Arnott, David -- Dixit, Vishva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1628-32. Epub 2007 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interferon-alpha/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body experiences, leading to a striking disturbance of bodily self-consciousness. On the basis of these clinical data, we designed an experiment that uses conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality to disrupt the spatial unity between the self and the body. We found that during multisensory conflict, participants felt as if a virtual body seen in front of them was their own body and mislocalized themselves toward the virtual body, to a position outside their bodily borders. Our results indicate that spatial unity and bodily self-consciousness can be studied experimentally and are based on multisensory and cognitive processing of bodily information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lenggenhager, Bigna -- Tadi, Tej -- Metzinger, Thomas -- Blanke, Olaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1096-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Body Image ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; Male ; Perceptual Distortion ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Touch
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Targeted therapies that inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway have shown promising anticancer activity, but their efficacy in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other solid tumors has been modest. We hypothesized that multiple RTKs are coactivated in these tumors and that redundant inputs drive and maintain downstream signaling, thereby limiting the efficacy of therapies targeting single RTKs. Tumor cell lines, xenotransplants, and primary tumors indeed show multiple concomitantly activated RTKs. Combinations of RTK inhibitors and/or RNA interference, but not single agents, decreased signaling, cell survival, and anchorage-independent growth even in glioma cells deficient in PTEN, a frequently inactivated inhibitor of PI3K. Thus, effective GBM therapy may require combined regimens targeting multiple RTKs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stommel, Jayne M -- Kimmelman, Alec C -- Ying, Haoqiang -- Nabioullin, Roustem -- Ponugoti, Aditya H -- Wiedemeyer, Ruprecht -- Stegh, Alexander H -- Bradner, James E -- Ligon, Keith L -- Brennan, Cameron -- Chin, Lynda -- DePinho, Ronald A -- 5P01CA95616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA99041/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):287-90. Epub 2007 Sep 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*enzymology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Enzyme Activation ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/*enzymology ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; Quinazolines/pharmacology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/genetics ; Device Approval ; Female ; Genetic Testing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):592-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa/epidemiology ; *African Americans/genetics/statistics & numerical data ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*ethnology/genetics/mortality/physiopathology ; DNA Methylation ; Environment ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Rats ; Social Isolation ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: By screening N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized animals for alterations in rhythms of wheel-running activity, we identified a mouse mutation, after hours (Afh). The mutation, a Cys(358)Ser substitution in Fbxl3, an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats, results in long free-running rhythms of about 27 hours in homozygotes. Circadian transcriptional and translational oscillations are attenuated in Afh mice. The Afh allele significantly affected Per2 expression and delayed the rate of Cry protein degradation in Per2::Luciferase tissue slices. Our in vivo and in vitro studies reveal a central role for Fbxl3 in mammalian circadian timekeeping.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godinho, Sofia I H -- Maywood, Elizabeth S -- Shaw, Linda -- Tucci, Valter -- Barnard, Alun R -- Busino, Luca -- Pagano, Michele -- Kendall, Rachel -- Quwailid, Mohamed M -- Romero, M Rosario -- O'neill, John -- Chesham, Johanna E -- Brooker, Debra -- Lalanne, Zuzanna -- Hastings, Michael H -- Nolan, Patrick M -- MC_U105170643/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U142684172/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U142684173/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U142684175/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):897-900. Epub 2007 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; CLOCK Proteins ; COS Cells ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cryptochromes ; F-Box Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Flavoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Liver/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; *Point Mutation ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: The "segmentation clock" is thought to coordinate sequential segmentation of the body axis in vertebrate embryos. This clock comprises a multicellular genetic network of synchronized oscillators, coupled by intercellular Delta-Notch signaling. How this synchrony is established and how its loss determines the position of segmentation defects in Delta and Notch mutants are unknown. We analyzed the clock's synchrony dynamics by varying strength and timing of Notch coupling in zebra-fish embryos with techniques for quantitative perturbation of gene function. We developed a physical theory based on coupled phase oscillators explaining the observed onset and rescue of segmentation defects, the clock's robustness against developmental noise, and a critical point beyond which synchrony decays. We conclude that synchrony among these genetic oscillators can be established by simultaneous initiation and self-organization and that the segmentation defect position is determined by the difference between coupling strength and noise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riedel-Kruse, Ingmar H -- Muller, Claudia -- Oates, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1911-5. Epub 2007 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ingmar@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/*genetics/physiology ; *Body Patterning/genetics ; Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; *Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mathematics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mesoderm/physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA Stability ; Receptor, Notch1/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Somites/physiology ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid-based DSB repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strom, Lena -- Karlsson, Charlotte -- Lindroos, Hanna Betts -- Wedahl, Sara -- Katou, Yuki -- Shirahige, Katsuhiko -- Sjogren, Camilla -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):242-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Chromatids/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; G2 Phase ; Genome, Fungal ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174918/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174918/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, Adele -- Barnett, W Steven -- Thomas, Jessica -- Munro, Sarah -- R01 DA019685/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019685-16A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA19685/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1387-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. adele.diamond@ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; *Curriculum ; *Early Intervention (Education) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; *Schools, Nursery
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Transection of the direct cortico-motoneuronal pathway at the mid-cervical segment of the spinal cord in the macaque monkey results in a transient impairment of finger movements. Finger dexterity recovers within a few months. Combined brain imaging and reversible pharmacological inactivation of motor cortical regions suggest that the recovery involves the bilateral primary motor cortex during the early recovery stage and more extensive regions of the contralesional primary motor cortex and bilateral premotor cortex during the late recovery stage. These changes in the activation pattern of frontal motor-related areas represent an adaptive strategy for functional compensation after spinal cord injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishimura, Yukio -- Onoe, Hirotaka -- Morichika, Yosuke -- Perfiliev, Sergei -- Tsukada, Hideo -- Isa, Tadashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1150-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Fingers/*physiopathology ; GABA Agonists ; Learning ; Macaca ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; *Motor Skills ; Muscimol ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; *Recovery of Function ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*physiopathology/rehabilitation ; Time Factors
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillin, Andrew -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):461-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dillin@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transfection ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: Herbert et al. (Reports, 14 April 2006, p. 279) reported an association between the INSIG2 gene variant rs7566605 and obesity in four sample populations, under a recessive model. We attempted to replicate this result in 10,265 Caucasian individuals, combining family-based, case-control, and general population studies, but found no support for a major role of this variant in obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dina, Christian -- Meyre, David -- Samson, Chantal -- Tichet, Jean -- Marre, Michel -- Jouret, Beatrice -- Charles, Marie Aline -- Balkau, Beverley -- Froguel, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):187; author reply 187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France. dina@good.ibl.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Family ; Female ; France ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Obesity/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Muller et al. (Reports, 27 October 2006, p. 654) showed that inhibition of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC) activates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which led them to suggest that gamma-TuRC proteins play molecular roles in SAC activation. Because gamma-TuRC inhibition leads to pleiotropic spindle defects, which are well known to activate kinetochore-derived checkpoint signaling, we believe that this conclusion is premature.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590763/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590763/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Stephen S -- Hardwick, Kevin G -- Sawin, Kenneth E -- Biggins, Sue -- Piatti, Simonetta -- Khodjakov, Alexey -- Rieder, Conly L -- Salmon, Edward D -- Musacchio, Andrea -- R01 GM059363/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059363-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM040198/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM040198-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):982; author reply 982.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. stephen.taylor@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrosome/physiology ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitosis ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: IKKepsilon is an IKK (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBkinase)-related kinase implicated in virus induction of interferon-beta (IFNbeta). We report that, although mice lacking IKKepsilon produce normal amounts of IFNbeta, they are hypersusceptible to viral infection because of a defect in the IFN signaling pathway. Specifically, a subset of type I IFN-stimulated genes are not activated in the absence of IKKepsilon because the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 complex (ISGF3) does not bind to promoter elements of the affected genes. We demonstrate that IKKepsilon is activated by IFNbeta and that IKKepsilon directly phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), a component of ISGF3. We conclude that IKKepsilon plays a critical role in the IFN-inducible antiviral transcriptional response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tenoever, Benjamin R -- Ng, Sze-Ling -- Chua, Mark A -- McWhirter, Sarah M -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Maniatis, Tom -- F31 AI056678/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI46954/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1274-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; I-kappa B Kinase/genetics/*metabolism ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology/physiology ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3/metabolism ; Interferon-beta/*immunology/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology/metabolism/pathology/virology ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; STAT2 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: A number of brain systems have been implicated in addictive behavior, but none have yet been shown to be necessary for maintaining the addiction to cigarette smoking. We found that smokers with brain damage involving the insula, a region implicated in conscious urges, were more likely than smokers with brain damage not involving the insula to undergo a disruption of smoking addiction, characterized by the ability to quit smoking easily, immediately, without relapse, and without persistence of the urge to smoke. This result suggests that the insula is a critical neural substrate in the addiction to smoking.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3698854/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3698854/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naqvi, Nasir H -- Rudrauf, David -- Damasio, Hanna -- Bechara, Antoine -- F30 DA016847/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS019632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA016708/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA16708/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):531-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Brain Damage, Chronic/pathology/*physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; *Smoking Cessation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*physiopathology/psychology/therapy
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: The hippocampus is one of several brain areas thought to play a central role in affective behaviors, but the underlying local network dynamics are not understood. We used quantitative voltage-sensitive dye imaging to probe hippocampal dynamics with millisecond resolution in brain slices after bidirectional modulation of affective state in rat models of depression. We found that a simple measure of real-time activity-stimulus-evoked percolation of activity through the dentate gyrus relative to the hippocampal output subfield-accounted for induced changes in animal behavior independent of the underlying mechanism of action of the treatments. Our results define a circuit-level neurophysiological endophenotype for affective behavior and suggest an approach to understanding circuit-level substrates underlying psychiatric disease symptoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Airan, Raag D -- Meltzer, Leslie A -- Roy, Madhuri -- Gong, Yuqing -- Chen, Han -- Deisseroth, Karl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):819-23. Epub 2007 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dentate Gyrus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder/pathology/*physiopathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Imipramine/pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Nerve Net/*physiopathology ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common liver cancer, occurs mainly in men. Similar gender disparity is seen in mice given a chemical carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN). DEN administration caused greater increases in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in males than it did in females. Furthermore, ablation of IL-6 abolished the gender differences in hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. DEN exposure promoted production of IL-6 in Kupffer cells (KCs) in a manner dependent on the Toll-like receptor adaptor protein MyD88, ablation of which also protected male mice from DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Estrogen inhibited secretion of IL-6 from KCs exposed to necrotic hepatocytes and reduced circulating concentrations of IL-6 in DEN-treated male mice. We propose that estrogen-mediated inhibition of IL-6 production by KCs reduces liver cancer risk in females, and these findings may be used to prevent HCC in males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naugler, Willscott E -- Sakurai, Toshiharu -- Kim, Sunhwa -- Maeda, Shin -- Kim, Kyounghyun -- Elsharkawy, Ahmed M -- Karin, Michael -- CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK007202/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- ES004151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES006376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA121938/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):121-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 93093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride/administration & dosage ; Diethylnitrosamine/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; Interleukin-6/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Kupffer Cells/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/immunology/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*physiology ; Necrosis ; Ovariectomy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: Rett syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder caused by mosaic expression of mutant copies of the X-linked MECP2 gene in neurons. However, neurons do not die, which suggests that this is not a neurodegenerative disorder. An important question for future therapeutic approaches to this and related disorders concerns phenotypic reversibility. Can viable but defective neurons be repaired, or is the damage done during development without normal MeCP2 irrevocable? Using a mouse model, we demonstrate robust phenotypic reversal, as activation of MeCP2 expression leads to striking loss of advanced neurological symptoms in both immature and mature adult animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guy, Jacky -- Gan, Jian -- Selfridge, Jim -- Cobb, Stuart -- Bird, Adrian -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1143-7. Epub 2007 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Chimera ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Rett Syndrome/*genetics/physiopathology/*therapy ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyerly, Anne Drapkin -- Faden, Ruth R -- K01 HL79517-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):46-7. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. lyerl003@mc.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cryopreservation ; *Directed Tissue Donation ; *Embryo Disposition ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Civil societies function because people pay taxes and make charitable contributions to provide public goods. One possible motive for charitable contributions, called "pure altruism," is satisfied by increases in the public good no matter the source or intent. Another possible motive, "warm glow," is only fulfilled by an individual's own voluntary donations. Consistent with pure altruism, we find that even mandatory, tax-like transfers to a charity elicit neural activity in areas linked to reward processing. Moreover, neural responses to the charity's financial gains predict voluntary giving. However, consistent with warm glow, neural activity further increases when people make transfers voluntarily. Both pure altruism and warm-glow motives appear to determine the hedonic consequences of financial transfers to the public good.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harbaugh, William T -- Mayr, Ulrich -- Burghart, Daniel R -- R01 AG1929601A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1285, USA. harbaugh@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; *Charities ; Choice Behavior ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; *Gift Giving ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Motivation ; Personal Satisfaction ; Reward ; *Taxes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Changes in the concentration of oxidants in cells can regulate biochemical signaling mechanisms that control cell function. We have found that guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) functions directly as a redox sensor. The Ialpha isoform, PKGIalpha, formed an interprotein disulfide linking its two subunits in cells exposed to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation directly activated the kinase in vitro, and in rat cells and tissues. The affinity of the kinase for substrates it phosphorylates was enhanced by disulfide formation. This oxidation-induced activation represents an alternate mechanism for regulation along with the classical activation involving nitric oxide and cGMP. This mechanism underlies cGMP-independent vasorelaxation in response to oxidants in the cardiovascular system and provides a molecular explantion for how hydrogen peroxide can operate as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgoyne, Joseph R -- Madhani, Melanie -- Cuello, Friederike -- Charles, Rebecca L -- Brennan, Jonathan P -- Schroder, Ewald -- Browning, Darren D -- Eaton, Philip -- G0700320/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1393-7. Epub 2007 Aug 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cysteine/*metabolism ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidants/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Transfection ; Vasodilation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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