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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Although cancer classification has improved over the past 30 years, there has been no general approach for identifying new cancer classes (class discovery) or for assigning tumors to known classes (class prediction). Here, a generic approach to cancer classification based on gene expression monitoring by DNA microarrays is described and applied to human acute leukemias as a test case. A class discovery procedure automatically discovered the distinction between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) without previous knowledge of these classes. An automatically derived class predictor was able to determine the class of new leukemia cases. The results demonstrate the feasibility of cancer classification based solely on gene expression monitoring and suggest a general strategy for discovering and predicting cancer classes for other types of cancer, independent of previous biological knowledge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golub, T R -- Slonim, D K -- Tamayo, P -- Huard, C -- Gaasenbeek, M -- Mesirov, J P -- Coller, H -- Loh, M L -- Downing, J R -- Caligiuri, M A -- Bloomfield, C D -- Lander, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):531-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. golub@genome.wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/*classification/drug therapy/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasms/classification/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oncogenes ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*classification/drug ; therapy/*genetics ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Treatment Outcome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across several cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-kappaBeta pathway. We show that cancer cells containing amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend on the expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in several cancer types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beroukhim, Rameen -- Mermel, Craig H -- Porter, Dale -- Wei, Guo -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Donovan, Jerry -- Barretina, Jordi -- Boehm, Jesse S -- Dobson, Jennifer -- Urashima, Mitsuyoshi -- Mc Henry, Kevin T -- Pinchback, Reid M -- Ligon, Azra H -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- Haery, Leila -- Greulich, Heidi -- Reich, Michael -- Winckler, Wendy -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Weir, Barbara A -- Tanaka, Kumiko E -- Chiang, Derek Y -- Bass, Adam J -- Loo, Alice -- Hoffman, Carter -- Prensner, John -- Liefeld, Ted -- Gao, Qing -- Yecies, Derek -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Maher, Elizabeth -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Tepper, Joel E -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- Tabernero, Josep -- Baselga, Jose -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Rubin, Mark A -- Janne, Pasi A -- Daly, Mark J -- Nucera, Carmelo -- Levine, Ross L -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rustgi, Anil K -- Antonescu, Cristina R -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Letai, Anthony -- Garraway, Levi A -- Loda, Massimo -- Beer, David G -- True, Lawrence D -- Okamoto, Aikou -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Singer, Samuel -- Golub, Todd R -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Sellers, William R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- K08 AR055688/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA134931/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA 098101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA085859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA90578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):899-905. doi: 10.1038/nature08822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Program and Medical and Population Genetics Group, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Gene Amplification/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: Somatic chromosomal deletions in cancer are thought to indicate the location of tumour suppressor genes, by which a complete loss of gene function occurs through biallelic deletion, point mutation or epigenetic silencing, thus fulfilling Knudson's two-hit hypothesis. In many recurrent deletions, however, such biallelic inactivation has not been found. One prominent example is the 5q- syndrome, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by a defect in erythroid differentiation. Here we describe an RNA-mediated interference (RNAi)-based approach to discovery of the 5q- disease gene. We found that partial loss of function of the ribosomal subunit protein RPS14 phenocopies the disease in normal haematopoietic progenitor cells, and also that forced expression of RPS14 rescues the disease phenotype in patient-derived bone marrow cells. In addition, we identified a block in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in RPS14-deficient cells that is functionally equivalent to the defect in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, linking the molecular pathophysiology of the 5q- syndrome to a congenital syndrome causing bone marrow failure. These results indicate that the 5q- syndrome is caused by a defect in ribosomal protein function and suggest that RNAi screening is an effective strategy for identifying causal haploinsufficiency disease genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771855/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771855/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Benjamin L -- Pretz, Jennifer -- Bosco, Jocelyn -- Chang, Cindy Y -- Tamayo, Pablo -- Galili, Naomi -- Raza, Azra -- Root, David E -- Attar, Eyal -- Ellis, Steven R -- Golub, Todd R -- R01 HL082945/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):335-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/genetics/physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/*genetics ; Erythroid Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Genetic Linkage/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Phenotype ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Syndrome
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Sjoblom et al. (Research Article, 13 October 2006, p. 268) reported nearly 200 novel cancer genes said to have a 90% probability of being involved in colon or breast cancer. However, their analysis raises two statistical concerns. When these concerns are addressed, few genes with significantly elevated mutation rates remain. Although the biological methodology in Sjoblom et al. is sound, more samples are needed to achieve sufficient power.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Getz, Gad -- Hofling, Holger -- Mesirov, Jill P -- Golub, Todd R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Tibshirani, Robert -- Lander, Eric S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. gadgetz@broad.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Consensus Sequence ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Probability
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-09-30
    Description: To pursue a systematic approach to the discovery of functional connections among diseases, genetic perturbation, and drug action, we have created the first installment of a reference collection of gene-expression profiles from cultured human cells treated with bioactive small molecules, together with pattern-matching software to mine these data. We demonstrate that this "Connectivity Map" resource can be used to find connections among small molecules sharing a mechanism of action, chemicals and physiological processes, and diseases and drugs. These results indicate the feasibility of the approach and suggest the value of a large-scale community Connectivity Map project.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamb, Justin -- Crawford, Emily D -- Peck, David -- Modell, Joshua W -- Blat, Irene C -- Wrobel, Matthew J -- Lerner, Jim -- Brunet, Jean-Philippe -- Subramanian, Aravind -- Ross, Kenneth N -- Reich, Michael -- Hieronymus, Haley -- Wei, Guo -- Armstrong, Scott A -- Haggarty, Stephen J -- Clemons, Paul A -- Wei, Ru -- Carr, Steven A -- Lander, Eric S -- Golub, Todd R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1929-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. justin@broad.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Databases, Factual ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Gene Expression/*drug effects ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Limonins/pharmacology ; Obesity/genetics/physiopathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenothiazines/pharmacology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug ; therapy/genetics/physiopathology ; Sirolimus/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with an estimated 1.38 million new cases and 458,000 deaths in 2008 alone. This malignancy represents a heterogeneous group of tumours with characteristic molecular features, prognosis and responses to available therapy. Recurrent somatic alterations in breast cancer have been described, including mutations and copy number alterations, notably ERBB2 amplifications, the first successful therapy target defined by a genomic aberration. Previous DNA sequencing studies of breast cancer genomes have revealed additional candidate mutations and gene rearrangements. Here we report the whole-exome sequences of DNA from 103 human breast cancers of diverse subtypes from patients in Mexico and Vietnam compared to matched-normal DNA, together with whole-genome sequences of 22 breast cancer/normal pairs. Beyond confirming recurrent somatic mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, GATA3 and MAP3K1, we discovered recurrent mutations in the CBFB transcription factor gene and deletions of its partner RUNX1. Furthermore, we have identified a recurrent MAGI3-AKT3 fusion enriched in triple-negative breast cancer lacking oestrogen and progesterone receptors and ERBB2 expression. The MAGI3-AKT3 fusion leads to constitutive activation of AKT kinase, which is abolished by treatment with an ATP-competitive AKT small-molecule inhibitor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banerji, Shantanu -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Rangel-Escareno, Claudia -- Brown, Kristin K -- Carter, Scott L -- Frederick, Abbie M -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Zou, Lihua -- Cortes, Maria L -- Fernandez-Lopez, Juan C -- Peng, Shouyong -- Ardlie, Kristin G -- Auclair, Daniel -- Bautista-Pina, Veronica -- Duke, Fujiko -- Francis, Joshua -- Jung, Joonil -- Maffuz-Aziz, Antonio -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Parkin, Melissa -- Pho, Nam H -- Quintanar-Jurado, Valeria -- Ramos, Alex H -- Rebollar-Vega, Rosa -- Rodriguez-Cuevas, Sergio -- Romero-Cordoba, Sandra L -- Schumacher, Steven E -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Thompson, Kristin M -- Uribe-Figueroa, Laura -- Baselga, Jose -- Beroukhim, Rameen -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Sgroi, Dennis C -- Richardson, Andrea L -- Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo -- Lander, Eric S -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Garraway, Levi A -- Golub, Todd R -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Toker, Alex -- Getz, Gad -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Meyerson, Matthew -- CA089393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 20;486(7403):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/pathology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Fusion/genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mexico ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics ; Vietnam
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-06-19
    Description: Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched tumour-normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events. We show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumour-normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which sheds light on mutational processes and disease aetiology, and in mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and enable the identification of genes truly associated with cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919509/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919509/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Michael S -- Stojanov, Petar -- Polak, Paz -- Kryukov, Gregory V -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Carter, Scott L -- Stewart, Chip -- Mermel, Craig H -- Roberts, Steven A -- Kiezun, Adam -- Hammerman, Peter S -- McKenna, Aaron -- Drier, Yotam -- Zou, Lihua -- Ramos, Alex H -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Helman, Elena -- Kim, Jaegil -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Nickerson, Elizabeth -- Shefler, Erica -- Cortes, Maria L -- Auclair, Daniel -- Saksena, Gordon -- Voet, Douglas -- Noble, Michael -- DiCara, Daniel -- Lin, Pei -- Lichtenstein, Lee -- Heiman, David I -- Fennell, Timothy -- Imielinski, Marcin -- Hernandez, Bryan -- Hodis, Eran -- Baca, Sylvan -- Dulak, Austin M -- Lohr, Jens -- Landau, Dan-Avi -- Wu, Catherine J -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Koren, Amnon -- McCarroll, Steven A -- Mora, Jaume -- Lee, Ryan S -- Crompton, Brian -- Onofrio, Robert -- Parkin, Melissa -- Winckler, Wendy -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Roberts, Charles W M -- Biegel, Jaclyn A -- Stegmaier, Kimberly -- Bass, Adam J -- Garraway, Levi A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Golub, Todd R -- Gordenin, Dmitry A -- Sunyaev, Shamil -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- ES065073/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):214-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12213. Epub 2013 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23770567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artifacts ; DNA Replication Timing ; Exome/genetics ; False Positive Reactions ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sample Size
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here we report the massively parallel sequencing of 38 tumour genomes and their comparison to matched normal DNAs. Several new and unexpected oncogenic mechanisms were suggested by the pattern of somatic mutation across the data set. These include the mutation of genes involved in protein translation (seen in nearly half of the patients), genes involved in histone methylation, and genes involved in blood coagulation. In addition, a broader than anticipated role of NF-kappaB signalling was indicated by mutations in 11 members of the NF-kappaB pathway. Of potential immediate clinical relevance, activating mutations of the kinase BRAF were observed in 4% of patients, suggesting the evaluation of BRAF inhibitors in multiple myeloma clinical trials. These results indicate that cancer genome sequencing of large collections of samples will yield new insights into cancer not anticipated by existing knowledge.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Michael A -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Keats, Jonathan J -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Schinzel, Anna C -- Harview, Christina L -- Brunet, Jean-Philippe -- Ahmann, Gregory J -- Adli, Mazhar -- Anderson, Kenneth C -- Ardlie, Kristin G -- Auclair, Daniel -- Baker, Angela -- Bergsagel, P Leif -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Drier, Yotam -- Fonseca, Rafael -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Hofmeister, Craig C -- Jagannath, Sundar -- Jakubowiak, Andrzej J -- Krishnan, Amrita -- Levy, Joan -- Liefeld, Ted -- Lonial, Sagar -- Mahan, Scott -- Mfuko, Bunmi -- Monti, Stefano -- Perkins, Louise M -- Onofrio, Robb -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Rajkumar, S Vincent -- Ramos, Alex H -- Siegel, David S -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Stewart, A Keith -- Trudel, Suzanne -- Vij, Ravi -- Voet, Douglas -- Winckler, Wendy -- Zimmerman, Todd -- Carpten, John -- Trent, Jeff -- Hahn, William C -- Garraway, Levi A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Golub, Todd R -- K12 CA133250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020686/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020686-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133115/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133115-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133966/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133966-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):467-72. doi: 10.1038/nature09837.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02412, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Blood Coagulation/genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Histones/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; Ribonucleases/chemistry/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. However, the full range of prostate cancer genomic alterations is incompletely characterized. Here we present the complete sequence of seven primary human prostate cancers and their paired normal counterparts. Several tumours contained complex chains of balanced (that is, 'copy-neutral') rearrangements that occurred within or adjacent to known cancer genes. Rearrangement breakpoints were enriched near open chromatin, androgen receptor and ERG DNA binding sites in the setting of the ETS gene fusion TMPRSS2-ERG, but inversely correlated with these regions in tumours lacking ETS fusions. This observation suggests a link between chromatin or transcriptional regulation and the genesis of genomic aberrations. Three tumours contained rearrangements that disrupted CADM2, and four harboured events disrupting either PTEN (unbalanced events), a prostate tumour suppressor, or MAGI2 (balanced events), a PTEN interacting protein not previously implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. Thus, genomic rearrangements may arise from transcriptional or chromatin aberrancies and engage prostate tumorigenic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075885/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075885/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Michael F -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Drier, Yotam -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Sboner, Andrea -- Esgueva, Raquel -- Pflueger, Dorothee -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Onofrio, Robert -- Carter, Scott L -- Park, Kyung -- Habegger, Lukas -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Fennell, Timothy -- Parkin, Melissa -- Saksena, Gordon -- Voet, Douglas -- Ramos, Alex H -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Wilkinson, Jane -- Fisher, Sheila -- Winckler, Wendy -- Mahan, Scott -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Simons, Jonathan W -- Kitabayashi, Naoki -- MacDonald, Theresa Y -- Kantoff, Philip W -- Chin, Lynda -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Golub, Todd R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Tewari, Ashutosh -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Rubin, Mark A -- Garraway, Levi A -- 2 P50 CA090381-11/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):214-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: The systematic translation of cancer genomic data into knowledge of tumour biology and therapeutic possibilities remains challenging. Such efforts should be greatly aided by robust preclinical model systems that reflect the genomic diversity of human cancers and for which detailed genetic and pharmacological annotation is available. Here we describe the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE): a compilation of gene expression, chromosomal copy number and massively parallel sequencing data from 947 human cancer cell lines. When coupled with pharmacological profiles for 24 anticancer drugs across 479 of the cell lines, this collection allowed identification of genetic, lineage, and gene-expression-based predictors of drug sensitivity. In addition to known predictors, we found that plasma cell lineage correlated with sensitivity to IGF1 receptor inhibitors; AHR expression was associated with MEK inhibitor efficacy in NRAS-mutant lines; and SLFN11 expression predicted sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors. Together, our results indicate that large, annotated cell-line collections may help to enable preclinical stratification schemata for anticancer agents. The generation of genetic predictions of drug response in the preclinical setting and their incorporation into cancer clinical trial design could speed the emergence of 'personalized' therapeutic regimens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320027/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320027/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barretina, Jordi -- Caponigro, Giordano -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Venkatesan, Kavitha -- Margolin, Adam A -- Kim, Sungjoon -- Wilson, Christopher J -- Lehar, Joseph -- Kryukov, Gregory V -- Sonkin, Dmitriy -- Reddy, Anupama -- Liu, Manway -- Murray, Lauren -- Berger, Michael F -- Monahan, John E -- Morais, Paula -- Meltzer, Jodi -- Korejwa, Adam -- Jane-Valbuena, Judit -- Mapa, Felipa A -- Thibault, Joseph -- Bric-Furlong, Eva -- Raman, Pichai -- Shipway, Aaron -- Engels, Ingo H -- Cheng, Jill -- Yu, Guoying K -- Yu, Jianjun -- Aspesi, Peter Jr -- de Silva, Melanie -- Jagtap, Kalpana -- Jones, Michael D -- Wang, Li -- Hatton, Charles -- Palescandolo, Emanuele -- Gupta, Supriya -- Mahan, Scott -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Liefeld, Ted -- MacConaill, Laura -- Winckler, Wendy -- Reich, Michael -- Li, Nanxin -- Mesirov, Jill P -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Getz, Gad -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Chan, Vivien -- Myer, Vic E -- Weber, Barbara L -- Porter, Jeff -- Warmuth, Markus -- Finan, Peter -- Harris, Jennifer L -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Golub, Todd R -- Morrissey, Michael P -- Sellers, William R -- Schlegel, Robert -- Garraway, Levi A -- DP2 OD002750/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA155554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA155554-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 28;483(7391):603-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22460905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Lineage ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; *Databases, Factual ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/*methods ; *Encyclopedias as Topic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, ras/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Pharmacogenetics ; Plasma Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Precision Medicine/methods ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Topoisomerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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