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  • 1
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    The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across several cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-kappaBeta pathway. We show that cancer cells containing amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend on the expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in several cancer types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beroukhim, Rameen -- Mermel, Craig H -- Porter, Dale -- Wei, Guo -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Donovan, Jerry -- Barretina, Jordi -- Boehm, Jesse S -- Dobson, Jennifer -- Urashima, Mitsuyoshi -- Mc Henry, Kevin T -- Pinchback, Reid M -- Ligon, Azra H -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- Haery, Leila -- Greulich, Heidi -- Reich, Michael -- Winckler, Wendy -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Weir, Barbara A -- Tanaka, Kumiko E -- Chiang, Derek Y -- Bass, Adam J -- Loo, Alice -- Hoffman, Carter -- Prensner, John -- Liefeld, Ted -- Gao, Qing -- Yecies, Derek -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Maher, Elizabeth -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Tepper, Joel E -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- Tabernero, Josep -- Baselga, Jose -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Rubin, Mark A -- Janne, Pasi A -- Daly, Mark J -- Nucera, Carmelo -- Levine, Ross L -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rustgi, Anil K -- Antonescu, Cristina R -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Letai, Anthony -- Garraway, Levi A -- Loda, Massimo -- Beer, David G -- True, Lawrence D -- Okamoto, Aikou -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Singer, Samuel -- Golub, Todd R -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Sellers, William R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- K08 AR055688/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA134931/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA 098101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA085859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA90578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):899-905. doi: 10.1038/nature08822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Program and Medical and Population Genetics Group, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Gene Amplification/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    The genomic complexity of primary human prostate cancer (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. However, the full range of prostate cancer genomic alterations is incompletely characterized. Here we present the complete sequence of seven primary human prostate cancers and their paired normal counterparts. Several tumours contained complex chains of balanced (that is, 'copy-neutral') rearrangements that occurred within or adjacent to known cancer genes. Rearrangement breakpoints were enriched near open chromatin, androgen receptor and ERG DNA binding sites in the setting of the ETS gene fusion TMPRSS2-ERG, but inversely correlated with these regions in tumours lacking ETS fusions. This observation suggests a link between chromatin or transcriptional regulation and the genesis of genomic aberrations. Three tumours contained rearrangements that disrupted CADM2, and four harboured events disrupting either PTEN (unbalanced events), a prostate tumour suppressor, or MAGI2 (balanced events), a PTEN interacting protein not previously implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. Thus, genomic rearrangements may arise from transcriptional or chromatin aberrancies and engage prostate tumorigenic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075885/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075885/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Michael F -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Drier, Yotam -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Sboner, Andrea -- Esgueva, Raquel -- Pflueger, Dorothee -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Onofrio, Robert -- Carter, Scott L -- Park, Kyung -- Habegger, Lukas -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Fennell, Timothy -- Parkin, Melissa -- Saksena, Gordon -- Voet, Douglas -- Ramos, Alex H -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Wilkinson, Jane -- Fisher, Sheila -- Winckler, Wendy -- Mahan, Scott -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Simons, Jonathan W -- Kitabayashi, Naoki -- MacDonald, Theresa Y -- Kantoff, Philip W -- Chin, Lynda -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Golub, Todd R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Tewari, Ashutosh -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Rubin, Mark A -- Garraway, Levi A -- 2 P50 CA090381-11/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA126674-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):214-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Based Alloy: a-Si〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉C〈sub〉x〈/sub〉:H (1995)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 44-46 (July 1995), p. 385-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/25/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.44-46.385.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties of hydrogenated amorphous gallium arsenide (1991)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity of specific semiconductors and insulators ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and thin layer structures (including superlattices, heterostructures and interacalation compounds)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The elemental composition and the optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous GaAs prepared by r.f. reactive sputtering at different hydrogen and argon pressure and substrate temperature have been determined. From the dependence of the absorption coefficient on photon energy the optical gap has been deduced according to the Tauc law. The data obtained for stoichiometric samples are compared with similar data obtained by different authors. The influence of various deposition parameters on stoichiometry and on the optical properties is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451284
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of electrical and optical losses on fundamental solar-cell parameters (1985)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 6 (1985), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Semiconductor devices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si presenta un'analisi della dipendenza della fotocorrente dalla corrente di massima potenza nelle celle solari quando sono contemporaneamente presenti le resistenze serie e di shunt. Su tale dipendenza influisce molto la resistenza serie. Tuttavia, se questa è dell'ordine di 3 Ω, è ϖI g/ϖI mp=1. Si studia anche l'influenza di rivestimenti antiriflettenti di TiOx sulla tensione di circuito aperto, sulla corrente di circuito aperto e sulla corrente di corto circuito nelle celle di silicio.
    Notes: Summary We present here an analysis of the dependence of the light-generated current on the current at maximum power in lossy solar cells. that is, cells with both series and shunt resistances present simultaneously — that is, a real cell. It is essentially seen that this dependence is highly sensitive to series resistance. However, for cells with series resistance of the order of 3 Ω, ϖI g/ϖI mp=1. We also look at the influence of TiOx antireflection coatings on the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current in silicon solar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450561
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of optical properties of SnO2 films (1984)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 4 (1984), S. 68-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical properties of thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Mediante la misura dei valori di transmittanza e di riflettanza per lunghezze d'onda comprese fra 0.25 μm e 3 μm, sono state studiate le proprietà ottiche di film sottili (trasparenti e conduttivi) di SnO2 non drogato, preparati mediante sputtering. Dai valori così ottenuti sono stati ricavati valori del gap diretto dell'ordine di 4 eV e di quello indiretto dell'ordine di 3 eV. Un film di SnO2 presenta tipicamente valori della transmittanza intorno all'85%, per luce visibile,R ∂ intorno ai (100÷800) Ω∂ e resistività fra 2.4·10−3 e 1.8·10−2 Ω cm.
    Abstract: Резюме Пзмеряя величины пропускания и отражения в области длин волн между λ=0.25 мкм и λ=3 мкм, исследуются оптические свойства проводящих прозрачных тонких пленок нелегированного SnO2, приготовленных с помощью напыления. Из полученных оптических постоянных извлекаются значения прямой щели, порядка 4 эВ, и непрямой щели, порядка 3 эВ. Типичные пленки SnO2 пропускают ∼85% видимого света, имеют сопротивлениеR ∂ (100÷800) Ω∂ и удельные сопротивления в области (2.4·10−3÷1.8·10−2) Ом·см.
    Notes: Summary The optical properties of conductive transparent thin films of undoped SnO2, prepared by using magnetron supttering, were studied by measuring the transmittance and the reflectance between λ=0.25 μm and λ=3μm. The extracted optical constants are interpreted to give values of a direct band gap of the order of 4 eV and of an indirect band gap of the order of 3 eV. Typical SnO2 films transmit ≈85% of visible light, have sheet resistanceR ∂ (100÷800) Ω∂ and resistivities of (2.4·10−3÷1.8·10−2) Ω cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451872
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optimization model for amorphous solar cells in which optical, electrical and recombination properties are specified (1986)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 8 (1986), S. 447-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects ; photodielectric effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si presenta un modello per la determinazione e l'ottimizzazione dei parametri fondamentali atti a definire la qualità delle celle solari amorfe, specificando le proprietà ottiche, elettriche e di ricombinazione. Esso può essere applicato a qualunque sistema di celle solari amorfe. Sono fornite le espressioni teoriche ed è descritto un metodo iterativo per il calcolo numerico della densità di corrente di alcuni tipi di celle. Sono anche presentati i risultati ottenuti da calcoli eseguiti col computer e basati su questo modello.
    Notes: Summary A model for determination and optimization of the fundamental parameters defining the quality of amorphous solar cells in which optical, electrical and recombination properties are specified is developed. It can be applied to any amorphous solar-cell systems. This paper gives theoretical expressions and describes an iterative method of numerical calculation for the current density of different cells. Results of computer calculations based on this model are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties and structure ofa-Si1−x C x : H alloy films (1987)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 393-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electronic properties of specific thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati realizzati film dia-SiC:H mediante glow-discharge in atmosfera Ar-SiH4-CH4 con differenti rapporti CH4/SiH4. La concentrazione di H nei film è stata determinate usando la reazione di risonanza1H(15N, αγ)12C ed il contenuto di carbonio mediante spettrometria Rutherford-backscattering. Da misure di trasmittanza e riflettanza nella zona UV-visibile-vicino IR sono state ricavate le costanti ottiche, l'indice di rifrazione, la costante dielettrica, il coefficiente di assorbimento e il gap ottico. Un esame delle bande degli spettri vibrazionali dei vari legami CH, CSi e SiH ottenuti mediante misure di trasmissione nell'IR ha fornito un'interpretazione sulla struttura dei film. Sono state anche realizzate misure di conduttività di buio e di fotoconduttività sotto illuminamento di 500 W/m2. I risultati indicano che all'aumentare del contenuto di carbonio l'indice di rifrazione diminuisce sistematicamente per tutte le lunghezze d'onda, il gap ottico aumenta, la conduttività di buio diminuisce e nella configurazione strutturale tendono a prevalere le catene contenenti il carbonio.
    Abstract: Резюме Ъыли осаждены две системы пленокa-SiC:H в атмосфере Ar-SiH4-CH4, чтобы исследовать переменного отношения CH4/SiH4 на физические свойства. Состав пленок определяется с помощью резонансных ядерных реакций и измерений обратного резерфордовского рассеяния. Также определяются оптичззкся щеяь и показатель преломления с помщяю иемерений пронисаемости в видимойультрафиолетовой-близкой инфракрасной области, конфигурацуя связи с помощью измерений инфракрасной проницаемости и удельное сопротивление и фотопроводимость с помошью єлектрических измерений в темноте м при освешении 500 Bt/M2. Полученные результаты покасывают, что с увеличением содержания углерода показатель преомления систематически уменьшается для всех длин волн, єнергетическая щель увеличивается, темновое сопротивление увеличивается, конфигурация связи становится доминирующей за счет углерод-содержащих цепочек и структура становится более разориентировнной.
    Notes: Summary Two sets ofa-SiC:H films were deposited by glow discharge in an Ar-SiH4-CH4 atmosphere to investigate the effect of a variable CH4/SiH4 ratio on the physical properties. The composition of the films was determined by resonant nuclear reaction and by Rutherford backscattering measurements, the optical gap and the index of refraction by transmissivity measurements in the visible-UV-NIR range, the bonding configuration by IR transmissivity measurements and the resistivity and the photo-conductivity by electrical measurements in the dark and under a 500 W/m2 illumination. Results indicate that with increasing carbon content the refractive index decreases systematically over all wavelengths, the energy gap increases, the dark resistivity increases, the bonding configuration becomes dominated by carbon-containing chains and the structure more disordered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450581
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution in α-SiC:H induced by thermal annealing as deduced by optical properties
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 179 (1992), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4526(92)90621-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen evolution in amorphous silicon carbide
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 170 (1991), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4526(91)90118-X
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