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  • Models, Biological  (68)
  • Fisheries
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Seismology
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (74)
  • Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority  (2)
  • Am. Meteor. Soc.
  • WWF Programa Marino para Latinoamérica y el Caribe
  • 2005-2009  (76)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2006  (76)
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  • 2005-2009  (76)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    Seychelles fisheries country profile : 1990-1994. (2006)
    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Seychelles is composed of over 100 islands with a land area of approximately 455 km², centred close to 4°30'S and 55°30'E. The combined coastline is approximately 600 km long, the oceanic shelf totals about 50 000 km² and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is over 1 370 000 km². The total population (1994 census) stands at just under 74 000. in 1994, the population registered a growth rate of 2.2%. The GDP (1994) was SR 2373.8 million, fisheries representing 4.8% of this sum. Licensing agreements for foreign fishing activities provided a yearly revenue of SR8 million. Port Victoria is seen as a prime centre for tuna fishing operations in the Indian Ocean. In the artisanal fishery just under 900 persons are working. The largest contributor to catch by vessel type are the traditional whaler vessels representing 47.8% of the total catch. Over 66.3% of the catch is by the handline method. Carangidae representing 24% and Lutjanidae 19% of total landings. There are six specific objectives to the fisheries sector policy, which aims as resource development and maximisation of potential benefits. Nearshore fishery resources are considered to be heavily exploited, however opportunities exist around the distant islands and in deeper waters off the Mahe plateau shelf. Aquaculture of molluscs and prawns is being developed and carried out. The main constraints to development are seen as the lack of skilled manpower and foreign exchange.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Country profile ; Fisheries ; Seychelles ; Statistics ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 186058 bytes
    Format: 520444 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The industrial tuna fishing activity in the Western Indian Ocean: report for the year 2001 (2006)
    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority | Victoria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-09
    Description: Published
    Description: Industrial tuna fishing
    Keywords: Tuna ; Fisheries ; Fishery economics ; Fishery industry ; Fishery statistics ; Tuna fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 1589602 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 28
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Staying connected in a turbulent world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steneck, Robert S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, ME 04573, USA. steneck@maine.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Caribbean Region ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/growth & development/*physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Swimming ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Sustainability. Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Aggresomes and autophagy generate sites for virus replication (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The replication of many viruses is associated with specific intracellular compartments called virus factories or virioplasm. These are thought to provide a physical scaffold to concentrate viral components and thereby increase the efficiency of replication. The formation of virus replication sites often results in rearrangement of cellular membranes and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Similar rearrangements are seen in cells in response to protein aggregation, where aggresomes and autophagosomes are produced to facilitate protein degradation. Here I review the evidence that some viruses induce aggresomes and autophagosomes to generate sites of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wileman, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. t.wileman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Autophagy ; Cell Membrane Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/physiology/ultrastructure/*virology ; DNA Viruses/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Phagosomes/physiology/*virology ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Viruses/*physiology ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Comment on "Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Dey and Joshi (Reports, 21 April 2006, p. 434) studied replicate laboratory populations of Drosophila and reported that low migration led to asynchrony among subpopulations. We argue that this unexpected outcome may be due to variation in the initial size of the subpopulations and uncontrolled stochasticity in the experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranta, Esa -- Kaitala, Veijo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):420; author reply 420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. esa.ranta@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus: population dynamical considerations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: Given the considerable challenges to the rapid development of an effective vaccine against influenza, antiviral agents will play an important role as a first-line defense if a new pandemic occurs. The large-scale use of drugs for chemoprophylaxis and treatment will impose strong selection for the evolution of drug-resistant strains. The ensuing transmission of those strains could substantially limit the effectiveness of the drugs as a first-line defense. Summarizing recent data on the rate at which the treatment of influenza infection generates resistance de novo and on the transmission fitness of resistant virus, we discuss possible implications for the epidemiological spread of drug resistance in the context of an established population dynamic model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regoes, Roland R -- Bonhoeffer, Sebastian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):389-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum CHN K12.1, Universitatsstrasse 16, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Amantadine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Orthomyxoviridae/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Oseltamivir ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cell biology. A metabolic push to proliferate (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brasaemle, Dawn L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1581-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. brasaemle@aesop.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Caveolae/metabolism ; Caveolin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; *Lipid Metabolism ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis ; Triglycerides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Long-distance dispersal of plants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants poses challenges to research because it involves rare events driven by complex and highly stochastic processes. The current surge of renewed interest in LDD, motivated by growing recognition of its critical importance for natural populations and communities and for humanity, promises an improved, quantitatively derived understanding of LDD. To gain deep insights into the patterns, mechanisms, causes, and consequences of LDD, we must look beyond the standard dispersal vectors and the mean trend of the distribution of dispersal distances. "Nonstandard" mechanisms such as extreme climatic events and generalized LDD vectors seem to hold the greatest explanatory power for the drastic deviations from the mean trend, deviations that make the nearly impossible LDD a reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Ran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; *Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes ; Water Movements ; *Weather ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    alphaE-catenin controls cerebral cortical size by regulating the hedgehog signaling pathway (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: During development, cells monitor and adjust their rates of accumulation to produce organs of predetermined size. We show here that central nervous system-specific deletion of the essential adherens junction gene, alphaE-catenin, causes abnormal activation of the hedgehog pathway, resulting in shortening of the cell cycle, decreased apoptosis, and cortical hyperplasia. We propose that alphaE-catenin connects cell-density-dependent adherens junctions with the developmental hedgehog pathway and that this connection may provide a negative feedback loop controlling the size of developing cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lien, Wen-Hui -- Klezovitch, Olga -- Fernandez, Tania E -- Delrow, Jeff -- Vasioukhin, Valeri -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-128171/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Polarity ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology/pathology/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/ultrastructure ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Cell signaling. A new way to burn fat (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neels, Jaap G -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA. jolefsky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; Malonyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Obesity/therapy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    The molecular architecture of axonemes revealed by cryoelectron tomography (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are built on a 9 + 2 array of microtubules plus 〉250 accessory proteins, forming a biological machine called the axoneme. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of rapidly frozen axonemes from Chlamydomonas and sea urchin sperm, using cryoelectron tomography and image processing to focus on the motor enzyme dynein. Our images suggest a model for the way dynein generates force to slide microtubules. They also reveal two dynein linkers that may provide "hard-wiring" to coordinate motor enzyme action, both circumferentially and along the axoneme. Periodic densities were also observed inside doublet microtubules; these may contribute to doublet stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicastro, Daniela -- Schwartz, Cindi -- Pierson, Jason -- Gaudette, Richard -- Porter, Mary E -- McIntosh, J Richard -- 2R37-GM55667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 000592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):944-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CB 347, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA. nicastro@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Flagella/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Freezing ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Microtubules/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sea Urchins ; Sperm Tail/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Tomography
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: Very few experimental studies have examined how migration rate affects metapopulation dynamics and stability. We studied the dynamics of replicate laboratory metapopulations of Drosophila under different migration rates. Low migration stabilized metapopulation dynamics, while promoting unstable subpopulation dynamics, by inducing asynchrony among neighboring subpopulations. High migration synchronized subpopulation dynamics, thereby destabilizing the metapopulations. Contrary to some theoretical predictions, increased migration did not affect average population size. Simulations based on a simple non-species-specific population growth model captured most features of the data, which suggests that our results are generalizable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dey, Sutirth -- Joshi, Amitabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):434-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Evolutionary & Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560 064, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" II (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Sibly et al. (Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) recently estimated the relationship between population size and growth rate for 1780 time series of various species. I explain why some aspects of their analysis are questionable and, therefore, why their results and estimation procedure should be used with care.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Joshua V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mathematics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. jvr@maths.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Cell biology. Purinergic chemotaxis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linden, Joel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jlinden@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apyrase/pharmacology ; *Autocrine Communication ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ; Neutrophils/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Respiratory Burst/drug effects ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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    Engineering cooperativity in biomotor-protein assemblies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: A biosynthetic approach was developed to control and probe cooperativity in multiunit biomotor assemblies by linking molecular motors to artificial protein scaffolds. This approach provides precise control over spatial and elastic coupling between motors. Cooperative interactions between monomeric kinesin-1 motors attached to protein scaffolds enhance hydrolysis activity and microtubule gliding velocity. However, these interactions are not influenced by changes in the elastic properties of the scaffold, distinguishing multimotor transport from that powered by unorganized monomeric motors. These results highlight the role of supramolecular architecture in determining mechanisms of collective transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehl, Michael R -- Zhang, Kechun -- Lee, Heun Jin -- Tirrell, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. diehl@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/chemistry ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Bacteria use diverse small molecules for extra- and intracellular signaling. They scan small-molecule mixtures to access information about both their extracellular environment and their intracellular physiological status, and based on this information, they continuously interpret their circumstances and react rapidly to changes. Bacteria must integrate extra- and intracellular signaling information to mount appropriate responses to changes in their environment. We review recent research into two fundamental bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways: extracellular quorum-sensing signaling and intracellular cyclic dinucleotide signaling. We suggest how these two pathways may converge to control complex processes including multicellularity, biofilm formation, and virulence. We also outline new questions that have arisen from recent studies in these fields.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camilli, Andrew -- Bassler, Bonnie L -- R01 AI045746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045746-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111-1817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/metabolism ; Purine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Quinolones/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Virulence/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Vandermeer and Perfecto (Reports, 17 February 2006, p. 1000) reported a general power law pattern in the distribution of a common agricultural pest. However, there is an exact analytical solution for the expected cluster distribution under the proposed null model of density-independent growth in a patchy landscape. Reanalysis of the data shows that the system is not in a critical state but confirms the importance of a mutualism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, David -- Pascual, Mercedes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA. dalonso@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Probability ; *Symbiosis
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    Evolution. Darwin for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
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    Marine parks need sharks? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Demian D F -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Babcock, Elizabeth A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):526-8; author reply 526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biomass ; Caribbean Region ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks
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    GE Prize-winning essay. The emergence of cells during the origin of life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Irene A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ichen@post.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cells ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Liposomes/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; *Origin of Life ; Osmotic Pressure ; *Rna ; RNA, Catalytic
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    Atmosphere. Plant respiration in a warmer world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Anthony W -- Gunderson, Carla A -- Post, Wilfred M -- Weston, David J -- Wullschleger, Stan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):536-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. kingaw@ornl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; Atmosphere ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Comment on "Neutral ecological theory reveals isolation and rapid speciation in a biodiversity hot spot" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: Latimer et al. (Reports, 9 September 2005, p. 1722) used an approximate likelihood function to estimate parameters of Hubbell's neutral model of biodiversity. Reanalysis with the exact likelihood not only yields different estimates but also shows that two similar likelihood maxima for very different parameter combinations can occur. This reveals a limitation of using species abundance data to gain insight into speciation and dispersal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etienne, Rampal S -- Latimer, Andrew M -- Silander, John A Jr -- Cowling, Richard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands. r.s.etienne@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; *Plants/classification/genetics ; South Africa
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    Migration and Dispersal. Inching toward movement ecology (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecology ; Flight, Animal ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Movement ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Population Dynamics ; Wind
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    Migration and Dispersal. Sound sightings (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; *Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Telemetry
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    Cell biology. Balancing life-or-death decisions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartek, Jiri -- Lukas, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):261-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cancer Biology and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jb@cancer.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BRCA2 Protein/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transcription, Genetic ; cdc25 Phosphatases/metabolism
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    JETLAG resets the Drosophila circadian clock by promoting light-induced degradation of TIMELESS (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Organisms ranging from bacteria to humans synchronize their internal clocks to daily cycles of light and dark. Photic entrainment of the Drosophila clock is mediated by proteasomal degradation of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). We have identified mutations in jetlag-a gene coding for an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats-that result in reduced light sensitivity of the circadian clock. Mutant flies show rhythmic behavior in constant light, reduced phase shifts in response to light pulses, and reduced light-dependent degradation of TIM. Expression of JET along with the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) in cultured S2R cells confers light-dependent degradation onto TIM, thereby reconstituting the acute response + of the circadian clock to light in a cell culture system. Our results suggest that JET is essential for resetting the clock by transmitting light signals from CRY to TIM.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Zheng, Xiangzhong -- Sehgal, Amita -- NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1809-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Drosophila/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Light ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Plant science. Auxin transport, but in which direction? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieberer, Tobias -- Leyser, Ottoline -- BBS/B/09392/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):858-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 4YW, UK. ts20@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phthalimides/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Tobacco/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" I (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Sibly et al. (Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) concluded that density dependence acts far below the carrying capacity in most animal populations. We argue that the authors confused discrete and continuous models, that their best-fit models cannot explain observed oscillations, and that their estimation procedures appear biased. They also neglected trophic and migratory processes, which we demonstrate could underlie their empirical findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Getz, Wayne M -- Lloyd-Smith, James O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA. getz@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
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    The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium. Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we review emerging evidence that in addition to their well-established roles in sight, smell, and mechanosensation, primary cilia are key participants in intercellular signaling. This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singla, Veena -- Reiter, Jeremy F -- R21 DK069423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21DK69423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/pathology/physiopathology ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Polarity ; Cilia/*physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects/pathology/physiopathology ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology/physiopathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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    Plant science. Auxin begins to give up its secrets (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1230-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    FG-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins form a three-dimensional meshwork with hydrogel-like properties (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes permit rapid passage of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors, but otherwise suppress nucleocytoplasmic fluxes of inert macromolecules 〉/=30 kilodaltons. To explain this selectivity, a sieve structure of the permeability barrier has been proposed that is created through reversible cross-linking between Phe and Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporin repeats. According to this model, nuclear transport receptors overcome the size limit of the sieve and catalyze their own nuclear pore-passage by a competitive disruption of adjacent inter-repeat contacts, which transiently opens adjoining meshes. Here, we found that phenylalanine-mediated inter-repeat interactions indeed cross-link FG-repeat domains into elastic and reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that such hydrogel formation is required for viability in yeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, Steffen -- Richter, Ralf P -- Gorlich, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):815-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg (ZMBH), INF 282, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biopolymers ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Pore/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Permeability ; Phenylalanine/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Research facilities. Spain aims to lure systems biologists to a place in the sun (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosch, Xavier -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Models, Biological ; Spain ; *Systems Biology
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    Out of the tropics: evolutionary dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: The evolutionary dynamics underlying the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity have been controversial for over a century. Using a spatially explicit approach that incorporates not only origination and extinction but immigration, a global analysis of genera and subgenera of marine bivalves over the past 11 million years supports an "out of the tropics" model, in which taxa preferentially originate in the tropics and expand toward the poles without losing their tropical presence. The tropics are thus both a cradle and a museum of biodiversity, contrary to the conceptual dichotomy dominant since 1974; a tropical diversity crisis would thus have profound evolutionary effects at all latitudes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, David -- Roy, Kaustuv -- Valentine, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):102-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. djablons@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bivalvia/classification ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Tropical Climate
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    Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in detente (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The interface between an infectious agent and its host represents the ultimate battleground for survival: The microbe must secure a niche for replication, whereas the host must limit the pathogen's advance. Among the host's arsenal of antimicrobial factors, the type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce potent defense mechanisms against viruses and are key in the host-virus standoff. Viruses have evolved multiple tricks to avoid the immediate antiviral effects of IFNs and, in turn, hosts have adapted use of this innate cytokine system to galvanize multiple additional layers of immune defense. The plasticity that exists in these interactions provides us with a lesson in detente.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Biron, Christine A -- P01AI52106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI58113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI46954/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI55677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01CA41268/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI57158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/physiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/physiology ; Interferon Type I/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/physiology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses/*immunology
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    The competitive cost of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Mathematical models predict that the future of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic will depend on the fitness cost of drug resistance. We show that in laboratory-derived mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rifampin resistance is universally associated with a competitive fitness cost and that this cost is determined by the specific resistance mutation and strain genetic background. In contrast, we demonstrate that prolonged patient treatment can result in multidrug-resistant strains with no fitness defect and that strains with low- or no-cost resistance mutations are also the most frequent among clinical isolates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gagneux, Sebastien -- Long, Clara Davis -- Small, Peter M -- Van, Tran -- Schoolnik, Gary K -- Bohannan, Brendan J M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1944-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sgagneux@systemsbiology.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; Rifampin/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy/*microbiology
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    PER-TIM interactions in living Drosophila cells: an interval timer for the circadian clock (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: In contrast to current models, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements using a single-cell imaging assay with fluorescent forms of PER and TIM showed that these proteins bind rapidly and persist in the cytoplasm while gradually accumulating in discrete foci. After approximately 6 hours, complexes abruptly dissociated, as PER and TIM independently moved to the nucleus in a narrow time frame. The per(L) mutation delayed nuclear accumulation in vivo and in our cultured cell system, but without affecting rates of PER/TIM assembly or dissociation. This finding points to a previously unrecognized form of temporal regulation that underlies the periodicity of the circadian clock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Pablo -- Saez, Lino -- Young, Michael W -- GM54339/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):226-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar's microendemic biota (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: The endemic species richness on Madagascar, relative to landmass area, is unparalleled in the world. Many organisms on the island have restricted geographical ranges. A comprehensive hypothesis explaining the evolution of this microendemism has yet to be developed. Using an analysis of watersheds in the context of Quaternary climatic shifts, we provide a new mechanistic model to explain the process of explosive speciation on the island. River catchments with sources at relatively low elevations were zones of isolation and hence led to the speciation of locally endemic taxa, whereas those at higher elevations were zones of retreat and dispersion and hence contain proportionately lower levels of microendemism. These results provide a framework for biogeographic and phylogeographic studies, as well as a basis for prioritizing conservation actions of the remaining natural forest habitats on the island.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilme, Lucienne -- Goodman, Steven M -- Ganzhorn, Jorg U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1063-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Missouri Botanical Garden, Boite Postale 3391, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Madagascar ; Models, Biological ; Rivers ; Trees ; Vertebrates
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    The Ste5 scaffold allosterically modulates signaling output of the yeast mating pathway (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: Scaffold proteins organize signaling proteins into pathways and are often viewed as passive assembly platforms. We found that the Ste5 scaffold has a more active role in the yeast mating pathway: A fragment of Ste5 allosterically activated autophosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3. The resulting form of Fus3 is partially active-it is phosphorylated on only one of two key residues in the activation loop. Unexpectedly, at a systems level, autoactivated Fus3 appears to have a negative regulatory role, promoting Ste5 phosphorylation and a decrease in pathway transcriptional output. Thus, scaffolds not only direct basic pathway connectivity but can precisely tune quantitative pathway input-output properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharyya, Roby P -- Remenyi, Attila -- Good, Matthew C -- Bashor, Caleb J -- Falick, Arnold M -- Lim, Wendell A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):822-6. Epub 2006 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme Activation ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    G protein signaling in yeast: new components, new connections, new compartments (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Signaling by cell surface receptors and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) is one of the most exhaustively studied processes in the cell but remains a major focus of molecular pharmacology research. The pheromone-response system in yeast (see the Connections Map at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment) has provided numerous major advances in our understanding of G protein signaling and regulation. However, the basic features of this prototypical pathway have remained largely unchanged since the mid-1990s. New tools available in yeast are beginning to uncover new pathway components and interactions and have revealed signaling in unexpected locations within the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slessareva, Janna E -- Dohlman, Henrik G -- P01-GM065533/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1412-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 ; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RGS Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Mating Factor/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Vacuolar Sorting Protein VPS15
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    Predictability and preparedness in influenza control (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The threat of pandemic human influenza looms as we survey the ongoing avian influenza pandemic and wonder if and when it will jump species. What are the risks and how can we plan? The nub of the problem lies in the inherent variability of the virus, which makes prediction difficult. However, it is not impossible; mathematical models can help determine and quantify critical parameters and thresholds in the relationships of those parameters, even if the relationships are nonlinear and obscure to simple reasoning. Mathematical models can derive estimates for the levels of drug stockpiles needed to buy time, how and when to modify vaccines, whom to target with vaccines and drugs, and when to enforce quarantine measures. Regardless, the models used for pandemic planning must be tested, and for this we must continue to gather data, not just for exceptional scenarios but also for seasonal influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Derek J -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. dsmith@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Evolution, Molecular ; Forecasting ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Quarantine
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    Energy deregulation: licensing tumors to grow (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Respiration ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Hexokinase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
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    Comment on "A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Vandermeer and Perfecto (Reports, 17 February 2006, p. 1000) maintain that a mutualist ant disrupts the power law distribution of scale insect abundances. However, reanalysis of the data reveals that ants cause an increase in the range of the power law and modify its exponent. We present a tentative, but more realistic, model that is suitable for quantitative predictions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pueyo, Salvador -- Jovani, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. spueyo@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/parasitology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; *Symbiosis
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    Cell signaling. A sophisticated scaffold wields a new trick (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitkreutz, Ashton -- Tyers, Mike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):789-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7. abreitkr@uhnres.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Pheromones/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fishing, trophic cascades, and the process of grazing on coral reefs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumby, Peter J -- Dahlgren, Craig P -- Harborne, Alastair R -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Holmes, Katherine E -- Mendes, Judith M -- Broad, Kenneth -- Sanchirico, James N -- Buch, Kevin -- Box, Steve -- Stoffle, Richard W -- Gill, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; Bahamas ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Perciformes/anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology. Bacteria seize control by acetylating host proteins (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worby, Carolyn A -- Dixon, Jack E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1150-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; SUMO-1 Protein/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Yersinia/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Yersinia pestis/metabolism/pathogenicity ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Gans et al. (Reports, 26 August 2005, p. 1387) provided an estimate of soil bacterial species richness two orders of magnitude greater than previously reported values. Using a re-derived mathematical model, we reanalyzed the data and found that the statistical error exceeds the estimate by a factor of 26. We also note two potential sources of error in the experimental data collection and measurement procedures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunge, John -- Epstein, Slava S -- Peterson, Daniel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):918; author reply 918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. jab18@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; DNA, Bacterial/*analysis ; Kinetics ; Mathematics ; Metals, Heavy/analysis/*toxicity ; Models, Biological ; Nucleic Acid Renaturation ; *Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity ; Statistics as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A molecular framework for plant regeneration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: Plants and some animals have a profound capacity to regenerate organs from adult tissues. Molecular mechanisms for regeneration have, however, been largely unexplored. Here we investigate a local regeneration response in Arabidopsis roots. Laser-induced wounding disrupts the flow of auxin-a cell-fate-instructive plant hormone-in root tips, and we demonstrate that resulting cell-fate changes require the PLETHORA, SHORTROOT, and SCARECROW transcription factors. These transcription factors regulate the expression and polar position of PIN auxin efflux-facilitating membrane proteins to reconstitute auxin transport in renewed root tips. Thus, a regeneration mechanism using embryonic root stem-cell patterning factors first responds to and subsequently stabilizes a new hormone distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Jian -- Hofhuis, Hugo -- Heidstra, Renze -- Sauer, Michael -- Friml, Jiri -- Scheres, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cell biology. Stressed cells cope with protein overload (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ron, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):52-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. ron@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts primarily on two types of ionotropic receptors: alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Work over the past decade indicates that regulated changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors may serve as a mechanism for information storage. Recent studies demonstrate that a family of small transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) controls both AMPA receptor trafficking and channel gating. TARPs provide the first example of auxiliary subunits of ionotropic receptors. Here we review the pivotal role that TARPs play in the life cycle of AMPA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicoll, Roger A -- Tomita, Susumu -- Bredt, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1253-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. nicoll@cmp.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Characterizing a mammalian circannual pacemaker (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Many species express endogenous cycles in physiology and behavior that allow anticipation of the seasons. The anatomical and cellular bases of these circannual rhythms have not been defined. Here, we provide strong evidence using an in vivo Soay sheep model that the circannual regulation of prolactin secretion, and its associated biology, derive from a pituitary-based timing mechanism. Circannual rhythm generation is seen as the product of the interaction between melatonin-regulated timer cells and adjacent prolactin-secreting cells, which together function as an intrapituitary "pacemaker-slave" timer system. These new insights open the way for a molecular analysis of long-term timing mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, Gerald A -- Clarke, Iain J -- Hut, Roelof A -- Hazlerigg, David G -- G0600678/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1941-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland. g.lincoln@hrsu.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cues ; Denervation ; Lactotrophs/physiology ; Male ; Melatonin/blood/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity ; Photoperiod ; Pineal Gland/innervation/physiology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*physiology/secretion ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Seasons ; Sheep/blood/*physiology
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    Wildlife conservation. River dolphins down for the count, and perhaps out (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Dolphins ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Population Density ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers ; Water Pollution
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    GE Prize winner. How molecular motors move (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yildiz, Ahmet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):792-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. yildiz@cmp.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; Binding Sites ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Carbocyanines ; *Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Kinesin/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Movement ; Myosin Heavy Chains/*physiology ; Myosin Type V/*physiology ; Nanotechnology ; Rhodamines
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  • 55
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    Action of TFII-I outside the nucleus as an inhibitor of agonist-induced calcium entry (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: TFII-I is a transcription factor and a target of phosphorylation by Bruton's tyrosine kinase. In humans, deletions spanning the TFII-I locus are associated with a cognitive defect, the Williams-Beuren cognitive profile. We report an unanticipated role of TFII-I outside the nucleus as a negative regulator of agonist-induced calcium entry (ACE) that suppresses surface accumulation of TRPC3 (transient receptor potential C3) channels. Inhibition of ACE by TFII-I requires phosphotyrosine residues that engage the SH2 (Src-homology 2) domains of phospholipase C-g (PLC-g) and an interrupted, pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain that binds the split PH domain of PLC-g. Our observations suggest a model in which TFII-I suppresses ACE by competing with TRPC3 for binding to PLC-g.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caraveo, Gabriela -- van Rossum, Damian B -- Patterson, Randen L -- Snyder, Solomon H -- Desiderio, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):122-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; PC12 Cells ; Phospholipase C gamma/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; TRPC Cation Channels/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/chemistry/*metabolism ; Uridine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; src Homology Domains
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    Cell biology. Double knockout blow for caspases (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adrain, Colin -- Martin, Seamus J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):785-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. martinsj@tcd.ie〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytochromes c/metabolism/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Permeability ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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    Multiple phosphorylation sites confer reproducibility of the rod's single-photon responses (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-29
    Description: Although signals controlled by single molecules are expected to be inherently variable, rod photoreceptors generate reproducible responses to single absorbed photons. We show that this unexpected reproducibility-the consistency of amplitude and duration of rhodopsin activity-varies in a graded and systematic manner with the number but not the identity of phosphorylation sites on rhodopsin's C terminus. These results indicate that each phosphorylation site provides an independent step in rhodopsin deactivation and that collectively these steps tightly control rhodopsin's active lifetime. Other G protein cascades may exploit a similar mechanism to encode accurately the timing and number of receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doan, Thuy -- Mendez, Ana -- Detwiler, Peter B -- Chen, Jeannie -- Rieke, Fred -- EY-02048/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-11850/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-12155/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32EY-07031/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):530-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestin/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; *Photons ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular
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    Signal recognition particle receptor exposes the ribosomal translocon binding site (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Signal sequences of secretory and membrane proteins are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP) as they emerge from the ribosome. This results in their targeting to the membrane by docking with the SRP receptor, which facilitates transfer of the ribosome to the translocon. Here, we present the 8 angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of a "docking complex" consisting of a SRP-bound 80S ribosome and the SRP receptor. Interaction of the SRP receptor with both SRP and the ribosome rearranged the S domain of SRP such that a ribosomal binding site for the translocon, the L23e/L35 site, became exposed, whereas Alu domain-mediated elongation arrest persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halic, Mario -- Gartmann, Marco -- Schlenker, Oliver -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Pool, Martin R -- Sinning, Irmgard -- Beckmann, Roland -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biochemistry, Charite, University Medical School Berlin, Monbijoustrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dogs ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" III (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Stochasticity in time series explains concave responses of per capita growth rate to population size. The gradients with the natural log of population size have more biological importance because they measure strength of density compensation. Its weakening with increasing body size across taxa (Sibly et al., Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) is consistent with slower responses in ascent than descent toward carrying capacity. Time series therefore suggest that populations of large-bodied animals underfill their environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doncaster, C Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. cpd@soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis ; Stochastic Processes
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    C-terminal signal sequence promotes virulence factor secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses the ESX-1/Snm system [early secreted antigen 6 kilodaltons (ESAT-6) system 1/secretion in mycobacteria] to deliver virulence factors into host macrophages during infection. Despite its essential role in virulence, the mechanism of ESX-1 secretion is unclear. We found that the unstructured C terminus of the CFP-10 substrate was recognized by Rv3871, a cytosolic component of the ESX-1 system that itself interacts with the membrane protein Rv3870. Point mutations in the signal that abolished binding of CFP-10 to Rv3871 prevented secretion of the CFP-10 (culture filtrate protein, 10 kilodaltons)/ESAT-6 virulence factor complex. Attachment of the signal to yeast ubiquitin was sufficient for secretion from M. tuberculosis cells, demonstrating that this ESX-1 signal is portable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Champion, Patricia A Digiuseppe -- Stanley, Sarah A -- Champion, Matthew M -- Brown, Eric J -- Cox, Jeffery S -- A105155/PHS HHS/ -- AI51667/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI63302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1632-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Campus Box 2200, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Notch, a universal arbiter of cell fate decisions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Members of the Notch family of receptors act as membrane-tethered transcription factors that are tightly associated with binary cell fate decisions. Notch signaling acts as a molecular gate that allows cells to adopt or forfeit a particular fate. Interaction of Notch with ligands triggers a sequence of proteolytic cleavages that release the intracellular domain to the nucleus; this mechanism is a target of therapies for leukemias associated with Notch activation. Although the molecular mechanism of Notch activation is well characterized, further analysis in an appropriate cellular context will provide new insight into Notch signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehebauer, Matthias -- Hayward, Penelope -- Arias, Alfonso Martinez -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1414-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Notch/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Ecology. Mutualistic webs of species (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, John N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):372-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. thompson@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Predatory Behavior ; Selection, Genetic ; *Symbiosis
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    Physiology. Running a clock requires quality time together (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunlap, Jay C -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):184-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Time Factors
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    Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The mutualistic interactions between plants and their pollinators or seed dispersers have played a major role in the maintenance of Earth's biodiversity. To investigate how coevolutionary interactions are shaped within species-rich communities, we characterized the architecture of an array of quantitative, mutualistic networks spanning a broad geographic range. These coevolutionary networks are highly asymmetric, so that if a plant species depends strongly on an animal species, the animal depends weakly on the plant. By using a simple dynamical model, we showed that asymmetries inherent in coevolutionary networks may enhance long-term coexistence and facilitate biodiversity maintenance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- Jordano, Pedro -- Olesen, Jens M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Apartado 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollen ; *Symbiosis
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    Ecology. A renaissance in the study of abundance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGill, Brian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):770-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada. mail@brianmcgill.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; Environment ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Cell biology. The stress of finding NEMO (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartek, Jiri -- Lukas, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1110-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cancer Biology and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jb@cancer.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology/physiopathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; SUMO-1 Protein/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Comment on "Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-30
    Description: Bascompte et al. (Reports, 21 April 2006, p. 431) used network asymmetries to explain mathematical conditions necessary for stability in historic models of mutualism. The Lotka-Volterra equations they used artificially created conditions in which some factor, such as asymmetric interaction strengths, is necessary for community coexistence. We show that a more realistic model incorporating nonlinear functional responses requires no such condition and is consistent with their data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, J Nathaniel -- Okuyama, Toshinori -- DeAngelis, Donald L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1887; author reply 1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollen ; *Symbiosis
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    Cell biology. Tools to tamper with phosphoinositides (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaughlin, Stuart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1402-3. Epub 2006 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA. smclaughlin@notes.cc.sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; *Ion Channel Gating ; KCNQ Potassium Channels/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network: the same but different (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: An elaborate vesicle transport system supports the active exchange of membranes and protein cargo between the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network. Many observations suggest that highly conserved mechanisms are used in vesicle formation and scission. Such similarity is found both at the level of the receptor-ligand sequestration process that uses clathrin and associated polymeric and monomeric adaptor proteins, and in the machinery used to deform and vesiculate lipid membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNiven, Mark A -- Thompson, Heather M -- CA104125-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK44650-15/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA104125/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA104125-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK044650/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1591-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. mcniven.mark@mayo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Membrane Lipids/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Microdomains/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Protein Transport ; Transport Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; trans-Golgi Network/*metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Opposing activities protect against age-onset proteotoxicity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Aberrant protein aggregation is a common feature of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with the misassembly of the Abeta(1-42) peptide. Aggregation-mediated Abeta(1-42) toxicity was reduced in Caenorhabditis elegans when aging was slowed by decreased insulin/insulin growth factor-1-like signaling (IIS). The downstream transcription factors, heat shock factor 1, and DAF-16 regulate opposing disaggregation and aggregation activities to promote cellular survival in response to constitutive toxic protein aggregation. Because the IIS pathway is central to the regulation of longevity and youthfulness in worms, flies, and mammals, these results suggest a mechanistic link between the aging process and aggregation-mediated proteotoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Ehud -- Bieschke, Jan -- Perciavalle, Rhonda M -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- Dillin, Andrew -- DK 46335/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 50636/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1604-10. Epub 2006 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Weight ; Movement ; Muscles/metabolism/physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Ecological role of purple sea urchins (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):940-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. pearse@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gastropoda ; Genome ; Kelp ; Population Dynamics ; Strongylocentrotus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/genetics/*physiology
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    Epidemiology. Influenza escapes immunity along neutral networks (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Nimwegen, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Bioinformatics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. erik.vannimwegen@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Computer Simulation ; Cross Reactions ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*immunology/virology ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation
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    Brassinosteroid signaling: a paradigm for steroid hormone signaling from the cell surface (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Plants use the coordinated action of several small-molecule hormones to grow and develop optimally in response to a changing environment. Among these hormones are the brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of plants. BRs bind a small family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases at the cell surface, thereby initiating an intracellular signal transduction cascade that results in the altered expression of hundreds of genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belkhadir, Youssef -- Chory, Joanne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1410-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. chory@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Brassinosteroids ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cholestanols/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Growth Regulators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Response Elements ; *Signal Transduction ; Steroids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Epochal evolution shapes the phylodynamics of interpandemic influenza A (H3N2) in humans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Human influenza A (subtype H3N2) is characterized genetically by the limited standing diversity of its hemagglutinin and antigenically by clusters that emerge and replace each other within 2 to 8 years. By introducing an epidemiological model that allows for differences between the genetic and antigenic properties of the virus's hemagglutinin, we show that these patterns can arise from cluster-specific immunity alone. Central to the formulation is a genotype-to-phenotype mapping, based on neutral networks, with antigenic phenotypes, not genotypes, determining the degree of strain cross-immunity. The model parsimoniously explains well-known, as well as previously unremarked, features of interpandemic influenza dynamics and evolution. It captures the observed boom-and-bust pattern of viral evolution, with periods of antigenic stasis during which genetic diversity grows, and with episodic contraction of this diversity during cluster transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koelle, Katia -- Cobey, Sarah -- Grenfell, Bryan -- Pascual, Mercedes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 2019 Kraus Natural Science Building, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA. kkoelle@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; *Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Computer Simulation ; Cross Reactions ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epitopes/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*immunology/transmission/virology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: Data that can be described by a power function are ubiquitous in nature. Although there is consensus that such data frequently emerge generally from nonlinear complex systems, a variety of specific mechanisms may be responsible for creating the pattern in particular cases. Here, we report on the distribution of a scale insect (Coccus viridis) that is a common agricultural pest. Its distribution in an organic coffee farm in southern Mexico generally follows a power function, but there are subtle deviations from that function. We offer a biological explanation for both adherence to the power functions and associated deviations, along with supporting evidence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vandermeer, John -- Perfecto, Ivette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1000-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jvander@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Beetles/physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/parasitology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Mexico ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Symbiosis ; Wasps/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: We developed a quantitative method, analogous to those used in statistical mechanics, to predict how biodiversity will vary across environments, which plant species from a species pool will be found in which relative abundances in a given environment, and which plant traits determine community assembly. This provides a scaling from plant traits to ecological communities while bypassing the complications of population dynamics. Our method treats community development as a sorting process involving species that are ecologically equivalent except with respect to particular functional traits, which leads to a constrained random assembly of species; the relative abundance of each species adheres to a general exponential distribution as a function of its traits. Using data for eight functional traits of 30 herbaceous species and community-aggregated values of these traits in 12 sites along a 42-year chronosequence of secondary succession, we predicted 94% of the variance in the relative abundances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shipley, Bill -- Vile, Denis -- Garnier, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):812-4. Epub 2006 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Biologie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada. bill.shipley@usherbrooke.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; France ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants/genetics ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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