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  • Articles  (131)
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  • Environment  (131)
  • 2005-2009  (131)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2006  (57)
  • 2005  (74)
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  • Books  (1)
  • Articles  (131)
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  • 2005-2009  (131)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Geochemical and environmental studies of recent marine sediments and some hard corals of Wadi El-Gemal area of the Red Sea, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This Journal is published by National Institute of Oceanography and Fishereies, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The distribution of (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) concentrations were determined in surface marine sediments and coral reefs at Wadi El-Gemal in the Red Sea area. There were significant differences in concentrations of heavy metals in the marine sediments relative to the coral reefs. Some heavy metal concentrations in sediments and coral reefs in the study area are high compared to that in the impact areas of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results indicate that the high concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments and coral reefs are particularly affected by the high contribution of terrigenous materials through the stream of Wadi El-Gemal. Generally, heavy metals concentration in the sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline with the exception of Pb, which increased with increasing distance from the shoreline. On the other hand, Pb concentration in coral reefs is high compared to that in some sediment samples at Wadi El- Gemal area. The grain size, carbonate, organic matter, phosphorus and heavy metals distribution reflect marked changes in lithology, biological activities in the sea and land geology of the study area. Carbonate content mainly of biogenic origin varies from 5.7 –69.5% of the sediments. Organic matter contents of the sediments (1.7 to 6.5%) and phosphorus content (110 to 5097ppm) usually reflect significant terrigenous influences. On the other hand, heavy metals show an increasing tendency in the mud fraction of Wadi El-Gemal area. The present work reflects how much the marine sediments and coral reefs are influenced by natural impacts from this wadi. The collected data will be useful in management and suitable development of the area, beside being helpful as database in the future.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hard corals ; Wadi El-Gemal ; Natural impacts ; Heavy metals ; Environment ; Marine ecology ; Environments ; Marine ecology ; Marine pollution ; Sediments ; Coral reefs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 2
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    Heat and salt storages in the offshore water of the Red Sea (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper is published by the Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Description: The seasonal changes of heat and salt storages in the offshore water of the Red Sea were studied using a historical data collected from different cruises during the period from 1924 to 1998. The heat storage within water column of different depths exhibits a seasonal variability. The heat storage is low during winter and high during summer. Also, the heat storage increases from north to south. The maximum values of heat storage are found in the southern central part of the Red Sea. It reached about 29.9x109 J/m2 within the water column of 300m depth. The seasonal change of heat storage from the annual mean is negative during winter and spring, while it is positive during summer and autumn. It has higher values during winter and summer, while its value decreased during spring and autumn. The salt storage within the water column decreases from north to south. The maximum values are observed at extremely northern Red Sea, while the minimum ones are found at extremely southern Red Sea, near Bab-El-Mandab Strait. The maximum value of salt storage within the water column of 300m depth reaches about 12.59 ton/m2 during summer. The salt storage differs slightly from one season to another. The maximum values of salt storage are observed during summer in the northern regions of the Red Sea, while they are found in the southern regions during winter. The seasonal changes of salt storage from the annual mean vary between -110 kg/m2 and 100 kg/m2.
    Description: NIOF - Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Published
    Description: Salt, Heat
    Keywords: Physical oceanography ; Environment ; Environments ; Physical oceanography ; Salt water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
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    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic plasticiser materials in the sea water of alexandria coastal area (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the real contaminants of petroleum, were detected in the surface seawater of Alexandria coastal area in winter and spring seasons of 1995. Their order of predominance, particularly for the individual components were principally due to the processes of input, transport and fluxes. Variation of PAHs was not following seasonal changes but it was slightly affected by partial dissolution of the lowerboiling aromatic hydrocarbons. The most abundant component of aromatic hydrocarbons was pyrene (PAH),112ngI-1 followed by naphthalene(56ngI-1) and its alkylated derivatives (dicyclic), then phenanthrene(14ngI-1) and its methylated derivatives (tricyclic). The potential fish carcinogenic PAH, dibenz [a & c] anthracene was found in extremely trace levels. Most aromatic hydrocarbons present in seawater were arised from combustion of various petroleum and non-petroleum products, while few aromatics were found as a result of petroleum pollution. PAHs were also detected in rain water(25ngI-1). Plasticiser mate rials (phthalates) were determined everywhere at considerable levels in the coastal area of Alexandria; which is the first district in Egypt for producing and recycling polyethylene, plastics and nylons.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Sources, Seasonal changes, Natural variation, Plasticizer materials, Rain water
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Environment ; Chemical analysis ; Environments ; Marine environment ; Marine pollution ; Oil pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 4
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    Effect of ecological and biological factors on the uptake and concentration of trace elements by aquatic organisms at Edku lake (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The effect of temperature, pH and trace elements concentration in the ambient water on the uptake and accumulation of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb in various organs of fish and parts of aquatic plants of Edku Lake were studied. It was found that higher water temperature and lower pH during summer increased the rates of trace metals uptake by the most common fish species Oreochromis niloticus. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Ni in the various organs of fish were affected by the concentrations of these elements in the water. Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb attained higher concentrations in the roots of Eichormia crassipes if compared with their concentrations in the other parts of this aquatic plant. Sex of fish can be considered as an important factor affecting the accumulation of trace elements in different organs of fish. The accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Ni in the flesh, liver, gonads and bones of fish were negatively correlated with length of the fish.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Fish ; Aquatic plants ; Pollution ; Lake fisheries ; Lakes ; Environment ; Accumulation ; Environments ; Lake fisheries ; Lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
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    Pre-concentration and separation of Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) by solid-phase extraction using silica modified with N-propylsalicylaldimine (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: this paper is published by the Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research - National Institute of Oceanography and fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: N- propylsalicylaldimine based on porous silica, as ion exchanger, was used for the separation and preconcentration of Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from surface water samples collected from eleven locations at Nile river, Mediterranean and Red seas as well as tap water of Mansoura city. The effects of pH value, time of stirring, concentration of eluting acids and some common ionic species on the separation and preconcentration of the investigated metal ions in synthetic aqueous solutions were studied. The results indicate that the optimum conditions for separation are pH = 9.0-9.5 and time of stirring = 30 min. HCl is better eluent for the investigated metal ions than HNO3 except for Fe3+. Citrate and EDTA gave severe interference on the recovery of the metal ions therefore the water samples were previously oxidized to digest organic matter prior to the application process.
    Description: NIOF-Alexandria
    Description: Published
    Description: seperation, extraction
    Keywords: Copper ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Copper ; Efficiency ; Environments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 6
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    Ecological and fisheries development of Lake Manzalah (Egypt): hydrography and chemistry of Lake Manzalah (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Description: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 7
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    Sustainability. Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Migration and Dispersal. Arduous journeys (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):783-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Cues ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; *Flight, Animal ; *Instinct ; Reproduction ; Songbirds/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Community collaborations. Collaborative ecological restoration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, Warren -- Ewing, Kern -- Banks, John -- Groom, Martha -- Hinckley, Tom -- Secord, David -- Shebitz, Daniela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1880-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Program, University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA. wgold@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Curriculum ; Ecology/*education ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Faculty ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Universities ; Washington
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Planetary science. Exploring other worlds to learn more about our own (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller-Wodarg, Ingo C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1319-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK. i.mueller-wodarg@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Earth (Planet) ; Environment ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Mars ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; *Solar System
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Ecology. Salvage logging research continues to generate sparks (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fires ; *Forestry ; Oregon ; Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; Publishing ; Trees/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Botany. Plants may be hidden methane source (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Environment ; Methane/*metabolism ; Methyl Chloride/metabolism ; Plants/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Aquaculture in offshore zones (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudey, Clifford A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1875-6; author reply 1875-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Oceans and Seas ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Reefs of the deep: the biology and geology of cold-water coral ecosystems (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: Coral reefs are generally associated with shallow tropical seas; however, recent deep-ocean exploration using advanced acoustics and submersibles has revealed unexpectedly widespread and diverse coral ecosystems in deep waters on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world. Advances reviewed here include the use of corals as paleoclimatic archives and their biogeological functioning, biodiversity, and biogeography. Threats to these fragile, long-lived, and rich ecosystems are mounting: The impacts of deep-water trawling are already widespread, and effects of ocean acidification are potentially devastating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, J Murray -- Wheeler, Andrew J -- Freiwald, Andre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):543-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Cold Temperature ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; Genetics, Population ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Energy returns on ethanol production (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufmann, Robert K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1746-8; author reply 1746-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; *Ethanol ; Gasoline
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Archaeology. The end of Angkor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1364-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Cambodia ; Cities/*history ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; History, Medieval ; Population Dynamics ; Sanitary Engineering/history ; Trees ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Scientific description can imperil species (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, Bryan L -- Rhodin, Anders G J -- Grismer, L Lee -- Hansel, Troy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1137.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Classification ; *Commerce ; Environment ; *Publishing ; Reptiles/classification ; Urodela/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Biodiversity research still grounded (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hendriks, Iris E -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Heip, Carlo H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1715.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genome ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Research ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Clonal adaptive radiation in a constant environment (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: The evolution of new combinations of bacterial properties contributes to biodiversity and the emergence of new diseases. We investigated the capacity for bacterial divergence with a chemostat culture of Escherichia coli. A clonal population radiated into more than five phenotypic clusters within 26 days, with multiple variations in global regulation, metabolic strategies, surface properties, and nutrient permeability pathways. Most isolates belonged to a single ecotype, and neither periodic selection events nor ecological competition for a single niche prevented an adaptive radiation with a single resource. The multidirectional exploration of fitness space is an underestimated ingredient to bacterial success even in unstructured environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maharjan, Ram -- Seeto, Shona -- Notley-McRobb, Lucinda -- Ferenci, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):514-7. Epub 2006 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glucose/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Surface Properties
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ongoing threats to endemic species (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, J Michael -- Goble, Dale D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Erythrina/growth & development/*parasitology ; Hawaii ; Wasps/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Migration and Dispersal. Sound sightings (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; *Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Telemetry
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    Planktonic foraminifera of the California Current reflect 20th-century warming (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: It is currently unclear whether observed pelagic ecosystem responses to ocean warming, such as a mid-1970s change in the eastern North Pacific, depart from typical ocean variability. We report variations in planktonic foraminifera from varved sediments off southern California spanning the past 1400 years. Increasing abundances of tropical/subtropical species throughout the 20th century reflect a warming trend superimposed on decadal-scale fluctuations. Decreasing abundances of temperate/subpolar species in the late 20th century indicate a deep, penetrative warming not observed in previous centuries. These results imply that 20th-century warming, apparently anthropogenic, has already affected lower trophic levels of the California Current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Field, David B -- Baumgartner, Timothy R -- Charles, Christopher D -- Ferreira-Bartrina, Vicente -- Ohman, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. dfield@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Eukaryota/classification ; *Geologic Sediments ; Greenhouse Effect ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Zooplankton/classification
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    Aquaculture in offshore zones (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flint, R Warren -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1875-6; author reply 1875-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquaculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Oceans and Seas ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Comment on "Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) persists in continental North America" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: We reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) persists in Arkansas (Fitzpatrick et al., Reports, 3 June 2005, p. 1460). None of the features described as diagnostic of the ivory-billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). Although we support efforts to find and protect ivory-billed woodpeckers, the video evidence does not demonstrate that the species persists in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibley, David A -- Bevier, Louis R -- Patten, Michael A -- Elphick, Chris S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1555; author reply 1555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Post Office Box 1031, Concord, MA 01742, USA. sibleyart@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arkansas ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Feathers/anatomy & histology ; Flight, Animal ; Pigmentation ; Video Recording ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Captive breeding and a threatened gecko (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kratochvil, Lukas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):915; author reply 915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Breeding ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; *Lizards/classification
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    Scholarly communication. Florida law bans academics from doing research in Cuba (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Cuba ; Environment ; Florida ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: Radiocarbon data from 150 archaeological excavations in the now hyper-arid Eastern Sahara of Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and Chad reveal close links between climatic variations and prehistoric occupation during the past 12,000 years. Synoptic multiple-indicator views for major time slices demonstrate the transition from initial settlement after the sudden onset of humid conditions at 8500 B.C.E. to the exodus resulting from gradual desiccation since 5300 B.C.E. Southward shifting of the desert margin helped trigger the emergence of pharaonic civilization along the Nile, influenced the spread of pastoralism throughout the continent, and affects sub-Saharan Africa to the present day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuper, Rudolph -- Kropelin, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):803-7. Epub 2006 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Collaborative Research Center 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Africa Research Unit, Jennerstrasse 8, 50823 Koln, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Animal Husbandry/history ; Archaeology ; Chad ; Civilization/*history ; *Climate ; *Cultural Evolution ; Desert Climate ; Egypt ; Emigration and Immigration ; Environment ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Humidity ; Libya ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Sudan
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    A swimming mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: A docodontan mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic of China possesses swimming and burrowing skeletal adaptations and some dental features for aquatic feeding. It is the most primitive taxon in the mammalian lineage known to have fur and has a broad, flattened, partly scaly tail analogous to that of modern beavers. We infer that docodontans were semiaquatic, convergent to the modern platypus and many Cenozoic placentals. This fossil demonstrates that some mammaliaforms, or proximal relatives to modern mammals, developed diverse locomotory and feeding adaptations and were ecomorphologically different from the majority of generalized small terrestrial Mesozoic mammalian insectivores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Qiang -- Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- Tabrum, Alan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1123-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 200017, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Dentition ; Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; *Fossils ; Hair/anatomy & histology ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Ribs/anatomy & histology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Swimming ; Tail/anatomy & histology ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Conservation biology. The lost world of the Kihansi toad (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biodiversity ; *Bufonidae/physiology ; Cell Line ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developed Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Rivers ; Tanzania ; Water Movements
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    Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesmeijer, J C -- Roberts, S P M -- Reemer, M -- Ohlemuller, R -- Edwards, M -- Peeters, T -- Schaffers, A P -- Potts, S G -- Kleukers, R -- Thomas, C D -- Settele, J -- Kunin, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):351-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology and Earth and Biosphere Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. j.c.biesmeijer@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Bees ; *Biodiversity ; *Diptera ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Flowers ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; *Plants ; *Pollen ; Population Dynamics
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    The importance of demographic niches to tree diversity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: Most ecological hypotheses about species coexistence hinge on species differences, but quantifying trait differences across species in diverse communities is often unfeasible. We examined the variation of demographic traits using a global tropical forest data set covering 4500 species in 10 large-scale tree inventories. With a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we quantified the distribution of mortality and growth rates of all tree species at each site. This allowed us to test the prediction that demographic differences facilitate species richness, as suggested by the theory that a tradeoff between high growth and high survival allows species to coexist. Contrary to the prediction, the most diverse forests had the least demographic variation. Although demographic differences may foster coexistence, they do not explain any of the 16-fold variation in tree species richness observed across the tropics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Condit, Richard -- Ashton, Peter -- Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh -- Dattaraja, H S -- Davies, Stuart -- Esufali, Shameema -- Ewango, Corneille -- Foster, Robin -- Gunatilleke, I A U N -- Gunatilleke, C V S -- Hall, Pamela -- Harms, Kyle E -- Hart, Terese -- Hernandez, Consuelo -- Hubbell, Stephen -- Itoh, Akira -- Kiratiprayoon, Somboon -- Lafrankie, James -- de Lao, Suzanne Loo -- Makana, Jean-Remy -- Noor, Md Nur Supardi -- Kassim, Abdul Rahman -- Russo, Sabrina -- Sukumar, Raman -- Samper, Cristian -- Suresh, Hebbalalu S -- Tan, Sylvester -- Thomas, Sean -- Valencia, Renato -- Vallejo, Martha -- Villa, Gorky -- Zillio, Tommaso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):98-101. Epub 2006 Jun 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. condit@ctfs.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Americas ; Asia ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; India ; Models, Statistical ; Normal Distribution ; Seasons ; *Trees/growth & development ; Weather
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    Nannoplankton extinction and origination across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approximately 55 million years ago) was an interval of global warming and ocean acidification attributed to rapid release and oxidation of buried carbon. We show that the onset of the PETM coincided with a prominent increase in the origination and extinction of calcareous phytoplankton. Yet major perturbation of the surface-water saturation state across the PETM was not detrimental to the survival of most calcareous nannoplankton taxa and did not impart a calcification or ecological bias to the pattern of evolutionary turnover. Instead, the rate of environmental change appears to have driven turnover, preferentially affecting rare taxa living close to their viable limits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Samantha J -- Bown, Paul R -- Sessa, Jocelyn A -- Bralower, Timothy J -- Wilson, Paul A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1770-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. sxg@noc.soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; New Jersey ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; *Phytoplankton/classification ; *Plankton/classification ; Rivers ; Temperature
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    Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on 4.5 kilobases of sequence data from six gene regions extracted from 139 of the 288 described extant genera, representing 19 of the 20 subfamilies. All but two subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic. Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. This period also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreau, Corrie S -- Bell, Charles D -- Vila, Roger -- Archibald, S Bruce -- Pierce, Naomi E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmoreau@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; Animals ; Ants/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; *Phylogeny ; Time ; Trees
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    Ecology. Pollinator diversity declining in Europe (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bees ; *Biodiversity ; *Diptera ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; *Plants ; *Pollen ; Population Dynamics
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    Changes in North Atlantic radiocarbon reservoir ages during the Allerod and Younger Dryas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: Estimates of the radiocarbon age of seawater are required in correlations between marine and terrestrial records of the late Quaternary climate. We radiocarbon-dated marine shells and terrestrial plant remains deposited in two bays on Norway's west coast between 11,000 and 14,000 years ago, a time of large and abrupt climatic changes that included the Younger Dryas (YD) cold episode. The radiocarbon age difference between the shells and the plants showed that sea surface reservoir ages increased from 400 to 600 years in the early YD, stabilized for 900 years, and dropped by 300 years within a century across the YD-Holocene transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bondevik, Stein -- Mangerud, Jan -- Birks, Hilary H -- Gulliksen, Steinar -- Reimer, Paula -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1514-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. stein.bondevik@ig.uit.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Environment ; *Geologic Sediments ; Marine Biology ; *Plants ; *Seawater ; Time
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    Epidemiology. Bush administration decides it can't afford children's study (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Child ; *Child Welfare ; Environment ; *Epidemiology ; *Health Status ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; United States/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Looking at biofuels and bioenergy (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalgaard, Tommy -- Jorgensen, Uffe -- Olesen, Jorgen E -- Jensen, Erik Steen -- Kristensen, Erik Steen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1743-4; author reply 1743-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Biomass ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Connectivity in marine protected areas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Michael N -- Grosberg, Richard K -- Botsford, Louis W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):43-5; author reply 43-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On purpose in conservation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodwell, George M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):52-4; author reply 52-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global biodiversity conservation priorities (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: The location of and threats to biodiversity are distributed unevenly, so prioritization is essential to minimize biodiversity loss. To address this need, biodiversity conservation organizations have proposed nine templates of global priorities over the past decade. Here, we review the concepts, methods, results, impacts, and challenges of these prioritizations of conservation practice within the theoretical irreplaceability/vulnerability framework of systematic conservation planning. Most of the templates prioritize highly irreplaceable regions; some are reactive (prioritizing high vulnerability), and others are proactive (prioritizing low vulnerability). We hope this synthesis improves understanding of these prioritization approaches and that it results in more efficient allocation of geographically flexible conservation funding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, T M -- Mittermeier, R A -- da Fonseca, G A B -- Gerlach, J -- Hoffmann, M -- Lamoreux, J F -- Mittermeier, C G -- Pilgrim, J D -- Rodrigues, A S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation International, 1919 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. t.brooks@conservation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Financial Support ; Geography ; Humans ; Invertebrates ; Mammals ; Plants ; Population Density ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Offshore aquaculture legislation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naylor, Rosamond -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Oceans and Seas ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Post-fire logging debate ignores many issues (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DellaSala, Dominick A -- Karr, James R -- Schoennagel, Tania -- Perry, Dave -- Noss, Reed F -- Lindenmayer, David -- Beschta, Robert -- Hutto, Richard L -- Swanson, Mark E -- Evans, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fires ; *Forestry ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Are global conservation efforts successful? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Ana S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB4 1AD, UK. aslr2@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Property rights and ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yandle, Tracy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):593-5; author reply 593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Ownership ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wildlife conservation. River dolphins down for the count, and perhaps out (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Dolphins ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Population Density ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers ; Water Pollution
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Energy returns on ethanol production (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagens, Nathan -- Costanza, Robert -- Mulder, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1746-8; author reply 1746-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; *Ethanol ; Fossil Fuels ; *Zea mays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid temporal reversal in predator-driven natural selection (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-18
    Description: As the environment changes, will species be able to adapt? By conducting experiments in natural environments, biologists can study how evolutionary processes such as natural selection operate through time. We predicted that the introduction of a terrestrial predator would first select for longer-legged lizards, which are faster, but as the lizards shifted onto high twigs to avoid the predator, selection would reverse toward favoring the shorter-legged individuals better able to locomote there. Our experimental studies on 12 islets confirmed these predictions within a single generation, thus demonstrating the rapidity with which evolutionary forces can change during times of environmental flux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Losos, Jonathan B -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Langerhans, R Brian -- Spiller, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Box 1137, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA. jlosos@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bahamas ; *Biological Evolution ; Brazil ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted 〉90% of formerly important species, destroyed 〉65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotze, Heike K -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Bourque, Bruce J -- Bradbury, Roger H -- Cooke, Richard G -- Kay, Matthew C -- Kidwell, Susan M -- Kirby, Michael X -- Peterson, Charles H -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. hlotze@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*history ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eutrophication ; Geography ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities/history ; Humans ; *Invertebrates ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Vertebrates ; *Water ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Strong top-down control in southern California kelp forest ecosystems (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Global-scale changes in anthropogenic nutrient input into marine ecosystems via terrestrial runoff, coupled with widespread predator removal via fishing, have created greater urgency for understanding the relative role of top-down versus bottom-up control of food web dynamics. Yet recent large-scale studies of community regulation in marine ecosystems have shown dramatically different results that leave this issue largely unresolved. We combined a multiyear, large-scale data set of species abundances for 46 species in kelp forests from the California Channel Islands with satellite-derived primary production and found that top-down control explains 7- to 10-fold more of the variance in abundance of bottom and mid-trophic levels than does bottom-up control. This top-down control was propagated via a variety of species-level direct and indirect responses to predator abundance. Management of top-down influences such as fishing may be more important in coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in kelp forest systems, than is commonly thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Cottenie, Karl -- Broitman, Bernardo R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eukaryota ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Geography ; Invertebrates ; *Kelp ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; *Seawater
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    A nearly modern amphibious bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Three-dimensional specimens of the volant fossil bird Gansus yumenensis from the Early Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of northwestern China demonstrate that this taxon possesses advanced anatomical features previously known only in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic ornithuran birds. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Gansus within the Ornithurae, making it the oldest known member of the clade. The Xiagou Formation preserves the oldest known ornithuromorph-dominated avian assemblage. The anatomy of Gansus, like that of other non-neornithean (nonmodern) ornithuran birds, indicates specialization for an amphibious life-style, supporting the hypothesis that modern birds originated in aquatic or littoral niches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉You, Hai-Lu -- Lamanna, Matthew C -- Harris, Jerald D -- Chiappe, Luis M -- O'connor, Jingmai -- Ji, Shu-An -- Lu, Jun-Chang -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- Li, Da-Qing -- Zhang, Xing -- Lacovara, Kenneth J -- Dodson, Peter -- Ji, Qiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1640-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/*classification/physiology ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; China ; Environment ; Feathers/anatomy & histology ; Femur/anatomy & histology ; Flight, Animal ; *Fossils ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Humerus/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Phylogeny ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Toes/anatomy & histology ; Water ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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    Ice record of delta13C for atmospheric CH4 across the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: We report atmospheric methane carbon isotope ratios (delta13CH4) from the Western Greenland ice margin spanning the Younger Dryas-to-Preboreal (YD-PB) transition. Over the recorded approximately 800 years, delta13CH4 was around -46 per mil (per thousand); that is, approximately 1 per thousand higher than in the modern atmosphere and approximately 5.5 per thousand higher than would be expected from budgets without 13C-rich anthropogenic emissions. This requires higher natural 13C-rich emissions or stronger sink fractionation than conventionally assumed. Constant delta13CH4 during the rise in methane concentration at the YD-PB transition is consistent with additional emissions from tropical wetlands, or aerobic plant CH4 production, or with a multisource scenario. A marine clathrate source is unlikely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Hinrich -- Whiticar, Michael J -- Brook, Edward J -- Petrenko, Vasilii V -- Ferretti, Dominic F -- Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1109-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055, V8W 3P6, Canada. schaefeh@geo.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmosphere ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Greenland ; Ice/*analysis ; Methane/*analysis/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Time
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    Seeking sustainability: Israel's evolving water management strategy (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: The water management policies adopted to address Israel's chronic scarcity have not been without environmental consequences. Yet, through a trial-and-error process, a combined strategy of water transport, rainwater harvesting, and wastewater reuse and desalination, along with a variety of water conservation measures, have put the country on a more sustainable path for the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tal, Alon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1081-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel. alontal@bgu.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Israel ; *Public Health ; Rivers ; Sewage ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Water Pollutants/analysis ; *Water Purification ; *Water Supply/standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Paleontology. Early mammalian evolutionary experiments (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1109-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammal Section, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. tmartin@senckenberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Dentition ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Hair ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Paleontology ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Swimming ; Tail/anatomy & histology ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical compounds is one of the key environmental problems facing humanity. Although most of these compounds are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable toxicological concerns, particularly when present as components of complex mixtures. Here we review three scientific challenges in addressing water-quality problems caused by such micropollutants. First, tools to assess the impact of these pollutants on aquatic life and human health must be further developed and refined. Second, cost-effective and appropriate remediation and water-treatment technologies must be explored and implemented. Third, usage and disposal strategies, coupled with the search for environmentally more benign products and processes, should aim to minimize introduction of critical pollutants into the aquatic environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarzenbach, Rene P -- Escher, Beate I -- Fenner, Kathrin -- Hofstetter, Thomas B -- Johnson, C Annette -- von Gunten, Urs -- Wehrli, Bernhard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1072-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. rene.schwarzenbach@env.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Complex Mixtures/analysis/toxicity ; Developing Countries ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/classification/metabolism/toxicity ; *Water Pollution/prevention & control ; *Water Purification/methods ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. A renaissance in the study of abundance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGill, Brian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):770-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada. mail@brianmcgill.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; Environment ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline. However, many important environmental effects of biofuel production are poorly understood. New metrics that measure specific resource inputs are developed, but further research into environmental metrics is needed. Nonetheless, it is already clear that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farrell, Alexander E -- Plevin, Richard J -- Turner, Brian T -- Jones, Andrew D -- O'Hare, Michael -- Kammen, Daniel M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3050, USA. aef@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biotechnology ; *Cellulose/metabolism ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; *Ethanol/metabolism ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Zea mays/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: We developed a quantitative method, analogous to those used in statistical mechanics, to predict how biodiversity will vary across environments, which plant species from a species pool will be found in which relative abundances in a given environment, and which plant traits determine community assembly. This provides a scaling from plant traits to ecological communities while bypassing the complications of population dynamics. Our method treats community development as a sorting process involving species that are ecologically equivalent except with respect to particular functional traits, which leads to a constrained random assembly of species; the relative abundance of each species adheres to a general exponential distribution as a function of its traits. Using data for eight functional traits of 30 herbaceous species and community-aggregated values of these traits in 12 sites along a 42-year chronosequence of secondary succession, we predicted 94% of the variance in the relative abundances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shipley, Bill -- Vile, Denis -- Garnier, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):812-4. Epub 2006 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Biologie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada. bill.shipley@usherbrooke.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; France ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants/genetics ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Industrial Environment Dimension in the Process of Sustainable Development in Ivory Coast (2005)
    UNIDO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: While industrial growth is mainly a function of market forces, governments actively pursue policies and activities to accelerate industrialization. These policies, directly or indirectly, affect the natural environment. Sound industrial and environmental policies are not incompatible, even though it is difficult task either to set and enforce at the same time environmental standard that do not have some negative impact on industrial development options, or to formulate industrial policies that take environmental issues fully into account. The objective of this study is to elaborate a national assessment for the purpose of the industrial environment overview in the process of sustainable development in Côte d’Ivoire which is a part of the systematic assessment of the implementation of Agenda 21 in Côte d’Ivoire
    Description: UNIDO
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ivory Coast ; Environment ; Industrialization ; Industrialization ; Environments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    Environment And Sustainable Development; The Role Of The Engineer (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Today when the world stands on the threshold of a new era of ecological awareness and environmental activism it is important to have a clear understanding sustainable development. Different ways of explaining the term, "sustainable development" are discussed. In southern African regions problems of population growth and unbalanced distribution of population are continuously focussing problems to the planners. The impact of sustainability on environment is very well described. In most of urban areas in southern African countries the water is heavily polluted with domestic sewage, industrial effluents and solid wastes. A detailed study in this aspect is made. Rural-urban interface for sustainable development is described with particular relevance southern African regions. A case study of Delhi, Capital City of India is taken for example. Cities grow as fast as they do because of reasons mentioned in the paper. Larger the stock of skilled labour, greater the attraction for investors, greater the employment opportunities and consequently greater the migration from rural to the vicious urban circle. Thus the city expands without check and grows like cancer, exploding in size and in congestion until ultimately it becomes financially, environmentally and humanly unsustainable. Therefore it becomes necessary for habitat redesign for sustainability. Finally attention is focussed on the role engineers towards sustainable development. Many of the aspects of engineering discussed in this article are fundamental to the quality of life of clean and efficient city. No area of human activity will gain more from efficient use materials and reduction of pollution. But this is the time to remember that the objective of cities as of sustainable development, is quality of life and that engineering has an enormous role to play in this vital area.
    Keywords: Sustainable development ; Role of engineers ; Environment ; Rural-urban interface ; Environment ; Sustainable development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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    Enhancing environmental awareness through marine education (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Throughout this colloquium reference has been made to a number of environmental problems, most of them due to human activities (e.g. clearing mangrove forests, dynamite fishing, sewage pollution, etc.). While attempts are being made to correct these problems through new legislation and educating adults in more environmentally friendly practices, it is my thesis that we should be putting much more effort into the environmental education of young, school-age children since such efforts will, in the long run, have the greater impact on environmental awareness.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Education ; Environment ; Marine environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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    Country Profile On Environment : Kenya (2005)
    JICA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environment ; Environments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    Biologie et exploitation du poulpe Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) des côtes mauritaniennes. (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: L’étude porte sur l’exploitation, la biologie et la dynamique du poulpe (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier) des eaux mauritaniennes. La répartition spatio-temporelle dans la région du Cap Blanc ne semble être liée ni à la taille, ni au sexe, mais varie au cours de l’année. L’analyse de l’état actuel de la pêcherie basée sur les congélateurs céphalopodiers met en évidence une augmentation de l’effort de pêche et la poursuite de chute des p.u.e. La composition des captures révèle une progression du pourcentage des individus de poids inférieur à 200 grammes (« poulpo »). L’étude biologique montre qu’il existe deux saisons de reproduction par an (mai-juillet et septembre-novembre) qui engendrent deux recrutements, l’un en mai et l’autre à partir de septembre. La croissance pondérale a été obtenue sur les des distributions de fréquences de poids. Une transformation des poids en longueurs a permis de déterminer les paramètres de l’équation de VON BERTALANFFY pour chaque cohorte. Après détermination des coefficients de mortalité naturelle et par pêche, les résultats obtenus par le modèle global et le modèle de RICKER sont discutés. La mise en œuvre d’un modèle global montre que le niveau actuel des captures est proche de la prise maximale équilibrée et que l’effort de pêche ne doit pas être augmenté. //
    Description: This study deals with the exploitation, the biology and the dynamics of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier) in Mauritanian waters. In the Cap Blanc region, the spatio-temporal distribution appears to be independent of the length and sex but variable through the year. The analysis of the present state of the fishery reveals an increase of the fishing effort and continuous decrease of the catch per unit effort. An increase of the small individuals, with weight under 200 g (“poulpo”), can be seen from catches composition. The biological study shows that there are two spawning seasons (May-July and September-November) which allow two recruitments in May and September. The growth parameters of the VON BERTALANFFY equation are calculated from the transformed weights in lengths. The calculated mortality coefficients are used in a RICKER’s model of yield per recruit and the results are discussed. The use of a generalized production model shows that the present catch is very close to the maximum sustainable yield. Therefore, one would aware to prevent an increase of the fishing effort.
    Description: IMROP
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Reproduction ; Common octopus ; Population dynamics ; Environnement ; Dynamique de population ; Exploitation ; Environment ; Poulpe ; ZEE Mauritanienne ; Distribution ; Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone ; Biologie ; Croissance ; Growth ; Octopus vulgaris ; Biology ; Octopus fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
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    Elephants, ecology, and nonequilibrium? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illius, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):674; author reply 674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants ; Environment ; *Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Fish moved by warming waters (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inman, Mason -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; North Sea ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Territorial behavior is expected to buffer populations against short-term environmental perturbations, but we have found that group living in African lions causes a complex response to long-term ecological change. Despite numerous gradual changes in prey availability and vegetative cover, regional populations of Serengeti lions remained stable for 10- to 20-year periods and only shifted to new equilibria in sudden leaps. Although gradually improving environmental conditions provided sufficient resources to permit the subdivision of preexisting territories, regional lion populations did not expand until short-term conditions supplied enough prey to generate large cohorts of surviving young. The results of a simulation model show that the observed pattern of "saltatory equilibria" results from the lions' grouping behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Packer, Craig -- Hilborn, Ray -- Mosser, Anna -- Kissui, Bernard -- Borner, Markus -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Wilmshurst, John -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. packer@cbs.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Antelopes ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Social Behavior ; Stochastic Processes ; Tanzania ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Debating whale sanctuaries (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papastavrou, Vassili -- Leaper, Russell -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):51-2; author reply 51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; International Cooperation ; Oceans and Seas ; Public Policy ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecosystem service supply and vulnerability to global change in Europe (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: Global change will alter the supply of ecosystem services that are vital for human well-being. To investigate ecosystem service supply during the 21st century, we used a range of ecosystem models and scenarios of climate and land-use change to conduct a Europe-wide assessment. Large changes in climate and land use typically resulted in large changes in ecosystem service supply. Some of these trends may be positive (for example, increases in forest area and productivity) or offer opportunities (for example, "surplus land" for agricultural extensification and bioenergy production). However, many changes increase vulnerability as a result of a decreasing supply of ecosystem services (for example, declining soil fertility, declining water availability, increasing risk of forest fires), especially in the Mediterranean and mountain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schroter, Dagmar -- Cramer, Wolfgang -- Leemans, Rik -- Prentice, I Colin -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Arnell, Nigel W -- Bondeau, Alberte -- Bugmann, Harald -- Carter, Timothy R -- Gracia, Carlos A -- de la Vega-Leinert, Anne C -- Erhard, Markus -- Ewert, Frank -- Glendining, Margaret -- House, Joanna I -- Kankaanpaa, Susanna -- Klein, Richard J T -- Lavorel, Sandra -- Lindner, Marcus -- Metzger, Marc J -- Meyer, Jeannette -- Mitchell, Timothy D -- Reginster, Isabelle -- Rounsevell, Mark -- Sabate, Santi -- Sitch, Stephen -- Smith, Ben -- Smith, Jo -- Smith, Pete -- Sykes, Martin T -- Thonicke, Kirsten -- Thuiller, Wilfried -- Tuck, Gill -- Zaehle, Sonke -- Zierl, Barbel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1333-7. Epub 2005 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. dagmar.schroeter@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Carbon ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Europe ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Models, Theoretical ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Trees/growth & development ; Urban Population ; Water Supply ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over 30 bird-years reveals three distinct strategies: (i) Stay in breeding home range; (ii) make return migrations to a specific area of the southwest Indian Ocean; and (iii) make one or more global circumnavigations (the fastest in just 46 days). The consistencies in patterns, routes, and timings offer the first hope of identifying areas of critical habitat for nonbreeding albatrosses, wherein appropriate management of longline fisheries might alleviate the plight of the world's most threatened family of birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Croxall, John P -- Silk, Janet R D -- Phillips, Richard A -- Afanasyev, Vsevolod -- Briggs, Dirk R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. jpcr@bas.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Breeding ; Environment ; Female ; *Homing Behavior ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution 2005 meeting. Color genes help mice and lizards (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):374-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Lizards/*genetics ; Peromyscus/*genetics ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. North Atlantic right whales in crisis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Soil invertebrates disrupt carbon flow through fungal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Annual carbon flux through soil respiration is ten times greater than fossil fuel combustion, but its component parts are poorly understood because they are the product of complex multitrophic interactions between soil organisms. A major component of carbon flux from plants to soil occurs through networks of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we show that natural densities of the numerically dominant fungal feeding invertebrate Protaphorura armata (order Collembola) reduces 13C enrichment of mycorrhizosphere respiration by 32%. Our findings emphasize the importance of multitrophic interactions in regulating respiration of recent plant photosynthate from soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David -- Krsek, Martin -- Wellington, Elizabeth M H -- Stott, Andrew W -- Cole, Lisa -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Read, David J -- Leake, Jonathan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. D.Johnson@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Scotland ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neutral ecological theory reveals isolation and rapid speciation in a biodiversity hot spot (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: South Africa's Mediterranean-climate fynbos shrubland is a hot spot of species diversity, but its diversity patterns contrast strongly with other high-diversity areas, including the Amazon rain forest. With its extremely high levels of endemism and species turnover, fynbos is made up of dissimilar local communities that are species-rich but relatively poor in rare species. Using neutral ecological theory, we show that the relative species-abundance distributions in fynbos can be explained by migration rates that are two orders of magnitude lower than they are in tropical rain forests. Speciation rates, which are indexed by the "biodiversity parameter" Theta, are estimated to be higher than they are in any previously examined plant system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latimer, Andrew M -- Silander, John A Jr -- Cowling, Richard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. latimer@uconn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Likelihood Functions ; Phylogeny ; *Plants/classification ; Rain ; Seasons ; South Africa ; *Trees/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The past and future of extant amphibians (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delfino, Massimo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):49-50; author reply 49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15818797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Amphibians/classification/physiology ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bacteria and island biogeography (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Edward A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):1997-9; author reply 1997-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16184629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/genetics/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fagus/microbiology ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Rain ; Temperature ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: A key unresolved question in population ecology concerns the relationship between a population's size and its growth rate. We estimated this relationship for 1780 time series of mammals, birds, fish, and insects. We found that rates of population growth are high at low population densities but, contrary to previous predictions, decline rapidly with increasing population size and then flatten out, for all four taxa. This produces a strongly concave relationship between a population's growth rate and its size. These findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of animals' lives, suggesting in particular that many animals in these taxa will be found living at densities above the carrying capacity of their environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibly, Richard M -- Barker, Daniel -- Denham, Michael C -- Hone, Jim -- Pagel, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: The Karoo basin of South Africa exposes a succession of Upper Permian to Lower Triassic terrestrial strata containing abundant terrestrial vertebrate fossils. Paleomagnetic/magnetostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data allow sections to be correlated across the basin. With this stratigraphy, the vertebrate fossil data show a gradual extinction in the Upper Permian punctuated by an enhanced extinction pulse at the Permian-Triassic boundary interval, particularly among the dicynodont therapsids, coinciding with negative carbon-isotope anomalies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, Peter D -- Botha, Jennifer -- Buick, Roger -- De Kock, Michiel O -- Erwin, Douglas H -- Garrison, Geoffrey H -- Kirschvink, Joseph L -- Smith, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):709-14. Epub 2005 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. argo@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Magnetics ; Plants ; South Africa ; Time ; *Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. Attractors in memory (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poucet, Bruno -- Save, Etienne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):799-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cognition, CNRS-Universite Aix-Marseille, Centre Saint-Charles, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. bpoucet@up.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Environment ; Form Perception ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Orientation ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: the Lost City hydrothermal field (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids, with temperatures ranging from 〈40 degrees to 90 degrees C at pH 9 to 11, and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Deborah S -- Karson, Jeffrey A -- Fruh-Green, Gretchen L -- Yoerger, Dana R -- Shank, Timothy M -- Butterfield, David A -- Hayes, John M -- Schrenk, Matthew O -- Olson, Eric J -- Proskurowski, Giora -- Jakuba, Mike -- Bradley, Al -- Larson, Ben -- Ludwig, Kristin -- Glickson, Deborah -- Buckman, Kate -- Bradley, Alexander S -- Brazelton, William J -- Roe, Kevin -- Elend, Mitch J -- Delacour, Adelie -- Bernasconi, Stefano M -- Lilley, Marvin D -- Baross, John A -- Summons, Roger E -- Sylva, Sean P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1428-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kelley@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbonates ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry/microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Invertebrates ; Lipids/analysis ; Methane/analysis/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater
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    Problems of studying extinction risks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harcourt, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1276-8; author reply 1276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Problems of studying extinction risks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putland, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1276-8; author reply 1276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    Conservation policy. House revises Endangered Species Act (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Iraqi science. In the line of fire (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Biomedical Research ; Environment ; Humans ; Iraq ; Libraries, Digital ; Neoplasms ; Public Health ; Radiation Effects ; Radiation Monitoring ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; Security Measures ; Violence ; Warfare
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    Ecology. Untangling an entangled bank (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Storch, David -- Marquet, Pablo A -- Gaston, Kevin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):684-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, 110 00-CZ Praha 1, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fractals ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes ; Temperature
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    Ecology. Biologists find new species of African monkey (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Cercocebus/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Population Density ; Tanzania ; Trees ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 85
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    Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial late Permian extinctions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: A catastrophic extinction occurred at the end of the Permian Period. However, baseline extinction rates appear to have been elevated even before the final catastrophe, suggesting sustained environmental degradation. For terrestrial vertebrates during the Late Permian, the combination of a drop in atmospheric oxygen plus climate warming would have induced hypoxic stress and consequently compressed altitudinal ranges to near sea level. Our simulations suggest that the magnitude of altitudinal compression would have forced extinctions by reducing habitat diversity, fragmenting and isolating populations, and inducing a species-area effect. It also might have delayed ecosystem recovery after the mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huey, Raymond B -- Ward, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):398-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. hueyrb@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; Animals ; *Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Computer Simulation ; Crowding ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fossils ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Oxygen/analysis ; Population Density ; Respiration ; Temperature ; Time ; Vertebrates/*physiology
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    Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Long-bone histology indicates that the most common early dinosaur, the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, had variable life histories. Although Plateosaurus grew at the fast rates typical for dinosaurs, as indicated by fibrolamellar bone, qualitative (growth stop) and quantitative (growth-mark counts) features of its histology are poorly correlated with body size. Individual life histories of P. engelhardti were influenced by environmental factors, as in modern ectothermic reptiles, but not in mammals, birds, or other dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sander, P Martin -- Klein, Nicole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1800-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Palaontologie, Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. martin.sander@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/*growth & development/physiology ; Environment ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Fossils ; Germany ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Switzerland
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    Ecology. Do the largest protected areas conserve whales or whalers? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerber, Leah R -- Hyrenbach, K David -- Zacharias, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. Leah.Gerber@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; *Public Policy ; *Whales
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    What determines species diversity? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Phylogeny ; Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Salt marshes in the southeastern United States have recently experienced massive die-off, one of many examples of widespread degradation in marine and coastal ecosystems. Although intense drought is thought to be the primary cause of this die-off, we found snail grazing to be a major contributing factor. Survey of marsh die-off areas in three states revealed high-density fronts of snails on die-off edges at 11 of 12 sites. Exclusion experiments demonstrated that snails actively converted marshes to exposed mudflats. Salt addition and comparative field studies suggest that drought-induced stress and grazers acted synergistically and to varying degrees to cause initial plant death. After these disturbances, snail fronts formed on die-off edges and subsequently propagated through healthy marsh, leading to cascading vegetation loss. These results, combined with model analyses, reveal strong interactions between increasing climatic stress and grazer pressure, both potentially related to human environmental impacts, which amplify the likelihood and intensity of runaway collapse in these coastal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silliman, Brian R -- van de Koppel, Johan -- Bertness, Mark D -- Stanton, Lee E -- Mendelssohn, Irving A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1803-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. brs@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Climate ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Georgia ; Louisiana ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Population Density ; Snails/*physiology ; *Sodium Chloride ; *Soil ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geology. The calibration of Ediacaran time (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, Alan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):59-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geology Department and the Earth Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. kaufman@geol.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Carbonates/analysis ; China ; Environment ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Oxygen ; Time ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Life on the early Earth: a sedimentary view (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westall, Frances -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):366-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orleans cedex 2, France. westall@cnrs-orleans.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaea ; Australia ; *Bacteria ; Biofilms ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Life ; Microbiological Techniques/instrumentation ; South Africa
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  • 92
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    Global mammal conservation: what must we manage? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: We present a global conservation analysis for an entire "flagship" taxon, land mammals. A combination of rarity, anthropogenic impacts, and political endemism has put about a quarter of terrestrial mammal species, and a larger fraction of their populations, at risk of extinction. A new global database and complementarity analysis for selecting priority areas for conservation shows that approximately 11% of Earth's land surface should be managed for conservation to preserve at least 10% of terrestrial mammal geographic ranges. Different approaches, from protection (or establishment) of reserves to countryside biogeographic enhancement of human-dominated landscapes, will be required to approach this minimal goal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ceballos, Gerardo -- Ehrlich, Paul R -- Soberon, Jorge -- Salazar, Irma -- Fay, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):603-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico. gceballo@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wildlife biology. 'Genetic rescue' helps panthers but puts researchers on the spot (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Female ; Florida ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Inbreeding ; Male ; *Panthera/genetics ; Population Growth ; Publishing ; *Puma/genetics ; Survival Rate ; Texas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Forest conservation. Learning to adapt (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):688-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Budgets ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forestry ; *Industry ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; Strigiformes ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States Government Agencies ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Ecology. Population dynamics: growing to extremes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, John D -- Freckleton, Robert P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):567-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. reynolds@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Macroevolution. Seeds of diversity (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erwin, Douglas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1752-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 37012,Washington, DC 20013, USA. erwind@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Atlantic Islands ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Hawaii ; Plants ; Population Density ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Assortative mating as a mechanism for rapid evolution of a migratory divide (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-22
    Description: There have been numerous recent observations of changes in the behavior and dynamics of migratory bird populations, but the plasticity of the migratory trait and our inability to track small animals over large distances have hindered investigation of the mechanisms behind migratory change. We used habitat-specific stable isotope signatures to show that recently evolved allopatric wintering populations of European blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla pair assortatively on their sympatric breeding grounds. Birds wintering further north also produce larger clutches and fledge more young. These findings describe an important process in the evolution of migratory divides, new migration routes, and wintering quarters. Temporal segregation of breeding is a way in which subpopulations of vertebrates may become isolated in sympatry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bearhop, Stuart -- Fiedler, Wolfgang -- Furness, Robert W -- Votier, Stephen C -- Waldron, Susan -- Newton, Jason -- Bowen, Gabriel J -- Berthold, Peter -- Farnsworth, Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):502-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Biological Centre, Lisburn Road, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT6 7BL, UK. s.bearhop@qub.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Environment ; Europe ; Female ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes ; Male ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Larger islands house more bacterial taxa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-25
    Description: The power law that describes the relationship between species richness and area size is one of the few generalizations in ecology, but recent studies show that this relationship differs for microbes. We demonstrate that the natural bacterial communities inhabiting small aquatic islands (treeholes) do indeed follow the species-area law. The result requires a re-evaluation of the current understanding of how natural microbial communities operate and implies that analogous processes structure both microbial communities and communities of larger organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, Thomas -- Ager, Duane -- Song, Ji-Inn -- Newman, Jonathan A -- Thompson, Ian P -- Lilley, Andrew K -- van der Gast, Christopher J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Microbial Ecology Section, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15976296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/genetics/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fagus/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Ecology. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernhardt, E S -- Palmer, M A -- Allan, J D -- Alexander, G -- Barnas, K -- Brooks, S -- Carr, J -- Clayton, S -- Dahm, C -- Follstad-Shah, J -- Galat, D -- Gloss, S -- Goodwin, P -- Hart, D -- Hassett, B -- Jenkinson, R -- Katz, S -- Kondolf, G M -- Lake, P S -- Lave, R -- Meyer, J L -- O'donnell, T K -- Pagano, L -- Powell, B -- Sudduth, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Rivers ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Evolution of oxygen secretion in fishes and the emergence of a complex physiological system (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: We have reconstructed the events that led to the evolution of a key physiological innovation underpinning the large adaptive radiation of fishes, namely their unique ability to secrete molecular oxygen (O2). We show that O2 secretion into the swimbladder evolved some 100 million years after another O2-secreting system in the eye. We unravel the likely sequence in which the functional components of both systems evolved. These components include ocular and swimbladder countercurrent exchangers, the Bohr and Root effects, the buffering power and surface histidine content of hemoglobins, and red blood cell Na+/H+ exchange activity. Our synthesis reveals the dynamics of gains and losses of these multiple traits over time, accounting for part of the huge diversity of form and function in living fishes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berenbrink, Michael -- Koldkjaer, Pia -- Kepp, Oliver -- Cossins, Andrew R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1752-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. michaelb@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Air Sacs/blood supply/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Buffers ; Capillaries/physiology ; Choroid/blood supply/physiology ; Diffusion ; Environment ; Erythrocytes/physiology ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Hemoglobins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Histidine/analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/blood/metabolism ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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