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  • Binding Sites  (63)
  • 2000-2004  (63)
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  • Articles  (63)
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  • 2000-2004  (63)
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
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    Enzymology. A moving story (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falke, Joseph J -- R01 GM040731/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics Program and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. falke@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cyclophilin A/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Visualization and functional analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lattices (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes of their eukaryotic hosts. Electron microscopy has revealed that purified poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase forms planar and tubular oligomeric arrays. The structural integrity of these arrays correlates with cooperative RNA binding and RNA elongation and is sensitive to mutations that disrupt intermolecular contacts predicted by the polymerase structure. Membranous vesicles isolated from poliovirus-infected cells contain structures consistent with the presence of two-dimensional polymerase arrays on their surfaces during infection. Therefore, host cytoplasmic membranes may function as physical foundations for two-dimensional polymerase arrays, conferring the advantages of surface catalysis to viral RNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyle, John M -- Bullitt, Esther -- Bienz, Kurt -- Kirkegaard, Karla -- AI-42119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2218-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Poliovirus/*enzymology/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Viral Core Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    BRCA2 function in DNA binding and recombination from a BRCA2-DSS1-ssDNA structure (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: Mutations in the BRCA2 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 2) tumor suppressor lead to chromosomal instability due to defects in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination, but BRCA2's role in this process has been unclear. Here, we present the 3.1 angstrom crystal structure of a approximately 90-kilodalton BRCA2 domain bound to DSS1, which reveals three oligonucleotide-binding (OB) folds and a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. We also (i) demonstrate that this BRCA2 domain binds single-stranded DNA, (ii) present its 3.5 angstrom structure bound to oligo(dT)9, (iii) provide data that implicate the HTH motif in dsDNA binding, and (iv) show that BRCA2 stimulates RAD51-mediated recombination in vitro. These findings establish that BRCA2 functions directly in homologous recombination and provide a structural and biochemical basis for understanding the loss of recombination-mediated DSB repair in BRCA2-associated cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Haijuan -- Jeffrey, Philip D -- Miller, Julie -- Kinnucan, Elspeth -- Sun, Yutong -- Thoma, Nicolas H -- Zheng, Ning -- Chen, Phang-Lang -- Lee, Wen-Hwa -- Pavletich, Nikola P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1837-48.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Sloan-Kettering Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Tackling cancer at the telomeres (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Caspases/genetics ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*therapy ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Telomerase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Structural insights into group II intron catalysis and branch-site selection (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: Group II self-splicing introns catalyze autoexcision from precursor RNA transcripts by a mechanism strikingly similar to that of the spliceosome, an RNA-protein assembly responsible for splicing together the protein-coding parts of most eukaryotic pre-mRNAs. Splicing in both cases initiates via nucleophilic attack at the 5' splice site by the 2' OH of a conserved intron adenosine residue, creating a branched (lariat) intermediate. Here, we describe the crystal structure at 3.0 A resolution of a 70-nucleotide RNA containing the catalytically essential domains 5 and 6 of the yeast ai5gamma group II self-splicing intron, revealing an unexpected two-nucleotide bulged structure around the branch-point adenosine in domain 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Lan -- Doudna, Jennifer A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2084-8. Epub 2002 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; CME-Carbodiimide/*analogs & derivatives ; Catalysis ; Cobalt/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Introns ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Point Mutation ; RNA Precursors/chemistry/metabolism ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Fungal/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 7
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    Regulation of corepressor function by nuclear NADH (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: The corepressor CtBP (carboxyl-terminal binding protein) is involved in transcriptional pathways important for development, cell cycle regulation, and transformation. We demonstrate that CtBP binding to cellular and viral transcriptional repressors is regulated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADH, with NADH being two to three orders of magnitude more effective. Levels of free nuclear nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, determined using two-photon microscopy, correspond to the levels required for half-maximal CtBP binding and are considerably lower than those previously reported. Agents capable of increasing NADH levels stimulate CtBP binding to its partners in vivo and potentiate CtBP-mediated repression. We propose that this ability to detect changes in nuclear NAD+/NADH ratio allows CtBP to serve as a redox sensor for transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qinghong -- Piston, David W -- Goodman, Richard H -- K01 CA096561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115468/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115468-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1895-7. Epub 2002 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cadherins/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 8
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    Structural biology. Not just another ABC transporter (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Amy L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1038-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. davidson@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Molecular ; *Periplasmic Binding Proteins ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Vitamin B 12/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Macromolecular architecture in eukaryotic cells visualized by cryoelectron tomography (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: Electron tomography of vitrified cells is a noninvasive three-dimensional imaging technique that opens up new vistas for exploring the supramolecular organization of the cytoplasm. We applied this technique to Dictyostelium cells, focusing on the actin cytoskeleton. In actin networks reconstructed without prior removal of membranes or extraction of soluble proteins, the cross-linking of individual microfilaments, their branching angles, and membrane attachment sites can be analyzed. At a resolution of 5 to 6 nanometers, single macromolecules with distinct shapes, such as the 26S proteasome, can be identified in an unperturbed cellular environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medalia, Ohad -- Weber, Igor -- Frangakis, Achilleas S -- Nicastro, Daniela -- Gerisch, Gunther -- Baumeister, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1209-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Actins/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cell Movement ; Dictyostelium/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ultrastructure ; Freezing ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Macromolecular Substances ; Microfilament Proteins/*ultrastructure ; Organelles/*ultrastructure ; Peptide Hydrolases/ultrastructure ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteome ; Protozoan Proteins/ultrastructure ; Ribosomes/ultrastructure ; Tomography/*methods
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  • 10
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    Molecular basis of proton motive force generation: structure of formate dehydrogenase-N (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: The structure of the membrane protein formate dehydrogenase-N (Fdn-N), a major component of Escherichia coli nitrate respiration, has been determined at 1.6 angstroms. The structure demonstrates 11 redox centers, including molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotides, five [4Fe-4S] clusters, two heme b groups, and a menaquinone analog. These redox centers are aligned in a single chain, which extends almost 90 angstroms through the enzyme. The menaquinone reduction site associated with a possible proton pathway was also characterized. This structure provides critical insights into the proton motive force generation by redox loop, a common mechanism among a wide range of respiratory enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jormakka, Mika -- Tornroth, Susanna -- Byrne, Bernadette -- Iwata, So -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1863-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Formate Dehydrogenases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Formates/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Molecular ; Nitrate Reductases/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; *Proton-Motive Force ; Protons ; Pterins/chemistry/metabolism ; Vitamin K 2/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 11
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    Metabolic enzymes of mycobacteria linked to antioxidant defense by a thioredoxin-like protein (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mounts a stubborn defense against oxidative and nitrosative components of the immune response. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd) and dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB) are components of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes that are central to intermediary metabolism. We find that Lpd and SucB support Mtb's antioxidant defense. The peroxiredoxin alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is linked to Lpd and SucB by an adaptor protein, AhpD. The 2.0 angstrom AhpD crystal structure reveals a thioredoxin-like active site that is responsive to lipoamide. We propose that Lpd, SucB (the only lipoyl protein detected in Mtb), AhpD, and AhpC together constitute a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)-dependent peroxidase and peroxynitrite reductase. AhpD thus represents a class of thioredoxin-like molecules that enables an antioxidant defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryk, R -- Lima, C D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Tempst, P -- Nathan, C -- HL61241/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1073-7. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antioxidants ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Thioctic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Thioredoxins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 12
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    Enzyme dynamics during catalysis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: Internal protein dynamics are intimately connected to enzymatic catalysis. However, enzyme motions linked to substrate turnover remain largely unknown. We have studied dynamics of an enzyme during catalysis at atomic resolution using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation methods. During catalytic action of the enzyme cyclophilin A, we detect conformational fluctuations of the active site that occur on a time scale of hundreds of microseconds. The rates of conformational dynamics of the enzyme strongly correlate with the microscopic rates of substrate turnover. The present results, together with available structural data, allow a prediction of the reaction trajectory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenmesser, Elan Zohar -- Bosco, Daryl A -- Akke, Mikael -- Kern, Dorothee -- GM62117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1520-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cyclophilin A/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Mathematics ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 13
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    Synthesis beyond the molecule (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Weak, noncovalent interactions between molecules control many biological functions. In chemistry, noncovalent interactions are now exploited for the synthesis in solution of large supramolecular aggregates. The aim of these syntheses is not only the creation of a particular structure, but also the introduction of specific chemical functions in these supramolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinhoudt, D N -- Crego-Calama, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2403-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, University of Twente, Post Office Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. d.n.reinhoudt@ct.utwente.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; *Chemistry/methods ; Chemistry, Physical ; Evolution, Chemical ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Nanotechnology ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Origin of Life ; Peptides/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Stereoisomerism ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 14
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    Sir2-dependent activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylation of active lysine (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (Acs) is an enzyme central to metabolism in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Acs synthesizes acetyl CoA from acetate, adenosine triphosphate, and CoA through an acetyl-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) intermediate. Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry analysis showed that Salmonella enterica Acs enzyme activity is posttranslationally regulated by acetylation of lysine-609. Acetylation blocks synthesis of the adenylate intermediate but does not affect the thioester-forming activity of the enzyme. Activation of the acetylated enzyme requires the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase activity of the CobB Sir2 protein from S. enterica. We propose that acetylation modulates the activity of all the AMP-forming family of enzymes, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases, luciferase, and aryl- and acyl-CoA synthetases. These findings extend our knowledge of the roles of Sir2 proteins in gene silencing, chromosome stability, and cell aging and imply that lysine acetylation is a common regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starai, V J -- Celic, I -- Cole, R N -- Boeke, J D -- Escalante-Semerena, J C -- 1S10-RR14702/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM62203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1567, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetate-CoA Ligase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Acetylation ; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Immunoblotting ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; NAD/metabolism ; Peptide Mapping ; Salmonella enterica/*enzymology/genetics ; Sirtuins/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    C-O bond formation by polyketide synthases (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Polyketide synthases (PKSs) assemble the polyketide carbon backbone by sequential decarboxylative condensation of acyl coenzyme A (CoA) precursors, and the C-C bond-forming step in this process is catalyzed by the beta-ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain or subunit. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the nonactin biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus revealed two KSs, NonJ and NonK, that are highly homologous to known KSs but catalyze sequential condensation of the acyl CoA substrates by forming C-O rather than C-C bonds. This chemistry can be used in PKS engineering to increase the scope and diversity of polyketide biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Hyung-Jin -- Smith, Wyatt C -- Scharon, A Janelle -- Hwang, Sung Hee -- Kurth, Mark J -- Shen, Ben -- AI51689/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08505/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Genes, Bacterial ; Macrolides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Subunits ; Sequence Alignment ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Streptomyces/genetics ; Streptomyces griseus/*enzymology/genetics ; Transformation, Bacterial
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  • 16
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    MAPKK-independent activation of p38alpha mediated by TAB1-dependent autophosphorylation of p38alpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) on specific tyrosine and threonine sites by MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) is thought to be the sole activation mechanism. Here, we report an unexpected activation mechanism for p38alpha MAPK that does not involve the prototypic kinase cascade. Rather it depends on interaction of p38alpha with TAB1 [transforming growth factor-beta-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 1] leading to autophosphorylation and activation of p38alpha. We detected formation of a TRAF6-TAB1-p38alpha complex and showed stimulus-specific TAB1-dependent and TAB1-independent p38alpha activation. These findings suggest that alternative activation pathways contribute to the biological responses of p38alpha to various stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ge, Baoxue -- Gram, Hermann -- Di Padova, Franco -- Huang, Betty -- New, Liguo -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- Luo, Ying -- Han, Jiahuai -- AI41637/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL07195/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1291-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6 ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptide Mapping ; Peroxynitrous Acid/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 17
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    Structure of a cofactor-deficient nitrogenase MoFe protein (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: One of the most complex biosynthetic processes in metallobiochemistry is the assembly of nitrogenase, the key enzyme in biological nitrogen fixation. We describe here the crystal structure of an iron-molybdenum cofactor-deficient form of the nitrogenase MoFe protein, into which the cofactor is inserted in the final step of MoFe protein assembly. The MoFe protein folds as a heterotetramer containing two copies each of the homologous alpha and beta subunits. In this structure, one of the three alpha subunit domains exhibits a substantially changed conformation, whereas the rest of the protein remains essentially unchanged. A predominantly positively charged funnel is revealed; this funnel is of sufficient size to accommodate insertion of the negatively charged cofactor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, Benedikt -- Ribbe, Markus W -- Einsle, Oliver -- Yoshida, Mika -- Thomas, Leonard M -- Dean, Dennis R -- Rees, Douglas C -- Burgess, Barbara K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):352-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 147-75CH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Azotobacter vinelandii/*enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molybdoferredoxin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Static Electricity ; Surface Properties
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  • 18
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    Structural basis for the transition from initiation to elongation transcription in T7 RNA polymerase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: To make messenger RNA transcripts, bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) undergoes a transition from an initiation phase, which only makes short RNA fragments, to a stable elongation phase. We have determined at 2.1 angstrom resolution the crystal structure of a T7 RNAP elongation complex with 30 base pairs of duplex DNA containing a "transcription bubble" interacting with a 17-nucleotide RNA transcript. The transition from an initiation to an elongation complex is accompanied by a major refolding of the amino-terminal 300 residues. This results in loss of the promoter binding site, facilitating promoter clearance, and creates a tunnel that surrounds the RNA transcript after it peels off a seven-base pair heteroduplex. Formation of the exit tunnel explains the enhanced processivity of the elongation complex. Downstream duplex DNA binds to the fingers domain, and its orientation relative to upstream DNA in the initiation complex implies an unwinding that could facilitate formation of the open promoter complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, Y Whitney -- Steitz, Thomas A -- GM57510/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1387-95. Epub 2002 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage T7/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/*chemistry/metabolism ; Taq Polymerase/chemistry ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins
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  • 19
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    C-cadherin ectodomain structure and implications for cell adhesion mechanisms (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate adhesion between cells in the solid tissues of animals. Here we present the 3.1 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the whole, functional extracellular domain from C-cadherin, a representative "classical" cadherin. The structure suggests a molecular mechanism for adhesion between cells by classical cadherins, and it provides a new framework for understanding both cis (same cell) and trans (juxtaposed cell) cadherin interactions. The trans adhesive interface is a twofold symmetric interaction defined by a conserved tryptophan side chain at the membrane-distal end of a cadherin molecule from one cell, which inserts into a hydrophobic pocket at the membrane-distal end of a cadherin molecule from the opposing cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boggon, Titus J -- Murray, John -- Chappuis-Flament, Sophie -- Wong, Ellen -- Gumbiner, Barry M -- Shapiro, Lawrence -- NCI-P30-CA-08784/CI/NCPDCID CDC HHS/ -- R01 GM062270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM52717/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1308-13. Epub 2002 Apr 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; Cadherins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cricetinae ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Glycosylation ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Tryptophan/chemistry ; Xenopus Proteins
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  • 20
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    Exosome-mediated recognition and degradation of mRNAs lacking a termination codon (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: One role of messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation is to maintain the fidelity of gene expression by degrading aberrant transcripts. Recent results show that mRNAs without translation termination codons are unstable in eukaryotic cells. We used yeast mutants to demonstrate that these "nonstop" mRNAs are degraded by the exosome in a 3'-to-5' direction. The degradation of nonstop transcripts requires the exosome-associated protein Ski7p. Ski7p is closely related to the translation elongation factor EF1A and the translation termination factor eRF3. This suggests that the recognition of nonstop mRNAs involves the binding of Ski7p to an empty aminoacyl-(RNA-binding) site (A site) on the ribosome, thereby bringing the exosome to a mRNA with a ribosome stalled near the 3' end. This system efficiently degrades mRNAs that are prematurely polyadenylated within the coding region and prevents their expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Hoof, Ambro -- Frischmeyer, Pamela A -- Dietz, Harry C -- Parker, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. : ambro@u.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Codon, Terminator/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *GTP-Binding Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Half-Life ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polyadenylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA 3' End Processing ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Deletion/*genetics
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  • 21
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    The E. coli BtuCD structure: a framework for ABC transporter architecture and mechanism (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: The ABC transporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that couple adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to the translocation of diverse substrates across cell membranes. Clinically relevant examples are associated with cystic fibrosis and with multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. Here, we report the crystal structure at 3.2 angstrom resolution of the Escherichia coli BtuCD protein, an ABC transporter mediating vitamin B12 uptake. The two ATP-binding cassettes (BtuD) are in close contact with each other, as are the two membrane-spanning subunits (BtuC); this arrangement is distinct from that observed for the E. coli lipid flippase MsbA. The BtuC subunits provide 20 transmembrane helices grouped around a translocation pathway that is closed to the cytoplasm by a gate region whereas the dimer arrangement of the BtuD subunits resembles the ATP-bound form of the Rad50 DNA repair enzyme. A prominent cytoplasmic loop of BtuC forms the contact region with the ATP-binding cassette and appears to represent a conserved motif among the ABC transporters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Locher, Kaspar P -- Lee, Allen T -- Rees, Douglas C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1091-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 147-75CH, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. locher@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism
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  • 22
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    Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: The crystal structure of the initiating form of Thermus aquaticus RNA polymerase, containing core RNA polymerase (alpha2betabeta'omega) and the promoter specificity sigma subunit, has been determined at 4 angstrom resolution. Important structural features of the RNA polymerase and their roles in positioning sigma within the initiation complex are delineated, as well as the role played by sigma in modulating the opening of the RNA polymerase active-site channel. The two carboxyl-terminal domains of sigma are separated by 45 angstroms on the surface of the RNA polymerase, but are linked by an extended loop. The loop winds near the RNA polymerase active site, where it may play a role in initiating nucleotide substrate binding, and out through the RNA exit channel. The advancing RNA transcript must displace the loop, leading to abortive initiation and ultimately to sigma release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Katsuhiko S -- Masuda, Shoko -- Darst, Seth A -- GM53759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61898/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1280-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sigma Factor/metabolism ; Thermus/*enzymology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 23
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    Structural basis of transcription initiation: an RNA polymerase holoenzyme-DNA complex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: The crystal structure of Thermus aquaticus RNA polymerase holoenzyme (alpha2betabeta'omegasigmaA) complexed with a fork-junction promoter DNA fragment has been determined by fitting high-resolution x-ray structures of individual components into a 6.5-angstrom resolution map. The DNA lies across one face of the holoenzyme, completely outside the RNA polymerase active site channel. All sequence-specific contacts with core promoter elements are mediated by the sigma subunit. A universally conserved tryptophan is ideally positioned to stack on the exposed face of the base pair at the upstream edge of the transcription bubble. Universally conserved basic residues of the sigma subunit provide critical contacts with the DNA phosphate backbone and play a role in directing the melted DNA template strand into the RNA polymerase active site. The structure explains how holoenzyme recognizes promoters containing variably spaced -10 and -35 elements and provides the basis for models of the closed and open promoter complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Katsuhiko S -- Masuda, Shoko -- Campbell, Elizabeth A -- Muzzin, Oriana -- Darst, Seth A -- GM20470/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM53759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61898/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1285-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Subunits ; Sigma Factor/*chemistry/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Thermus/*enzymology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 24
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    Molecular biology. New proteases in a ubiquitin stew (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochstrasser, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mark.hochstrasser@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; Yeasts/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
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  • 25
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    Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin alpha Vbeta3 in complex with an Arg-Gly-Asp ligand (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: The structural basis for the divalent cation-dependent binding of heterodimeric alphabeta integrins to their ligands, which contain the prototypical Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, is unknown. Interaction with ligands triggers tertiary and quaternary structural rearrangements in integrins that are needed for cell signaling. Here we report the crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin alphaVbeta3 in complex with a cyclic peptide presenting the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. The ligand binds at the major interface between the alphaV and beta3 subunits and makes extensive contacts with both. Both tertiary and quaternary changes are observed in the presence of ligand. The tertiary rearrangements take place in betaA, the ligand-binding domain of beta3; in the complex, betaA acquires two cations, one of which contacts the ligand Asp directly and the other stabilizes the ligand-binding surface. Ligand binding induces small changes in the orientation of alphaV relative to beta3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, Jian-Ping -- Stehle, Thilo -- Zhang, Rongguang -- Joachimiak, Andrzej -- Frech, Matthias -- Goodman, Simon L -- Arnaout, M Amin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):151-5. Epub 2002 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Renal Unit, Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Structural Biology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ligands ; Manganese/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Vitronectin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Transcription. Chromatin control--a place for E2F and Myc to meet (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉La Thangue, Nicholas B -- 13058/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G9400953/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1034-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. n.lathangue@bio.gla.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Binding Sites ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dimerization ; E2F Transcription Factors ; E2F6 Transcription Factor ; *G0 Phase ; G1 Phase ; *Gene Silencing ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; *Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Methyltransferases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Regulation of organogenesis by the Caenorhabditis elegans FoxA protein PHA-4 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: The pha-4 locus encodes a forkhead box A (FoxA/HNF3) transcription factor homolog that specifies organ identity for Caenorhabditis elegans pharyngeal cells. We used microarrays to identify pharyngeal genes and analyzed those genes to determine which were direct PHA-4 targets. Our data suggest that PHA-4 directly activates most or all pharyngeal genes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of PHA-4 for different TRTTKRY (R = A/G, K = T/G, Y = T/C) elements modulates the onset of gene expression, providing a mechanism to activate pharyngeal genes at different developmental stages. We suggest that direct transcriptional regulation of entire gene networks may be a common feature of organ identity genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudet, J -- Mango, S E -- CCSG 2P30CA42014/CC/ODCDC CDC HHS/ -- R01 GM056264/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):821-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Consensus Sequence ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Reporter ; Introns ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Myosins/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pharynx/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Proteomics. Integrating interactomes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerstein, Mark -- Lan, Ning -- Jansen, Ronald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):284-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mark.gerstein@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Computational Biology ; Databases, Genetic ; Databases, Protein ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome ; Genome, Fungal ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Peptide Library ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proteome ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Enzymology. A trio of transition metals in anaerobic CO2 fixation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):552-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. john.peters@chemistry.montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/metabolism ; Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Clostridium/enzymology ; Copper/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Iron/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nickel/*chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary
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    Structural adaptations in a membrane enzyme that terminates endocannabinoid signaling (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: Cellular communication in the nervous system is mediated by chemical messengers that include amino acids, monoamines, peptide hormones, and lipids. An interesting question is how neurons regulate signals that are transmitted by membrane-embedded lipids. Here, we report the 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of the integral membrane protein fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme that degrades members of the endocannabinoid class of signaling lipids and terminates their activity. The structure of FAAH complexed with an arachidonyl inhibitor reveals how a set of discrete structural alterations allows this enzyme, in contrast to soluble hydrolases of the same family, to integrate into cell membranes and establish direct access to the bilayer from its active site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bracey, Michael H -- Hanson, Michael A -- Masuda, Kim R -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Cravatt, Benjamin F -- R01 DA013173/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013173-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1793-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; *Bacterial Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Endocannabinoids ; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs ; Lipid Bilayers ; Models, Molecular ; Organophosphonates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility
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    A Ni-Fe-Cu center in a bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: A metallocofactor containing iron, sulfur, copper, and nickel has been discovered in the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA (coenzyme A) synthase from Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum). Our structure at 2.2 angstrom resolution reveals that the cofactor responsible for the assembly of acetyl-CoA contains a [Fe4S4] cubane bridged to a copper-nickel binuclear site. The presence of these three metals together in one cluster was unanticipated and suggests a newly discovered role for copper in biology. The different active sites of this bifunctional enzyme complex are connected via a channel, 138 angstroms long, that provides a conduit for carbon monoxide generated at the C-cluster on one subunit to be incorporated into acetyl-CoA at the A-cluster on the other subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doukov, Tzanko I -- Iverson, Tina M -- Seravalli, Javier -- Ragsdale, Stephen W -- Drennan, Catherine L -- R01-GM39451/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):567-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/metabolism ; Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Copper/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Iron/*chemistry ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nickel/*chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Zinc/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Transcription. Of chips and ChIPs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shannon, M Frances -- Rao, Sudha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Bioscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. frances.shannon@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle ; Chromatin/genetics/*metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Regulon ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/genetics
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    Close before opening (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: As bacteria need iron from the environment to survive, they have evolved active iron transporter proteins in their outer membranes. In her Perspective, Postle discusses new insights into iron transport revealed by the crystal structure of the iron transporter FecA in E. coli (Ferguson et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Postle, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1658-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. postle@mail.wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport, Active ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Siderophores/metabolism
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    Plant biology. Prime time for cellulose (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Steve M -- Bacic, Tony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):59-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Resource Management and Forest Science Centre, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Catalysis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cellulase ; Cellulose/*analogs & derivatives/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Dextrins/metabolism ; Glucans/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/*metabolism ; Gossypium/enzymology/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Plants/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Sitosterols/*metabolism ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/metabolism ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Methyltransferase recruitment and DNA hypermethylation of target promoters by an oncogenic transcription factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a frequent mechanism of transcriptional silencing in cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of methylation are unknown. We report here that the leukemia-promoting PML-RAR fusion protein induces gene hypermethylation and silencing by recruiting DNA methyltransferases to target promoters and that hypermethylation contributes to its leukemogenic potential. Retinoic acid treatment induces promoter demethylation, gene reexpression, and reversion of the transformed phenotype. These results establish a mechanistic link between genetic and epigenetic changes during transformation and suggest that hypermethylation contributes to the early steps of carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Croce, Luciano -- Raker, Veronica A -- Corsaro, Massimo -- Fazi, Francesco -- Fanelli, Mirco -- Faretta, Mario -- Fuks, Francois -- Lo Coco, Francesco -- Kouzarides, Tony -- Nervi, Clara -- Minucci, Saverio -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1079-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ldicroce@lar.ieo.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azacitidine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/*metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Exons ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*metabolism ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tretinoin/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Zinc/pharmacology
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    A natural product that lowers cholesterol as an antagonist ligand for FXR (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Extracts of the resin of the guggul tree (Commiphora mukul) lower LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in humans. The plant sterol guggulsterone [4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione] is the active agent in this extract. We show that guggulsterone is a highly efficacious antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by bile acids. Guggulsterone treatment decreases hepatic cholesterol in wild-type mice fed a high-cholesterol diet but is not effective in FXR-null mice. Thus, we propose that inhibition of FXR activation is the basis for the cholesterol-lowering activity of guggulsterone. Other natural products with specific biologic effects may modulate the activity of FXR or other relatively promiscuous nuclear hormone receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urizar, Nancy L -- Liverman, Amy B -- Dodds, D'Nette T -- Silva, Frank Valentin -- Ordentlich, Peter -- Yan, Yingzhuo -- Gonzalez, Frank J -- Heyman, Richard A -- Mangelsdorf, David J -- Moore, David D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1703-6. Epub 2002 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Caco-2 Cells ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; *Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; Hypolipidemic Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Ligands ; Liver/metabolism ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Pregnenediones/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation/drug effects ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. Do X chromosomes set boundaries? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Percec, Ivona -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):287-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ipercec@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Binding Sites ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; *Repressor Proteins ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Role of Rpn11 metalloprotease in deubiquitination and degradation by the 26S proteasome (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: The 26S proteasome mediates degradation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Although ubiquitin is recycled from proteasome substrates, the molecular basis of deubiquitination at the proteasome and its relation to substrate degradation remain unknown. The Rpn11 subunit of the proteasome lid subcomplex contains a highly conserved Jab1/MPN domain-associated metalloisopeptidase (JAMM) motif-EX(n)HXHX(10)D. Mutation of the predicted active-site histidines to alanine (rpn11AXA) was lethal and stabilized ubiquitin pathway substrates in yeast. Rpn11(AXA) mutant proteasomes assembled normally but failed to either deubiquitinate or degrade ubiquitinated Sic1 in vitro. Our findings reveal an unexpected coupling between substrate deubiquitination and degradation and suggest a unifying rationale for the presence of the lid in eukaryotic proteasomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verma, Rati -- Aravind, L -- Oania, Robert -- McDonald, W Hayes -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Koonin, Eugene V -- Deshaies, Raymond J -- RR11823-05-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):611-5. Epub 2002 Aug 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; Yeasts/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Myelin-associated glycoprotein as a functional ligand for the Nogo-66 receptor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Axonal regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is limited by two proteins in myelin, Nogo and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). The receptor for Nogo (NgR) has been identified as an axonal glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored protein, whereas the MAG receptor has remained elusive. Here, we show that MAG binds directly, with high affinity, to NgR. Cleavage of GPI-linked proteins from axons protects growth cones from MAG-induced collapse, and dominant-negative NgR eliminates MAG inhibition of neurite outgrowth. MAG-resistant embryonic neurons are rendered MAG-sensitive by expression of NgR. MAG and Nogo-66 activate NgR independently and serve as redundant NgR ligands that may limit axonal regeneration after CNS injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Betty P -- Fournier, Alyson -- GrandPre, Tadzia -- Strittmatter, Stephen M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1190-3. Epub 2002 Jun 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Ligands ; Mice ; Myelin Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/*physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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    Drug delivery. Breaching the membrane (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, Joe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):838-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; DNA/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; *Drug Carriers ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Liposomes ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nanotechnology ; Prodrugs/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; *Technology, Pharmaceutical
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin chromophore isomerization (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: The vibrational dynamics of the retinal chromophore all-trans-to-13-cis photoisomerization in bacteriorhodopsin has been studied with mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy at high time resolution (about 200 femtoseconds). After photoexcitation of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin, the transient infrared absorption was probed in a broad spectral region, including vibrations with dominant C-C, C=C, and C=NH stretching mode amplitude. All photoproduct modes, especially those around 1190 reciprocal-centimeters that are indicative for a 13-cis configuration of the chromophore, rise with a time constant of approximately 0.5 picosecond. The results presented give direct vibrational-spectroscopic evidence for the isomerization taking place within 0.5 picosecond, as has been suggested by previous optical femtosecond time-resolved experiments but questioned recently by picosecond time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbst, Johannes -- Heyne, Karsten -- Diller, Rolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Light ; Photochemistry ; Retinaldehyde/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared/*methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Time Factors ; Vibration
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    Nucleotide control of interdomain interactions in the conformational reaction cycle of SecA (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: The SecA adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) mediates extrusion of the amino termini of secreted proteins from the eubacterial cytosol based on cycles of reversible binding to the SecYEG translocon. We have determined the crystal structure of SecA with and without magnesium-adenosine diphosphate bound to the high-affinity ATPase site at 3.0 and 2.7 angstrom resolution, respectively. Candidate sites for preprotein binding are located on a surface containing the SecA epitopes exposed to the periplasm upon binding to SecYEG and are thus positioned to deliver preprotein to SecYEG. Comparisons with structurally related ATPases, including superfamily I and II ATP-dependent helicases, suggest that the interaction geometry of the tandem motor domains in SecA is modulated by nucleotide binding, which is shown by fluorescence anisotropy experiments to reverse an endothermic domain-dissociation reaction hypothesized to gate binding to SecYEG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, John F -- Weinkauf, Sevil -- Henry, Lisa -- Fak, John J -- McNicholas, Paul -- Oliver, Donald B -- Deisenhofer, Johann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2018-26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, 702A Fairchild Center, MC2434, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. hunt@sid.bio.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Helicases/chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Initiation Factors/chemistry ; Peptides/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Functional materials based on self-assembly of polymeric supramolecules (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Self-assembly of polymeric supramolecules is a powerful tool for producing functional materials that combine several properties and may respond to external conditions. We illustrate the concept using a comb-shaped architecture. Examples include the hexagonal self-organization of conjugated conducting polymers and the polarized luminance in solid-state films of rodlike polymers obtained by removing the hydrogen-bonded side chains from the aligned thermotropic smectic phase. Hierarchically structured materials obtained by applying different self-organization and recognition principles and directed assembly form a basis for tunable nanoporous materials, smart membranes, preparation of nano-objects, and anisotropic properties, such as proton conductivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikkala, Olli -- ten Brinke, Gerrit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2407-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, Post Office Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland. Olli.Ikkala@hut.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Chemistry, Physical ; DNA/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Nanotechnology ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry
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  • 44
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    Biochemistry. DNA building block reinvented (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murzin, Alexey G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):61-2. Epub 2002 May 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. agm@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides/metabolism ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori/*enzymology ; Humans ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/metabolism ; Thermotoga maritima/*enzymology ; Thymidine Monophosphate/*biosynthesis ; Thymidylate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 45
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    Neuroscience. It takes more than two to Nogo (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolf, Clifford J -- Bloechlinger, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1132-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. woolf.clifford@mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gangliosides/metabolism ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Myelin Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 46
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    Identification of signal peptide peptidase, a presenilin-type aspartic protease (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis of some signal peptides after they have been cleaved from a preprotein. In humans, SPP activity is required to generate signal sequence-derived human lymphocyte antigen-E epitopes that are recognized by the immune system, and to process hepatitis C virus core protein. We have identified human SPP as a polytopic membrane protein with sequence motifs characteristic of the presenilin-type aspartic proteases. SPP and potential eukaryotic homologs may represent another family of aspartic proteases that promote intramembrane proteolysis to release biologically important peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weihofen, Andreas -- Binns, Kathleen -- Lemberg, Marius K -- Ashman, Keith -- Martoglio, Bruno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2215-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), ETH-Hoenggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Azirines/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/analogs & derivatives/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Presenilin-1 ; Presenilin-2 ; Protease Inhibitors/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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    Biomineralization. At the cutting edge (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiner, Steve -- Addadi, Lia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):375-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chlorides/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Copper/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Hardness ; Humans ; Minerals/*analysis/metabolism ; Polychaeta/anatomy & histology/*chemistry/physiology ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Tooth/chemistry/physiology ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 48
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    Structural basis of gating by the outer membrane transporter FecA (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: Siderophore-mediated acquisition systems facilitate iron uptake. We present the crystallographic structure of the integral outer membrane receptor FecA from Escherichia coli with and without ferric citrate at 2.5 and 2.0 angstrom resolution. FecA is composed of three distinct domains: the barrel, plug, and NH2-terminal extension. Binding of ferric citrate triggers a conformational change of the extracellular loops that close the external pocket of FecA. Ligand-induced allosteric transitions are propagated through the outer membrane by the plug domain, signaling the occupancy of the receptor in the periplasm. These data establish the structural basis of gating for receptors dependent on the cytoplasmic membrane protein TonB. By compiling available data for this family of receptors, we propose a mechanism for the energy-dependent transport of siderophores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferguson, Andrew D -- Chakraborty, Ranjan -- Smith, Barbara S -- Esser, Lothar -- van der Helm, Dick -- Deisenhofer, Johann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1715-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport, Active ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Siderophores/*metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: In eukaryotic cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are generally repaired by the pathway of homologous recombination or by DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Both pathways have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, but no equivalent NHEJ system has been identified in prokaryotes. The NHEJ pathway requires a DNA end-binding component called Ku. We have identified bacterial Ku homologs and show that these proteins retain the biochemical characteristics of the eukaryotic Ku heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that bacterial Ku specifically recruits DNA ligase to DNA ends and stimulates DNA ligation. Loss of these proteins leads to hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in Bacillus subtilis. These data provide evidence that many bacteria possess a DNA DSB repair apparatus that shares many features with the NHEJ system of eukarya and suggest that this DNA repair pathway arose before the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages diverged.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weller, Geoffrey R -- Kysela, Boris -- Roy, Rajat -- Tonkin, Louise M -- Scanlan, Elizabeth -- Della, Marina -- Devine, Susanne Krogh -- Day, Jonathan P -- Wilkinson, Adam -- d'Adda di Fagagna, Fabrizio -- Devine, Kevin M -- Bowater, Richard P -- Jeggo, Penny A -- Jackson, Stephen P -- Doherty, Aidan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1686-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Institute for Medical Research & Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigens, Nuclear ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA Ligases/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Bacterial/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding
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    Signal transduction. MAP kinase signaling specificity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weston, Claire R -- Lambright, David G -- Davis, Roger J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2345-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Structure of the LDL receptor extracellular domain at endosomal pH (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: The low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates cholesterol homeostasis through endocytosis of lipoproteins. It discharges its ligand in the endosome at pH 〈 6. In the crystal structure at pH = 5.3, the ligand-binding domain (modules R2 to R7) folds back as an arc over the epidermal growth factor precursor homology domain (the modules A, B, beta propeller, and C). The modules R4 and R5, which are critical for lipoprotein binding, associate with the beta propeller via their calcium-binding loop. We propose a mechanism for lipoprotein release in the endosome whereby the beta propeller functions as an alternate substrate for the ligand-binding domain, binding in a calcium-dependent way and promoting lipoprotein release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rudenko, Gabby -- Henry, Lisa -- Henderson, Keith -- Ichtchenko, Konstantin -- Brown, Michael S -- Goldstein, Joseph L -- Deisenhofer, Johann -- HL20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2353-8. Epub 2002 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Y4-206, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Precursors/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, LDL/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
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    Role of the myosin assembly protein UNC-45 as a molecular chaperone for myosin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: The organization of myosin into motile cellular structures requires precise temporal and spatial regulation. Proteins containing a UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/She4p) domain are necessary for the incorporation of myosin into the contractile ring during cytokinesis and into thick filaments during muscle development. We report that the carboxyl-terminal regions of UNC-45 bound and exerted chaperone activity on the myosin head. The amino-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain of UNC-45 bound the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Thus, UNC-45 functions both as a molecular chaperone and as an Hsp90 co-chaperone for myosin, which can explain previous findings of altered assembly and decreased accumulation of myosin in UNC-45 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barral, Jose M -- Hutagalung, Alex H -- Brinker, Achim -- Hartl, F Ulrich -- Epstein, Henry F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):669-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myosins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Transition state stabilization by a catalytic RNA (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: The hairpin ribozyme catalyzes sequence-specific cleavage of RNA through transesterification of the scissile phosphate. Vanadate has previously been used as a transition state mimic of protein enzymes that catalyze the same reaction. Comparison of the 2.2 angstrom resolution structure of a vanadate-hairpin ribozyme complex with structures of precursor and product complexes reveals a rigid active site that makes more hydrogen bonds to the transition state than to the precursor or product. Because of the paucity of RNA functional groups capable of general acid-base or electrostatic catalysis, transition state stabilization is likely to be an important catalytic strategy for ribozymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rupert, Peter B -- Massey, Archna P -- Sigurdsson, Snorri Th -- Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R -- GM56947/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM63576/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR15943/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1421-4. Epub 2002 Oct 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Vanadates/chemistry/metabolism
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    Distinguishing inchworm and hand-over-hand processive kinesin movement by neck rotation measurements (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: The motor enzyme kinesin makes hundreds of unidirectional 8-nanometer steps without detaching from or freely sliding along the microtubule on which it moves. We investigated the kinesin stepping mechanism by immobilizing a Drosophila kinesin derivative through the carboxyl-terminal end of the neck coiled-coil domain and measuring orientations of microtubules moved by single enzyme molecules at submicromolar adenosine triphosphate concentrations. The kinesin-mediated microtubule-surface linkage was sufficiently torsionally stiff (〉/=2.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(-20) Newton meters per radian2) that stepping by the hypothesized symmetric hand-over-hand mechanism would produce 180 degree rotations of the microtubule relative to the immobilized kinesin neck. In fact, there were no rotations, a finding that is inconsistent with symmetric hand-over-hand movement. An alternative "inchworm" mechanism is consistent with our experimental results.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hua, Wei -- Chung, Johnson -- Gelles, Jeff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):844-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics and Structural Biology Program, Biochemistry Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Dimerization ; Drosophila ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Kinesin/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Microtubules/enzymology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Movement ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rotation ; Streptavidin
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    Activation of orphan receptors by the hormone relaxin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: Relaxin is a hormone important for the growth and remodeling of reproductive and other tissues during pregnancy. Although binding sites for relaxin are widely distributed, the nature of its receptor has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate that two orphan heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors, LGR7 and LGR8, are capable of mediating the action of relaxin through an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathway distinct from that of the structurally related insulin and insulin-like growth factor family ligand. Treatment of antepartum mice with the soluble ligand-binding region of LGR7 caused parturition delay. The wide and divergent distribution of the two relaxin receptors implicates their roles in reproductive, brain, renal, cardiovascular, and other functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Sheau Yu -- Nakabayashi, Koji -- Nishi, Shinya -- Kumagai, Jin -- Kudo, Masataka -- Sherwood, O David -- Hsueh, Aaron J W -- DK58534/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD23273/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):671-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genitalia, Female/metabolism ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric/drug effects ; Ligands ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Relaxin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Structure of an HIF-1alpha -pVHL complex: hydroxyproline recognition in signaling (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: The ubiquitination of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) plays a central role in the cellular response to changes in oxygen availability. pVHL binds to HIF only when a conserved proline in HIF is hydroxylated, a modification that is oxygen-dependent. The 1.85 angstrom structure of a 20-residue HIF-1alpha peptide-pVHL-ElonginB-ElonginC complex shows that HIF-1alpha binds to pVHL in an extended beta strand-like conformation. The hydroxyproline inserts into a gap in the pVHL hydrophobic core, at a site that is a hotspot for tumorigenic mutations, with its 4-hydroxyl group recognized by buried serine and histidine residues. Although the beta sheet-like interactions contribute to the stability of the complex, the hydroxyproline contacts are central to the strict specificity characteristic of signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Min, Jung-Hyun -- Yang, Haifeng -- Ivan, Mircea -- Gertler, Frank -- Kaelin, William G Jr -- Pavletich, Nikola P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1886-9. Epub 2002 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Hydroxylation ; Hydroxyproline/*metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Ligases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
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    Structures of glycoprotein Ibalpha and its complex with von Willebrand factor A1 domain (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Transient interactions of platelet-receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) reduce platelet velocity at sites of vascular damage and play a role in haemostasis and thrombosis. Here we present structures of the GpIbalpha amino-terminal domain and its complex with the VWF domain A1. In the complex, GpIbalpha wraps around one side of A1, providing two contact areas bridged by an area of solvated charge interaction. The structures explain the effects of gain-of-function mutations related to bleeding disorders and provide a model for shear-induced activation. These detailed insights into the initial interactions in platelet adhesion are relevant to the development of antithrombotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huizinga, Eric G -- Tsuji, Shizuko -- Romijn, Roland A P -- Schiphorst, Marion E -- de Groot, Philip G -- Sixma, Jan J -- Gros, Piet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1176-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. e.g.huizinga@chem.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Bernard-Soulier Syndrome/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Platelets/metabolism/physiology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Static Electricity ; von Willebrand Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Biomedicine. Contact--how platelets touch von Willebrand factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadler, J Evan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1128-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. esadler@im.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Blood Coagulation Disorders/blood/genetics ; Blood Platelets/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Mutation ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; von Willebrand Diseases/blood/genetics ; von Willebrand Factor/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Conserved structure for single-stranded telomeric DNA recognition (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The essential Cdc13 protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single-stranded telomeric DNA binding protein required for chromosome end protection and telomere replication. Here we report the solution structure of the Cdc13 DNA binding domain in complex with telomeric DNA. The structure reveals the use of a single OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding) fold augmented by an unusually large loop for DNA recognition. This OB fold is structurally similar to OB folds found in the ciliated protozoan telomere end-binding protein, although no sequence similarity is apparent between them. The common usage of an OB fold for telomeric DNA interaction demonstrates conservation of end-protection mechanisms among eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitton-Fry, Rachel M -- Anderson, Emily M -- Hughes, Timothy R -- Lundblad, Victoria -- Wuttke, Deborah S -- GM55867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM59414/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; *Telomere-Binding Proteins
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    Corepressor-dependent silencing of chromosomal regions encoding neuronal genes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: The molecular mechanisms by which central nervous system-specific genes are expressed only in the nervous system and repressed in other tissues remain a central issue in developmental and regulatory biology. Here, we report that the zinc-finger gene-specific repressor element RE-1 silencing transcription factor/neuronal restricted silencing factor (REST/NRSF) can mediate extraneuronal restriction by imposing either active repression via histone deacetylase recruitment or long-term gene silencing using a distinct functional complex. Silencing of neuronal-specific genes requires the recruitment of an associated corepressor, CoREST, that serves as a functional molecular beacon for the recruitment of molecular machinery that imposes silencing across a chromosomal interval, including transcriptional units that do not themselves contain REST/NRSF response elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lunyak, Victoria V -- Burgess, Robert -- Prefontaine, Gratien G -- Nelson, Charles -- Sze, Sing-Hoi -- Chenoweth, Josh -- Schwartz, Phillip -- Pevzner, Pavel A -- Glass, Christopher -- Mandel, Gail -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1747-52. Epub 2002 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Room 345, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Chromosomes/*genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics/metabolism ; Co-Repressor Proteins ; Computational Biology ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sodium Channels/genetics ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Structural biology. PMF through the redox loop (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, David -- Sawers, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. d.richardson@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology/metabolism ; Formate Dehydrogenases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Formates/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Organometallic Compounds/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Proton-Motive Force ; Protons ; Vitamin K 2/metabolism
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    Biochemistry. Intramembrane proteases--mixing oil and water (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfe, Michael S -- Selkoe, Dennis J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mwolfe@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology ; Dimerization ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Presenilin-1 ; Presenilin-2 ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Receptors, Notch ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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    A complex with chromatin modifiers that occupies E2F- and Myc-responsive genes in G0 cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: E2F-6 contributes to gene silencing in a manner independent of retinoblastoma protein family members. To better elucidate the molecular mechanism of repression by E2F-6, we have purified the factor from cultured cells. E2F-6 is found in a multimeric protein complex that contains Mga and Max, and thus the complex can bind not only to the E2F-binding site but also to Myc- and Brachyury-binding sites. Moreover, the complex contains chromatin modifiers such as a novel histone methyltransferase that modifies lysine 9 of histone H3, HP1gamma, and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. The E2F-6 complex preferentially occupies target promoters in G0 cells rather than in G1 cells. These data suggest that these chromatin modifiers contribute to silencing of E2F- and Myc-responsive genes in quiescent cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, Hidesato -- Ishiguro, Kei-Ichiro -- Gaubatz, Stefan -- Livingston, David M -- Nakatani, Yoshihiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1132-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; E2F Transcription Factors ; E2F6 Transcription Factor ; *G0 Phase ; G1 Phase ; *Gene Silencing ; HeLa Cells ; *Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Footprinting ; Protein Methyltransferases ; *Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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