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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compartmentalization of S-RNase and HT-B degradation in self-incompatible Nicotiana (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 805-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pollen–pistil interactions are crucial for controlling plant mating. For example, S-RNase-based self-incompatibility prevents inbreeding in diverse angiosperm species. S-RNases are thought to function as specific cytotoxins that inhibit pollen that has an S-haplotype that matches ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04491
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines to infant rhesus macaques does not result in autism-like behavior or neuropathology (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-28
    Description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Some anecdotal reports suggest that ASD is related to exposure to ethyl mercury, in the form of the vaccine preservative, thimerosal, and/or receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using infant rhesus macaques receiving thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) following the recommended pediatric vaccine schedules from the 1990s and 2008, we examined behavior, and neuropathology in three brain regions found to exhibit neuropathology in postmortem ASD brains. No neuronal cellular or protein changes in the cerebellum, hippocampus, or amygdala were observed in animals following the 1990s or 2008 vaccine schedules. Analysis of social behavior in juvenile animals indicated that there were no significant differences in negative behaviors between animals in the control and experimental groups. These data indicate that administration of TCVs and/or the MMR vaccine to rhesus macaques does not result in neuropathological abnormalities, or aberrant behaviors, like those observed in ASD.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Mental health treatment use and perceived treatment need among suicide planners and attempters in the United States: between and within group differences (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: Background: Despite many previous studies of suicidal ideation and/or attempts, little research has examined mental health treatment use and perceived treatment need among and within groups of ideators and/or attemptors. We examined mental health treatment use and perceived treatment need in four groups of US adults who had serious suicidal ideation: (1) no suicide plan/no attempt; (2) planned/no attempt; (3) no plan/attempted; and (4) planned/attempted. Methods: We compared ideators and nonideators using the 154,923 U.S. residents aged 21 and older who participated in the 2008–2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We then employed logistic regression analyses to discern factors associated with treatment use and perceived treatment need among and within the four groups of ideators (N = 7,348). Results: More than 30% of ideators who made suicide plans and/or attempted suicide received no treatment before or after planning or attempting. Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of treatment use in all four groups, but major depression significantly increased the odds in all but the no plan/attempted group. Treatment use and substance use disorder increased the odds of perceived need in all four groups. Conclusions: The four groups have different rates of treatment access and perceived treatment need that do not appear to be commensurate with their risk level. The findings underscore the importance of treatment access for all those at-risk of suicide, especially racial/ethnic minorities and those of lower SES.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0500
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 4
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    A cost-effective image processing approach for analyzing the ecohydrology of river corridors (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-23
    Description: There is currently a need for robust, high-resolution monitoring techniques to assess and quantify ecosystem dynamics within surface water bodies and their riparian ecosystems. This study presents a cost effective, user-friendly technique for examining the ecohydrology of stream and river corridors through the use of digital imagery. Using a simple digital camera, we captured hourly images of a small portion of a headwater Appalachian stream and adjacent floodplain. Then, we used pixel classification techniques to evaluate ecohydrologic parameters (e.g., inundation surface area, floodplain wetness, and vegetation dynamics) in each image. Results highlight the episodic nature of river floodplain connectivity, variation in surface wetness across the gradient from river to upland ecosystems, and the seasonal variability of vegetation density and health. To validate the accuracy of image-based measurements, we then compared inundation area estimates to an existing inundation model and found a high level of agreement ( R 2  = 0.94; NRMSE = 7.96%). Our study highlights the use of time-lapse imagery as a robust, cost-effective method to capture the dynamics of river corridors and associated ecosystem services.
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5856
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 5
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    Perirheic mixing and biogeochemical processing in flow-through and backwater floodplain wetlands (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: Inundation hydrology and associated processes control biogeochemical processing in floodplains. To better understand how hydrologic connectivity, residence time, and intrafloodplain mixing vary in floodplain wetlands, we examined how water quality of two contrasting areas in the floodplain of the Atchafalaya River—a flow-through and a backwater wetland—responded to an annual flood pulse. Large, synoptic sampling campaigns occurred in both wetlands during the rising limb, peak, and falling limb of the hydrograph. Using a combination of conservative and reactive tracers, we inferred three dominant processes that occurred over the course of the flood pulse: flushing (rising limb), advective transport (peak), and organic matter accumulation (falling limb). Biogeochemistry of the two wetlands was similar during the peak while the river overflowed into both. However, during the rising and falling limbs, flow in the backwater wetland experienced much greater residence time. This led to the accumulation of dissolved organic matter and dissolved phosphorus. There were also elevated ratios of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate in the backwater wetland, suggesting nitrogen removal was limited by nitrate transported into the floodplain there. Collectively, our results suggest inclusion of a temporal component into the perirheic concept more fully describes inundation hydrology and biogeochemistry in large river floodplain.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Floodplain biogeochemical processing of floodwaters in the Atchafalaya River Basin during the Mississippi River flood of 2011 (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: The 2011 flood in the Lower Mississippi resulted in the second highest recorded river flow diverted into the Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB). The higher water levels during the flood peak resulted in high hydrologic connectivity between the Atchafalaya River and floodplain, with up to 50% of the Atchafalaya River water moving off channel. Water quality samples were collected throughout the ARB over the course of the flood event. Significant nitrate (NO 3 - ) reduction (75%) occurred within the floodplain, resulting in a total NO 3 - reduction of 16.6% over the flood. The floodplain was a small but measurable source of dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH 4 + ). Collectively, these results from this large flood event suggest that enhancing river-floodplain connectivity through freshwater diversions will reduce NO 3 - loads to the Gulf of Mexico during large annual floods.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Metabolic enzymes of mycobacteria linked to antioxidant defense by a thioredoxin-like protein (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mounts a stubborn defense against oxidative and nitrosative components of the immune response. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd) and dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB) are components of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes that are central to intermediary metabolism. We find that Lpd and SucB support Mtb's antioxidant defense. The peroxiredoxin alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is linked to Lpd and SucB by an adaptor protein, AhpD. The 2.0 angstrom AhpD crystal structure reveals a thioredoxin-like active site that is responsive to lipoamide. We propose that Lpd, SucB (the only lipoyl protein detected in Mtb), AhpD, and AhpC together constitute a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)-dependent peroxidase and peroxynitrite reductase. AhpD thus represents a class of thioredoxin-like molecules that enables an antioxidant defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryk, R -- Lima, C D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Tempst, P -- Nathan, C -- HL61241/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1073-7. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antioxidants ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Thioctic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Thioredoxins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Inhibitors selective for mycobacterial versus human proteasomes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: Many anti-infectives inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins, but none selectively inhibits their degradation. Most anti-infectives kill replicating pathogens, but few preferentially kill pathogens that have been forced into a non-replicating state by conditions in the host. To explore these alternative approaches we sought selective inhibitors of the proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given that the proteasome structure is extensively conserved, it is not surprising that inhibitors of all chemical classes tested have blocked both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteasomes, and no inhibitor has proved substantially more potent on proteasomes of pathogens than of their hosts. Here we show that certain oxathiazol-2-one compounds kill non-replicating M. tuberculosis and act as selective suicide-substrate inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis proteasome by cyclocarbonylating its active site threonine. Major conformational changes protect the inhibitor-enzyme intermediate from hydrolysis, allowing formation of an oxazolidin-2-one and preventing regeneration of active protease. Residues outside the active site whose hydrogen bonds stabilize the critical loop before and after it moves are extensively non-conserved. This may account for the ability of oxathiazol-2-one compounds to inhibit the mycobacterial proteasome potently and irreversibly while largely sparing the human homologue.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172082/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172082/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Gang -- Li, Dongyang -- de Carvalho, Luiz Pedro Sorio -- Deng, Haiteng -- Tao, Hui -- Vogt, Guillaume -- Wu, Kangyun -- Schneider, Jean -- Chidawanyika, Tamutenda -- Warren, J David -- Li, Huilin -- Nathan, Carl -- P01 AI056293/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI056293-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01-AI056293/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055549/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055549-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI070285/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):621-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08357. Epub 2009 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA. gal2005@med.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/*enzymology/growth & development ; Oxazolidinones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/chemistry/metabolism ; *Proteasome Inhibitors ; Protein Carbonylation/drug effects ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Protein Subunits ; Substrate Specificity ; Thiazoles/pharmacology ; Threonine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO) conveys a variety of messages between cells, including signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission, and cytotoxicity. In some endothelial cells and neurons, a constitutive NO synthase is activated transiently by agonists that elevate intracellular calcium concentrations and promote the binding of calmodulin. In contrast, in macrophages, NO synthase activity appears slowly after exposure of the cells to cytokines and bacterial products, is sustained, and functions independently of calcium and calmodulin. A monospecific antibody was used to clone complementary DNA that encoded two isoforms of NO synthase from immunologically activated mouse macrophages. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm most of the amino acid sequence. Macrophage NO synthase differs extensively from cerebellar NO synthase. The macrophage enzyme is immunologically induced at the transcriptional level and closely resembles the enzyme in cytokine-treated tumor cells and inflammatory neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, Q W -- Cho, H J -- Calaycay, J -- Mumford, R A -- Swiderek, K M -- Lee, T D -- Ding, A -- Troso, T -- Nathan, C -- AI30165/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA43610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1373522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Enzyme Induction ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Kinetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages/drug effects/*enzymology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Neutrophils/drug effects/enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Role of iNOS in human host defense (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1874-5; author reply 1874-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Infections/enzymology/*immunology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Macrophages/cytology/*enzymology ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Tuberculosis/enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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