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  • Male  (81)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (130)
  • 1985-1989  (130)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1986  (130)
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  • 1985-1989  (130)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
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    Lipoprotein mutations in pigs are associated with elevated plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: A strain of pigs bearing three immunogenetically defined lipoprotein-associated markers (allotypes), designated Lpb5, Lpr1, and Lpu1, has marked hypercholesterolemia on a low fat, cholesterol-free diet. Unlike individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia or WHHL rabbits, the affected pigs have normal low density lipoprotein receptor activity. The animals, by 7 months of age, have extensive atherosclerotic lesions in all three coronary arteries. This strain of pig represents an animal model for atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia associated with mutations affecting the structures of plasma lipoproteins. One of the variant apolipoproteins, Lpb5, is apolipoprotein-B. A second variant apolipoprotein (Lpr1), termed apo-R, is a 23-kilodalton protein present in both the very low density (d less than 1.006 g/ml) and the very high density (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) fractions of pig plasma. Isoforms of this protein correlate with two Lpr alleles, Lpr1 and Lpr2. The Lpr genes segregate independently of the Lpb5 and Lpu1 alleles. The Lpu1 allotype is a component of low density lipoprotein and is genetically linked to Lpb5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapacz, J -- Hasler-Rapacz, J -- Taylor, K M -- Checovich, W J -- Attie, A D -- AG05-856/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL30594/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1573-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/blood/*genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genotype ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*genetics ; Immunologic Tests ; Lipoproteins/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/genetics ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood/genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Human multidrug-resistant cell lines: increased mdr1 expression can precede gene amplification (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: The development of simultaneous resistance to multiple structurally unrelated drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human KB carcinoma cells selected in colchicine, vinblastine, or Adriamycin is associated with amplification of specific DNA sequences (the multidrug resistance locus, mdr1). During colchicine selection resistance is initially accompanied by elevated expression of a 4.5-kilobase mdr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) without amplification of the corresponding genomic sequences. During selection for increased levels of resistance, expression of this mRNA is increased simultaneously with amplification of mdr1 DNA. Increased expression and amplification of mdr1 sequences were also found in multidrug-resistant sublines of human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. These results suggest that increased expression of mdr1 mRNA is a common mechanism for multidrug resistance in human cells. Activation of the mdr1 gene by mutations or epigenetic changes may precede its amplification during the development of resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, D W -- Fojo, A -- Chin, J E -- Roninson, I B -- Richert, N -- Pastan, I -- Gottesman, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Vinblastine/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Calcium rises abruptly and briefly throughout the cell at the onset of anaphase (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: Continuous measurement and imaging of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) of mitotic and interphase PtK1 cells was accomplished with the new fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2. No statistically significant difference between basal [Ca2+]i of interphase and mitotic cells was detected. However, mitotic cells showed a rapid elevation of [Ca2+]i from basal levels of 130 nM to 500 to 800 nM at the metaphase-anaphase transition. The [Ca2+]i transient was brief, lasting approximately 20 seconds and the elevated [Ca2+]i appeared uniformly distributed over the entire spindle and central region of the cell. The close temporal association of the [Ca2+]i transient with the onset of anaphase suggests that calcium may have a signaling role in this event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poenie, M -- Alderton, J -- Steinhardt, R -- Tsien, R -- EY04372/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM31004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):886-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anaphase ; Animals ; Benzofurans ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fura-2 ; Mitosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    The site of attachment in human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: WIN 51711 and WIN 52084 are structurally related, antiviral compounds that inhibit the replication of rhino (common cold) viruses and related picornaviruses. They prevent the pH-mediated uncoating of the viral RNA. The compounds consist of a 3-methylisoxazole group that inserts itself into the hydrophobic interior of the VP1 beta-barrel, a connecting seven-membered aliphatic chain, and a 4-oxazolinylphenoxy group (OP) that covers the entrance to an ion channel in the floor of the "canyon." Viral disassembly may be inhibited by preventing the collapse of the VP1 hydrophobic pocket or by blocking the flow of ions into the virus interior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, T J -- Kremer, M J -- Luo, M -- Vriend, G -- Arnold, E -- Kamer, G -- Rossmann, M G -- McKinlay, M A -- Diana, G D -- Otto, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1286-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Isoxazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Poliovirus/drug effects/metabolism ; Rhinovirus/*drug effects/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Replicative and cytopathic potential of HTLV-III/LAV with sor gene deletions (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: The genome of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) has the potential to encode at least three polypeptides in addition to those encoded by the gag, pol, and env genes. In this study, the product of the sor (short open reading frame) region, which overlaps the 3' end of the pol gene, was found to be a protein with a molecular weight of 23,000. An assay was developed for testing the ability of cloned HTLV-III proviruses to produce viruses cytopathic for T4+ lymphocytes. In the cell line used, C8166, neither the HTLV-III sor gene product nor the complete 3'-orf gene product were necessary for the replication or cytopathic effects of the HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodroski, J -- Goh, W C -- Rosen, C -- Tartar, A -- Portetelle, D -- Burny, A -- Haseltine, W -- CA07580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA40658/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1549-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/pathogenicity ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Retroviridae Proteins/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: Experiments were conducted to isolate and characterize the gene and gene product of a human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor with pluripotent biological activities. This factor has the ability to induce differentiation of a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B(D+) and cells from patients with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). A complementary DNA copy of the gene encoding a pluripotent human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant form of hG-CSF is capable of supporting neutrophil proliferation in a CFU-GM assay. In addition, recombinant hG-CSF can support early erythroid colonies and mixed colony formation. Competitive binding studies done with 125I-labeled hG-CSF and cell samples from two patients with newly diagnosed human leukemias as well as WEHI-3B(D+) cells showed that one of the human leukemias (ANLL, classified as M4) and the WEHI-3B(D+) cells have receptors for hG-CSF. Furthermore, the murine WEHI-3B(D+) cells and human leukemic cells classified as M2, M3, and M4 were induced by recombinant hG-CSF to undergo terminal differentiation to macrophages and granulocytes. The secreted form of the protein produced by the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 was found to be O-glycosylated and to have a molecular weight of 19,600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Souza, L M -- Boone, T C -- Gabrilove, J -- Lai, P H -- Zsebo, K M -- Murdock, D C -- Chazin, V R -- Bruszewski, J -- Lu, H -- Chen, K K -- CA00966/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA20194/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA32516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):61-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2420009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/genetics/*pharmacology ; DNA/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granulocytes/*physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/*pathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Detection of papillomavirus DNA in human semen (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-14
    Description: Human papillomavirus DNA has been detected in the semen of three patients, two of whom have severe chronic wart disease. These data support the contention that sexual transmission of human papillomavirus DNA could occur via semen, a possibility suggested by epidemiological data on the sexual transmission of human papillomavirus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrow, R S -- Zachow, K R -- Niimura, M -- Okagaki, T -- Muller, S -- Bender, M -- Faras, A J -- CA 25462/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 14;231(4739):731-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification ; Semen/*microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; Warts/*microbiology/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Participation of c-myc protein in DNA synthesis of human cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: The protein product of oncogene c-myc is believed to be important in regulation of the cell cycle. However, its direct role in DNA synthesis has not been explored. Experiments presented here show that the addition of affinity-purified antibodies against the human c-myc protein to nuclei isolated from several types of human cells reversibly inhibited DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity of these nuclei. This suggests that c-myc encodes a protein that is functionally involved in DNA synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Studzinski, G P -- Brelvi, Z S -- Feldman, S C -- Watt, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):467-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3532322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cell-Free System ; DNA/biosynthesis ; *DNA Replication ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*physiology ; *Proto-Oncogenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Immortalization of human T lymphocytes after transfection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, has the ability to transform human B lymphocytes. No other cell type has been experimentally transformed by EBV, either by intact virions or naked viral DNA and subgenomic fragments. Two immortalized human T-lymphoblastoid cell lines have now been established by transfecting cord blood lymphocytes with purified B95-8 viral DNA enclosed in fusogenic Sendai virus envelopes (RSVE) and then exposing the cells to EBV from a P3HR-1 cell subclone. One of these lines, which has been fully characterized, is termed HBD-1. This line is positive for EBV DNA and expresses surface OKT11, OKT4, and Tac receptors, but not M-1, mu immunoglobulin chains, EBV receptors, or B-1 surface markers. The cells contain fully rearranged T-cell receptor genes and germline immunoglobulin genes. The karyotype of the cells is normal, they do not require interleukin-2 for growth, and do not contain human T-lymphotropic virus type I. However, the HBD-1 cells contain incomplete EBV genomes and express several EBV-determined antigens, including the early antigen type D, membrane antigens, but not EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). This association of the EBV genome with permanently growing hematopoietic cells of non B-cell lineage should prove useful in studies on the mechanism of EBV-mediated cell transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevenson, M -- Volsky, B -- Hedenskog, M -- Volsky, D J -- CA33386/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA37465/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):980-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology/physiology ; *Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Calcium antagonist receptors in cardiomyopathic hamster: selective increases in heart, muscle, brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster has a hereditary disease in which a progressive myocardial necrosis mimics human forms of cardiac hypertrophy. Lesions are associated with calcium overload and can be prevented with the calcium antagonist verapamil. Numbers of receptor binding sites for calcium antagonists in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle were markedly increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The uptake of calcium-45 into brain synaptosomes was also increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The increase in calcium antagonist receptors and related voltage-sensitive calcium channels may be involved in the pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, J A -- Reynolds, I J -- Weisman, H F -- Dudeck, P -- Weisfeldt, M L -- Snyder, S H -- HL-17655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*physiopathology ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart/physiopathology ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Muscle, Smooth/analysis/metabolism ; Muscles/*analysis/metabolism/physiopathology ; Myocardium/*analysis/metabolism ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Nitrendipine ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*analysis/metabolism/physiology ; Synaptosomes/metabolism ; Verapamil/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Expression and characterization of the trans-activator of HTLV-III/LAV virus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: The human T-lymphotropic retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV encodes a trans-activator that increases viral gene expression. We expressed this trans-activator in animal cells and studied its structural and functional characteristics. The putative trans-activator protein was immunoprecipitated from overproducing stable cell lines and shown to migrate as a 14-kilodalton polypeptide on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. S1 nuclease mapping experiments showed that the trans-activator increases the levels of steady-state messenger RNA transcribed from the viral long terminal repeat promoter. Sequences within the R region of the HTLV-III/LAV long terminal repeat are essential for trans-activation. Quantitations of messenger RNA and protein showed that the protein increase was greater than the messenger RNA increase in CV1 and HeLa cells, indicating that more than one mechanism was responsible for the trans-activation and that cell type-specific factors may determine the final level of trans-activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, C M -- Felber, B K -- Paskalis, H -- Pavlakis, G N -- N01-CO-23909/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):988-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Products, rev ; HIV/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Retroviridae Proteins/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Virus Activation ; rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 12
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    Activation of mouse T-helper cells induces abundant preproenkephalin mRNA synthesis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: Antigenic or mitogenic stimulation of T cells induces the secretion of an array of protein hormones that regulate immune responses. Molecular cloning has contributed strongly to our present understanding of the nature of this regulation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) library prepared from a cloned concanavalin A-activated mouse T-helper cell line was screened for abundant and induction-specific cDNA's. One such randomly chosen cDNA was found to encode mouse preproenkephalin messenger RNA (mRNA). Preproenkephalin mRNA represented about 0.4 percent of the mRNA in the activated cell line but was absent in resting cells of this line. Other induced T-helper cell lines have 0.1 to 0.5 percent of their mRNA as preproenkephalin mRNA. Induced T-helper cell culture supernatants have [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive material. The production by activated T cells of a peptide neurotransmitter identifies a signal that can potentially permit T cells to modulate the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zurawski, G -- Benedik, M -- Kamb, B J -- Abrams, J S -- Zurawski, S M -- Lee, F D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Enkephalins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 13
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    Chromosome Y-specific DNA is transferred to the short arm of X chromosome in human XX males (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Y-chromosomal DNA is present in the genomes of most human XX males. In these cases, maleness is probably due to the presence of the Y-encoded testis-determining factor (TDF). By means of in situ hybridization of a probe (pDP105) detecting Y-specific DNA to metaphases from three XX males, it was demonstrated that the Y DNA is located on the tip of the short arm of an X chromosome. This finding supports the hypothesis that XX maleness is frequently the result of transfer of Y DNA, including TDF, to a paternally derived X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, M -- Page, D C -- de la Chapelle, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Male ; Metaphase ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
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  • 14
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    Brain architecture: beyond genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):155-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Chickens ; Genes ; Humans ; Language Development ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 15
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    Human beta-adrenoceptors: relation of myocardial and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor density (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: In human right atria obtained from 21 patients during open-heart surgery, beta-adrenoceptor density [assessed by iodine-125-labeled (-)-cyanopindolol binding] and responsiveness (positive inotropic responses to isoprenaline) were linearly related to the beta-adrenoceptor density in the corresponding circulating lymphocytes. This direct relation of human myocardial and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor alterations, therefore, makes it possible to monitor drug- or disease-induced beta-adrenoceptor changes in tissues not easily accessible in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodde, O E -- Kretsch, R -- Ikezono, K -- Zerkowski, H R -- Reidemeister, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1584-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Aminoguanidine prevents diabetes-induced arterial wall protein cross-linking (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: Age-associated increases in collagen cross-linking and accumulation of advanced glycosylation products are both accelerated by diabetes, suggesting that glucose-derived cross-link formation may contribute to the development of chronic diabetic complications as well as certain physical changes of aging. Aminoguanidine, a nucleophilic hydrazine compound, prevented both the formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and the formation of glucose-derived collagen cross-links in vitro. Aminoguanidine administration to rats was equally effective in preventing diabetes-induced formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and cross-linking of arterial wall connective tissue protein in vivo. The identification of aminoguanidine as an inhibitor of advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation product formation now makes possible precise experimental definition of the pathogenetic significance of this process and suggests a potential clinical role for aminoguanidine in the future treatment of chronic diabetic complications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, M -- Vlassara, H -- Kooney, A -- Ulrich, P -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- R01-AM 33861/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1629-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/*drug effects/metabolism ; Collagen/metabolism ; Connective Tissue/drug effects/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Guanidines/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 17
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    Atrial natriuretic peptide elevation in congestive heart failure in the human (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide was used to examine the relation between circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac filling pressure in normal human subjects, in patients with cardiovascular disease and normal cardiac filling pressure, and in patients with cardiovascular disease and elevated cardiac filling pressure with and without congestive heart failure. The present studies establish a normal range for atrial natriuretic peptide in normal human subjects. These studies also establish that elevated cardiac filling pressure is associated with increased circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and that congestive heart failure is not characterized by a deficiency in atrial natriuretic peptide, but with its elevation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnett, J C Jr -- Kao, P C -- Hu, D C -- Heser, D W -- Heublein, D -- Granger, J P -- Opgenorth, T J -- Reeder, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2935937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Female ; Heart Failure/*blood ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay
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  • 18
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    Gene transfer and molecular cloning of the human NGF receptor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor are important in the development of cells derived from the neural crest. Mouse L cell transformants have been generated that stably express the human NGF receptor gene transfer with total human DNA. Affinity cross-linking, metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation, and equilibrium binding with 125I-labeled NGF revealed that this NGF receptor had the same size and binding characteristics as the receptor from human melanoma cells and rat PC12 cells. The sequences encoding the NGF receptor were molecularly cloned using the human Alu repetitive sequence as a probe. A cosmid clone that contained the human NGF receptor gene allowed efficient transfection and expression of the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chao, M V -- Bothwell, M A -- Ross, A H -- Koprowski, H -- Lanahan, A A -- Buck, C R -- Sehgal, A -- NS-17551/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-23343-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS21072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Perfumes and preference (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easton, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; *Perfume ; Rats ; *Sexual Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Estrogen-induced factors of breast cancer cells partially replace estrogen to promote tumor growth (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-06-20
    Description: The hormone 17 beta-estradiol acts through its receptor system to induce MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In vitro studies have identified the production of estrogen-induced growth factors from MCF-7 cells that may have a role in growth control. These induced growth factors were sufficient to stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice, thus partially replacing estradiol. Growth factors may act as estrogen-induced "second messengers" in estrogen-responsive growth of human breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickson, R B -- McManaway, M E -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 20;232(4757):1540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Estradiol/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Ovariectomy ; Receptors, Estradiol/*physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen/*physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 21
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    Calcium modulation activates Epstein-Barr virus genome in latently infected cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-06-20
    Description: In many viral infections the host cell carries the viral genome without producing viral particles, a phenomenon known as viral latency. The cellular mechanisms by which viral latency is maintained or viral replication is induced are not known. The modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations by calcium ionophores induced Epstein-Barr viral antigens in lymphoblastoid cell lines that carry the virus. When calcium ionophores were used in conjunction with direct activators of protein kinase C (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate and a synthetic diacylglycerol), a greater induction of viral antigens was observed than with either agent alone. Activation of protein kinase C may be required for the expression of the viral genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faggioni, A -- Zompetta, C -- Grimaldi, S -- Barile, G -- Frati, L -- Lazdins, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 20;232(4757):1554-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3012779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoquinolines ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Culture Media ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Genes, Viral/*drug effects ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/drug effects/*genetics ; Humans ; Ionomycin ; Kinetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Age-dependent changes in proteins of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: Several molecular theories of aging postulate that there are age-dependent changes in gene expression and that these changes contribute to the reduction in the viability of senescent cells. High-resolution, semiautomated, quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of many soluble proteins was used to test this hypothesis in Drosophila. Two-dimensional protein gel patterns were analyzed for each of three age groups of [(35)S]methionine-labeled adult male Drosophila melanogaster, which, except for their spermatocytes, consist entirely of fixed postmitotic cells. Seven relatively abundant polypeptides expressed in middle-aged (28-day-old) flies were absent in both young(10-day-old) and old (44-day-old) flies. Quantitative analyses of an additional 100 polypeptides were carried out by computer-assisted microdensitometry of fluorograms of the gel preparations. These analyses revealed a significant age-related heterogeneity in the quantitative distribution of radiolabel in these proteins. The data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies, but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the Drosophila life-span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, J E -- Quattrocki, E -- Latter, G -- Miquel, J -- Marcuson, R -- Zuckerkandl, E -- Bensch, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3080809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 23
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    Circulating atrial natriuretic peptides in conscious rats: regulation of release by multiple factors (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: Cardiocytes in the atria contain a prohormone that gives rise to atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP's), which have intrinsic hemodynamic regulatory activity. The distribution of ANP's in the brain suggests the involvement of these peptides in central cardiovascular regulation. In conscious rats with chronic indwelling catheters, volume loading with isotonic saline or glucose increased the amount of circulating immunoreactive ANP's by a factor of 4 to 5, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Hyperosmotic challenge with a hypertonic NaCl solution or anesthesia with halothane caused similar increases in plasma ANP's. Results obtained with the denervated-heart preparation indicate that neuronal influences are important in the release of ANP's induced by volume loading. As judged from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of extracted plasma and radioimmunoassay of collected fractions, the circulating physiologically important ANP's in the conscious rodent appear to be alpha-rANP(5-28) (atriopeptin III) and either alpha-rANP(3-28) [ANF(8-33)] or alpha-rANP(1-28) (ANF).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eskay, R -- Zukowska-Grojec, Z -- Haass, M -- Dave, J R -- Zamir, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):636-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthesia ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood/isolation & purification/physiology/*secretion ; Blood Volume ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Consciousness/physiology ; Halothane/pharmacology ; Heart/innervation ; Heart Atria/drug effects/secretion ; Male ; Osmotic Pressure ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 24
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    Deregulation of c-myc by translocation of the alpha-locus of the T-cell receptor in T-cell leukemias (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Two human T-cell leukemias carrying a t(8;14)(q24;q11) chromosome translocation were studied for rearrangements and expression of the c-myc oncogene. For one leukemia, rearrangement was detected in a region immediately distal (3') to the c-myc locus; no rearrangements of c-myc were observed in the second case (DeF). However, studies with hybrids between human and mouse leukemic T cells indicated that in the leukemic cells of DeF, the breakpoint in chromosome 14 occurred between genes for the variable (V alpha) and the constant (C alpha) regions for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha locus had translocated to a region more than 38 kilobases 3' to the involved c-myc oncogene. Since human c-myc transcripts were expressed only in hybrids carrying the 8q+ chromosome but not in hybrids containing the normal chromosome 8, it is concluded that the translocation of the C alpha locus 3' to the c-myc oncogene can result in its transcriptional deregulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- Finger, L -- Sun, L -- ar-Rushdi, A -- Nishikura, K -- Minowada, J -- Finan, J -- Emanuel, B S -- Nowell, P C -- Croce, C M -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA25875/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA39860/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3486470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; *T-Lymphocytes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 25
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    Induction of HTLV-III/LAV from a nonvirus-producing T-cell line: implications for latency (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: When the human T-cell line A3.01 is infected with HTLV-III/LAV, the virus associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), most of the cells are killed. However, a small number of cells that lack the Leu-3 surface marker survive. Under normal conditions these surviving cells do not produce virus, nor can they be infected by the virus, but they can be induced to produce virus by treatment with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. This response can be induced for as long as 3 months after the initial infection, suggesting that the cells may harbor a latent form of HTLV-III/LAV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folks, T -- Powell, D M -- Lightfoote, M M -- Benn, S -- Martin, M A -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/microbiology ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/*growth & development ; Humans ; Idoxuridine/pharmacology ; Models, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; *Virus Activation/drug effects
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  • 26
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    Inhibition of development of exoerythrocytic forms of malaria parasites by gamma-interferon (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: A specific DNA probe was used to study the effect of recombinant rat, mouse, and human gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) on the course of sporozoite-induced malaria infections. In mice and rats infected with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, mouse and rat gamma-IFN's strongly inhibited the development of the exoerythrocytic forms in the liver liver cells of the hosts, but not the development of the erythrocytic stages. The degree of inhibition of the exoerythrocytic forms was proportional to the dose of gamma-IFN administered, but was independent of the number of sporozoites used for challenge. A 30 percent reduction in the development of exoerythrocytic forms in rat liver was achieved when 150 units (about 15 nanograms of protein) of rat gamma-IFN were injected a few hours before sporozoite challenge; the reduction was 90 percent or more with higher doses of gamma-IFN. The effect was less pronounced if the gamma-IFN was administered 18 hours before or a few hours after challenge. Human gamma-IFN also diminished the parasitemia in chimpanzees infected with sporozoites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. The target of gamma-IFN activity may be the infected hepatocytes themselves, as shown by in vitro experiments in which small doses of the human lymphokine inhibited the development of exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei in a human hepatoma cell line. These results suggest that immunologically induced interferon may be involved in controlling malaria infection under natural conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferreira, A -- Schofield, L -- Enea, V -- Schellekens, H -- van der Meide, P -- Collins, W E -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Nussenzweig, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):881-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3085218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Liver/cytology ; Malaria/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Pan troglodytes ; Plasmodium berghei/drug effects ; Plasmodium vivax/drug effects ; Toxoplasma/drug effects
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  • 27
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    ras-transformed cells: altered levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and catabolites (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Steady-state cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol phosphates have been measured in two different fibroblast cell lines (NIH 3T3 and NRK cells) before and after transformation with three different ras genes. At high cell density the ratio of DAG to PIP2 was 2.5- to 3-fold higher in the ras-transformed cells than in their untransformed counterparts. The sum of the water-soluble breakdown products of the polyphosphoinositides, inositol-1,4-bisphosphate and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, was also elevated in ras-transformed NRK cells compared with nontransformed NRK cells. These findings suggest that the ras (p21) protein may act by affecting these levels, possibly as a regulatory element in the PIP2 breakdown pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleischman, L F -- Chahwala, S B -- Cantley, L -- GM 36133/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):407-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*analysis ; Diglycerides/analysis ; Humans ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; Inositol Phosphates/analysis ; *Oncogenes ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/*analysis ; Rats
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  • 28
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    Neuronal properties of clonal hybrid cell lines derived from central cholinergic neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Clonal cell lines derived from specific types of central neurons can be used to identify and characterize properties specific to those neurons. With somatic cell fusion techniques, nine clonal hybrid cell lines have been developed from the septal region of the mouse basal forebrain. Two lines express characteristics typical of cholinergic neurons--choline acetyltransferase activity and immunoreactivity, neurite formation with neurofilament protein immunoreactivity, and aggregation in rotation-mediated cell culture. These cell lines may be useful for studying the trophic interactions that support the development and maintenance of central cholinergic connections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammond, D N -- Wainer, B H -- Tonsgard, J H -- Heller, A -- HD04583/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07195/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS17661/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Cell Line ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Cholinergic Fibers/*physiology ; Clone Cells ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology
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    The neuroendocrine thymus: coexistence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the human thymus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin were identified and measured by radioimmunoassay in human thymus extracts. Serial dilutions of extracts paralleled the appropriate standard curves. Thymus-extracted oxytocin and neurophysin eluted in the same positions as reference preparations on Sephadex G-75. Authenticity of oxytocin was confirmed by biological assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In most instances, thymus contents of oxytocin and neurophysin were far greater than those expected from known circulating concentrations and declined with increasing age. The molar ratio of oxytocin to neurophysin in thymus was similar to that found in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, which strongly suggested with the other data a local synthesis of oxytocin. These findings indicate the presence of neurohypophyseal peptides in the human thymus and further support the concept of a neuroendocrine function integrated in an immune structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geenen, V -- Legros, J J -- Franchimont, P -- Baudrihaye, M -- Defresne, M P -- Boniver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis/physiopathology ; Neurophysins/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Oxytocin/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thymus Gland/*analysis/physiology/physiopathology
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    Induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Monocytes are a subpopulation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which when appropriately activated by the regulatory hormones of the immune system, are capable of becoming macrophages--potent effector cells for immune response to tumors and parasites. A complementary DNA for the T lymphocyte-derived lymphokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), has been cloned, and recombinant GM-CSF protein has been expressed in yeast and purified to homogeneity. This purified human recombinant GM-CSF stimulated peripheral blood monocytes in vitro to become cytotoxic for the malignant melanoma cell line A375. Another T cell-derived lymphokine, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), also stimulated peripheral blood monocytes to become tumoricidal against this malignant cell line. When IFN-gamma activates monocytes to become tumoricidal, additional stimulation by exogenously added lipopolysaccharide is required. No such exogenous signals were required for the activation of monocytes by GM-CSF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grabstein, K H -- Urdal, D L -- Tushinski, R J -- Mochizuki, D Y -- Price, V L -- Cantrell, M A -- Gillis, S -- Conlon, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/biosynthesis/*pharmacology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/*drug effects ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Macrophages/*drug effects ; Melanoma/immunology ; Monocytes/drug effects ; Neoplasms/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/pharmacology
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    Nutrition policy controversies (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):810-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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    Ultraviolet irradiation transforms C3H10T1/2 cells to a unique, suppressible phenotype (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: Transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation followed by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) has been used as a model of two-stage carcinogenesis. However, cells cloned from UV-TPA-induced foci (UV-TDTx cells) had a unique phenotype. Cloned UV-TDTx cells appeared transformed in pure culture but were unable to form foci when cocultured with C3H10T1/2 cells. However, in the presence of TPA, UV-TDTx cells form foci in mixed culture with C3H10T1/2 cells. This phenotype was the only one observed for UV-TPA transformants. These data suggest that communal suppression of cell division is a discrete phenomenon that must be overcome as one step in the multistage process of transformation, and this protocol permits the routine isolation of transformed cells responsive to density-dependent growth suppression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herschman, H R -- Brankow, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects/radiation effects ; Clone Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Phenotype ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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    Thyroid hormone induction of an autocrine growth factor secreted by pituitary tumor cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Thyroid hormones stimulate the rate of cell division by poorly understood mechanisms. The possibility that thyroid hormones increase cell growth by stimulating secretion of a growth factor was investigated. Thyroid hormones are nearly an absolute requirement for the division of GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells plated at low density. Conditioned media from cells grown with or without L-triiodothyronine (T3) were treated with an ion exchange resin to remove T3 and were tested for ability to stimulate the division of GH4C1 cells. Conditioned medium from T3-treated cells was as active as thyroid hormone at promoting GH4C1 cell growth but did not elicit other thyroid hormone responses, induction of growth hormone, and down-regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors, as effectively as T3 did. A substance or substances associated with T3-induced growth stimulatory activity migrated at high molecular weight at neutral pH and was different from known growth-promoting hormones induced by T3. The results demonstrate that thyroid hormones stimulate the division of GH4C1 pituitary cells by stimulating the secretion of an autocrine growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinkle, P M -- Kinsella, P A -- AM 32847/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM/NS 00827/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- CA 11198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3097825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/metabolism ; Growth Substances/*secretion ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Pituitary Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/*pharmacology
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    Researchers grapple with problems of updating classic psychological test (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Mmpi ; Male ; United States
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    New growth industry in human growth hormone? (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 3;234(4772):22-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Height/drug effects ; Child ; Female ; *Growth Hormone/biosynthesis/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/therapeutic use
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  • 36
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    Evolution of color vision (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalmus, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 4;233(4759):14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Color Vision Defects/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Saimiri
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    Researchers hunt for Alzheimer's disease gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Family ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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  • 38
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    Cerebellar vermis: essential for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The acoustic startle response in rats shows both short-term habituation, which recovers in seconds or minutes, and long-term habituation, which is effectively permanent. Lesions of the cerebellar vermis significantly attenuated long-term habituation without affecting the short-term process or altering initial response levels. In this response system the cerebellar vermis is part of an essential circuit for long-term habituation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leaton, R N -- Supple, W F Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Reflex, Startle/*physiology ; Reticular Formation/analysis/physiology
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  • 39
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    Presence of nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in human organs commonly damaged by ethanol abuse (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Acetaldehyde, the end product of oxidative ethanol metabolism, contributes to alcohol-induced disease in the liver, but cannot account for damage in organs such as the pancreas, heart, or brain, where oxidative metabolism is minimal or absent; nor can it account for the varied patterns of organ damage found in chronic alcoholics. Thus other biochemical mediators may be important in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced organ damage. Many human organs were found to metabolize ethanol through a recently described nonoxidative pathway to form fatty acid ethyl esters. Organs lacking oxidative alcohol metabolism yet frequently damaged by ethanol abuse have high fatty acid ethyl ester synthetic activities and show substantial transient accumulations of fatty acid ethyl esters. Thus nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in addition to the oxidative pathway may be important in the pathophysiology of ethanol-induced disease in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laposata, E A -- Lange, L G -- HL-30152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Alcoholism/*metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Brain/metabolism ; Ethanol/*metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oleic Acids/biosynthesis ; Organ Specificity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pancreas/metabolism ; Testis/metabolism
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  • 40
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    All members of the MHC multigene family respond to thyroid hormone in a highly tissue-specific manner (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In mammals different isoforms of myosin heavy chain are encoded by the members of a multigene family. The expression of each gene of this family is regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner as well as by hormonal and various pathological stimuli. In this study the molecular basis of isoform switches induced in myosin heavy chain by thyroid hormone was investigated. The expression of the myosin heavy chain gene family was analyzed in seven different muscles of adult rats subjected to hypo- or hyperthyroidism with complementary DNA probes specific for six different myosin heavy chain genes. The results demonstrate that all six genes are responsive to thyroid hormone. More interestingly, the same myosin heavy chain gene can be regulated by thyroid hormone in highly different modes, even in opposite directions, depending on the tissue in which it is expressed. Furthermore, the skeletal embryonic and neonatal myosin heavy chain genes, so far considered specific to these two developmental stages, can be reinduced by hypothyroidism in specific adult muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Izumo, S -- Nadal-Ginard, B -- Mahdavi, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diaphragm/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism ; Genes/*drug effects ; Heart/drug effects/growth & development ; Hyperthyroidism/metabolism ; Hypothyroidism/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle Development ; Muscles/drug effects/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myosins/*genetics ; Rats ; Thyroid Hormones/*pharmacology
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  • 41
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    Pertussis toxin inhibition of B cell and macrophage responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: Lipopolysaccharide, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, activates B lymphocytes and macrophages. Pertussis toxin, which inactivates several members of the G protein family of signaling components, including Gi and transducin, was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced responses of the WEHI-231 B lymphoma cell line and the P388D1 macrophage cell line. These results, combined with the demonstration that lipopolysaccharide inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in P388D1 cells, strongly argues that lipopolysaccharide activation of cells is mediated by a Gi-like receptor-effector coupling protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jakway, J P -- DeFranco, A L -- AI-20038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenylate Cyclase Toxin ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Escherichia coli ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Interleukin-1/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Macrophage Activation/drug effects ; Macrophages/*physiology ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/*pharmacology
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  • 42
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    Systemic ethanol: selective enhancement of responses to acetylcholine and somatostatin in hippocampus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: In rat hippocampal pyramidal cells tested in situ by iontophoresis of several neurotransmitters, ethanol significantly enhanced excitatory responses to acetylcholine and inhibitory responses to somatostatin-14 but had no statistically significant effect on excitatory responses to glutamate or inhibitory responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid or, in preliminary tests, to norepinephrine or serotonin. The effects of ethanol on responses to acetylcholine and somatostatin-14 may provide insight into synaptic mechanisms underlying the behavioral consequences of ethanol intoxication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mancillas, J R -- Siggins, G R -- Bloom, F E -- AA-06420/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM-26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2867600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Goldfish ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Somatostatin/*pharmacology ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    The slow, insidious natures of the HTLV's (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):450-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/transmission ; Deltaretrovirus/*pathogenicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex ; United States
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  • 44
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    The hypogonadal mouse: reproductive functions restored by gene therapy (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse lacks a complete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene and consequently cannot reproduce. Introduction of an intact GnRH gene into the genome of these mutant mice resulted in complete reversal of the hypogonadal phenotype. Transgenic hpg/hpg homozygotes of both sexes were capable of mating and producing offspring. Pituitary and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin were restored to those of normal animals. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that GnRH expression was restored in the appropriate hypothalamic neurons of the transgenic hpg animals, an indication of neural-specific expression of the introduced gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, A J -- Pitts, S L -- Nikolics, K -- Szonyi, E -- Wilcox, J N -- Seeburg, P H -- Stewart, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1372-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3097822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypogonadism/*genetics ; Hypothalamus/analysis/cytology ; Infertility/genetics/*therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/analysis ; Phenotype ; Prolactin/blood ; Tissue Distribution
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    Age and infertility (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: Direct evidence on age patterns of infecundity and sterility cannot be obtained from contemporary populations because such large fractions of couples use contraception or have been sterilized. Instead, historical data are exploited to yield upper bounds applicable to contemporary populations on the proportions sterile at each age. Examination of recent changes in sexual behavior that may increase infecundity indicates that sexually transmitted infections, the prime candidate for hypothesized rises in infertility, are unlikely to have added to infecundity to any great extent. These results imply that a woman in a monogamous union faces only moderate increases in the probability of becoming sterile (or infecund) until her late thirties. Nevertheless, it appears that recent changes in reproductive behavior were guaranteed to result in the perception that infecundity is on the rise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menken, J -- Trussell, J -- Larsen, U -- HD11720/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1389-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; *Aging ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*epidemiology ; Infertility, Male/*epidemiology ; Male ; Marriage ; Middle Aged ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mechanism of the rapid effect of 17 beta-estradiol on medial amygdala neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: The mechanism by which sex steroids rapidly modulate the excitability of neurons was investigated by intracellular recording of neurons in rat medial amygdala brain slices. Brief hyperpolarization and increased potassium conductance were produced by 17 beta-estradiol. This effect persisted after elimination of synaptic input and after suppression of protein synthesis. Thus, 17 beta-estradiol directly changes the ionic conductance of the postsynaptic membrane of medial amygdala neurons. In addition, a greater proportion of the neurons from females than from males responded to 17 beta-estradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabekura, J -- Oomura, Y -- Minami, T -- Mizuno, Y -- Fukuda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*drug effects ; Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A macrophage-derived factor required by plasmacytomas for survival and proliferation in vitro (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Plasmacytoma (PCT) cell lines dependent for proliferation and survival on a factor elaborated by the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, were established in vitro. Adherent peritoneal cells induced by pristane produced 50-fold greater amounts of this activity in vitro than did resident cells. The molecules responsible for plasmacytoma growth were distinct from a number of characterized factors including interleukin-1, -2, and -3, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, B-cell stimulatory factor-1, B-cell growth factor II, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and gamma- and beta-interferon, none of which were able to support the growth of the factor-dependent PCT cell lines. These results suggest that PCT growth factor may be a novel factor that has not been previously characterized and, further, that its production is associated with the pristane-induced, chronic peritoneal inflammatory response that precedes plasmacytoma formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordan, R P -- Potter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Growth Substances/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Plasmacytoma/*physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sex and needles, not insects and pigs, spread AIDS in Florida town (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/classification/epidemiology/*transmission ; Arbovirus Infections/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Military AIDS testing offers research bonus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; *Military Medicine ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    AIDS in Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in countries throughout the world. Initial surveillance studies in Central Africa suggest an annual incidence of AIDS of 550 to 1000 cases per million adults. The male to female ratio of cases is 1:1, with age- and sex-specific rates greater in females less than 30 years of age and greater in males over age 40. Clinically, AIDS in Africans is often characterized by a diarrhea-wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and cryptosporidiosis, or disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. From 1 to 18% of healthy blood donors and pregnant women and as many as 27 to 88% of female prostitutes have antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present annual incidence of infection is approximately 0.75% among the general population of Central and East Africa. The disease is transmitted predominantly by heterosexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood transfusions and unsterilized needles, and perinatally from infected mothers to their newborns, and will continue to spread rapidly where economic and cultural factors favor these modes of transmission. Prevention and control of HIV infection through educational programs and blood bank screening should be an immediate public health priority for all African countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quinn, T C -- Mann, J M -- Curran, J W -- Piot, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):955-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/history/transmission ; Africa ; Age Factors ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Blood Transfusion ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Pregnancy ; Prostitution ; Retroviridae/isolation & purification ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Maleness pinpointed on Y chromosome (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1076-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/genetics ; Humans ; Lizards ; Male ; Mice ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Epidemiology of drug abuse: an overview (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Issues regarding the use of epidemiology in drug abuse research are discussed and systems for monitoring national trends and identifying risk factors are described. Data indicate a general decline in marijuana use among youth, a cohort aging effect among heroin and marijuana users, and increased prevalence and health consequences associated with cocaine use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozel, N J -- Adams, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):970-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cocaine ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Heroin ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Risk ; Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
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    Hu-ets-1 and Hu-ets-2 genes are transposed in acute leukemias with (4;11) and (8;21) translocations (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Human probes identifying the cellular homologs of the v-ets gene, Hu-ets-1 and Hu-ets-2, and two panels of rodent-human cell hybrids were used to study specific translocations occurring in acute leukemias. The human ets-1 gene was found to translocate from chromosome 11 to 4 in the t(4;11)(q21;23), a translocation characteristic of a subtype of leukemia that represents the expansion of a myeloid/lymphoid precursor cell. Similarly, the human ets-2 gene was found to translocate from chromosome 21 to chromosome 8 in the t(8;21)(q22;q22), a nonrandom translocation commonly found in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with morphology M2 (AML-M2). Both translocations are associated with expression different from the expression in normal lymphoid cells of ets genes, raising the possibility that these genes play a role in the pathogenesis of these leukemias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sacchi, N -- Watson, D K -- Guerts van Kessel, A H -- Hagemeijer, A -- Kersey, J -- Drabkin, H D -- Patterson, D -- Papas, T S -- AG00029/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD17449/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 54
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    Human melanoma proteoglycan: expression in hybrids controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic signals (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: Human malignant melanoma cells express specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (mel-CSPG) on the surface, both in vivo and in vitro. Melanocytes in normal skin show no detectable mel-CSPG but can be induced to express the antigen when cultured in the presence of cholera toxin and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Most other cell types do not express mel-CSPG either in vivo or in vitro. A study was designed to examine regulatory signals controlling mel-CSPG expression. The gene encoding mel-CSPG was mapped to human chromosome 15, and this chromosome was introduced into rodent cells derived from distinct differentiation lineages. Three types of mel-CSPG--expressing hybrids were found: (i) hybrids derived from human melanomas; (ii) hybrids derived from human cells that do not express mel-CSPG; and (iii) hybrids derived from human cells expressing mel-CSPG that are antigen-negative but that are induced to express mel-CSPG when cultured on extracellular matrix instead of plastic surfaces. Thus, mel-CSPG expression can be controlled both through intrinsic signals, provided by the differentiation program of the rodent fusion partner, and through extrinsic signals, provided by specific cell-matrix interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rettig, W J -- Real, F X -- Spengler, B A -- Biedler, J L -- Old, L J -- CA-08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3633135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggrecans ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; *Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Melanocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Melanoma/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; *Proteoglycans ; Rats ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The E5 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus encodes a small, hydrophobic polypeptide (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: Bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) contains two independent transforming genes that have been mapped to the E5 and E6 open reading frames (ORF's). The E5 transforming protein was identified by means of an antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 20 COOH-terminal amino acids of the E5 ORF. The E5 polypeptide is the smallest viral transforming protein yet characterized; it had an apparent size of 7 kilodaltons. The transforming polypeptide is encoded entirely within the second half of the E5 ORF and its predicted amino acid composition is very unusual; 68% of the amino acids are strongly hydrophobic and 34% are leucine. Cell fractionation studies localized this polypeptide predominantly to cellular membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlegel, R -- Wade-Glass, M -- Rabson, M S -- Yang, Y C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):464-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*genetics ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive functions: role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations. The central administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical ovine CRF residues 9 to 41 reversed the inhibitory action of stress. Neither its peripheral injection, nor the intraventricular injection of the inactive CRF analog des-Glu to Arg ovine CRF was effective. These results suggest that endogenous CRF may mediate some deleterious effects of noxious stimuli on reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Female ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Studies of the human c-myb gene and its product in human acute leukemias (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: The myb gene is the transforming oncogene of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV); its normal cellular homolog, c-myb, is conserved across a broad span of evolution. In humans, c-myb is expressed in malignant hematopoietic cell lines and in primary hematopoietic tumors. Partial complementary DNA clones were generated from blast cells of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The sequences of the clones were compared to the c-myb of other species, as well as the v-myb of AMV. In addition, the carboxyl terminal region of human c-myb was placed in an expression vector to obtain protein for the generation of antiserum, which was used to identify the human c-myb gene product. Like v-myb, this protein was found within the nucleus of leukemic cells where it was associated with the nuclear matrix. These studies provide further evidence that c-myb might be involved in human leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Boone, T C -- Murdock, D C -- Keith, D E -- Press, M F -- Larson, R A -- Souza, L M -- CA36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase ; Avian Leukosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing) ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; *Dihydroorotase ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/microbiology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; *Oncogenes ; Proteins/analysis
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    Early signals in the mitogenic response (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: Polypeptide growth factors, regulatory peptides, and a variety of pharmacological agents acting alone or synergistically induce mitogenesis in cultured fibroblasts. The early signals in the membrane, cytosol, and nucleus promoted by these extracellular factors, together with their mitogenic effectiveness, are integrated in a unified hypothesis for the regulation of fibroblast growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rozengurt, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):161-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombesin/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Interphase ; Ions/metabolism ; Mitogens/*pharmacology ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Oncogenes ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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    A mouse homeo box gene is expressed in spermatocytes and embryos (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: The MH-3 gene, which contains a homeo box that is expressed specifically in the adult testis, was identified and mapped to mouse chromosome 6. By means of in situ hybridization with adult testis sections and Northern blot hybridization with testis RNA from prepuberal mice and from Sl/Sld mutant mice, it was demonstrated that this gene is expressed in male germ cells during late meiosis. In the embryo, MH-3 transcripts were present at day 11.5 post coitum, a stage in mouse development when gonadal differentiation has not yet occurred. The MH-3 gene may have functions in spermatogenesis and embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, M R -- Toth, L E -- Patel, M D -- D'Eustachio, P -- Nguyen-Huu, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):663-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Genes ; Male ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Spermatocytes/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis
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    Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: A novel human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of six individuals: two HTLV-III seropositive patients from the United States (one with AIDS-related lymphoma and one with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy), three HTLV-III seronegative patients from the United States (one with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, one with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and one with immunoblastic lymphoma), and one HTLV-III seronegative patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia from Jamaica. All six isolates were closely related by antigenic analysis, and sera from all six virus-positive patients reacted immunologically with each virus isolate. In contrast, only four sera from 220 randomly selected healthy donors and none from 12 AIDS patients without associated lymphoma were seropositive. The virus selectively infected freshly isolated human B cells and converted them into large, refractile mono- or binucleated cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. HBLV is morphologically similar to viruses of the herpesvirus family but is readily distinguishable from the known human and nonhuman primate herpesviruses by host range, in vitro biological effects, and antigenic features.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salahuddin, S Z -- Ablashi, D V -- Markham, P D -- Josephs, S F -- Sturzenegger, S -- Kaplan, M -- Halligan, G -- Biberfeld, P -- Wong-Staal, F -- Kramarsky, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):596-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2876520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/microbiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Haplorhini ; Herpesviridae/*isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    In vivo competition between a metallothionein regulatory element and the SV40 enhancer (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The human metallothionein-IIA (hMT-IIA) gene contains an enhancer element within its 5' regulatory region. This enhancer element can compete with the SV40 enhancer for one or more cellular factors in vivo. The competition between the two elements is modulated by cadmium, an inducer of hMT-IIA transcription. The data presented are consistent with a model in which heavy metal ions control the ability of the hMT-IIA enhancer to bind a positive factor, leading to increased transcription. The same factor is required for maximal activity of the SV40 enhancer, which suggests that viruses utilize factors that have a normal role in cellular gene expression to control their own genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholer, H -- Haslinger, A -- Heguy, A -- Holtgreve, H -- Karin, M -- ES03222/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):76-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Genes ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kinetics ; Metallothionein/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Simian virus 40/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
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    Differences in adrenergic recognition by pancreatic A and B cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: The adrenergic control of glucose homeostasis is mediated in part through variations in the release of pancreatic hormones. In this study, purified pancreatic A and B cells were used to identify the recognition and messenger units involved in the adrenergic regulation of glucagon and insulin release. Catecholamines induced beta-adrenergic receptor activity in A cells and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activity in B cells. The two recognition units provoked opposite variations in the production of cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the beta-adrenergic unit enhancing the nucleotide's permissive effect on amino acid-induced glucagon release and the alpha 2-adrenergic unit inhibiting that upon glucose-induced insulin release. In both cell types, catecholamines interact powerfully with the synergistic control of hormone release by nutrient- and (neuro)hormone-driven messenger systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuit, F C -- Pipeleers, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/analysis ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Glucagon/secretion ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/analysis/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/*physiology
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    Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: Second-passage rat embryo cells were transfected with a neomycin resistance gene and the activated form of the c-Ha-ras I gene, or with these two genes plus the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene. Foci of morphologically transformed cells were observed in both cases; however, the frequency of transformation was at least ten times higher with two oncogenes than with the ras gene alone. All the transformed cell lines gave rise to rapidly growing tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. All but one of the cell lines transformed by the ras oncogene alone formed metastatic nodules in the lungs of animals that had been injected subcutaneously with transformed cells. When transformed cells were injected intravenously, all the ras single-gene transformants gave rise to many metastatic lung nodules. In contrast, cell lines transformed with ras and E1a did not generate metastases after subcutaneous injection and gave rise to very few metastatic lung nodules after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that a fully malignant cell with metastatic potential, as measured in an immunodeficient animal, can be obtained from early passage embryo cells by the transfection of the ras oncogene alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pozzatti, R -- Muschel, R -- Williams, J -- Padmanabhan, R -- Howard, B -- Liotta, L -- Khoury, G -- 3F32CA07245-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):223-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3456644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Genetic Engineering ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmids ; Rats/embryology ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transfection ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
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    A selective imidazobenzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol in the rat (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513, has been found to be a potent antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake into brain vesicles, but it fails to antagonize either pentobarbital- or muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake. Pretreatment of rats with Ro15-4513 blocks the anticonflict activity of low doses of ethanol (but not pentobarbital) as well as the behavioral intoxication observed with higher doses of ethanol. The effects of Ro15-4513 in antagonizing ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake and behavior are completely blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. However, other benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists fail to antagonize the actions of ethanol in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a novel interaction of Ro15-4513 with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel complex. The identification of a selective benzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake in vitro that blocks the anxiolytic and intoxicating actions of ethanol suggests that many of the neuropharmacologic actions of ethanol may be mediated via central GABA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzdak, P D -- Glowa, J R -- Crawley, J N -- Schwartz, R D -- Skolnick, P -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1243-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/drug effects ; Azides/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/*pharmacology ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Ethanol/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Flumazenil/pharmacology ; Male ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects ; Synaptosomes/drug effects
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    Catalytic antibodies (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies elicited to haptens that are analogs of the transition state for hydrolysis of carboxylic esters behaved as enzymic catalysts with the appropriate substrates. These substrates are distinguished by the structural congruence of both hydrolysis products with haptenic fragments. The haptens were potent inhibitors of this esterolytic activity, in agreement with their classification as transition state analogs. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the different chemical behavior of these antibodies with two types of ester substrates. The generation of an artificial enzyme through transition state stabilization by antibodies was thus demonstrated. These studies indicate a potentially general approach to catalyst design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tramontano, A -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM35318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1566-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; *Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Esters/immunology/metabolism ; Haptens/immunology ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics
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    Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A rod-shaped bacterium has been isolated that kills male eggs of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies. Only some wasps of this species express this son-killer trait, and these wasps have bacterial infections in various organs. The bacterium was isolated from son-killer wasp tissue and from the hemolymph of fly pupae parasitized by wasps expressing the son-killer trait. Bacteria are apparently transferred to parasitized fly pupae during wasp oviposition, and developing wasp offspring are subsequently infected perorally. Sex-ratio distortion by microorganisms is found in a variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait is in contrast to the typical pattern of cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-ratio distortion in these other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, J H -- Skinner, S W -- Huger, A M -- 5 T32 6MO7131/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Hymenoptera/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Wasps/*microbiology
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    Alterations of myc, myb, and rasHa proto-oncogenes in cancers are frequent and show clinical correlation (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: Alterations of c-myc, c-rasHa, or c-myb oncogenes were found in more than one-third of human solid tumors. Amplification of c-myc occurred in advanced, widespread tumors or in aggressive primary tumors. Apparent allelic deletions of c-rasHa and c-myb can be correlated with progression and metastasis of carcinomas and sarcomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yokota, J -- Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y -- Battifora, H -- Le Fevre, C -- Cline, M J -- CA15619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Child ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Sarcoma/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Solid phase synthesis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merrifield, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):341-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Nucleotides/*chemical synthesis ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Peptides/*chemical synthesis ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/chemical synthesis/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    AIDS in Africa (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linke, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior
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    Novel interleukin-2 receptor subunit detected by cross-linking under high-affinity conditions (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-11-14
    Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) binds to both high- and low-affinity classes of IL-2 receptors on activated T lymphocytes. Only the high-affinity receptors are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and normally transduce the mitogenic signals of IL-2; however, the structural features distinguishing the high- and low-affinity receptors are unknown. When 125I-labeled IL-2 was chemically cross-linked to activated human T lymphocytes, two major bands were identified. First, as predicted, a 68- to 72-kilodalton band, consisting of IL-2 (15.5 kilodaltons) cross-linked to the IL-2 receptor (55 kilodaltons), was observed. Second, an unpredicted 85- to 92-kilodalton moiety was detected. This band was not present when IL-2 was cross-linked to transfected C127 cells, which exclusively express low-affinity receptors. The data presented are most consistent with the existence of a 70- to 77-kilodalton glycoprotein subunit (p70) which, upon associating with the 55-kilodalton low-affinity receptor (p55), transforms it into a high-affinity site. It is proposed that p55 and p70 be referred to as the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharon, M -- Klausner, R D -- Cullen, B R -- Chizzonite, R -- Leonard, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 14;234(4778):859-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cross-Linking Reagents ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Succinimides ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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    Psychotomimesis mediated by kappa opiate receptors (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: The kappa opioid agonists are analgesics that seem to be free of undesired morphine-like effects. Their dysphoric actions observed with the kappa agonist cyclazocine are thought to be mediated by an action at sigma-phencyclidine receptors. The benzomorphan kappa agonist MR 2033 is inactive at sigma-phencyclidine receptors. In male subjects, the opiate-active (-)-isomer, but not the (+)-isomer, elicited dose-dependent dysphoric and psychotomimetic effects that were antagonized by naloxone. Thus, kappa opiate receptors seem to mediate psychotomimetic effects. In view of the euphorigenic properties of mu agonists, our results imply the existence of opposed opioid systems affecting emotional and perceptual experiences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeiffer, A -- Brantl, V -- Herz, A -- Emrich, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anxiety ; Benzomorphans/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphinans/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Personality Tests ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa
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    Two magnetoreception pathways in a migratory salamander (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Male eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) under controlled laboratory conditions exhibit unimodal magnetic compass orientation either in a trained compass direction or in the direction of their home pond. If the vertical component of the magnetic field is inverted, newts exhibiting the simple-compass response undergo a 180 degree reversal in orientation, whereas newts orienting in the home direction are unaffected by this treatment. These results indicate that newts use an axial compass mechanism for simple-compass orientation similar to that found in migrating birds. However, a distinct magnetoreception pathway with polar response properties is involved in homing and is possibly linked in some way to the navigational map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, J B -- 5T32MHI5793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-19089/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):765-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Locomotion ; *Magnetics ; Male ; Salamandridae/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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    Insulin-stimulated hydrolysis of a novel glycolipid generates modulators of cAMP phosphodiesterase (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Insulin action may involve the intracellular generation of low molecular weight substances that modulate certain key enzymes. The production of two substances that regulate the activity of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase was evaluated in cultured myocytes by incorporation of radiolabeled precursors. Insulin caused the rapid hydrolysis of a chemically undefined membrane glycolipid, resulting in the production of two related complex carbohydrates as well as diacylglycerol. Both the glycolipid precursor and the aqueous products were monitored by labeling with radioactive inositol and glucosamine. Depletion of the labeled precursor and the appearance of labeled water-soluble products and diacylglycerol occurred within 30 seconds after hormone treatment and was followed by rapid resynthesis of the precursor. The aqueous products that were radioactively labeled appeared chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to phosphodiesterase modulating activities produced by insulin from the same cells. The purified radiolabeled and bioactive substances had similar chemical properties. Hydrolysis of the glycolipid precursor and subsequent generation of products could be reproduced by incubation of extracted lipids with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. These studies suggest that insulin stimulates an endogenous, selective phospholipase C activity that hydrolyzes a novel glycolipid, resulting in the generation of a complex carbohydrate-phosphate substance containing inositol and glucosamine that may mediate some of the actions of the hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saltiel, A R -- Fox, J A -- Sherline, P -- Cuatrecasas, P -- AM33804/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI07185/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):967-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Glucosamine/metabolism ; Glycolipids/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Inositol/metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase ; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology
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    Bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-T manufacturing site (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. Despite its high TCDD content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing site in Newark, New Jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil. A comparative analysis of soils showed that Soxhlet extraction was necessary for the determination of TCDD on Newark soil, whereas solvent extraction was sufficient for soil from Times Beach, Missouri. The difference in the bioavailability of TCDD from these soils is correlated with TCDD extractability and may be related to the different compositions of the soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umbreit, T H -- Hesse, E J -- Gallo, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Benzofurans/analysis ; Biological Availability ; *Chemical Industry ; Dioxins/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; New Jersey ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*metabolism/toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intracellular accumulation of T-cell receptor complex molecules in a human T-cell line (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: This work was aimed at understanding the mechanisms of T-lymphocyte function by studying the cellular distribution and traffic of molecules of the T-cell receptor complex. The accumulation of specific molecules in intracytoplasmic vesicles is related to the activation of T lymphocytes. Some of these molecules include acid hydrolases, the transferrin receptor, and class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. Molecules of the T-cell receptor complex have now also been found in intracytoplasmic vesicles in a human T-cell line derived from a lymphoblastic leukemia. Such vesicles were tightly associated with the cytoplasmic microtubule network. One functional aspect of this association is a cellular pathway by which vesicles traveling to and from the cell surface converge in an area of the cells that is rich in processing enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tse, D B -- Al-Haideri, M -- Pernis, B -- Cantor, C R -- Wang, C Y -- CA39782/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):748-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; HLA Antigens/metabolism ; Humans ; Microtubules/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A physiological role of epidermal growth factor in male reproductive function (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsutsumi, O -- Kurachi, H -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology/*physiology ; Epididymis/drug effects/physiology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/physiology ; Genitalia, Male/*physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Sexual Maturation ; Sperm Count/drug effects ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Submandibular Gland/physiology ; Testis/drug effects
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  • 77
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    Induction of altered c-src product during neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-14
    Description: The expression of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src was examined in an embryonal carcinoma cell line that differentiates in vitro into neuronlike cells after being treated with retinoic acid. Quantitative and qualitative changes in c-src expression accompanied the events associated with neuronal differentiation. The levels of pp60c-src increased 8- to 20-fold during the period when the cells elaborated neuritic processes and expressed neuron-specific proteins. The electrophoretic mobility of pp60c-src induced in these cells was retarded in comparison with that in untreated cells or in treated cells before neurite elaboration. The shift in electrophoretic mobility was due to an alteration in the amino terminal 16,000 daltons of pp60c-src and similar to an alteration of c-src protein found in neural tissues and in pure primary cultures of neuronal cells. These results indicate that expression of pp60c-src induced by retinoic acid in these embryonal carcinoma cells mimics the expression of c-src in developing neurons. Therefore, this embryonal carcinoma cell line provides a model system to investigate the function of the src protein in neuronal differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, S A -- Brugge, J S -- Levine, J M -- CA 28146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 21198/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 14;234(4778):873-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
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    Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is tropic for human T cells with the helper-inducer phenotype, as defined by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for the T4 molecule. Treatment of T4+ T cells with monoclonal antibodies to T4 antigen blocks HTLV-III/LAV binding, syncytia formation, and infectivity. Thus, it has been inferred that the T4 molecule itself is a virus receptor. In the present studies, the surfaces of T4+ T cells were labeled radioactively, and then the cells were exposed to virus. After the cells were lysed, HTLV-III/LAV antibodies were found to precipitate a surface protein with a molecular weight of 58,000 (58K). By blocking and absorption experiments, this 58K protein was identified as the T4 molecule. No cell-surface structures other than the T4 molecule were involved in the antibody-antigen complex formation. Two monoclonal antibodies, each reactive with a separate epitope of the T4 molecule, were tested for their binding capacities in the presence of HTLV-III/LAV. When HTLV-III/LAV was bound to T4+ T cells, the virus blocked the binding of one of the monoclonal antibodies, T4A (OKT4A), but not of the other, T4 (OKT4). When HTLV-III/LAV was internally radiolabeled and bound to T4+ T cells which were then lysed, a viral glycoprotein of 110K (gp110) coprecipitated with the T4 molecule. The binding of gp110 to the T4 molecule may thus be a major factor in HTLV-III/LAV tropism and may prove useful in developing therapeutic or preventive measures for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDougal, J S -- Kennedy, M S -- Sligh, J M -- Cort, S P -- Mawle, A -- Nicholson, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):382-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/*microbiology ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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    First success with reverse genetics (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):159-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genes ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*genetics ; Humans ; Male
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    The 1985 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Motulsky, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):126-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3510453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/therapy ; Cholesterol/blood/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics/therapy ; Lipoproteins/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; *Nobel Prize ; Receptors, LDL/genetics ; United States
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  • 81
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    Neoplastic conversion of human keratinocytes by adenovirus 12-SV40 virus and chemical carcinogens (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Efforts to investigate the progression of events that lead human cells of epithelial origin to become neoplastic in response to carcinogenic agents have been aided by the development of tissue culture systems for propagation of epithelial cells. In the present study, nontumorigenic human epidermal keratinocytes immortalized by adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40 (Ad 12-SV40) were transformed by treatment with the chemical carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Such transformants showed morphological alterations and induced carcinomas when transplanted into nude mice, whereas primary human epidermal keratinocytes treated with these chemical carcinogens failed to show any evidence of transformation. This in vitro system may be useful in assessing environmental carcinogens for human epithelial cells and in detecting new human oncogenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhim, J S -- Fujita, J -- Arnstein, P -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2421406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide/*pharmacology ; Adenoviruses, Human/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Humans ; *Keratins ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Nitroquinolines/*pharmacology ; Oncogenes ; Simian virus 40/*metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/*etiology/microbiology
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  • 82
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    Amplification and expression of genes associated with multidrug resistance in mammalian cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: In multidrug resistance, which is observed clinically and in tissue culture, cells that are challenged with certain cytotoxic drugs develop resistance not only to the selective agent but also to other, seemingly unrelated, agents. The multidrug-resistant phenotype is associated with DNA sequence amplification and with the overproduction of a number of cytosolic and membrane glycoproteins. The differential amplification and altered expression of at least two related genes, termed multidrug-resistant associated genes has been shown in multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cells. In multidrug-resistant mouse and human cells, genes homologous to those in Chinese hamster cells are also amplified. The level of expression of these genes varied and did not correlate with their copy number. Furthermore, in Chinese hamster cells, the development of resistance to a single drug and multidrug resistance were closely related, but uncoupled, events. The overexpression of the multidrug-resistant genes was better correlated with the degree of resistance to the selective agent than it was with the extent of multidrug resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scotto, K W -- Biedler, J L -- Melera, P W -- CA-08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-09207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-28595/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):751-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2421411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA/genetics ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Daunorubicin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance ; Gene Amplification/*drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Humans ; Lung/cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/genetics ; Vincristine/pharmacology
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  • 83
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    A balanced translocation in mice with a neurological defect (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A semisterile male translocation heterozygote [t(2; 14) 1Gso] that exhibited neurological symptoms and an inability to swim (diver) was found among the offspring of male mice treated with triethylenemelamine. All breeding and cytogenetic data showed a complete concordance between translocation heterozygosity and the neurological disorders. Homozygosity for the translocation seemed to be lethal at an early embryonic stage. Despite the distinctive neurologic symptoms, no anatomic or histological defects in either the ear or in the central nervous system were observed. Thus, a balanced chromosomal translocation can produce disease with an inheritance pattern that mimics a single dominant gene defect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutledge, J C -- Cain, K T -- Cacheiro, N L -- Cornett, C V -- Wright, C G -- Generoso, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophies/genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Triethylenemelamine/pharmacology
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  • 84
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    Regulation by growth hormone of number of chondrocytes containing IGF-I in rat growth plate (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Whether growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth by a direct effect at the site of the growth plate or indirectly by increasing the concentration of circulating somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) has been the subject of controversy. Immunohistochemical methods were used to explore the localization and distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity in the epiphyseal growth plate of the proximal tibia of male rats. Cells in the proliferative zone of the growth plate of normal rats exhibited a bright immunofluorescence, whereas cells in the germinal and hypertrophic zones stained only weakly. In rats subjected to hypophysectomy, the number of fluorescent cells was markedly reduced. When the hypophysectomized rats were treated with growth hormone, either systemically or at the site of the growth plate, the number of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells in the proliferative zone was increased. The results show that IGF-I is produced in proliferative chondrocytes in the growth plate and that the number of IGF-I-containing cells is directly regulated by growth hormone. These findings suggest that IGF-I has a specific role in the clonal expansion of differentiated chondrocytes and exerts its function locally through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nilsson, A -- Isgaard, J -- Lindahl, A -- Dahlstrom, A -- Skottner, A -- Isaksson, O G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Growth Plate/*cytology/drug effects/growth & development ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatomedins/*physiology ; Tibia
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  • 85
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    Study estimates higher risk from ethylene oxide exposure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Ethylene Oxide/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Risk ; *Teratogens ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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  • 86
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    Estrogen memory effect in human hepatocytes during repeated cell division without hormone (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Transient stimulation of target tissues by sex steroids can cause long-lasting changes that may facilitate or alter responses to subsequent hormonal treatment. How these altered characteristics are propagated during cell division in the absence of the stimulating hormone is unknown. The human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 was used as a model to examine the effects of estrogen on the synthesis of serum apolipoproteins in vitro. Treatment with low concentrations of estrogen for 24 to 48 hours resulted in long-lasting alterations in the kinetics with which the cells responded to subsequent stimulation with estrogen. Manifestation of this memory effect was correlated quantitatively with the induction and propagation of a moderate-affinity, nuclear, estrogen-binding protein with the characteristics of a type II estrogen receptor. The data indicate that transient exposure of these cells to estrogen can induce changes in their response characteristics and composition of nuclear proteins that are inherited by daughter cells grown in the absence of hormone for more than ten generations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tam, S P -- Hache, R J -- Deeley, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1234-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/pharmacology ; Apolipoproteins E/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chick Embryo ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver/*cytology/drug effects ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
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  • 87
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    Transmission of a female sex pheromone thwarted by males in the spider Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae) (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: When a male Sierra dome spider (Linyphia litigiosa) encounters a virgin female that has been sexually mature for 7 to 10 days, he rapidly packs the silk of her web into a tight mass. This behavior hinders evaporation of a male-attractant chemical that such highly receptive females apply to their webs. The male thereby reduces the likelihood that his mating partner will attract rival males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, P J -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/*physiology ; Spiders/*physiology
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  • 88
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    Females' choice of "good genotypes" as mates is promoted by an insect mating system (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watt, W B -- Carter, P A -- Donohue, K -- GM 26758/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butterflies/genetics/*physiology ; Courtship ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/physiology ; Lepidoptera/*physiology ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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  • 89
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    CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Lymphocytes bearing the CD8 marker were shown to suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect was dose-dependent and most apparent with autologous lymphocytes; it did not appear to be mediated by a cytotoxic response. This suppression of HIV replication could be demonstrated by the addition of CD8+ cells at the initiation of virus production as well as after several weeks of virus replication by cultured cells. The observations suggest a potential approach to therapy in which autologous CD8 lymphocytes could be administered to individuals to inhibit HIV replication and perhaps progression of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, C M -- Moody, D J -- Stites, D P -- Levy, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/therapy ; Antigens, Surface ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Translocation of protein kinase C activity may mediate hippocampal long-term potentiation (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Protein kinase C activity in rat hippocampal membranes and cytosol was determined 1 minute and 1 hour after induction of the synaptic plasticity of long-term potentiation. At 1 hour after long-term potentiation, but not at 1 minute, protein kinase C activity was increased twofold in membranes and decreased proportionately in cytosol, suggesting translocation of the activity. This time-dependent redistribution of enzyme activity was directly related to the persistence of synaptic plasticity, suggesting a novel mechanism regulating the strength of synaptic transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akers, R F -- Lovinger, D M -- Colley, P A -- Linden, D J -- Routtenberg, A -- MH25281/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Enzyme Activation ; Hippocampus/*enzymology/physiology ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/enzymology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 91
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    Separation of drug stereoisomers by the formation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-30
    Description: For many drugs, only racemic mixtures are available for clinical use. Because different stereoisomers of drugs often cause different physiological responses, the use of pure isomers could elicit more exact therapeutic effects. Differential complexation of a variety of drug stereoisomers by immobilized beta-cyclodextrin was investigated. Chiral recognition and racemic resolution were observed with a number of compounds from such clinically useful classes as beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, sedative hypnotics, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, diuretics, and synthetic opiates. Separation of the diastereomers of the cardioactive and antimalarial cinchona alkaloids and of two antiestrogens was demonstrated as well. Three dimensional projections of beta-cyclodextrin complexes of propanolol, which is resolved by this technique, and warfarin, which is not, are compared. These studies have improved the understanding and application of the chiral interactions of beta-cyclodextrin, and they have demonstrated a means to measure optical purity and to isolate or produce pure enantiomers of drugs. In addition, this highly specific technique could also be used in the pharmacological evaluation of enantiomeric drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, D W -- Ward, T J -- Armstrong, R D -- Beesley, T E -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1132-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cinchona Alkaloids/isolation & purification ; *Cyclodextrins ; *Dextrins ; Propranolol/isolation & purification ; *Starch ; *Stereoisomerism ; Warfarin/isolation & purification ; *beta-Cyclodextrins
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  • 92
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    The brain nucleus locus coeruleus: restricted afferent control of a broad efferent network (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: Dense, focal injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated-horseradish peroxidase in the locus coeruleus of rats labeled afferent neurons in unexpectedly few brain regions. Major inputs emanate from only two nuclei--the paragigantocellularis and the prepositus hypoglossi, both in the rostral medulla. The dorsal cap of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the spinal intermediate gray are possible minor afferents to locus coeruleus. Other areas reported to project to locus coeruleus (for example, amygdala, nucleus tractus solitarius, and spinal dorsal horn) did not exhibit consistent retrograde labeling. Anterograde tracing and electrophysiologic experiments confirmed the absence of input to locus coeruleus from these areas, which instead terminate in targets adjacent to locus coeruleus. These findings redefine the anatomic organization of the locus coeruleus, and have implications for hypotheses concerning the functions of this noradrenergic brain nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aston-Jones, G -- Ennis, M -- Pieribone, V A -- Nickell, W T -- Shipley, M T -- NS20643/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23348/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):734-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Efferent Pathways ; Electric Stimulation ; Locus Coeruleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins
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  • 93
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    Tripeptide structure of bursin, a selective B-cell-differentiating hormone of the bursa of fabricius (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: Differentiation of lymphoid precursor cells in a variety of species is induced by polypeptide hormones such as thymopoietin for T cells and bursin for B cells. In the present experiments, bursin isolated from the bursa of Fabricius of chicken was found to induce the phenotypic differentiation of mammalian and avian B precursor cells but not of T precursor cells in vitro. Similarly, bursin increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate in cells of the human B-cell line Daudi but not in cells of the human T-cell line CEM. These inducing properties of bursin are the reverse of the inducing properties of thymopoietin produced by the thymus and are appropriate to a physiological B-cell-inducing hormone. A tripeptide sequence (lysyl-histidyl-glycyl-amide) was determined for bursin and confirmed by synthesizing this proposed structure and demonstrating chemical identity of the natural and synthetic peptides. Similarity of biological action was indicated in induction assays by elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate in Daudi B cells but not in CEM T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Audhya, T -- Kroon, D -- Heavner, G -- Viamontes, G -- Goldstein, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):997-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3484838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Bursa of Fabricius/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Oligopeptides/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Parvalbumin in most gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons of the rat cerebral cortex (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In the cerebral cortex, GABA-containing cells represent a subpopulation of interneurons. With semithin frozen sections, it is possible to demonstrate that most GABA neurons in the rat somatosensory cortex contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin and that parvalbumin is found virtually only in GABA neurons. Parvalbumin seems to influence the electrical properties and enzymatic machinery to modulate neuronal excitability and activity. The specific role of parvalbumin in GABA-containing cortical cells may be related to controlling the effectiveness of their inhibitory action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celio, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/*cytology ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Muscle Proteins/*analysis ; Neurons/*analysis/physiology ; Parvalbumins/*analysis ; Rats ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 95
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    Role of platelet-activating factor-acether in mediating guinea pig anaphylaxis (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis is very complex, and the sequelae of events are not fully explained in terms of the effects of histamine and peptide leukotrienes alone. Platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, PAF-acether) has been detected in animals undergoing anaphylaxis. Injection of synthetic PAF-acether induces similar effects, including bronchoconstriction, respiratory arrest, systemic hypotension, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. The results reported here demonstrate that the histamine- and leukotriene-independent component of guinea pig anaphylaxis in vivo and in isolated lung parenchymal strips in vitro is mediated by PAF-acether. However, PAF-acether is not responsible for the anaphylaxis-induced thrombocytopenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darius, H -- Lefer, D J -- Smith, J B -- Lefer, A M -- HL-25575/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):58-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3082008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine ; Alprazolam ; *Anaphylaxis ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; Diphenhydramine/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Lung/drug effects/*immunology ; Male ; Ovalbumin ; Platelet Activating Factor/*immunology ; Platelet Count/drug effects ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology
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  • 96
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    T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earl, P L -- Moss, B -- Morrison, R P -- Wehrly, K -- Nishio, J -- Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control ; Leukemia, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
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  • 97
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    Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, S -- Marks, T -- Hudson, D J -- Menaker, M -- 13162/PHS HHS/ -- FO5TW03377/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Kinetics ; Male ; Melatonin/biosynthesis/deficiency/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Reference Values ; Species Specificity
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  • 98
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    Lactate transporter defect: a new disease of muscle (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: New methods were used to identify the abnormality in a patient who showed evidence of neuromuscular dysfunction on extensive clinical examination. The methods revealed that the lactate content of the patient's skeletal muscle does not decline normally after exercise and that his red cells are defective in lactate transport. These results suggest that skeletal muscle and erythrocyte membranes share the same genetic lactate transporter (or a common subunit), which is deficient in this patient. This defect may be a common cause of elevated serum creatine kinase levels, as seen in the patient described here and of unexplained episodes of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishbein, W N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1254-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/analysis ; Humans ; Lactates/blood/*metabolism ; Male ; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters ; Muscular Diseases/*metabolism ; Physical Exertion
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  • 99
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    Three-year incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLV-III-infected risk group members (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of AIDS and had enrolled before October 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. A total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either HTLV-III seropositive at enrollment or developed HTLV-III antibodies subsequently. AIDS had developed in 28 (10.1 percent) of the seropositive subjects before August 1985. By actuarial survival calculations, the 3-year incidence of AIDS among all HTLV-III seropositive subjects was 34.2 percent in the cohort of homosexual men in Manhattan, New York, and 14.9 percent (range 8.0 to 17.2 percent) in the four other cohorts. Out of 117 subjects followed for a mean of 31 months after documented seroconversion, five (all hemophiliacs) developed AIDS 28 to 62 months after the estimated date of seroconversion, supporting the hypothesis that there is a long latency between acquisition of viral infection and the development of clinical AIDS. This long latency could account for the significantly higher AIDS incidence in the New York cohort compared with other cohorts if the virus entered the New York homosexual population before it entered the populations from which the other cohorts were drawn. However, risk of AIDS development in different populations may also depend on the presence of as yet unidentified cofactors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goedert, J J -- Biggar, R J -- Weiss, S H -- Eyster, M E -- Melbye, M -- Wilson, S -- Ginzburg, H M -- Grossman, R J -- DiGioia, R A -- Sanchez, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/physiopathology/transmission ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Denmark ; Hemophilia A/microbiology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/microbiology ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 100
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    Trans-activator gene of HTLV-II induces IL-2 receptor and IL-2 cellular gene expression (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: The human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) have been etiologically linked with certain T-cell leukemias and lymphomas that characteristically display membrane receptors for interleukin-2. The relation of these viruses to this growth factor receptor has remained unexplained. It is demonstrated here that introduction of the trans-activator (tat) gene of HTLV-II into the Jurkat T-lymphoid cell line results in the induction of both interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-2 gene expression. The coexpression of these cellular genes may play a role in the altering T-cell growth following retroviral infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, W C -- Leonard, W J -- Wano, Y -- Svetlik, P B -- Peffer, N J -- Sodroski, J G -- Rosen, C A -- Goh, W C -- Haseltine, W A -- 1R01CA369974-01AI/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA07580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA40658/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Leukemia/microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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