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  • 1
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    Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Circadian rhythms of behavior are driven by oscillators in the brain that are coupled to the environmental light cycle. Circadian rhythms of gene expression occur widely in peripheral organs. It is unclear how these multiple rhythms are coupled together to form a coherent system. To study such coupling, we investigated the effects of cycles of food availability (which exert powerful entraining effects on behavior) on the rhythms of gene expression in the liver, lung, and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We used a transgenic rat model whose tissues express luciferase in vitro. Although rhythmicity in the SCN remained phase-locked to the light-dark cycle, restricted feeding rapidly entrained the liver, shifting its rhythm by 10 hours within 2 days. Our results demonstrate that feeding cycles can entrain the liver independently of the SCN and the light cycle, and they suggest the need to reexamine the mammalian circadian hierarchy. They also raise the possibility that peripheral circadian oscillators like those in the liver may be coupled to the SCN primarily through rhythmic behavior, such as feeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokkan, K A -- Yamazaki, S -- Tei, H -- Sakaki, Y -- Menaker, M -- MH 56647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):490-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing and Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA. mm7e@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Corticosterone/blood/pharmacology ; Culture Techniques ; Eating ; Female ; *Food ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Liver/*physiology ; Luciferases/genetics ; Lung/physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Resetting central and peripheral circadian oscillators in transgenic rats (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: In multicellular organisms, circadian oscillators are organized into multitissue systems which function as biological clocks that regulate the activities of the organism in relation to environmental cycles and provide an internal temporal framework. To investigate the organization of a mammalian circadian system, we constructed a transgenic rat line in which luciferase is rhythmically expressed under the control of the mouse Per1 promoter. Light emission from cultured suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of these rats was invariably and robustly rhythmic and persisted for up to 32 days in vitro. Liver, lung, and skeletal muscle also expressed circadian rhythms, which damped after two to seven cycles in vitro. In response to advances and delays of the environmental light cycle, the circadian rhythm of light emission from the SCN shifted more rapidly than did the rhythm of locomotor behavior or the rhythms in peripheral tissues. We hypothesize that a self-sustained circadian pacemaker in the SCN entrains circadian oscillators in the periphery to maintain adaptive phase control, which is temporarily lost following large, abrupt shifts in the environmental light cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamazaki, S -- Numano, R -- Abe, M -- Hida, A -- Takahashi, R -- Ueda, M -- Block, G D -- Sakaki, Y -- Menaker, M -- Tei, H -- MH56647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH056647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):682-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NSF Center for Biological Timing and Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2477, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Culture Techniques ; Darkness ; Genes, Reporter ; Light ; Liver/physiology ; Luciferases/genetics/metabolism ; Lung/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Positional syntenic cloning and functional characterization of the mammalian circadian mutation tau (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: The tau mutation is a semidominant autosomal allele that dramatically shortens period length of circadian rhythms in Syrian hamsters. We report the molecular identification of the tau locus using genetically directed representational difference analysis to define a region of conserved synteny in hamsters with both the mouse and human genomes. The tau locus is encoded by casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon), a homolog of the Drosophila circadian gene double-time. In vitro expression and functional studies of wild-type and tau mutant CKIepsilon enzyme reveal that the mutant enzyme has a markedly reduced maximal velocity and autophosphorylation state. In addition, in vitro CKIepsilon can interact with mammalian PERIOD proteins, and the mutant enzyme is deficient in its ability to phosphorylate PERIOD. We conclude that tau is an allele of hamster CKIepsilon and propose a mechanism by which the mutation leads to the observed aberrant circadian phenotype in mutant animals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869379/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869379/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lowrey, P L -- Shimomura, K -- Antoch, M P -- Yamazaki, S -- Zemenides, P D -- Ralph, M R -- Menaker, M -- Takahashi, J S -- R01MH56647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37MH39592/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):483-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Casein Kinases ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; *Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: The pacemaker role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in a mammalian circadian system was tested by neural transplantation by using a mutant strain of hamster that shows a short circadian period. Small neural grafts from the suprachiasmatic region restored circadian rhythms to arrhythmic animals whose own nucleus had been ablated. The restored rhythms always exhibited the period of the donor genotype regardless of the direction of the transplant or genotype of the host. The basic period of the overt circadian rhythm therefore is determined by cells of the suprachiasmatic region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ralph, M R -- Foster, R G -- Davis, F C -- Menaker, M -- HD13162/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD18686/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH09483/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):975-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue/*transplantation ; Neuropeptide Y/analysis ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/embryology/*physiology ; Vasopressins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Circadian rhythms. Circadian photoreception (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menaker, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):213-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. mm7e@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Darkness ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; *Light ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Reflex, Pupillary ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Circadian rhythms. Clocks on the brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Carla B -- Menaker, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):319-20. Epub 2003 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Center for Biological Timing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Dimerization ; Food ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Mice ; Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/*physiology ; Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Circadian rhythms in cultured mammalian retina (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-19
    Description: Many retinal functions are circadian, but in most instances the location of the clock that drives the rhythm is not known. Cultured neural retinas of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) exhibited circadian rhythms of melatonin synthesis for at least 5 days at 27 degrees celsius. The rhythms were entrained by light cycles applied in vitro and were free-running in constant darkness. Retinas from hamsters homozygous for the circadian mutation tau, which shortens the free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm by 4 hours, showed a shortened free-running period of melatonin synthesis. The mammalian retina contains a genetically programmed circadian oscillator that regulates its synthesis of melatonin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tosini, G -- Menaker, M -- HD13162/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 19;272(5260):419-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8602533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Culture Techniques ; Darkness ; Genes ; Light ; Melatonin/*biosynthesis ; Mesocricetus ; Mutation ; Retina/metabolism/*physiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    A mutation of the circadian system in golden hamsters (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: A mutation has been found that dramatically shortens the period of the circadian locomotor rhythm of golden hamsters. The pattern of inheritance of this mutation suggests that it occurred at a single, autosomal locus (tau). Wild-type animals have rhythms with free-running periods averaging about 24 hours; animals heterozygous for the mutation have periods of about 22 hours, whereas homozygous animals have rhythms with periods close to 20 hours. Animals that carry the mutant alleles exhibit abnormal entrainment to 24-hour light:dark cycles or are unable to entrain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ralph, M R -- Menaker, M -- HD 13162/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH 09483/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 17148/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activity Cycles ; Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae/*genetics ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Light ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*genetics/physiology ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Mutation ; Periodicity ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Circadian clock in culture: N-acetyltransferase activity of chick pineal glands oscillates in vitro (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-16
    Description: N-Acetyltransferase activity was measured in organ-cultured chick pineal glands. A circadian rhythm of enzyme activity persisted in cultured glands for up to 4 days. The phase of the rhythm in vitro closely approximates its phase in vivo. These observations demonstrate that the pineal gland of chicks contains (or is) a self-sustained circadian oscillator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasal, C A -- Menaker, M -- Perez-Polo, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/569904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Darkness ; Pineal Gland/enzymology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, S -- Marks, T -- Hudson, D J -- Menaker, M -- 13162/PHS HHS/ -- FO5TW03377/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Kinetics ; Male ; Melatonin/biosynthesis/deficiency/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Reference Values ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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