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  • Articles  (142)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (142)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1985-1989  (142)
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  • 1985  (142)
  • Biology  (142)
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  • Articles  (142)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (142)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,439)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (142)
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  • 1
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    Rapid mutations in mice? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1406-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mice/*genetics ; Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics ; Mice, Mutant Strains/genetics ; *Mutation ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A new HTLV-III/LAV encoded antigen detected by antibodies from AIDS patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: A newly identified protein from HTLV-III/LAV, the virus implicated as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, was studied. This protein, which has a molecular weight of 27,000 (p27), was shown by amino acid sequencing to have a coding origin 3' to the env gene on the HTLV-III genome. The presence of antibodies to p27 in virus-exposed individuals indicated that this gene is functional in the natural host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Coligan, J E -- Lee, T H -- McLane, M F -- Kanki, P J -- Groopman, J E -- Essex, M -- 2T32-CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA23885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Ethanol withdrawal in mice precipitated and exacerbated by hyperbaric exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: Mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 9 days. On removal of the diet, exposure to 12 atmospheres absolute of a mixture of helium and oxygen precipitated earlier withdrawal, increased withdrawal scores for the first 6 hours, and increased the peak withdrawal intensity compared to dependent animals exposed to control conditions. The enhanced withdrawal did not appear to reflect alterations in ethanol elimination, oxygen or helium partial pressures, body temperature, or general excitability. These results extend to chronically treated animals the evidence that hyperbaric exposure antagonizes the membrane actions of ethanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alkana, R L -- Finn, D A -- Galleisky, G G -- Syapin, P J -- Malcolm, R D -- R01AA03972/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):772-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4040651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmospheric Pressure ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/physiology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Neurovisceral and skeletal GM1-gangliosidosis in dogs with beta-galactosidase deficiency (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: Beta-galactosidase-deficient siblings in two litters of English springer spaniel puppies showed a progressive neurological impairment, dwarfism, orbital hypertelorism, and dysostosis multiplex. An excess of GM1-ganglioside was found in the brain. Three abnormal oligosaccharides were present in samples of urine, brain, liver, and cartilage. Light microscopy of selected tissue specimens revealed cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons, circulating blood cells, macrophages, and chondrocytes. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that these membrane-bound vacuoles were of two types--one containing lamellated membranes and the other, finely granular material. These clinical and pathological findings are similar to those observed in human patients affected by the infantile form of GM1-gangliosidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, J -- Orgad, U -- Ucci, A A -- Schelling, S H -- Schunk, K L -- Warren, C D -- Raghavan, S S -- Kolodny, E H -- HD 05515/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD04147/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 21765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/enzymology/genetics/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; Gangliosidoses/enzymology/genetics/pathology/*veterinary ; Humans ; Lactose Intolerance/genetics/metabolism/*veterinary ; Male ; Neurons/pathology ; Oligosaccharides/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Vacuoles/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Fluorescence digital imaging microscopy in cell biology (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: Developments in microscope, sensor, and image-processing technologies have led to integrated systems for the quantification of low-light-level emission signals from biological samples. Specificity is provided in the form of monoclonal antibodies and other ligands or enzyme substrates conjugated with efficient fluorophores. Fluorescent probes are also available for cellular macromolecular constituents and for free ions of biological interest such as H+ and Ca2+. The entire spectrum of photophysical phenomena can be exploited. Representative data are presented from studies of DNA conformation and architecture in polytene chromosomes and from studies of receptor-mediated endocytosis, calcium distribution, and the organization of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arndt-Jovin, D J -- Robert-Nicoud, M -- Kaufman, S J -- Jovin, T M -- FO6 TWOO960/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):247-56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analog-Digital Conversion ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells/*cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; Drosophila ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Salivary Glands/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Synthesis and release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides are under differential regulation in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. Glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe. These two lobes are also characterized by differences in neural innervation and blood flow, both of which may represent routes of access for regulatory factors (the intermediate lobe is avascular). Immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor, which can be demonstrated in many tissues, is absent from the intermediate lobe. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor in the intermediate lobe after pituitary stalk transection, neurointermediate lobe grafts to kidney capsule, or monolayer culture of neurointermediate pituitary cells. This appearance of the glucocorticoid receptor is presumably a consequence of removal of intermediate pituitary cells from neural influences that may be responsible for inhibiting their expression under normal conditions in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antakly, T -- Sasaki, A -- Liotta, A S -- Palkovits, M -- Krieger, D T -- NSO2893/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):277-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/analysis/*metabolism/surgery ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/analysis/metabolism ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/*biosynthesis ; Serotonin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two transgenic mice were obtained that contain in their chromosomes the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome except for the core gene. These mice secrete particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In one mouse, HBV DNA sequences that had integrated at two different sites were shown to segregate independently in the first filial generation (F1) and only one of the sequences allowed expression of the surface antigen. Among these animals the males produced five to ten times more HBsAg than the females. A 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA species comigrating with the major surface gene messenger RNA is expressed specifically in the liver in the two original mice. The results suggest that the HBV sequences introduced into the mice are able to confer a tissue-specific expression to the S gene. In addition, the HBV transgenic mice represent a new model for the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B virus infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babinet, C -- Farza, H -- Morello, D -- Hadchouel, M -- Pourcel, C -- CA37300-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1160-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3865370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier State ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering ; Hepatitis B/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Reversibility of progression of the transformed phenotype in Ad5-transformed rat embryo cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The carcinogenic process is extremely complex and is affected by diverse environmental and host factors. The mechanism for the gradual development of the transformed phenotype (a process termed "progression") was studied in type 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-transformed rat embryo cells. Progression was not correlated with major changes in the pattern of integration of viral DNA sequences. Instead, it was associated with an increased methylation of integrated viral sequences other than those corresponding to the E1 transforming genes of Ad5. A single exposure of progressed cells to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (Aza) resulted in a stable reversion to the unprogressed state of the original parental clone. A further selection of cells after growth in agar allowed the isolation of Aza-treated clones that had regained the progressed phenotype. These observations indicate that progression is a reversible process and suggest that progression may be associated with changes in the state of methylation of one or more specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babiss, L E -- Zimmer, S G -- Fisher, P B -- CA-33434/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1099-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; *Methylation ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plant cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balandrin, M F -- Klocke, J A -- Wurtele, E S -- Bollinger, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1154-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification ; Cells, Cultured ; Insecticides/isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators/isolation & purification ; *Plants/analysis ; *Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, M J -- Carroll, R S -- Erskine, M S -- Tobet, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Reduced numbers of somatostatin receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Somatostatin receptor concentrations were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls. In the frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 9, and 10) and temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21), the concentrations of somatostatin in receptors in the patients were reduced to approximately 50 percent of control values. A 40 percent reduction was seen in the hippocampus, while no significant changes were found in the cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, temporal pole, and superior temporal gyrus. Scatchard analysis showed a reduction in receptor number rather than a change in affinity. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in both the frontal and temporal cortex. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was linearly related to somatostatin-receptor binding in the cortices of Alzheimer's patients. These findings may reflect degeneration of postsynaptic neurons or cortical afferents in the patients' cerebral cortices. Alternatively, decreased somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease might indicate increased release of somatostatin and down regulation of postsynaptic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beal, M F -- Mazurek, M F -- Tran, V T -- Chattha, G -- Bird, E D -- Martin, J B -- 1P50AG05134/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- IR23NS19867-1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MN/NS31862/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2861661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*analysis ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; Somatostatin/metabolism/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/analysis
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  • 12
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    Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: The two fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction, recombination and outcrossing, appear to be maintained respectively by the advantages of recombinational repair and genetic complementation. Genetic variation is produced as a by-product of recombinational repair, but it may not be the function of sexual reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, H -- Byerly, H C -- Hopf, F A -- Michod, R E -- 1 K04 HD00583/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM 27219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Genes, Lethal ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; *Sex Determination Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Trigeminal-taste interaction in palatability processing (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Peripheral transection of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve in rats unbalanced palatability, selectively reducing the ingestive actions elicited by preferred tastes but leaving unchanged the aversive actions elicited by unpreferred tastes. The reduction in the number of positive ingestive actions occurred even though the capacity to emit these actions remained unimpaired. These findings show that there is an interaction between somatosensation and gustation in the processing of palatability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berridge, K C -- Fentress, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/*physiology ; Tongue/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology
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  • 14
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    Protection from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by vaccination with cloned type 1 glycoprotein D (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Guinea pigs were vaccinated with truncated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D produced in the genetically engineered mammalian cell line gD10.2. Vaccinated animals formed antibodies that neutralized both HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in an in vitro neutralization assay. Vaccinated animals were challenged with HSV-2 by intravaginal infection. Animals that received the immunogen in Freund's complete adjuvant were completely protected from the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-2 infection. Animals that received the immunogen incorporated in alum adjuvants were partly protected from clinical disease; the infections that did develop were significantly less severe than those that occurred in control animals injected with adjuvant alone. The results demonstrate that immunization with a purified viral protein can provide significant protection against primary genital infection by HSV-2 in guinea pigs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman, P W -- Gregory, T -- Crase, D -- Lasky, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; *Aluminum Compounds ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Herpes Genitalis/*prevention & control ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Phosphates ; Simplexvirus/*immunology ; Vaccination ; *Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology
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  • 15
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    Biosynthesis and secretion of proatrial natriuretic factor by cultured rat cardiocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is translated as a 152-amino acid precursor preproANF. PreproANF is converted to the 126-amino acid proANF, the storage form of ANF in the atria. ANF isolated from the blood is approximately 25 amino acids long. It is demonstrated here that rat cardiocytes in culture store and secrete proANF. Incubation of proANF with serum produced a smaller ANF peptide. PreproANF seems to be processed to proANF in the atria, and proANF appears to be released into the blood, where it is converted by a protease to a smaller peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloch, K D -- Scott, J A -- Zisfein, J B -- Fallon, J T -- Margolies, M N -- Seidman, C E -- Matsueda, G R -- Homcy, C J -- Graham, R M -- Seidman, J G -- 1R23CA33570/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL07208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1168-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; Autoradiography ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart/physiology ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats
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  • 16
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    Selective extraction of small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid by Purkinje neurons (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: Cerebellar Purkinje neurons accumulated propidium iodide, granular blue, and horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin but not unconjugated horseradish peroxidase, bisbenzimide, or Evans blue when these compounds were infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of awake, unrestrained rats. Accumulation of propidium iodide by Purkinje neurons of the vermis was associated with a reproducible behavioral abnormality characterized by truncal tremor, ataxia, and nystagmus. Both the accumulation of propidium iodide in Purkinje cells and the behavioral abnormality were prevented by prior intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain or colchicine, drugs that block neuronal transport processes. The ability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons to extract small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid has important implications for their physiology and pathology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borges, L F -- Elliott, P J -- Gill, R -- Iversen, S D -- Iversen, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):346-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisbenzimidazole/metabolism ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*physiology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Evans Blue/metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Propidium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Purkinje Cells/*metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tremor/chemically induced/physiopathology
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  • 17
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    Hormonal control of the anatomical specificity of motoneuron-to-muscle innervation in rats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus innervate bulbocavernosus muscles in male rats. Adult female rats normally lack both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. Prenatal treatment of females with testosterone propionate resulted in adults having, like males, both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. However, prenatal treatment with dihydrotestosterone propionate preserves the muscles but not the motoneurons. This paradoxical condition might result from (i) bulbocavernosus muscles without innervation; (ii) muscles innervated by morphologically unrecognizable motoneurons; (iii) muscles innervated by a very few spinal nucleus cells, each innervating many bulbocavernosus fibers; or (iv) muscles innervated by motoneurons outside their normal anatomical locus in the spinal nucleus. The results of retrograde marker injections into the bulbocavernosus muscles of females treated with androgen refute the first three possibilities and confirm the last: the different androgen treatments result in anatomically distinct spinal motor nuclei innervating bulbocavernosus muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breedlove, S M -- NS19790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR07006/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dihydrotestosterone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Motor Neurons/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*physiology ; Muscles/drug effects/*innervation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Selective inhibition of fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion by monoclonal antibodies to a cell-surface glycoprotein (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Fibroblasts possess several distinct mechanisms that control cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix macromolecules. Monoclonal antibodies to a 140-kilodalton (kD) cell surface glycoprotein inhibited the adhesion of fibroblastic Chinese hamster ovary cells to fibronectin-coated substrata but did not inhibit adhesion to substrata coated with vitronectin, laminin, serum, or other adhesive macromolecules. Thus the 140-kD glycoprotein appears to be involved in the fibronectin-mediated adhesion mechanism but not in other adhesion processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, P J -- Juliano, R L -- GM26165/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/immunology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight
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  • 19
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    Increased plasma interleukin-1 activity in women after ovulation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: The polypeptide interleukin-1 mediates many host responses to infection and inflammation. A method was developed for studying interleukin-1 levels in human plasma from febrile patients. Interleukin-1 activity was also consistently found in plasma samples from women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. This activity was neutralized by a specific antiserum to human interleukin-1 and was low in plasma from healthy men and preovulatory women. Thus interleukin-1 appears to have a role in normal physiological conditions as well as in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon, J G -- Dinarello, C A -- AI 15614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI 06951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1247-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Female ; Fever/physiopathology ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*analysis/physiology ; *Luteal Phase ; Male ; Mice ; Ovulation
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  • 20
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    Imaging elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells with ion microscopy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, S -- Morrison, G H -- R01GM24314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Elements/*analysis ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Kidney/*ultrastructure ; Magnesium/analysis ; Microscopy/methods ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovary/*ultrastructure ; Potassium/analysis ; Rats ; Sodium/analysis ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 21
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    The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The reported incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to increase in countries throughout the world. On the basis of a polynomial model for extrapolation, the cumulative number of cases diagnosed and reported since 1981 in the United States is expected to double during the next year with over 12,000 additional cases projected to be diagnosed by July 1986. The annual incidence rates for single (never-married) men in Manhattan and San Francisco, intravenous drug users in New York City and New Jersey, and persons with hemophilia A ranged from 261 to 350 per 100,000 population during 1984. For single men aged 25 to 44 years in Manhattan and San Francisco, AIDS was the leading cause of premature mortality in 1984 as measured by years of potential life lost. Infection with HTLV-III/LAV is considerably more common than reported AIDS in high-risk populations and can persist at least for several years, so the presence of specific antibody should be considered presumptive evidence of current infection. The screening of donated blood and plasma for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV and use of safer clotting factor concentrates should greatly reduce HTLV-III/LAV transmission through blood and blood products. Most HTLV-III/LAV infections occur through sexual transmission, use of contaminated needles, and as a result of infected mothers passing the virus to newborns. Continued research commitment is needed to develop an HTLV-III/LAV vaccine and therapy for this infection. In the interim, widespread community efforts are needed to minimize transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, J W -- Morgan, W M -- Hardy, A M -- Jaffe, H W -- Darrow, W W -- Dowdle, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1352-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Blood Donors ; California ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; New York City ; Pregnancy ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; United States
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  • 22
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    Disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers by fibrinogen fragment D (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Fibrinogen fragment D, which is heterogeneous, has several important biological functions. Human fibrinogen fragments D94 (molecular weight, 94,000), D78 (78,000), and E (52,000) were purified. Fragments D78 and D94 but not purified fibrinogen or fragment E specifically caused disorganization of bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured as monolayers. Within 2 hours of exposure to pathophysiological concentrations of fragment D, the confluent endothelial cells retracted from each other and projected pseudopodia. These disturbed cells subsequently became rounded and detached from the substrate. The actin present in stress fibers in stationary monolayer cells was diffusely redistributed in cells with fragment D-induced alterations in morphology. This effect was not observed in monolayers of kidney epithelial cells. The results demonstrate a specific effect of fibrinogen fragment D on the disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers and suggest that fragment D plays a role in the pathogenesis of syndromes with vascular endothelial damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dang, C V -- Bell, W R -- Kaiser, D -- Wong, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1487-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton/drug effects ; Endothelium/analysis/*cytology/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pseudopodia/drug effects
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  • 23
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    Diagnostic ultrasound and sister chromatid exchanges: failure to reproduce positive findings (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Human lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to ultrasound from two clinical devices, one of which was previously reported to have increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. The ultrasonic exposures had no significant effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges from three blood donors. Exposure to ultrasound also had no effect on cell cycle progression. A concomitant positive control (mitomycin C) resulted in a significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciaravino, V -- Brulfert, A -- Miller, M W -- Jacobson-Kram, D -- Morgan, W F -- ES03000/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES03238/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM22680/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; *Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Ultrasonography/*adverse effects
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  • 24
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    Transovarial transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: It has been generally accepted that infected fleas do not pass on Rickettsia mooseri, or indeed any other known pathogen, to their progeny. It is reported here that such transovarial transmission does occur in laboratory-infected Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. By means of the direct fluorescent antibody test, Rickettsia mooseri was observed in cells of the hemolymph of infected fleas. As many as 11 percent of the adults and 2.9 percent of the larvae of the generation reared therefrom, had demonstrable rickettsiae. Moreover, batches of the F1 fleas were capable of transmitting the infection to more than 18 percent of the rats they infested. The data support the contention that Xenopsylla cheopis fleas play an important role in the maintenance of murine typhus in rats in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farhang-Azad, A -- Traub, R -- Baqar, S -- AI-04242/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-17828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Insect Vectors/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/microbiology ; Rats ; Rickettsia/*physiology ; Siphonaptera/*microbiology ; Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/microbiology/*transmission
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  • 25
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    Bond order and charge localization in nucleoside phosphorothioates (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: In the recent literature on nucleoside phosphorothioate anions the structural formulas show a double bond between phosphorus and sulfur and a single bond between phosphorus and oxygen with a negative charge localized on oxygen. However, a review of physical data on these compounds shows the reverse to be the case; that is, in phosphorothioate anions the P-S bond is a single bond with a negative charge localized on sulfur, while the P-O bond order for exocyclic and nonbridging oxygens is greater than 1, approaching 2 in O-alkyl phosphorothioate monoanions and O,O-dialkyl phosphorothioates. The P-O bond orders in phosphorothioate dianions and trianions approach 1 1/2 and 1 1/3, respectively, owing to delocalization of negative charge among two or three oxygens. These conclusions are based on bond lengths obtained from x-ray crystallographic data and electron diffraction, the magnitudes of the effects of 18O on the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of phosphorus in nucleoside [18O]phosphorothioates, the pH-dependence of 17O-NMR chemical shifts in [17O]phosphate and [17O]thiophosphate, the vibrational spectra of thiophosphate di- and trianions, and the pKa (dissociation constant) values for phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, P A -- Sammons, R D -- GM30480/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):541-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Thionucleotides/metabolism
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  • 26
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    Gene expression in mice after high efficiency retroviral-mediated gene transfer (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eglitis, M A -- Kantoff, P -- Gilboa, E -- Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; *Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 27
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    Vitamin E reversal of the effect of extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fariss, M W -- Pascoe, G A -- Reed, D J -- ES01978/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES07060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3918345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcimycin/toxicity ; Calcium/*physiology ; Carmustine/toxicity ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/toxicity ; Liver/cytology/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin E/*physiology
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  • 28
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    Interaction of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide at receptor sites in target tissues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Discrete receptor sites for calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were found in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Each peptide was capable of cross-reacting with the specific receptor of the other. In contrast to CT receptors, CGRP receptors were not linked to adenylate cyclase. However, CGRP could stimulate adenylate cyclase in CT target tissues apparently by interacting with CT receptors. The relative abilities of CGRP and mammalian CT to inhibit CT binding suggest that CGRP could serve as an endogenous ligand for CT receptors in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goltzman, D -- Mitchell, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcitonin/*metabolism ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Calcitonin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism
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  • 29
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    Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giulian, D -- Lachman, L B -- EY04915/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA38043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR5511/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3872478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/*pathology ; Brain Injuries/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods ; Interleukin-1/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; *Mitogens ; Oligodendroglia/pathology ; Rats
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    Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture. The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic progenitor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, H E -- Finley, K D -- Hershberg, R M -- Katzman, S S -- Laikind, P K -- Seegmiller, J E -- Friedmann, T -- Yee, J K -- Jolly, D J -- AM 13622/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1057-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3864246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Mice ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transfection
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    Behavioral facilitation of reproduction in sexual and parthenogenetic Drosophila (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: In a normal bisexual laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum, females housed with either fertile or sterile males lay more eggs than do females housed in pairs or as isolates. Females of a derived parthenogenetic strain have suffered genetic loss of this behavioral facilitation of egg production, a loss comparable to the loss of sexual receptivity. Despite these losses there has been a large increase in fecundity in the parthenogenetic strain. These findings are compared with those in a parthenogenetic lizard.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- Teramoto, L T -- Carson, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):77-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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    Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The innervation of acini and ducts of eccrine sweat glands by immunoreactive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers was sharply reduced in seven patients with cystic fibrosis compared to eight normal subjects. The decrease in innervation by this neuropeptide, which has been shown to promote blood flow and the movement of water and chloride across epithelial surfaces in other systems, may be a basic mechanism for the decreased water content and relative impermeability of the epithelium to chloride and other ions that characterize cystic fibrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heinz-Erian, P -- Dey, R D -- Flux, M -- Said, S I -- HL30450/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sweat Glands/*innervation/physiopathology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*physiology
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    "Right-to-life" scores new victory at AID (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1065-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Cervix Mucus ; Disclosure ; *Family Planning Services ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Natural Family Planning Methods ; Ovulation ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; pressure, has decided to permit grants to natural family planning groups that do ; not adhere to long-standing AID policy that clients be provided with information ; on all methods of contraception. This step is at odds with domestic and United ; Nations policy, and it violates the medical ethic that a patient should be ; informed of all medically approved options. A brief review of the current state ; of U.S. family planning policy and the controversy surrounding it concludes with ; Holden's observation that the issue is likely to be further politicized.
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    Contraception research lagging (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contraception/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research
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    Genotoxicity of formaldehyde in cultured human bronchial fibroblasts (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: Formaldehyde, a common environmental pollutant, inhibits repair of O6-methylguanine and potentiates the mutagenicity of an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, in normal human fibroblasts. Because formaldehyde alone also causes mutations in human cells, the compound may cause genotoxicity by a dual mechanism of directly damaging DNA and inhibiting repair of mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA lesions caused by other chemical and physical carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grafstrom, R C -- Curren, R D -- Yang, L L -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):89-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bronchi/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Formaldehyde/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylnitrosourea/pharmacology ; Mutagens/*pharmacology
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    Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 60 to 61 weeks to air containing 0, 625, or 1250 parts per million 1,3-butadiene. These concentrations are somewhat below and slightly above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 1000 parts per million for butadiene. The study was designed for 104-week exposures but had to be ended early due to cancer-related mortality in both sexes at both exposure concentrations. There were early induction and significantly increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms of the forestomach in males and females and acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell neoplasms of the ovary, and hepatocellular neoplasms in females. Current workplace standards for exposure to butadiene should be reexamined in view of these findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huff, J E -- Melnick, R L -- Solleveld, H A -- Haseman, J K -- Powers, M -- Miller, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Inflammation ; Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lymphoma/chemically induced ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Nose Diseases/chemically induced ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Stomach Neoplasms/chemically induced
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    Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Roelke, M E -- Marker, L -- Newman, A -- Winkler, C A -- Meltzer, D -- Colly, L -- Evermann, J F -- Bush, M -- Wildt, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1428-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Coronaviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/*veterinary ; Disease Susceptibility/*veterinary ; Female ; Fertility ; *Genetic Variation ; Graft Rejection ; Inbreeding ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Pedigree
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    Dietary fat recommendations (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Disease/etiology/prevention & control ; Dietary Fats/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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    Externalization of beta-adrenergic receptors promoted by myocardial ischemia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: beta-Adrenergic receptors were identified in two fractions of guinea pig myocardium: a purified sarcolemmal fraction and a light vesicle (presumably intracellular) fraction. In the light vesicle fraction, which contained approximately 25 percent of the myocardial receptors under control conditions, the receptors appeared to be segregated from the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding and catalytic components of adenylate cyclase. During myocardial ischemia, beta-adrenergic receptors were redistributed from the intracellular vesicles to the sarcolemmal fraction, where isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was increased. These findings should facilitate further studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate adrenergic receptor traffic in the myocardium and may explain the rapid enhancement in adrenergic receptor expression that occurs with myocardial ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisel, A S -- Motulsky, H J -- Insel, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5'-Nucleotidase ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Colforsin ; Coronary Disease/*physiopathology ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiopathology ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Nucleotidases/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Sarcolemma/physiology
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    Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: During normal mouse development the relative amounts of two types of U1 small nuclear RNA's (U1 RNA) change significantly. Fetal tissues have comparable levels of the two major types of mouse U1 RNA's, mU1a and mU1b, whereas most differentiated adult tissues contain only mU1a RNA's. Those adult tissues that also accumulate detectable amounts of embryonic (mU1b) RNA's (for example, testis, spleen, and thymus) contain a significant proportion of stem cells capable of further differentiation. Several strains of mice express minor sequence variants of U1 RNA's that are subject to the same developmental controls as the major types of adult and embryonic U1 RNA. The differential accumulation of embryonic U1 RNA's may influence the pattern of gene expression during early development and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, E -- Kahan, B -- Dahlberg, J E -- CA 33453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 30220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1271-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Liver/*growth & development/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Nuclear ; Testis/*growth & development/metabolism
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    Guilty plea puts Oraflex case to rest (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arthritis/drug therapy ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; *Legislation, Drug ; Male ; Propionates/*adverse effects
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    Predisposition to hookworm infection in humans (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Frequency distributions of parasitic helminths within human communities are invariably highly aggregated, the majority of worms occurring in relatively small fractions of the host populations. It has been suggested that the heavily infected individuals are predisposed to this state, not by chance, but by as yet undefined genetic, ecological, behavioral, or social factors. Analyses of individual post-treatment patterns of hookworm reinfection among 112 villagers in an endemic area of West Bengal provide quantitative evidence of predisposition to heavy infection. This observation has implications for the design of control programs based on chemotherapy because of the potential economic advantage of selective or targeted treatment as opposed to mass or blanket treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schad, G A -- Anderson, R M -- 5 RO 7 TW00141/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ancylostoma ; Anthelmintics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Hookworm Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Necator ; Parasite Egg Count ; Sex Factors
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    Dissociation of antitumor potency from anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a doxorubicin analog (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The search for new congeners of the leading anticancer drug doxorubicin has led to an analog that is approximately 1000 times more potent, noncardiotoxic at therapeutic dose levels, and non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin. The new anthracycline, 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin (MRA-CN), is produced by incorporation of the 3' amino group of doxorubicin in a new cyanomorpholinyl ring. The marked increase in potency was observed against human ovarian and breast carcinomas in vitro; it was not accompanied by an increase in cardiotoxicity in fetal mouse heart cultures. Doxorubicin and MRA-CN both produced typical cardiac ultrastructural and biochemical changes, but at equimolar concentrations. In addition, MRA-CN was not cross-resistant with doxorubicin in a variant of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA selected for resistance to doxorubicin. Thus antitumor efficacy was dissociated from both cardiotoxicity and cross-resistance by this modification of anthracycline structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikic, B I -- Ehsan, M N -- Harker, W G -- Friend, N F -- Brown, B W -- Newman, R A -- Hacker, M P -- Acton, E M -- CA 24543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 33303/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Mice ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pregnancy
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    Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence-labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40 micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P. falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazier, D -- Beaudoin, R L -- Mellouk, S -- Druilhe, P -- Texier, B -- Trosper, J -- Miltgen, F -- Landau, I -- Paul, C -- Brandicourt, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azure Stains ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Liver/*parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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    A strong influence of serotonin axons on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: The role of serotonin axons in modulating the norepinephrine neurotransmission system in rat brain was investigated. Selective lesions of the forebrain serotonergic system were made by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the midbrain raphe nuclei. Four to six weeks after the lesion, the uptake of 3H-labeled serotonin in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus was reduced by more than 90 percent, while neither the uptake of 3H-labeled norepinephrine nor the content of norepinephrine was affected in either tissue. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors, as measured by radioligand binding with 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol, was increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats with lesions. Similarly, specific lesions of central serotonin axons produced by systemically administered p-chloramphetamine resulted in an increase in the binding of 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenergic receptors and in the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in response to isoproterenol. These results indicate that serotonin axons may regulate beta-adrenergic receptor number and function in brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stockmeier, C A -- Martino, A M -- Kellar, K J -- MH08982/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Clonidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Prazosin/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Serotonin/*physiology
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    Ownership of cells raises sticky issues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Cell Line ; *Human Body ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Patents as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; United States
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    A sexually dimorphic nucleus in the human brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: A sexually dimorphic cell group is described in the preoptic area of the human hypothalamus. Morphometric analysis revealed that the volume of this nucleus is 2.5 +/- 0.6 times (mean +/- standard error of the mean) as large in men as in women, and contains 2.2 +/- 0.5 times as many cells. Between the ages of 10 and 93 years, the nucleus decreases greatly in volume and in cell number. Although no function has yet been established for this nucleus, it is located within an area that is essential for gonadotropin release and sexual behavior in other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaab, D F -- Fliers, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1112-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoptic Area/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Melatonin: a coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: There is a daily rhythm in the production of the pineal hormone melatonin in all mammalian species. Production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. This provides a signal reflecting the changing environmental lighting cycle. In seasonally breeding mammals that use changes in the photoperiod to time their reproductive cycles, temporal signals to the reproductive system are controlled by the daily rhythm in melatonin production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamarkin, L -- Baird, C J -- Almeida, O F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):714-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3881822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonads/physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology ; Light ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Melatonin/*physiology ; Pineal Gland/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sexual Maturation
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    Neurotrophic factors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoenen, H -- Edgar, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):238-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology
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    Bovine leukemia virus-related antigens in lymphocyte cultures infected with AIDS-associated viruses (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: An earlier finding that lymphocytes from African patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) react with rabbit antiserum to purified antigens of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) prompted a study of the possible cross-reactions between a BLV-infected ovine cell line and human lymphocytes inoculated with a strain of lymphadenopathy syndrome-associated virus (LAV). A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to detect antigenic markers of the retroviruses. Crude extracts from short-term cultures of lymphocytes infected with LAV bound rabbit antisera to the LAV glycoprotein gp13 (molecular weight 13,000) and the BLV proteins p24 and gp51, but did not bind antibodies to the p24 of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Antiserum to LAV gp13 reacted with an ovine cell line producing BLV but also weakly with virus-free ovine cells. Lymphocyte cultures from four African patients with AIDS expressed BLV-related antigens within 6 to 10 days of culture, at the moment when particle-bound reverse transcriptase was produced. BLV-related antigens were induced in lymphocyte cultures from healthy individuals by addition of filtered supernatant or irradiated cells of the original culture. The antisera to BLV used in this study may prove useful for the detection of AIDS-associated viruses in short-term cultures of lymphocytes from AIDS patients or their contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiry, L -- Sprecher-Goldberger, S -- Jacquemin, P -- Cogniaux, J -- Burny, A -- Bruck, C -- Portetelle, D -- Cran, S -- Clumeck, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1482-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2579433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology ; Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Sheep ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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    Endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid after a generalized seizure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: Cerebrospinal fluid taken from rats subjected to electroshock-induced seizures and injected into the cerebral ventricles of rats that had not been shocked increased the seizure threshold of the recipients. The anticonvulsant activity of the donor cerebrospinal fluid was antagonized by opioid antagonists and enhanced by peptidase inhibitors. These results suggest the existence of an endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid, possibly opioid in nature, which is activated as a consequence of a seizure and which may play a critical role in postseizure inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tortella, F C -- Long, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Electroshock ; Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; Seizures/*cerebrospinal fluid
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    Protection against lethal hyperoxia by tracheal insufflation of erythrocytes: role of red cell glutathione (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Intact erythrocytes placed into the tracheobronchial tree of hyperoxic rats dramatically improved their chances for survival. Over 70 percent of the animals so treated survived more than 12 days during continuous exposure to 95 percent oxygen, whereas all of the control animals died within 96 hours. Lungs from erythrocyte-protected rats showed almost none of the morphologic damage suffered by untreated animals. Erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin were as beneficial as normal erythrocytes, but cells in which glutathione was partially blocked were significantly less protective. Analogous results were obtained in vitro: 51Cr-labeled target cells released 70 to 90 percent of their label when exposed briefly to hydrogen peroxide or to toxic oxygen species generated by phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils. Addition of intact erythrocytes decreased release by approximately 75 percent, but significantly less than this if red blood cell glutathione was partially blocked. These results suggest that insufflated erythrocytes, through their recyclable glutathione, protect rats from toxic oxygen species engendered by hyperoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Asbeck, B S -- Hoidal, J -- Vercellotti, G M -- Schwartz, B A -- Moldow, C F -- Jacob, H S -- HL 19725/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL07062/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL28935/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2982213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Glutathione/*administration & dosage/blood ; Lung/*drug effects ; Male ; Oxygen/*toxicity ; Rats ; Superoxides/toxicity ; Trachea
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    Microorganism mediated reproductive isolation in flour beetles (genus Tribolium) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Reproductive isolation is induced by microorganisms in diverse geographic strains of the flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). The incompatibility between populations is due to nongenetic cytoplasmically inherited factors. Males of infected strains produce no progeny when crossed with females of noninfected strains; however, they produce "normal" numbers of progeny when crossed with infected females. Males from noninfected strains show no reproductive isolation. Infected strains of T. confusum can be cured when tetracycline or other antibiotics are added to the flour medium. "Cured" strains become partially reproductively isolated from all noncured strains including the source strain〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, M J -- Stevens, L -- 1 K04 HD00431/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Tribolium/drug effects/microbiology/*physiology
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    Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: The hypoglossal motor neurons that innervate the vocal organ (syrinx) of the male zebra finch show a selective, long-latency (50-millisecond) response to sound. This response is eliminated by lesions to forebrain song-control nuclei. Different song syllables elicit a response from different syringeal motor neurons. Conspecific vocalizations may therefore be perceived as members of a set of vocal gestures and thus distinct from other environmental sounds. This hypothesis is an avian parallel to the motor theory of speech perception in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, H -- Nottebohm, F -- 5 R01 NS17991/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 507 RR07065/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage prevented by an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-08
    Description: The possibility that neuronal damage due to hypoglycemia is induced by agonists acting on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was investigated in the rat caudate nucleus. Local injections of an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, were performed before induction of 30 minutes of reversible, insulin-induced, hypoglycemic coma. Neuronal necrosis in these animals after 1 week of recovery was reduced 90 percent compared to that in saline-injected animals. The results suggest that hypoglycemic neuronal damage is induced by NMDA receptor agonists, such as the excitatory amino acids or related compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wieloch, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/*analogs & derivatives ; Amino Acids/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology ; Electroencephalography ; Hypoglycemia/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; N-Methylaspartate ; Necrosis ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
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    The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The size of the midsagittal area of the human corpus callosum obtained from postmortem measurement varied with tested hand preference. The corpus callosum, the main fiber tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, was larger by about 0.75 square centimeter, or 11 percent, in left-handed and ambidextrous people than in those with consistent right-hand preference. The difference was present in both the anterior and posterior halves, but not in the region of the splenium itself. This callosal morphology, which varied with hand preference, may also be related to individual differences in the pattern of hemispheric functional specialization. The greater bihemispheric representation of cognitive functions in left- and mixed-handers may be associated with greater anatomical connection between the hemispheres. The naturally occurring regressive events in neurogenesis, such as neuronal cell death and axonal elimination, may be factors in the individual differences in brain morphology and in functional lateralization. Specifically, right-handers may be those with more extensive early elimination of neural components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witelson, S F -- N01-NS-6-2344/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS 18954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Corpus Callosum/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Sex Factors
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    Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, R H -- Gormus, B J -- Martin, L N -- Baskin, G B -- Walsh, G P -- Meyers, W M -- Binford, C H -- 5R-22-AI-19302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00164/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3917577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; Cercopithecidae ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Haplorhini ; *Leprosy/immunology/pathology/transmission ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mycobacterium leprae/immunology ; Saimiri ; Species Specificity
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    Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The DNA genomes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) isolated from 18 individuals with AIDS or who were at risk for AIDS were evaluated for evidence of variation. Although all of the 18 viral DNA's hybridized throughout their entire genomes to a full-length cloned probe of the original HTLV-III isolate, each of the 18 isolates showed a different restriction enzyme pattern. The number of restriction site differences between isolates ranged from only 1 site in 23 to at least 16 sites in 31. No particular viral genotype was associated with a particular disease state and 2 of the 18 patients had evidence of concurrent infection by more than one viral genotype. Propagation of three different viral isolates in vitro for up to 9 months did not lead to detectable changes in their restriction patterns. These findings indicate that different isolates of HTLV-III comprise a spectrum of highly related but distinguishable viruses and have important implications regarding the pathogenicity of HTLV-III and attempts to develop effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures for this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong-Staal, F -- Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Markham, P -- Redfield, R -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):759-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
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    Memory processing of serial lists by pigeons, monkeys, and people (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: List memory of pigeons, monkeys, and humans was tested with lists of four visual items (travel slides for animals and kaleidoscope patterns for humans). Retention interval increases for list-item memory revealed a consistent modification of the serial-position function shape: a monotonically increasing function at the shortest interval, a U-shaped function at intermediate intervals, and a monotonically decreasing function at the longest interval. The time course of these changes was fastest for pigeons, intermediate for monkeys, and slowest for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, A A -- Santiago, H C -- Sands, S F -- Kendrick, D F -- Cook, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sensory Sciences Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9304205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Columbidae ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Random Allocation ; *Retention (Psychology) ; Serial Learning
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A potent nonpeptide cholecystokinin antagonist selective for peripheral tissues isolated from Aspergillus alliaceus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: A new, competitive, nonpeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist, asperlicin, was isolated from the fungus Aspergillus alliaceus. The compound has 300 to 400 times the affinity for pancreatic, ileal, and gallbladder CCK receptors than proglumide, a standard agent of this class. Moreover, asperlicin is highly selective for peripheral CCK receptors relative to brain CCK and gastrin receptors. Since asperlicin also exhibits long-lasting CCK antagonist activity in vivo, it should provide a valuable tool for investigating the physiological and pharmacological actions of CCK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, R S -- Lotti, V J -- Monaghan, R L -- Birnbaum, J -- Stapley, E O -- Goetz, M A -- Albers-Schonberg, G -- Patchett, A A -- Liesch, J M -- Hensens, O D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspergillus/*metabolism ; Benzodiazepinones/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cholecystokinin/*antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gallbladder/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin
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    Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment. In contrast, a fixed dose of haloperidol did not affect those concentrations. Thus, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, plasma homovanillic acid may reflect the severity of illness, but not be influenced by short-term pharmacological perturbations by neuroleptics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Davidson, M -- Mohs, R C -- Kendler, K S -- Davis, B M -- Johns, C A -- DeNigris, Y -- Horvath, T B -- MH37922/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/*blood
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    Immunocytochemical detection of acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: A specific antibody to acetylcholine was raised and used as a marker for cholinergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. The acetylcholine conjugate was obtained by a two-step immunogen synthesis procedure. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the specificity and affinity of the antibody in vitro; the results indicated high affinity. A chemical perfusion mixture of allyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde was used to fix the acetylcholine in the nervous tissue. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry showed many acetylcholine-immunoreactive cells and fibers in sections from the medial septum region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffard, M -- McRae-Degueurce, A -- Souan, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Brain Mapping ; Cholinergic Fibers/*anatomy & histology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Rats
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    Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, J W -- Monaghan, D T -- Cotman, C W -- Lott, I T -- Kim, R C -- Chui, H C -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50AG5142/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/*pathology ; Animals ; Hippocampus/enzymology/*pathology ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Huntington's disease: two families with differing clinical features show linkage to the G8 probe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: To test the hypothesis that interfamily variability in Huntington's Disease (HD) is due to mutation at different loci, linkage analysis was undertaken in two large HD kindreds that differed in ethnicity, age-at-onset, and neurologic and psychiatric features. Both families showed linkage of the HD locus to the G8 probe. Several recombinants were documented in each family, and the best estimate of the recombination fraction for the two families was 6 percent with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0 to 12 percent. Although the data support the existence of a single HD locus, use of the G8 probe for presymptomatic testing in these kindreds would have resulted in a 12 percent error rate in genotype assignment at the HD locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folstein, S E -- Phillips, J A 3rd -- Meyers, D A -- Chase, G A -- Abbott, M H -- Franz, M L -- Waber, P G -- Kazazian, H H Jr -- Conneally, P M -- Hobbs, W -- AM 13983/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk
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    Chromatin structure and de novo methylation of sperm DNA: implications for activation of the paternal genome (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The chromatin structure characteristic of constitutively expressed genes, tissue-specific genes, and inactive genes is absent in chicken sperm chromatin. However, point sites of undermethylation in sperm DNA within constitutively expressed genes, but not within globin genes or an inactive gene, correspond to the location of regions of altered chromatin structure (hypersensitive sites) in somatic tissue and spermatogonial cells. A de novo methylation process whereby regions within and flanking these genes become methylated, but which excludes the methylation of sequences within hypersensitive sites, occurs between the spermatogonial stage and the first meiotic prophase. These undermethylated regions may play a role in the activation of the paternal genome during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groudine, M -- Conkin, K F -- F32CA07476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1061-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chick Embryo/*physiology ; Chickens/*genetics ; Chromatin/*ultrastructure ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Endonucleases ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/genetics ; Male ; *Methylation ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics
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    Peroxisomal defects in neonatal-onset and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophies (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in X-linked and neonatal forms of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) appears to be a consequence of deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Peroxisomes were readily identified in liver biopsies taken from a patient having the X-linked disorder. However, in liver biopsies from a patient having neonatal-onset ALD, hepatocellular peroxisomes were greatly reduced in size and number, and sedimentable catalase was markedly diminished. The presence of increased concentrations of serum pipecolic acid and the bile acid intermediate, trihydroxycoprostanic acid, in the neonatal ALD patient are associated with a generalized diminution of peroxisomal activities that was not observed in the patient with X-linked ALD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfischer, S -- Collins, J -- Rapin, I -- Coltoff-Schiller, B -- Chang, C H -- Nigro, M -- Black, V H -- Javitt, N B -- Moser, H W -- Lazarow, P B -- AG-01468/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AM-17702/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- N5-03356/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):67-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Adult ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Microbodies/*pathology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pipecolic Acids/blood ; Rats ; *X Chromosome
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    Isolation, experimental transmission, and characterization of causative agent of Potomac horse fever (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Potomac horse fever, a disease characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, and occasional diarrhea, is fatal in approximately 30 percent of affected animals. The seasonal occurrence of the disease (June to October) and evidence of antibodies to the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu in the serum of convalescing horses suggested that a related rickettsia might be the causative agent. Such an agent was isolated in cultured blood monocytes from an experimentally infected pony. This intracytoplasmic organism was adapted to growth in primary cultures of canine blood monocytes. A healthy pony inoculated with these infected monocytes also developed the disease. The organism was reisolated from this animal which, at autopsy, had pathological manifestations typical of Potomac horse fever. Cross serologic reactions between the newly isolated agent and antisera to 15 rickettsiae revealed that it is related to certain members of the genus Ehrlichia, particularly to Ehrlichia sennetsu. Since the disease occurs in other parts of the United States as well as in the vicinity of the Potomac River, and since it has also been reported in Europe, the name equine monocytic ehrlichiosis is proposed as being more descriptive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, C J -- Ristic, M -- Cole, A I -- Johnson, P -- Baker, G -- Goetz, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Ehrlichia/growth & development/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Horse Diseases/blood/*microbiology/transmission ; Horses ; Monocytes/*microbiology ; Rickettsiaceae/*isolation & purification ; Rickettsiaceae Infections/blood/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Terminology as Topic ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
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    Three-dimensional structure of poliovirus at 2.9 A resolution (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of poliovirus has been determined at 2.9 A resolution by x-ray crystallographic methods. Each of the three major capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) contains a "core" consisting of an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel with two flanking helices. The arrangement of beta strands and helices is structurally similar and topologically identical to the folding pattern of the capsid proteins of several icosahedral plant viruses. In each of the major capsid proteins, the "connecting loops" and NH2- and COOH-terminal extensions are structurally dissimilar. The packing of the subunit "cores" to form the virion shell is reminiscent of the packing in the T = 3 plant viruses, but is significantly different in detail. Differences in the orientations of the subunits cause dissimilar contacts at protein-protein interfaces, and are also responsible for two major surface features of the poliovirion: prominent peaks at the fivefold and threefold axes of the particle. The positions and interactions of the NH2- and COOH-terminal strands of the capsid proteins have important implications for virion assembly. Several of the "connecting loops" and COOH-terminal strands form prominent radial projections which are the antigenic sites of the virion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hogle, J M -- Chow, M -- Filman, D J -- AI-20566/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-22346/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-07078/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI020566/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1358-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Capsid/physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; HeLa Cells/microbiology ; Mutation ; Poliovirus/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Virus Replication ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Persistent noncytopathic infection of normal human T lymphocytes with AIDS-associated retrovirus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Infection of normal peripheral blood T cells by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV) was evaluated in long-term cultures of helper-inducer T cells (T4 cells). Cells that were inoculated with ARV and maintained in medium supplemented with interleukin-2 remained productively infected with this virus for more than 4 months in culture, although they showed no cytopathic effects characteristic of acute ARV infection. The presence of replicating virus was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase activity of culture fluids and by viral antigens and budding particles detected on cells by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Virus produced in these cultures remained infectious and could induce cytopathic effects and viral antigens in uninfected lymphoid cells. The finding that normal lymphocytes may be productively infected by an AIDS retrovirus in the absence of cell death suggests that a range of biologic effects may occur after infection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoxie, J A -- Haggarty, B S -- Rackowski, J L -- Pillsbury, N -- Levy, J A -- CA-34980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology
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    Location of gene for beta subunit of human T-cell receptor at band 7q35, a region prone to rearrangements in T cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: The T-cell receptor is formed by two chains, alpha and beta, for which specific clones were recently obtained. In this report the gene for the beta chain of the human T-cell receptor was located on the long arm of chromosome 7, band q35, by means of in situ hybridization. This chromosome region in T cells is unusually prone to develop breaks in vivo, perhaps reflecting instability generated by somatic rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes during normal differentiation in this cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isobe, M -- Erikson, J -- Emanuel, B S -- Nowell, P C -- Croce, C M -- CA15822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM20700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):580-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations/genetics ; Chromosome Disorders ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics
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    Microinjected c-myc as a competence factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: While a number of oncogenes are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, their role in the control of cell proliferation can only be established by a direct functional assay. The c-myc protein, upon microinjection into nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, cooperated with platelet-poor plasma in the stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. This suggests that c-myc protein, like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), may act as a competence factor in the cell cycle to promote the progression of cells to S phase. The presence in the medium of an antibody against PDGF abolished DNA synthesis induced by microinjected PDGF; however, the microinjected c-myc protein stimulated DNA synthesis even when its own antibody was present in the medium. The c-myc protein may act as an intracellular competence factor, while PDGF expresses its biological activity only from outside the cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaczmarek, L -- Hyland, J K -- Watt, R -- Rosenberg, M -- Baserga, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1313-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
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    Modulation of the sis gene transcript during endothelial cell differentiation in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Endothelial cells, which line the interior walls of blood vessels, proliferate at the site of blood vessel injury. Knowledge of the factors that control the proliferation of these cells would help elucidate the role of endothelial cells in wound healing, tumor growth, and arteriosclerosis. In vitro, endothelial cells organize into viable, three-dimensional tubular structures in environments that limit cell proliferation. The process of endothelial cell organization was found to result in decreased levels of the sis messenger RNA transcript and increased levels of the messenger RNA transcript for fibronectin. This situation was reversed on transition from the organized structure to a proliferative monolayer. These results suggest a reciprocity for two biological response modifiers involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaye, M -- McConathy, E -- Drohan, W -- Tong, B -- Deuel, T -- Maciag, T -- 14147/PHS HHS/ -- 310765/PHS HHS/ -- 4807/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):882-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Endothelium/*cytology/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Criminality and adoption (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamin, L J -- Moses, L E -- Mednick, S A -- Gabrielli, W F Jr -- Hutchings, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):983-4,986,989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adoption ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/genetics ; *Crime ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Statistics as Topic
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    AIDS repository (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: In the article "Spotlight falls on science policy" (News and Comment, 10 May, p. 691) by Mark H. Crawford, the findings of a General Accounting Office report on the operating costs of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) were overstated. The report found that the Department of Energy's operating costs would rise by $80 million if both CEBAF and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are constructed. CEBAF's operating cost is estimated to be $30 million. The report also found problems in accommodating the operating costs of the proposed Superconducting Super Collider in the department's budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaslow, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    High-affinity uptake of serotonin into immunocytochemically identified astrocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Primary cultures of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain were incubated with tritiated serotonin. After fixation they were stained by immunofluorescence for the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and processed for autoradiography. Silver grain density was increased over cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and was reduced to background levels when sodium was omitted from the medium or the specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake fluoxetine and chlorimipramine were present. The results indicate that mammalian astrocytes can take up serotonin by a sodium-dependent, high-affinity system previously thought to be the exclusive property of serotonergic nerve endings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimelberg, H K -- Katz, D M -- NS 19492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/analysis/drug effects/*metabolism ; Autoradiography ; Biological Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Clomipramine/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Sodium/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 76
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    Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The herb Artemisia annua has been used for many centuries in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. In 1971, Chinese chemists isolated from the leafy portions of the plant the substance responsible for its reputed medicinal action. This compound, called qinghaosu (QHS, artemisinin), is a sesquiterpene lactone that bears a peroxide grouping and, unlike most other antimalarials, lacks a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system. The compound has been used successfully in several thousand malaria patients in China, including those with both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Derivatives of QHS, such as dihydroqinghaosu, artemether, and the water-soluble sodium artesunate, appear to be more potent than QHS itself. Sodium artesunate acts rapidly in restoring to consciousness comatose patients with cerebral malaria. Thus QHS and its derivatives offer promise as a totally new class of antimalarials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klayman, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1049-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3887571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antimalarials ; *Artemisinins ; Brain Diseases/therapy ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Malaria/*drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plants, Medicinal/analysis ; Plasmodium berghei ; Plasmodium falciparum ; *Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification/metabolism/therapeutic use/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    Cytosolic-free calcium transients in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: microfluorometric measurements (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: Microfluorometric recordings were made of changes in the concentration of cytosolic-free calcium in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells treated with quin 2, an intracellularly trapped dye, under several conditions. Nitroglycerin decreased calcium in both the presence and absence of extracellular calcium and strongly and progressively decreased the extent of transient increases in calcium induced by repeated applications of caffeine in the absence of extracellular calcium. Therefore nitroglycerin probably decreases cytosolic-free calcium by accelerating the extrusion of calcium through the sarcolemmal membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, S -- Kanaide, H -- Nakamura, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):553-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3927484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoquinolines ; Animals ; Aorta ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Photomicrography ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Protection of mice against fatal herpes simplex type 2 infection by liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: Intravenous administration of liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide that activates macrophages to a cytolytic state in situ, significantly protected mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2. These findings suggest that the systemic activation of macrophages by liposomes containing an immunomodulator can lead to prophylaxis of severe infections caused by herpesviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koff, W C -- Showalter, S D -- Hampar, B -- Fidler, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage/*analogs & ; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Herpes Simplex/immunology/*prevention & control ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Liposomes/administration & dosage ; Macrophage Activation/*drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Simplexvirus/immunology
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  • 79
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    Obesity declared a disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Obesity/complications
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Why do people get fat? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/physiopathology ; Animals ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/*etiology/physiopathology ; Rats
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  • 81
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    Heart panel's conclusions questioned (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):40-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronary Disease/etiology/*prevention & control ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 82
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    Avoiding the schistosome's tricks (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):285-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schistosoma/growth & development/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/immunology/parasitology ; Vaccines/immunology
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  • 83
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    Deregulation of interleukin-2 receptor gene expression in HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Infection of human T cells by human T-lymphotropic virus, type I (HTLV-I), a retrovirus, is uniformly associated with the constitutive expression of large numbers of cellular receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2). Comparison with normal T cells shows that neither IL-2 receptor gene organization nor IL-2 receptor messenger RNA processing are altered in the leukemic cells. However, mitogenic stimuli activate IL-2 receptor gene expression in normal T cells, whereas these stimuli paradoxically inhibit IL-2 receptor gene transcription in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronke, M -- Leonard, W J -- Depper, J M -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus ; Humans ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 84
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    Evidence for an antiaphrodisiac in the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-08
    Description: Male Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum in the field are attracted to models impregnated with the odor of virgin females. The number of males responding increases with increasing odor concentration. Once a male has contacted a model, its attractiveness to other males is reduced, suggesting that the male may contribute an antiaphrodisiac cue so that other males avoid mated females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kukuk, P -- 1-F32-MH08722-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 8;227(4687):656-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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  • 85
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    Platelet-mediated cholesterol accumulation in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Cholesterol accumulates within smooth muscle cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby contributing to the progressive enlargement of these lesions. The mechanism of this cellular accumulation of cholesterol is not known. The possibility that platelets may have a role in the cellular cholesterol accumulation that occurs during atherogenesis was investigated. Incubation of thrombin-activated washed rat platelets (or platelet-free supernatants prepared from thrombin-activated platelets) with cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced cholesteryl ester lipid droplet accumulation within the smooth muscle cells. No cholesteryl ester lipid droplets accumulated when smooth muscle cells were incubated with unactivated platelets. Smooth muscle cell lipid droplet accumulation occurred in the absence of serum lipoproteins and was not inhibited by mevinolin, a drug that blocks cholesterol synthesis. These findings suggest that activated platelets may release cholesterol, which can be accumulated by cells and stored as lipid droplets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruth, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/physiopathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/physiopathology ; Platelet Aggregation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thrombin/physiology
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  • 86
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    Morphine-induced delay of normal cell death in the avian ciliary ganglion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Repeated administration of morphine in increasing doses delayed normal cell death in the ciliary ganglion of the chick embryo; the effect was completely blocked by naloxone. Survival of spinal motoneurons was not affected. Morphine also inhibited potassium-stimulated synthesis of acetylcholine in ganglion cells cultured with muscle, suggesting that morphine can influence neurotransmission. Morphine's effect on cell death may be due to an inhibition of transmission at the neuromuscular junction, but opiates may also directly affect cell death. Although it is now known whether the endogenous opiates in the ciliary ganglion influence neuronal survival during embryogenesis, exogenous opiates can affect normal cell death in the autonomic nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meriney, S D -- Gray, D B -- Pilar, G -- NS 10338/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 19640/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Spinal Nerves/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 87
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    Reexamination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain in vivo: no evidence for a futile cycle (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the rat brain in vivo was estimated by measuring the differential loss of tritium and carbon-14 from the glucose pool labeled by a mixture of [2-3H]glucose and [U-14C]glucose. The results provide no evidence of significant dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate and do not support the hypothesis of a futile cycle involving glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, T -- Lucignani, G -- Atlas, S -- Crane, A M -- Dienel, G A -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):60-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Glucosephosphates/*metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 88
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    Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) contains many more motoneurons in adult male rats than in females. Androgens establish this sex difference during a critical perinatal period, which coincides with normally occurring cell death in the SNB region. Sex differences in SNB motoneuron number arise primarily because motoneuron loss is greater in females than in males during the early postnatal period. Perinatal androgen treatment in females attenuates cell death in the SNB region, reducing motoneuron loss to levels typical of males. The results suggest that steroid hormones determine sex differences in neuron number by regulating normally occurring cell death and that the timing of this cell death may therefore define critical periods for steroid effects on neuron number.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordeen, E J -- Nordeen, K W -- Sengelaub, D R -- Arnold, A P -- HD06478-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD15021/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07355-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Penis/innervation ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 89
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    Blood-brain barrier: endogenous modulation by adrenal-cortical function (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain. The permeability of the barrier to iodine-125-labeled bovine serum albumin was examined in rats that had undergone adrenalectomy, adrenal demedullation, and corticosterone replacement. Adrenalectomy, but not adrenal demedullation, increased the permeability of brain tissue to the isotopically labeled macromolecule; corticosterone replacement reversed this effect. These results indicate that the blood-brain barrier may be hormonally regulated; that is, the pituitary-adrenal axis may physiologically modulate the permeability of the brain microvasculature to macromolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, J B -- Holaday, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/*physiology ; Adrenal Medulla/physiology ; Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Corticosterone/blood/physiology ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
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  • 90
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    Site-specific increased phosphorylation of pp60v-src after treatment of RSV-transformed cells with a tumor promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: When vole cells that had been transformed by Rous sarcoma virus were treated with the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), specific phosphorylation of pp60v-src was increased. Partial V8 protease mapping indicated that the increased phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine residues located in the amino terminus of the molecule. Treatment of cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate did not elicit this response. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of pp60v-src immunoprecipitated from untreated and TPA-treated cells indicated that a specific tryptic amino-terminal peptide was hyperphosphorylated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purchio, A F -- Shoyab, M -- Gentry, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Sarcoma, Avian/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 91
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    Ascorbic acid and the behavioral response to haloperidol: implications for the action of antipsychotic drugs (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: Haloperidol, a widely used antipsychotic drug, was tested for its ability to block the behavioral response to amphetamine and to elicit catalepsy in rats treated with saline or ascorbic acid (1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). By itself, ascorbic acid failed to exert significant behavioral effects, but it enhanced the antiamphetamine and cataleptogenic effects of haloperidol (0.1 or 0.5 milligrams per kilogram). These results, combined with a growing body of biochemical evidence, suggest that ascorbic acid plays an important role in modulating the behavioral effects of haloperidol and related antipsychotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rebec, G V -- Centore, J M -- White, L K -- Alloway, K D -- DA 02451/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):438-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Catalepsy/chemically induced ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Haloperidol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    A role for glycosylation of the alpha subunit in transduction of biological signal in glycoprotein hormones (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: The biological properties of recombinants of glycoprotein hormones in which the alpha and beta subunits were differentially deglycosylated have been investigated. Specific deglycosylation of the alpha subunit generated a recombinant that had more receptor-binding activity but did not produce hormone response in the target cells. The deglycosylated alpha + beta recombinant was also an antagonist of the action of the native hormone. Thus, the carbohydrates in the alpha subunit play a dominant role in the transduction of the hormone signal into the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sairam, M R -- Bhargavi, G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Leydig Cells/physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, FSH ; Receptors, LH ; Seminiferous Tubules/physiology ; Sheep ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Glucocorticoids potentiate ischemic injury to neurons: therapeutic implications (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Sustained exposure to glucocorticoids, the adrenocortical stress hormones, is toxic to neurons, and such toxicity appears to play a role in neuron loss during aging. Previous work has shown that glucocorticoids compromise the capacity of neurons to survive a variety of metabolic insults. This report extends those observations by showing that ischemic injury to neurons in rat brain is also potentiated by exposure to high physiological titers of glucocorticoids and is attenuated by adrenalectomy. The synergy between ischemic and glucocorticoid brain injury was seen even when glucocorticoid levels were manipulated after the ischemic insult. Pharmacological interventions that diminish the adrenocortical stress response may improve neurological outcome from stroke or cardiac arrest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, R M -- Pulsinelli, W A -- NS-03346/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/drug effects ; Brain Ischemia/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: Unexplained debilitating dementia or encephalopathy occurs frequently in adults and children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Brains from 15 individuals with AIDS and encephalopathy were examined by Southern analysis and in situ hybridization for the presence of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus believed to be the causative agent of AIDS. HTLV-III DNA was detected in the brains of five patients, and viral-specific RNA was detected in four of these. In view of these findings and the recent demonstration of morphologic and genetic relatedness between HTLV-III and visna virus, a lentivirus that causes a chronic degenerative neurologic disease in sheep, HTLV-III should be evaluated further as a possible cause of AIDS encephalopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, G M -- Harper, M E -- Hahn, B H -- Epstein, L G -- Gajdusek, D C -- Price, R W -- Navia, B A -- Petito, C K -- O'Hara, C J -- Groopman, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):177-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Brain Diseases/*microbiology ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/*microbiology ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Dementia/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Effects on Trichinella spiralis of host responses to purified antigens (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-22
    Description: Purification of two antigens (48-kilodalton polypeptide and a group with major subunits of 50 and 55 kilodaltons) from the infective larvae of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis was recently reported. Immunization of mice with either of these antigens induces strong resistance to a subsequent challenge infection. In the study reported here the mechanism of this resistance was investigated by monitoring the parasite's life cycle in mice immunized with the antigens. Immunized mice were able to expel intestinal adult worms and to inhibit the fecundity of adult female worms at an accelerated rate compared to control mice. Accelerated expulsion and inhibition of fecundity may account entirely for the level of resistance induced by immunization. Although the effects of the immune response apparently are exerted on adult worms, the target antigens are expressed only by developing larvae. This suggests that immune effector mechanisms act on intestinal larvae in such a way that they develop into defective adults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silberstein, D S -- Despommier, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):948-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Helminth/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Immunization ; Larva ; Male ; Mice ; Trichinella/growth & development/*immunology ; Trichinellosis/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    The stability of DNA in human cerebellar neurons (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: Human tissues have carbon-isotope ratios (13C/12C) that reflect dietary ratios. This observation has been used to determine the extent of metabolic turnover of DNA in cells of the adult human cerebellum (90 percent of which are neuronal). If adult human neuronal DNA were metabolically stable, its 13C/12C would reflect that in the maternal diet during fetal development as nearly all neurons are formed during maturation of the fetal brain and do not undergo cell division thereafter. The 13C/12C ratios in the food chains and body tissues of Europeans differ from corresponding American ratios by about 50 parts per million on the average. Therefore, turnover was studied by comparing 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA of American-born Americans, European-born Americans, and European-born Europeans. The 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA from European-born Americans were closer to 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA from European-born Europeans than from American-born Americans, indicating that there was little or no turnover of neuronal DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slatkin, D N -- Friedman, L -- Irsa, A P -- Micca, P L -- NS 17822-01 RNM/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):1002-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Carbon ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cerebellum/cytology/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Sculpting horizons in organic chemistry (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-22
    Description: Organic chemistry as a discipline derives from and impacts on the biological and abiological world in which we live. Its challenges lie in the areas of structure, reactivity, techniques, and concepts. Powerful structural tools reveal structures from biology that range from control of insect development and behavior to whole new metabolic pathways in humans. Unnatural products create beautiful new molecular shapes whose properties cannot be predicted as well as catalysts that function with enzyme-like control. From structure flows reactivity. Exploration of known reactions points to new directions, and development of new reactions offers the opportunity of streamlined synthetic design. Emerging new techniques offer new dimensions for performing and studying reactions as well as the hope for developing new ones. Merging disparate facts into unified concepts increases predictive capabilities. The extraordinary difficulty of finding the resultant of many small effects may obscure the presence of general theories, creates the art in the practice of the science, and challenges the practitioner. From these general themes derives the quest for selectivity--chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantio-. An examination of the fundamental underpinnings of the applications of organic chemistry reveals that, while impressive strides have been made, the science is best described as being between infancy and childhood. The cross-fertilization between organic chemistry and molecular biology vividly illustrates a merging of chemistry and biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trost, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):908-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chemistry, Organic ; Enzymes ; Humans ; Insects ; Mammals ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena ; Research ; Stereoisomerism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-12
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, A M -- Creasey, A A -- Ladner, M B -- Lin, L S -- Strickler, J -- Van Arsdell, J N -- Yamamoto, R -- Mark, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 12;228(4696):149-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Genetic origin of mutations predisposing to retinoblastoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: Retinoblastoma is one of several human tumors to which predisposition can be inherited. Molecular genetic analysis of several nonheritable cases has led to the hypothesis that this tumor develops after the occurrence of specific mitotic events involving human chromosome 13. These events reveal initial predisposing recessive mutations. Evidence is presented that similar chromosomal events occur in tumors from heritable cases. The chromosome 13 found in the tumors was the one carrying the predisposing germline mutation and not the homolog containing the wild-type allele at the Rb-1 locus. These results suggest a new approach for identifying recessive mutant genes that lead to cancer and a conceptual basis for accurate prenatal predictions of cancer predisposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavenee, W K -- Hansen, M F -- Nordenskjold, M -- Kock, E -- Maumenee, I -- Squire, J A -- Phillips, R A -- Gallie, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mitosis ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Hernandulcin: an intensely sweet compound discovered by review of ancient literature (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: Ancient Mexican botanical literature was systematically searched for new plant sources of intensely sweet substances. Lippia dulcis Trev., a sweet plant, emerged as a candidate for fractionation studies, and hernandulcin, a sesquiterpene, was isolated and judged by a human taste panel as more than 1000 times sweeter than sucrose. The structure of the sesquiterpene was determined spectroscopically and confirmed by chemical synthesis. Hernandulcin was nontoxic when administered orally to mice, and it did not induce bacterial mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Compadre, C M -- Pezzuto, J M -- Kinghorn, A D -- Kamath, S K -- N01-DE-02425/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):417-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bibliography as Topic ; Botany/history ; Chemistry ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mexico ; Mice ; Molecular Conformation ; Mutagenicity Tests ; *Plants/analysis ; *Sesquiterpenes/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification/toxicity ; *Sweetening Agents/chemical synthesis/history/isolation & purification/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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