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  • Artikel  (114)
  • paleolimnology  (54)
  • stress  (28)
  • Wheat  (25)
  • nitrogen
  • Springer  (114)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (114)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (114)
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  • Artikel  (114)
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  • Springer  (114)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (114)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 1167-1196 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 421-450 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 2 (1983), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; differentiation ; plant cell cultures ; heat shock
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The pattern of proteins synthesized by carrot cells after heat-shock was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A study was made of the time of appearance and disappearance of the heat-shock bands and a comparison was made of the heat-shock proteins present in cell extracts obtained from cell suspensions, callus, protoplasts and the different stages of somatic embryogenesis. From this comparison a number of differences and hence of stage-specific markers could be seen. This type of analysis was also carried out in the presence of α-amanitin in order to get information on the type of control of heat-shock protein synthesis. It turned out that in all stages after the initial globular stage, α-amanitin does not alter the heat-shock protein pattern suggesting pre-existence of the relative mRNA's.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 171-172 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; Genetic engineering ; Yellow rust ; Wheat ; Chitinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Virulence and resistance may act on the same biochemical mechanisms. Because Erwinia-virulence on potato depends on the lysis of cell walls of the host, resistance may depend on the lysis of cell walls of the parasite. An example is given with yellow rust on wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Dwarfism ; Yield ; Quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the ‘Tom Thumb’ Rht3 dwarfing gene in wheat on plant height, yield components and grain quality in field trials of random inbred lines from two ‘Minister Dwarf’ (Rht3) x rht3 crosses are described. Limited genetic increases in Rht3 plant height, up to 70 cm, were achieved by incorporating genes from the extremely tall variety ‘April Bearded’. Amongst lines from the higher yielding cross, the dwarfing gene did not reduce grain yield but was associated with an increase in grain number of over 25%. Although Rht3 reduced grain protein content by up to 0.8%, breadmaking quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation values and baking tests, was not affected. A controlled environment experiment with near-isogenic Rht3 and rht3 lines indicated that reduced grain size in the dwarfs is a competitive response to the increase in fertility rather than a primary effect of the dwarfing gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Inheritance ; Culm-length ; GA insensitivity ; Grain weight ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The study was carried out in the first year on samples of random F5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in grain weight and in their Rht gene. In the second year only the progenies of the early heading F5 lines were studied. All the material was grown in the absence of lodging. The culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling GA response test. No differences in grain weight were found between the two semi dwarf genotypes (Rht 1Rht1 rht 2rht2 and rht 1rht1 Rht 2Rht2). The tall genotype (rht 1rht1 rht 2rht2) was significantly higher in grain weight than the two semi dwarf genotyes and the grain weight of these genotypes exceeded markedly the grain weight of the dwarf genotype (Rht 1Rht1 Rht 2Rht2). These genotypic effects were independent of differences in plant height, heading date or number of grains per spike.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glutenin ; Wheat ; Co-dominance ; Bread-making
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Ten pairs of reciprocal crosses have been made between wheat cultivars which show differences in their glutenin subunit compositions. The F1 seed glutenin subunit composition was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The results indicate that all the high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) subunits (from 133,000 to 65,000 daltons) are transmitted to the F1 seed generation from the parental cultivars. In accordance with the triploid nature of the heterozygous endosperm (3n) and with the maternal and paternal gene dosage ratio (2∶1) in the endosperm itself, a significant effect of maternal parent is registered when comparing pairs of reciprocal seeds. Genes coding for the glutenin subunits are expressed whatever their doses are (one, two, or three) in the hybrid endosperm; thus the glutenin subunits inheritance is consistent with the co-dominant type. For one pair of the reciprocal crosses, two MMW parental bands (MW: 71,000 and 66,000) seemed absent in the F1 seed patterns while a new band with an intermediate, apparent MW (68,000) appears. This phenomenon was observed when the glutenins analyzed by electrophoresis were previously separated from other endosperm proteins, and not when they were directly extracted from the ground seed. We assume that the extraction can cause interactions between moieties attached to the subunits and lead to the formation of a complex having an intermediate electrophoretic mobility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (Secale cereale L.) and H. bulbosum on both 5A and 5B chromosomes. No reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5D substitution lines. It was found that the Kr1 locus on chromosome 5B had a more pronounced affect on both rye and H. bulbosum crossability than the Kr2 locus on chromosome 5A and that the effects of both loci were cumulative. The Kr alleles affected both rye and H. bulbosum crossability in a linear, or additive, fashion. The Kr 2 allele was shown to have little effect on H. bulbosum crossability compared to a significant effect on rye crossability. Tests with tetrasomic and nulli-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that the kr allele is ‘null’ or inactive in promoting crossability while the Kr allele is active in reducing crossability to both rye and H. bulbosum. Thus, extra doses of the kr allele do not increase rye or H. bulbosum crossability in the presence of the corresponding Kr allele.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 309-316 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; α-Amylase ; Isozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An analysis of the α-amylase isozymes in GA-treated endosperm of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomics shows that there is more variation at the α-Amy-1 and α-Amy-2 homoeoallelic loci than was previously thought. Among the 16 isozymes produced by genes on the group 7 chromosomes, most could be definitely established as products of a single homoeoallele. Inter-varietal allelic differences would be expected at such loci and clear variation was found in isozymes produced by chromosomes 6B and 7B. The latter allele, α-Amy-B2b carried by the variety ‘Hope’, was used to locate the enzyme structural gene within chromosome 7B relative to the centromere and five other gene markers. The nature of the α-Amy-B2b phenotype and the rare non-parental isozyme patterns found among the recombinant lines indicates that the locus is large and compound, probably involving some degree of intra-locus gene duplication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gliadin ; Glutenin ; Tticum ; Wheat ; Endosperm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Gliadins, here defined as those proteins of defatted wheat endosperm which dissolve in 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. The protein which eluted with the void volume of the column, often described as high-molecular-weight (HMW) gliadin, was fractionated by the two different, two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedures of O'Farrell (1975) and O'Farrell et al. (1977). The next two fractions to elute from the gel column, ω-gliadin and α-, β-, γ-gliadin, were analysed similarly. The subunits of HMW gliadin and the classical (i.e. non-aggregated) gliadins map at distinctive positions on the electrophoregrams, the majority of the HMW gliadin subunits being more basic and having a slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than the α-, β-, γ-gliadins. These experiments demonstrate that those gliadins which aggregate to form HMW gliadin are distinct molecular entities and thus coded by different genes to those gliadins which do not aggregate. Glutenin, here prepared by a modification of the pH 6.4 precipitation procedure of Orth and Bushuk (1973), was also analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The low-molecular-weight subunits were found to correspond exactly with the HMW gliadin subunits. Using the nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the genes controlling the synthesis of all the major HMW gliadin subunits were shown to be located on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, as are the genes coding for the ω-gliadins and the majority of the γ-gliadins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): HMW glutenin subunit genes ; cDNA clones ; Tandem DNA repeats ; Chromosomal location ; Gene copy number ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary cDNA clones encoding wheat HMW glutenin subunits have been isolated from a cDNA bank made to poly A+ RNA from developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring. One such clone, pTag 1290, has enabled us to identify the HMW glutenin mRNA species. The DNA sequence of this clone has been partially determined and it contains several tandem DNA repeats. The sequence is discussed in relation to the generation of the HMW glutenin subunit gene family. Analysis of the organization of the HMW glutenin sequences in the wheat genome revealed that the genes encoding HMW glutenin subunits exist in low copy number and are located on the long arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maize ; Wheat ; Rape ; Restriction fragments ; Two dimensional electrophoresis ; Melting profiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper deals with the relationship of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS) of maize, wheat and rape. Intramolecular heterogeneity and fragment patterns of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases were compared and analyzed. For this purpose methods of agarose gel electrophoresis and two dimensional gel electrophoresis with denaturating solvent concentration gradients were applied. 1) Heat denaturation of ctDNA from a male sterile line in maize yielded a profile with three melting regions. This base sequence heterogeneity was not observed for the ctDNA of its maintainer. 2) Maize ctDNA was digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 restriction endonucleases, wheat and rape ctDNA with EcoR1 only. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of the fragment patterns from the sterile lines and their maintainers with the exception of the sterile line in rape which lacked one fragment present in its maintainer. 3) Two dimensional electrophoresis using a gradient of denaturing agents revealed several differences in number and relative positions of the separated restriction endonuclease fragments between the sterile lines and their respective maintainers in all three tested crops. This raises the possibility that changes in ctDNA may be involved in CMS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo ; Endosperm ; Scutellum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The overall morphology of the developing wheat embryo in relation to its neighbouring tissues is described. The embryo is “isolated” early in development, but appears to be a powerful sink for nutrients. It is supplied initially by hydrolysis of the nucellar parenchyma and later by hydrolysis of neighbouring endosperm cells, which are completely digested. Later on, the nucellar epidermis forms specialised cells that may be transfer cells opposite the groove at the base of the embryo. The accumulation of starch and protein appears to begin first in the basal tissues of the scutellum and coleorhiza.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 104-113 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cereals ; Embryo culture ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cell proliferation from the mature embryo of wheat occurs on a defined medium in the presence of 2,4-D. Unorganized growth is observed when the 2,4-D concentration is equal to or greater than 2 mg/l, but increasing levels of 2,4-D inhibit cell division. Cell divisions begin after 4 days in culture from parenchyma cells within and near the procambial tissues of the embryo axis. By day 8 continuous meristematic zones are formed in association with vascular tissues, and DNA synthesis and cell divisions are distributed throughout these zones. No morphological evidence exists to show that these zones consist of proliferating root primordia, which are formed only after the level of 2,4-D falls below some critical concentration. When the concentration of 2,4-D is lowered, the meristematic zones first become dissected and then give rise to many root meristems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 40-44 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Tissue culture ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Tissue cultures derived from the scutellum of immature embryos ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) gave rise to somatic embryos with a well-defined scutellum and coleoptile as well as one or more shoot primordia and a root primordium. The normal somatic embryos were formed from compact, white callus tissue which was not observed until 4 or more weeks after culture initiation. The highest frequency of white embryogenic tissue formation and the most normal embryoids were obtained in the dark on Murashige and Skoog's medium with twice the concentration of inorganic salts plus sucrose (2%), inositol (100–200 mg/l), casein hydrolysate (100–200 mg/l), glutamine (500 mg/l), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1–2 mg/l).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ultrastructure ; myocardium ; stress ; catecholamines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; myocardium ; anoxia ; reoxygenation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ultrastructure ; adrenal medulla ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 170-172 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; myocardium ; hypoxia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 167-169 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): atrium ; stress ; infarct ; phospholipases ; chloroquine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 351-353 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): blood plasma ; stress ; radioimmune method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; cytochromes P-450 and b5 ; demethylase activity ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 741-743 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): atrium ; stress ; myocardial infarct ; lipid peroxidation ; actioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 757-759 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): rats ; stress ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; contractile function of the heart ; cardiac output
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 763-766 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; contractile function of the heart ; glucocorticoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1000-1003 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; cortisol ; injections ; circadian rhythms ; 11-hydroxycorticosteroids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1101-1104 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): serotonin ; S2 receptors ; stress ; behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1046-1050 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; bioelectrical activity ; hormones ; reticular formation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1275-1278 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; psychotropic drugs ; high-energy compounds ; brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1414-1416 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; α-adrenoblocker phentolamine ; β-adrenoblocker inderal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1348-1351 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): monoamines ; analgesia ; stress ; auricular electroacupuncture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1501-1504 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; myocardium ; glycogen ; uridine ; extensibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1675-1678 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): atrium ; myocardium ; stress ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1679-1681 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): myocardial infarction ; atrium ; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1692-1695 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; psychotropic drugs ; oxidative phosphorylation ; brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1716-1718 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; depression ; contractility of the heart
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1723-1726 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): stress ; adrenal gland ; phenazepam ; sodium hydroxybutyrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 87-98 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Septoria ; epidemiology ; crop loss
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting In 1980 werden inoculaties verricht metSeptoria tritici in een veldproef met wintertarwe ‘Okapi’. De bladnecrose-voortschrijdingscurves werden bepaald. De S-vormige curves konden getransformeerd worden tot logit-lijnen. De geïnoculeerde en niet geïnoculeerde objecten verschilden aanzienlijk in de hellingen van de logit-lijnen. De halfwaardetijden varieerden al naar inoculatiedosis en vochtbehandeling na inoculatie. De verschillen in opbrengst (kg ha−1) waren significant voor geïnoculeerd tegenover niet-geïnoculeerd. De opbrengstderving van 878 kg ha−1 (gelijk aan 12% van de niet-geïnoculeerde controle 7045 kg ha−1)werd volledig verklaard door de vermindering van het korrelgewicht. De schade is aanzienlijk voor een cultivar die niet bijzonder vatbaar is. De opbrengstderving correleerde goed met de hoeveelheid necrose waargenomen bij de ontwikkelingsstadia DC=75 en DC=77. De necrose geïntegreerd over de tijd correleerde goed met de verlaging van het korrelgewicht.
    Notizen: Abstract In 1980, field inoculations withSeptoria tritici were performed on winter wheat cv. Okapi. Leaf necrosis progress curves were established; they were sigmoid and could be transformed into logit lines. There was a great difference in the slope of the logit lines between inoculated plots and non-inoculated controls. The mid-time values varied according to inoculum dosage and post-inoculation humidity treatment. Yields (kg ha−1) and average grain weights (mg grain−1) differed significantly between inoculated and non-inoculated plots, but seldom among inoculation treatments. Decrease of average grain weight completely explained yield loss, which was 878 kg ha−1 or 12% of control (7045 kg ha−1). This crop loss is considerable for a cultivar which is not particularly susceptible. A good correlation was found between the amount of necrosis at development stages DC=75 and 77 and yield depression. The integral of necrosis over time gave a high correlation with loss of kernel weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): tobacco ; virus infection ; ethylene ; salicylic acid ; stress ; cycloheximide ; actinomycin D
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) are induced in tobacco and other plant species by both biotic and abiotic agents, comprising necrotizing and non-necrotizing viruses, viroids, fungi, bacteria, specific physiological conditions and a variety of chemicals. Both ethephon and the natural precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, are good inducers and induction under all conditions investigated so far appears to be mediated by ethylene, except treatment with benzoic acid or its derivatives salicylic acid, aspirin, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Whereas the production of ethylene appears to result from a general reaction to stress, the mechanism by whicho-hydroxylated benzoic acids induced PRs is different. In ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ethephon induced PRs in both the treated and the untreated leaves at 20°C, but not at 32°C. However, salicylic acid induces PRs only in the treated leaves, but is as effective at 32°C as it is at 20°C. It has been proposed, therefore, that ethylene leads to the temperature-sensitive synthesis of a, presumably aromatic, compound that mimics the action of salicylic acid and functions as the natural inducer of PRs. The induction of PR 1a and 1b by salicylic acid or ethephon is blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D, whereas their accumulation upon TMV infection is inhibited up to 50% by actinomycin D. Actinomycin D similarly inhibits ethylene production in TMV-infected tobacco, supporting a role of ethylene in the induction of PRs in tobacco and indicating that ethylene acts by regulating the translation of the PR-mRNAs constitutively present but not translated in non-stimulated plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 295-300 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Endoscope ; Potatoes ; Root density ; Root length ; Soil core ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary It was determined experimentally whether the amount of roots, viewed by endoscope in observation tubes (cm cm−2) is related to root density (cm cm−3) in adjacent bulk soil, determined by core sampling. For wheat plants the results can be summarized by the equation: root length (cm cm−2, endoscope)=0.29 times root density (cm cm−3, soil cores). Results for potato plants could not be interpreted as unequivocally as for wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Fertilizer ; Moisture stress ; Nitrogen-15 ; Nitrogen balance ; Priming effect ; Rainfed ; Recovery ; Utilization ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to wheat growing on a deep loessial soil in a semi-arid region was studied with15N as KNO3 measured by emission spectrometry. The soil N was monitored at the end of the winter growing season and again at the end of the dry summer period. Nitrogen was applied at rates equivalent to 18 and 6 g m−2. The wheat was grown in 1.25×1.25 m microplots and in 30-cm-diameter plotlets enclosed by a hard plastic pipe that was inserted 60 cm into the ground. The year was relatively dry, with only 200 mm of rainfall, most of it early in the season. Late rains fell after the crop had dried and wet the soil to below 60 cm. Plant growth was less than average and N fertilizer uptake amounted to 22–29% of amount applied. At the end of the summer, 34–65% of the applied fertilizer N was detected in the soil as available mineral N. The amount remaining in the soil organic fraction was difficult to determine but appeared to be between 5 and 19%. Accordingly, gaseous losses between 6 and 16% must have occurred during the growing season, probably during relatively short periods after heavy rains in January and March. The fertilizer application appeared to have caused a “priming effect” because mineral N in soil and plant from non-fertilizer origin, amounted to 12–17 g m−2 in plots where N was applied, compared with 9.5 g m−2 in the control plots. Nitrogen loss from plots with no plants on them was considerable (up to 30%) possibly because they were wet for longer periods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 405-415 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Growth analysis ; Model ; Root growth ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Root development is described by a simple algebraic model which gives the numbers and lengths of root members of different orders in terms of time and a few properties of each order of root member. The model is tested against experimental results for the early growth of the roots of temperate cereals in pots or in liquid culture. The model is then used to simulate root growth and to explain the observed behaviour of four growth measures (relative multiplication rate, relative extension rate, mean extension rate, average root length) used in the growth analysis of root systems. Three principles governing root development emerge from the model and the simulations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Choline ; Glycinebetaine ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Salinity ; Salt tolerance ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The periodide method for quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) analysis was modified to permit rapid screening of numerous replicate plant samples. This procedure provides a valuable tool for assessing salt tolerance. Aqueous plant extracts were used without further purification. Total QAC were precipitated as the periodide complexes at low pH. In neutral media, only choline periodide crystallized; other major QAC (e.g. glycinebetaine) were soluble at pH 6.8–7.0 QAC concentration was then determined spectrophotometrically. The influence of oven-drying of plant material at 80°C was tested by comparing this technique to lyophilization. Since QAC values were essentially identical from both drying techniques, oven-drying was used routinely because of its economy and practicality. The optimum range of acid concentration for precipitation of total QAC was established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 391-402 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Intercropping Lupins ; Lupinus albus ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Significant interactions between wheat and lupins occur below ground and wheat intercropped with lupins has access to a larger pool of available P, Mn and N than has wheat grown in monoculture. This suggests that the wheat is able to take up nutrients produced or made available by lupins grown in association with it.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Anion uptake ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; pH Rhizosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In two field experiments sown in 1982 to test the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of (i) spring wheat and spring barley, (ii) winter wheat and winter barley, we measured the concentrations of the major cation (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO4 2−, H2PO4 − and NO3 −) in shoot tissue. In all cases the sum of the anion concentrations (ΣA) was increased strongly by mycorrhizal infection but not by P additions, confirming earlier observations2 on spring wheat. The concentration of total cations (ΣA) was generally reduced by P additions, hence P and VAM both reduced the cation excess (ΣC−ΣA) but by different mechanisms. These results suggest that increased uptake of anions by plants with VAM may be a general phenomenom which would have important implications for the elemental composition of crops. The effect may also be manifested by other types of mycorrhizal association.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 43-57 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): eutrophication ; paleolimnology ; diatoms ; sediment chemistry ; peatland management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Stratigraphy of diatoms and chemistry in the surface sediment deposited at 35 m depth in Lake Polvijärvi was studied. The existence of annual laminations or varves in the sediment allowed a precise dating of the profile. Diatoms were analysed in 0.5 cm sequences; from 0 to 16.0 cm continuously and then intermittently every fourth 0.5 cm down to 44.0 cm. Sediment chemistry (loss-on-ignition, C, N, Fe, Mn, Mg, P, chlorophyll and carotenoids) was analysed from sediment surface down to 10.5 cm of altogether 33 subsamples, each containing 1–3 varves, and spanning the period 1921–1980. From 4.5 cm depth upwards the diatom concentration strongly increases, and the plankton diatom succession from Tabellaria flocculosa through Asterionella formosa to Melosira ambigua and Fragilaria crotonensis reflects a marked eutrophication of the lake. This algal succession occurs in pace with an increase in sediment accumulation rate and changes in sediment chemistry, which indicate increased allochthonous inputs and enhanced algal production in the lake. The change of the lake ecosystem is contemporaneous with extensive peatland draining and fertilizing that was carried out on its watershed during the past two decades. Existing chemical data from a number of lakes situated within the drainage area prove that at present the treated peatlands are the main source of nutrient loading of Lake Polvijärvi. A former period with indications of slightly increased productivity of the lake was dated by varve counting to AD 1690–1910 (35–12 cm). This period (characterised by Asterionella formosa) may coincide with that of the slash-and-burn cultivation in the area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): cypress swamp ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; periphytic algae ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Both periphytic and planktonic algae are found in areas of the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (Virginia, U.S.A.). The dynamics of these algae were studied in a cypress stand and the periphytic algae appeared to be important as nutrient conservers. Clear temporal patterns in phytoplankton dominance were also observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 45-51 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; magnetism ; dating ; Australia ; North America ; Japan ; Europe ; Near East
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Paleolimnomagnetic records from five regions of the world have been combined with historical magnetic field observations in order to produce regional geomagnetic master curves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; lakes ; sediments ; eutrophication ; Cladocera ; Switzerland
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Species composition and density of cladoceran populations changed in Lakes Zürich, St. Mortiz and Baldegg as human populations increased in these watersheds. Lake Zürich sediments became annually laminated in the 1890's as a result of increased organic input as the size of the cities surrounding the lake grew. At the same time, the Bosmina species changed from a oligotrophic form (longispina) to a eutrophic form (longirostris). An increase in Daphnia spp. populations also occurred at this time in the lake's history. Bosmina longispina reappeared in the lake in 1965 as the lake's trophic status changed from eutrophic to mesotrophic due to effective sewage treatment facilities. Annual laminations appear in the Lake St. Moritz sediments about 1910. Shortly thereafter, a shift from B. longispina to B. longirostris occurred. This change in trophic status is associated with increased tourism in the area. Lake Baldegg sediments also show annual laminations beginning in 1885 and a similar shift in the Bosmina species. Other cladoceran remains were too scarce to be useful in interpreting the histories of these lakes.
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  • 54
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; magnetic minerals ; sediment sources
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This review outlines the origin and environmental significance of magnetic minerals in lake sediments. Attention is drawn to situations where the patterns of mineral magnetic variation is a reflection of processes other than changing erosion rates and fire incidence. The use of mineral magnetic techniques in sediment source tracing, palaeoclimatic studies and the reconstruction of particulate pollution history is illustrated by means of case studies from Britain and N. America. The value of magnetic susceptibility as an on-site core logging technique is shown by reference to data from Lake Washington.
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  • 55
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 53-58 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; secondary ferrimagnetic oxides ; S.I.R.M. ; magnetic susceptibility ; laminated sediments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The magnetic parameters S.I.R.M. and magnetic susceptibility have been used to try and establish the fire histories of lake drainage basins. The technique is demonstrated using sediments from three lakes: Llyn Bychan (N. Wales), a lake with a recently burnt catchment, Lake Biscarrosse (S. W. France), a lake with a well documented fire history, and Lake Laukunlampi (E. Finland), a lake with laminated sediments and a long, but unknown fire history.
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  • 56
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; sedimentation pattern ; magnetic susceptibility ; Scanian lakes ; palaeomagnetism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used to correlate synchronous depths in ca. 50 l m. cores of recent sediment from a small lake (area ca. 55 ha) in Scania, southern Sweden. The three-dimensional picture of sediment accumulation which emerges provides a basis for studying sediment deposition patterns through time. Using a palaeomagnetic chronology, the results show that the pattern and rate of accumulation have dramatically altered during the past 350 years, thus making semiquantitative studies of downcore sediment properties in a single core problematical. Possible reasons for these phenomena are briefly discussed.
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  • 57
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; X-ray radiography of sediment cores ; sedimentary properties ; sediment accumulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract X-ray radiographs of unextruded sediment cores are used for the documentation and the interpretation of primary and secondary sedimentary structures, and for the correlation of synchronous laminations between different cores. The vertical variation in bulk density, water content and void ratio, and the increase of solids with increasing sediment depth are calculated from the recorded film density along the radiographs. The X-ray radiographic technique for the study of sedimentary properties is fast and non-destructive. The technique is especially valuable when studying the uppermost part of the sediment cover and the processes of sediment redistribution and sediment accumulation. Studies are being undertaken in several Swedish lakes and coastal bays, where mono- and stereoradiographs are being used to classify bottom and sediment types, to interpret changes in the depositional environment, and to calculate past and present rates of sediment accumulation.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; sediment core positioning ; hydrographic survey ; computer contouring ; morphometric calculation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Automated techniques for sediment core site positioning, hydrographic survey, and contour mapping are described. The computer contouring system can be extended to calculate values for morphometric variables such as maximum length (1max), maximum width (wmax), lake perimeter (10), lake area (A) and lake volume (V). The techniques are exemplified using results from Augher Lough, Northern Ireland.
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  • 59
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Dead Sea climate ; pore-waters ; diffusion ; sediments ; salinity ; porosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The salinity of lakes is subject to variations imposed by climatic changes. These variations are recorded in the salinity profile of pore waters. Meromictic lakes, such as the Dead Sea, are a special case where waters which underlie the mixolimnion reflect salinity variations. In a sediment core from Dead Sea shallow waters, the salinity profile exhibited a minimum at about 1.9 m depth. It is shown by a diffusion model that this minimum can be attributed to lower salinities which prevailed at the sediment water interface for several decades around the turn of this century. No such minimum was observed in a sediment core from the deepest part of the lake where, during the last two centuries, the overlying brines had a constant salinity.
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  • 60
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; geochemistry ; trace elements
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A geochemical study of lacustrine sediments was undertaken as part of a major paleolimnological project concerned with the impact of man on lakes. Factor analysis was applied to the geochemical data obtained from a core from one lake. Three principal factors which explained most of the variance of the initial data were identified. Factor I is related to the organic:mineral component ratio of the sediment, and can be considered as an indirect index of change in lake trophic status through time. Factor II is related to the granulometric composition of the sediment and matches evidence for changes in the hydrological regime of the lake. Factor III reflects changes in redox potential and is more closely related to processes occurring within the lake than other factors. Specific geochemical associations of elements are connected with each factor and are the factor indicators. The correlation of these associations are analyzed as geochemical indices of the variability of sediment accumulation conditions in time.
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  • 61
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; diatoms ; assemblage indicators ; Finland
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diatom assemblages from the topmost sediment of 49 lakes were ordinated by means of a program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging (Decorana). Five lake groups were separated, each having more or less characteristic diatom assemblages and water quality. Shifts from one group to another caused by factors such as acidification, artificial drainage, diffuse nutrient loading and sewage are discussed.
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  • 62
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; diatoms ; East Africa ; transfer functions ; pH-indicators
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Our purpose is to establish the quantitative relationship between recent diatom floras and ecological parameters, in order to extrapolate the results to the past. The parameter pH is here considered as an example. This work is based on the study of about I60 diatom samples from East Africa and of their corresponding biotopes. We propose some statistical methods to interpret the data. Correspondence analysis allows us to define the pH-indicator species. The regression calculations allow pH values to be calculated using the percentage of the diatom species in a sample.
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  • 63
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 99-102 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; organic matter ; bacteria ; aerobic decomposition ; oxygen consumption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The investigations were carried out in lakes situated in the forest zone (Karelian Isthmus, Baltic zone, South Ural) and in the forest-steppe (South Ural) of the USSR. The lakes differ in their bioproductivity and in the intensity of their human influence. The amount of organic matter accumulating in the sediments is closely related to production and decomposition processes in the trophogenic layer. Processes of organic matter transformation were found to be most active in the uppermost sediment. The quantity of bacteria shows no correlation with the organic matter content of the sediment. Increase in organic matter, up to 70–80% of dry weight, is often accompanied by a decrease in bottom bacteria. The intensity of aerobic decomposition of the labile organic matter can be judged from the oxygen demand of the sediments. However, it is important to differentiate between chemical and biological oxidation processes. The quantity of bottom bacteria correlates closely with the value of oxygen consumption only in cases of high sediment redox potentials.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; sedimentary pigments ; primary production ; core analyses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A statistically significant correlation of the type y = axb between sedimentary plant pigments and contemporary algal primary production has been found in a study of the recent trophic evolution of twelve Italian lakes. The equation is used to assess baseline production levels in periods (50–70 years ago) when human influence was low.
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  • 65
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; lake ontogeny ; lake succession ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Paleolimnologists frequently invoke the term ‘eutrophication’ for describing apparent enrichment phases in the history of a lake. I argue that this term is often used incorrectly and that alternative explanations can serve as more accurate descriptions. Increased organic content in the sedimentary record may result from increased nutrient availability (eutrophication), but it can also reflect decreased residence time of water, or changes in biotic interactions, or changes in lake morphometry. Additionally, I argue that ‘eutrophication’ is an inappropriate term for describing the aging process of lakes. Lake ontogeny is the preferred term, as it does not imply directional changes in nutrients, nor in community structure.
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  • 66
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 165-168 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; lakes ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Problems relating to the disappearance and eutrophication of lakes as a result of human activity are presented. A study area was selected located in an agricultural/forest region where human influence on lakes used to be minimal. In the past 25 years a number of lakes have completely disappeared and others have become rapidly enriched. Human interference has included: the pulling down of water mills, drainage and river canalisation, construction of holiday resorts, development of intensive farming, increased mineral fertilization, and the extension of roads and road traffic.
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  • 67
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 177-179 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; sediment chemistry ; heavy metals ; ATP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This investigation is concerned with the impact of industrial and municipal waste discharge on lakes near the city of Tampere, Finland. The record of P, Zn and ATP in the recent sediments of Vanajavesi I, a polluted lake, and Mallasvesi, a largely unpolluted lake, are compared.
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  • 68
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Chironomidae ; subfossil remains ; shallow lake ; eutrophication ; Lake Balaton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lake Balaton, the largest shallow lake in Central Europe, is about 20 000 years old. An enormous increase in tourism and the disproportionate building development of the last few decades has resulted in the acceleration of eutrophication in the lake. Widespread research to reveal the causes of water-quality deterioration and possible ways of protection against it have recently started. The investigation of the larvae of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the sediment of the open-water zone has also begun. The contemporary faunal composition strongly correlates with the trophic gradient along the longitudinal axis of the lake. We therefore supposed that the eutrophication process should be identifiable from the analysis of subfossil chironomid head capsules from the upper (15 cm thick) layer of the sediment. We found that quantitative results could only be obtained when fragments as well as relatively intact head capsules are considered. Our data verify that the originally oligo-mesotrophic community has been gradually replaced by eutrophic species in a west to east direction. Large-bodied larvae belonging to the Chironomus plumosus group mix the sediment down to 15 cm as they build their tubes and consequently alter the original proportions of head capsules at the different levels. So the sequence of communities through the sediment-layers is not quite reliable.
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  • 69
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Clostridium perfringens ; sewage pollution ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The horizontal and vertical distribution of the gram-positive, non-motile, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium Clostridium perfringens Holland was studied. The aim of the study was to estimate the quantity of C. perfringens at different depths of the sediment and evaluate the effect of human effluent which the lake received between 1940 and 1956. C. perfringens lives in the colon of man. Because it is spore forming and cannot multiply under a temperature of 20 °C and, according to the studies of Seppänen et al. (1979) it can be at least 300 years old, it may be a suitable paleolimnological indicator of pollution by human effluent. The results showed that the amounts of Clostridium increased at the same level where redox potential decreased in the sediment due to the beginning of effluent disposal at a depth of 40 mm. The maximum number of Clostridium colonies occurred between 0–30 mm depth.
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  • 70
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Lake Michigan ; geochemistry ; stratigraphy ; Quaternary ; trace elements
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The stresses placed on Lake Michigan since the advent of industrialization require knowledge of the sedimentology of the whole lake in order to make informed decisions for environmental planning. Sediment accumulation rates are low: areas of the lake receiving the most sediment average only 1 mm a−1; deep-water basins average 0.1 to 0.5 mm a−1; and large areas are not receiving any sediment. Sediment was deposited rapidly (typically 5 mm a−1), in the form of rock flour, during the deglaciation of both Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Basins. Then the rate of accumulation decreased by 80–90% and has remained relatively constant since final deglaciation. Because active sedimentation occurs mostly in the deep water areas of the lake, the sediment remains undisturbed and contains a record of the chemical history of the lake.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; annual laminations ; magnetism ; sediment influx ; sediment chemistry ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The sediments of Loe Pool, a eutrophic coastal lake in south west England, consist largely of laminated clays and clay-gyttjas. Studies of the diatom microstratigraphy of frozen sediment cores from the Pool indicate that the laminations are annual, and that they contain pairs of light and dark bands formed by seasonal variations in the supply of sediment to the Pool from its catchment. Analysis of the magnetic properties of individual laminations demonstrates the presence of physical and mineralogical microstratigraphic variations, which may also be related to seasonality. A varve chronology, which is confirmed by 137Cs analysis and historical records, has been used to provide a timescale for the interpretation of data from other paleolimnological studies. A close agreement between variations in the abundance of sedimentary Sn, and the history of mining in the catchment, has been found. Similarly, analysis of total organic matter, total phosphorus, sedimentary chlorophyll a, sterols, diatoms and Cladocera in the uppermost sediments all indicate eutrophication of the Pool in the period AD 1940 to the present.
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  • 72
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; colluvium ; soil chemistry ; clay ; phosphorus loading ; tropical lakes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The long-term impact of Maya culture on a lowland tropical watershed is assessed, using data from a 9.2 m sediment core taken from deep water (28 m) in Lake Quexil. Human population growth, estimated by the 1980 archaeological survey, is associated with a shift in the composition of the sediment to a dominance by inorganic material, the Maya clay formation, beginning ca. 3500 B.P. Increasing settlement densities are correlated with accelerated influxes of phosphorus, carbonates, and siliceous sediment. However, chemical data do not track short-term population fluctuations closely. Because much of the sediment is delivered as colluvium, and not by running water, there is a lag between terrestrial disturbance and impact on the aquatic system. As an indication of this lag, contemporary high sedimentation rates are a residual of Maya activity that virtually ceased some 300–400 years B.P. Comparison of the deep-water core with a shallow-water (7 m) section, based on palynological correlation, reveals only minor differences in proximate chemical composition. Chemical influxes are much higher at the deep-water site, however, as a consequence of sediment focusing in this hyperconical basin. Chemical analyses of soil samples from 21 test pits in the Quexil basin support the principal conclusion that bulk soil movement was the mode of nutrient transfer to the lake, following forest clearance by the Maya.
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  • 73
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    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 199-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; clay ; cultural disturbance ; erosion ; Guatemala ; Mayan archaeology ; silt ; particle-size analysis ; tropical lakes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Long-term changes of sedimentary particle-size distribution in two tropical lowland lakes were compared with changes of human population sizes, estimated archaeologically, in the drainage basins. Mean particle size of silt and clay fractions (〈64 µm) varied between 3 and 15 µm. High positive skewness and kurtosis of the distributions were associated with smaller particle sizes; hence small mean size resulted from greater influx of small particles while influx of larger particles was probably constant. An inverse correlation between mean particle size and human population size is interpreted to mean that disturbance-induced erosion results in delivery of very fine inorganic particles at higher rates. Within any one basin, particle-size stratigraphy is more precisely related to archaeological time periods than is pollen stratigraphy. An absolute chronology still eludes us, owing to the failure of 14C dating of calcareous, colluvial sediments, but our relative chronology is now more precise than before. If certain assumptions about past hydrologic relations can be met, particle-size analysis is a way of comparing the histories of geographically very different lakes, including lakes from tropical, temperate, and arctic regions.
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  • 74
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    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): rotifers ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; temperature ; body weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the relation of the rate of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion by the planktonic rotifers to ambient temperature and individual body weights of these animals. The following formulas describing this relation were obtained: EP=0.0154 W−1.27 e0.096T EN=0.0879 W−1.01 e0.088 T, where EP and EN denote the rate of P and N excretion, respectively, in µg · mg dry wt−1 · h−1, W is body weight in µg dry weight, and T is temperature in °C.
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  • 75
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    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): bioassays in situ ; algal growth ; nitrogen ; phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Bioassays with water of eutrophic Lake Tjeukemeer were carried out in the laboratory, and, in the lake itself, by placing plexiglass tubes (∅ 9 cm) firmly in the mud. In the laboratory nitrogen had a strong growth-promoting effect on the concentrations of chlorophyll a, N-cell and COD-cell. In the bioassays in situ nitrogen increased the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not those of cellular N and cellular COD. It is argued that chlorophyll a is not a good indicator for algal growth in bioassays and that the extrapolation of laboratory experiments — where nitrogen limited algal growth — to the field situation — where light limited algal growth — often leads to erroneous results, especially in shallow eutrophic lakes. The main reason is probably that in bioassays in the laboratory the nutrient supply — both from external loading and from sediments — is often different and that processes like denitrification occur in the lake, but not in the bioassays.
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  • 76
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    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): nutrient limitation ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton biomass ; tropical lakes ; Kenya
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two of three Kenyan lakes studied between November 1979 and October 1980 have very short 33PO4 turnover times, indicating a high phosphorus (P) demand throughout the year. The P turnover time in Lakes Oloidien and Sonachi is as rapid as in the most P deficient temperate zone lakes. The third lake, Lake Naivasha, has a lower overall P demand and a wide seasonal range, with lowest demand between November 1979 and February 1980 when a P deficiency was unlikely. On an annual basis the Lake Naivasha status is, however, not statistically different from that recorded during the summer in Lake Memphremagog, a generally P-limited temperate zone lake. Lake Naivasha and Lake Oloidien fit well to the line of best fit for the Dillon-Rigler relationship relating total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a derived in temperate zone lakes. Thus, temperate zone models predicting aspects of lake behaviour on the basis of TP may also be applicable to these two tropical lakes. Saline lake Sonachi had not only a short P turnover time but also responded dramatically to the fertilization of enclosures with P. However, it does not fit the TP-chla or the total nitrogen-chla plots from the temperate zone. This suggests that, in this saline lake at least, much of the TP is unavailable to the algae, with some of it in a particulate form that is readily extracted with boiling water. The epilimnetic N:P ratios also characterize lakes Oloidien and Sonachi lakes as highly P deficient and lake Naivasha as more moderately P limited. A single set of measurements in Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria) also showed a rapid P turnover time and thus P limitation, but as in lake Sonachi much of the TP was in a non-algal particulate form. Occasional measurements in three other hypertrophic and saline lakes suggest them to be primarily light limited on the basis of their very high photosynthetic cover. These findings support the hypothesis of a primary P limitation for those lakes not light limited, and contradicts literature suggestions that nitrogen is the primary limiting element in tropical lakes.
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  • 77
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1213-1222 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Helianthus annuus ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; allelopathy ; chlorogenic acid ; seedling growth ; plant debris ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When added to soil,Helianthus annuus debris from plants grown under various nutrient stresses in the greenhouse and field had a significant negative effect onAmaranthus retroflexus seedling dry weight production. The regression models for dry weight versus total phenolic compounds and the variation in N, P, and K contents of theHelianthus debris were significant. It was possible to partially simulate debris inhibition ofA. retroflexus seedling dry weight production when chlorogenic acid alone was added to the soil instead ofHelianthus debris. The inhibition ofAmaranthus growth byHelianthus debris and chlorogenic acid was not evident when nutrient solution was applied to the soil.
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  • 78
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; phosphorus ; fertilization ; Norway spruce ; quartz-porphyry site ; reforestation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Growth of young Norway spruce plantations on quartz-porphyry sites can be improved by applying phosphorus fertilizer as this acid parent rock is extremely poor in phosphorus. If fertilization is performed in connection with reforestation, the increment in height and volume of the developing crop increases for a period of about ten years. Additional liming prolongs the duration of the P-fertilization effect up to 20 years. Liming stabilizes phosphorus in an available form in the humus layer and upper soil horizon. Nitrogen deficiency occurs only 10 to 15 years after planting and N applied up to then has no positive effect on spruce growth.
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  • 79
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    Hydrobiologia 107 (1983), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): lake waters ; organic matter ; nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The increase of inorganic nitrogen subsequent to the addition of organic matter was investigated in replicate lake-water aliquots. Two experiments used freshly killed bacteria as the organic addition. In both, inorganic nitrogen in the water column increased only after a lag period following the organic addition, and only if the amount of organic matter added exceeded a threshold value. Two other experiments used freshly killed algae as the organic addition; in these, neither the lag period nor the threshold value were seen. A qualitative explanation for these observations is offered.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 407-416 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Calcareous soil ; Dry matter ; Grain yield ; Leaching fraction ; Root-zone salinity ; Salinity tolerance ; Sea water ; Soil salinity ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sea water dilutions having ECi=2, 12, 18 and 24 mmhos/cm, at 20°C were used for weekly irrigations of the wheat line RI 3748 (Triticum aestivum L.) on an initially non-saline calcareous loamy sand soil. The added quantities were 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 times the weekly evapotranspiration. The vegetative growth (G), grain yield (Y), g/1000 grains and ECe were significantly affected by ECi and not by L. ECiXL affected g/1000 grains and the early G only. Soil salinity ECe (0–60 cm) increased with time. The ration between time-averaged $$EC_e (\overline {EC} _e )$$ and ECi indicated that the higher the ECi the longer the time to reach steady-state condition. These ratios were 1.54, 0.73, 0.63 and 0.56 at ECi=2,12, 18, and 24, respectively. Regression of Y on $$\overline {EC} _e $$ or ECi is a parabola. It indicates that about 27% decrement in Y occurs at ECe=12.35 or ECi=8.3 whereas the given value for wheat in standard tables of crop tolerance to salinity is 50% decrement in Y.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mineral composition ; Na−K interaction ; Solonetzic soil ; Solonetz-Solod sequence ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat was measured across sequences of Solonetz and Solod soils. Growth of both species, along with root penetration was reduced on the Solonetz compared to the Solod soil. Mineral composition of the foliage and roots indicated that a Na−K interaction was present for the barley across the Solonetz-Solod sequences. Such factors were considered to be characteristics of soil—plant relationships on Solonetzic soils.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 98 (1983), S. 223-235 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): diatoms ; paleolimnology ; lakes ; Minnesota ; sediments ; microfossils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fossil diatom assemblages from the sediment/water interface in 105 Minnesota lakes were compared with measurements of alkalinity, sulphate, total phosphorus, transparency, and water depth at the sample site. Similar assemblages were placed together using cluster analysis and comparisons of environmental variables between diatom clusters were made using an analysis of variance. Total alkalinity and transparency showed the greatest difference among clusters. Samples from shallow eutrophic prairie lakes were dominated by Melosira granulata, Stephanodiscus niagarae and, occasionally, by Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Deep oligotrophic lakes had modest percentages of Cyclotella comta. Dilute acid lakes were dominated either by Melosira distans and M. italica or by Tabellaria fenestrata, Cyclotella stelligera, and in some cases C. glomerata. Assemblages with Cyclotella glomerata and Synedra nana were found in naturally meromictic lakes. Stephanodiscus hantzschii showed a preference for extremely eutrophic lakes. The relationships between recently deposited diatom assemblages and the lake environmental conditions studied here can be used to evaluate the extent of past environmental change in lakes.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 99 (1983), S. 207-214 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): ammonification ; aquatic macrophyte ; decomposition ; Nasturtium officinale ; nitrification ; nitrogen ; stream ecology ; watercress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the decomposition of watercress in the laboratory at 10° and 20 °C, and in the field. Rates varied from 0.058 g g−1 day−1 in the laboratory to 0.115 g g−1 day−1 in the field. There was a rapid generation of particles of size 〈500 µm. It is thought that washout of these from the litterbags in the field accounted for high field decomposition rate. Formation of dissolved nitrogen compounds during decomposition followed a time series from NH inf4 sup+ to NO in2 sup− to NO inf3 sup− withdissolved organic nitrogen accumulating at the end of decomposition. Ammonification rates were 480 and 657 g NH4-N g−1 (dry wt) day−1 and nitrification rates on the decomposing tissue were 640 and 571 µg NO3-N g−1 (dry wt) day−1 at 10° and 20 °C respectively. Fifty-six per cent of the initial plant N was regenerated as NO3-N 21% as DON and 25% remained as refractory particulate N.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 101 (1983), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chrysophycea ; cultural eutrophication ; paleolimnology ; resting cyst ; statospore ; stratigraphy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The recent sediments of Frains Lake, Michigan contain a rich and well preserved association of chrysophycean cysts. Forty one forms are revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Taxonomic descriptions. and SEM micrographs are provided for the dominant forms. The three dominant taxa throughout the sediments, Cysta minima, C. modica and C. subbavaricum, do not show significant shifts in proportional abundance associated with European settlement and the onset of cultural eutrophication. However, certain subdominant taxa do show clear trends. Density counts indicate a dramatic decline in cyst concentration (by volume and by dry mass) and a sharp increase in absolute accumulation (net annual influx) following settlement. The Frains Lake profile of chrysophycean cysts is compared to sequences of other North American and European temperate lakes. The utility of chrysophycean cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators is considered on the basis of these results.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 125-130 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; pollen ; diatoms ; Synuraceae ; Chrysophyta ; meromixis ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The recent history of Little Round Lake, a small meromictic lake in southeastern Ontario, is considered. Pollen analyses were used to identify past changes in terrestrial vegetation, whilst limnological conditions were interpreted on the basis of diatom and chrysophyte microfossils. Contemporaneous with the arrival of European settlers (ca. A. D. 1850), the predisturbance assemblage of oligotrophic Cyclotella diatoms was replaced by Synedra spp., which then succeeded to a eutrophic flora dominated by Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Meanwhile, synuracean algae were almost completely excluded. Over the last 30 years, the algal microfossils indicate that the lake underwent a marked return to oligotrophy. Evidence is presented which suggests that this shift was related to the cultural enhancement of meromixis by the seepage of road salt.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; acidic precipitation ; lake acidification ; heavy metal pollution ; diatoms ; cladocerans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sediment cores from nine lakes in southern Norway (N) and six in northern New England (NE) were dated by 137Cs, 210Pb and in NE also by pollen, and were analyzed geochemically and for diatoms. Cores from two N and three NE lakes were analyzed for cladocerans. 137Cs dating is unreliable in these lakes, probably due to mobility of Cs in the sediment. In Holmvatn sediment, an up-core increase in Fe, starting ca. 1900, correlates with geochemical indications of decreasing mechanical erosion of soils. Diatoms indicate a lake acidification starting in the 1920's. We propose that soil Fe was mobilized and runoff acidified by acidic precipitation and/or by soil acidification resulting from vegetational succession following reduced grazing. Even minor land use changes or disturbances in lake watersheds introduce ambiguity to the sedimentary evidence relating to atmospheric influences. Diatom counts from surface sediments in 36 N and 31 NE lakes were regressed against contemporary water pH to obtain coefficients for computing past pH from subsurface counts. Computed decreases of 0.3–0.8 pH units start between I890 and I930 in N lakes already acidic (pH 5.0–5.5) before the decrease. These and lesser decreases in other lakes start decades to over a century after the first sedimentary indications of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. It is proposed that the acidification of precipitation accompanied the metal pollution. The delays in lake acidification may be due to buffering by the lakes and watersheds. The magnitude of acidification and heavy metal loading of the lakes parallels air pollution gradients. Shift in cladoceran remains are contemporary with acidification, preceding elimination of fishes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 131-133 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; recent sediments ; diatoms ; chrysophytes ; 210lead
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diatom and chrysophyte remains in recent sediments have been examined. The upper stratigraphy is dated by reference to phytoplankton records whilst the lower depends on dates from 210Pb analysis, which shows some unexplained variation. Recent changes, due to farming and domestic drainage, form part of the long term response of the lake to events upon the catchment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Traunsee ; artificial meromixis ; ostracods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Traunsee is the deepest (189 m) lake in Austria and has been holomictic until the beginning of industrial discharges from the alkali works in Ebensee. The input of soluble compounds such as CaCl2 and NaCl have produced meromictic conditions. The relatively high oxygen content of the monimolimnion is due to water movements promoted by the large inflow and wind-action. The industrial discharges have caused both meromictic conditions and the deposition of highly alkaline sediment in the southern portion of the profundal zone. The effect of the discharges on the benthic fauna was evaluated by comparing the subfossil benthic fauna of four cores taken inside and outside the affected area. The ostracod fauna resembles that of other large lakes in the Salzkammergut, but also includes groundwater species such as Kovalevskiella and Cypridopsis subterranea. Leucocythere mirabilis has been found for the first time in an Austrian lake. Ostracods and other benthic organisms such as Testacea were not apparently influenced by the meromictic condition. They are, however, missing in all areas covered by the alkaline sludge.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; diatoms ; salinity ecology ; annual lamination ; sulphide mud ; meromixis ; Baltic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diatoms have been studied in an annually laminated sulphide mud which was deposited after the impoundment of the sea-bay of Gennarbyviken. It was possible to follow how the measured decrease in salinity in the basin was reflected by the diatom flora of the sediment which had been deposited concurrently
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; eutrophication ; reservoirs ; Bosmina ; Chironomidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Eutrophication of reservoirs can be detected by changes in the abundance of insect and crustacean remains in the sediments. In recently constructed reservoirs, the time of impoundment can be determined through the presence of chironomid head capsules. The initial phase is characterised by highly enriched water as can be seen by the abundance of Bosmina remains. If further nutrient input into the reservoir remains low, the upper part of the sediment column is almost completely lacking in invertebrate remains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 159-163 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; marine/brackish-freshwater ; transition basin ; wildfowl ; gregarious waterfowl ; allochthonous nutrients ; seasonal eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new and very special course of events starts in a freshwater basin, just isolated from the sea. In NW Europe this is mainly caused by land uplift in Holocene times or by regression of the sea. It has been thoroughly documented by the gradual change in the composition of the fossil diatom floras. Attention is drawn to the possible impact of migrating birds, especially wildfowl, breeding, resting and moulting in those often shallow, sheltered lakes along the Scandinavian coastlines. The gregarious wildfowl species might seasonally increase the allochthonous input of nutrients in the lake ecosystems and cause marked changes in biotic interactions. A working hypothesis is suggested, that the wildfowl species in question were appreciably more numerous before the arrival of man. Consequently, their effect on seasonal eutrophication cannot be neglected in the paleolimnological context.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Greenland ; Holocene ; oligotrophication ; pollen analysis ; macrofossils ; arctic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract During the Holocene most West Greenland lakes passed from an early eutrophic stage, rich in both flora and fauna, through a mesotrophic to an oligotrophic stage with very low productivity. Temperature conditions were limiting factors only in the very beginning, whereas chemical factors alone were decisive later on.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Pleistocene aridity ; calcite ; dolomite ; gypsum ; laminated gyttja
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The transition from an arid, glacial Late Pleistocene to an early Holocene (Gamblian ‘pluvial’) moist period has not been documented in Central America. Finding accessible volcanic lakes too youthful, and knowing that most Florida and Yucatan lakes were dry during glacial ages, we sought appropriate deposits lying deeper than 40 m in the deeper karst lakes of the Peten, in northern Guatemala. The bottom half of a 19.7 m core from Lake Quexil, and the bottom third of a 15 m core from Lake Salpeten, appear to be of Pleistocene age. The sediments contain lacustrine shells, sponge spicules, and Pinus pollen, and include several bands of humified gyttja with fragments of wood, but are dominantly montmorillonitic and mixed-layer clays and may be in part colluvial, like the later Holocene Maya clay. Calcite, gypsum, and (in presently saline Lake Salpeten only) dolomite indicate shallow, closed, moderately saline lakes 30–40 m lower than at present. In both cores a layer of inorganic sediment with gypsum dominant, perhaps recording the most arid phase of the glacial Late Pleistocene, overlies a similar clay layer with calcite dominant. As calcite and dolomite occur throughout the section(s), both minerals are believed to be detrital, but one source of calcite is algal crusts, formed and exposed today in the littoral and supralittoral zones. The early Holocene rise of lake levels formed several meters of fossiliferous gyttja with pollen of mesic tropical forest, now assigned to the pan-tropical Gamblian moist episode. Where deposited in oligomictic or meromictic lakes 〉 30 m deep, Gamblian gyttja of pollen zone Pl is finely laminated, the dark layers being richer in Ptot and Stot and poorer in Fe, Mn, Mg, and K than the light (clay) layers, but we cannot yet say that the laminae are annual.
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; pollen analysis ; sediment accumulation rate ; vegetation history ; Holstein ; Postglacial
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pollen analysis was carried out on the sediments of 10 lakes in eastern Holstein. Sediment accumulation rates varied considerably both from lake to lake and also between respective periods. Increases in sediment accumulation rate often coincide with the Neolithic settlement periods. Faunal remains have been examined from two of these lakes (cf. Günther 1983; Hofmann 1983).
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; lake development ; trophic status ; Chironomidae ; Cladocera ; Ostracoda
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Microfossil analysis was carried out on 90 samples of a sediment core from Grossensee. The diversity of subfossil Cladocera, Chironomidae, Chaoborus, and Ostracoda reflects at least five different stages of development. Three extended cycles correspond to different climatic periods in the first 10 000 years of the lake's history, while during the last 2 000 years, two shorter cycles can be identified which correlate with proofs or even historical events for human activity in the catchment area. During this time the profundal fauna changed from stenoxibiontic to euryoxibiontic species. In the planktonic fauna a succession of three Eubosmina types, B. longispina, B. coregoni kessleri, and B. coregoni coregoni, was observed. The chydorid and ostracod assembly of the littoral showed no clear change.
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; cladoceran analysis ; chironomid analysis ; successions ; lake development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the subfossil assemblages of chironomids and cladocerans significant changes were found during the late-glacial and postglacial development of a small, shallow North German lake. The successions observed were obviously not related to eutrophication but to factors such as climatic conditions and lake siltation. The absence of species of the subgenus Eubosmina during postglacial times as well as the predominance of Alonella species among the chydorids was due to the small dimensions of the water body.
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; Pannonian lakes ; infilling process ; environmental change ; hydrosere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Data on the stratigraphy and development of a former lake near the town of Vracov, SE Moravia, Czechoslovakia, are presented. The infilling process and vegetation succession are described. An attempt to reconstruct changes in habitat conditions during the last ca. 13 000 years has been made.
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; diatom succession ; lake development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Late-glacial and Postglacial sediments of the former Komořany Lake in North-West Bohemia were studied by means of diatom analysis to trace the pattern of past environmental change in the lake. Several phases of lake development could be distinguished. Originally the Komořany Lake was a eutrophic shallow water basin. The diatom succession in the early Postglacial sediment indicates alternating alkaliphilic, epiphytic and planktonic diatom communities associated with changes in water level in the basin. At the beginning of the Subatlantic period the water level began to rise and the development of planktonic diatoms, typical of small eutrophic lakes, occurred. Later, the basin became shallow again and the number of indifferent and acidophilous diatoms increased. This is typical for the final phase of the infilling process of a lake before its transformation to peatland
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; diatom flora ; sediments ; Vistula Lagoon ; Poland
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The variability of Actinocyclus kuetzingii (A.S.) Sim. in the Littorina deposits of the Vistula Lagoon and Lake Druzno were studied. During the time of the Littorina Lake Druzno was a part of the Vistula Lagoon. In the different parts of the Lagoon both the abundance of A. kuetzingii and the diameter of its valves change in a manner associated with phases of the Littorina transgression. Coscinodiscus (Actinocyclus) kuetzingii fo. subsalsa Brockmann is probably an ecotype of A. kuetzingii (A.S.) Sim.
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 103 (1983), S. 257-260 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): paleolimnology ; palynology ; bacteriology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract There are many lake basins in the Soviet Union, both in the humid and the arid regions, including lowland and alpine, and shallow and deep-water lakes. Lithological, geochemical, radiological and paleobiological methods have been utilized in studying the history of these lakes. Lake Zaisan in Kazakhstan is described as an example of lake development in the arid zone, whilst the lake systems of the Pribaltica, where human influence on the environment is clearly recorded, exemplifies the humid zone.
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