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1

Electronic Resource

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root length and distribution in an oak-palmetto scrub ecosystem in central Florida (1996)

DAY, FRANK P. ; WEBER, EVERETT P. ; HINKLE, C. ROSS ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Atmospheric CO2 concentration is rising and it has been suggested that a portion of the additional carbon is being sequestered in terrestrial vegetation and much of that in below-ground structures. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root length and distribution with depth with minirhizotrons in an open-top chamber experiment in an oak-palmetto scrub ecosystem at Kennedy Space Centre, Florida, USA. Observations were made five times over a period of one and a half years in three ambient chambers (350 p.p.m. CO2), three CO2 enriched chambers (700 p.p.m. CO2), and three unchambered plots. Greater root length densities were produced in the elevated CO2 chambers (14.2 mm cm−2) compared to the ambient chambers (8.7 mm cm−2). More roots may presumably lead to more efficient acquisition of resources. Fine root abundance varied significantly with soil depth, and there appeared to be enhanced proliferation of fine roots near the surface (0–12 cm) and at greater depth (49–61 cm) in the elevated CO2 chambers. The vertical root distribution pattern may be a response to availability of nutrients and water. More studies are needed to determine if increased root length under CO2 enriched conditions actually results in greater sequestering of carbon below ground.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00059.x

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2

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Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on root decomposition in a scrub oak ecosystem (2001)

Dilustro, John J. ; Day, Frank P. ; Drake, Bert G.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 7 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root decomposition over a 828-day period were investigated using open top chambers with both ambient and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 treatments in an oak–palmetto scrub ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Carbon dioxide enrichment of the chambers began 15 May 1996. The experiment included roots grown in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. Vertical litterbags installed in September 1996 in each elevated and ambient chamber incubated from December 1996 to December 1998 showed no significant treatment effect on fine root or rhizome mass loss. Initial fine root percentage mass loss varied from 10.3% to 13.5% after three months; 55.5% to 38.3% of original mass had been lost after 828 days. A period of nitrogen immobilization occurred in both fine roots and rhizomes in the elevated CO2 incubation, which is a potential mechanism for nitrogen conservation for this system in an elevated CO2 world.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00428.x

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3

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Root Dynamics in Restored and Naturally Regenerated Atlantic White Cedar Wetlands (2004)

Rodgers, H. LeRoy ; Day, Frank P. ; Atkinson, Robert

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc

Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: This work addressed the seasonal and successional factors of root dynamics in natural and restoration Atlantic white cedar (AWC) wetlands. Using minirhizotrons and soil root cores, fine root dynamics were measured in a chronosequence of reference and restoration AWC wetlands to compare trends in ecosystem development after canopy harvest. Seasonal fine root abundance, production, and mortality were sampled during a 439-day period in one restoration and three reference AWC wetlands. Soil cores were collected to measure fine root biomass and to determine allometric relationships between root length and biomass. Significant seasonal variation of root dynamics was observed in the young reference and restoration sites. The mature and intermediate-aged sites exhibited little seasonal variability in root abundance and mortality. Root production was variable but not seasonally consistent. Results suggest that root dynamics become less seasonal as AWC communities shift from herbaceous to woody vegetation dominance. No trend in fine root abundance along the chronosequence was observed, suggesting that roots rapidly reestablish following tree harvest. Measurements of annual root length production suggest increasing annual production with decreasing stand age. However, a reversal of this trend was observed when using production estimates calculated from minirhizotron measurements and root length–mass relationships. These findings underscore the importance of supplementing minirhizotron data with root allometric relationships when analyzing vegetation gradients. Overall, results indicate substantial differences in the form and quantity of root contributions to soil organic matter in the restoration site compared to that in the reference chronosequence. Higher initial planting densities of AWC are recommended to achieve similar contributions of roots to soil organic matter accumulation in the restoration site.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00211.x

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4

Electronic Resource

Methane flux in the Great Dismal Swamp (1982)

Harriss, Robert C. ; Sebacher, Daniel I. ; Day, Frank P.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 297 (1982), S. 673-674

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Major natural sources of atmospheric methane involve anaerobic fermentation of organic material by microbial activity in wetland ecosystems and enteric fermentation in mammals2. While several laboratory and field investigations have identified variables correlated and coupled to the biogenesis of ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297673a0

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5

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Effects of flooding on leaf litter decomposition in microcosms (1983)

Day, Frank P.

Springer

Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 180-184

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The effects of hydroperiod on decomposition rates of senescent Acer rubrum leaves were tested in microcosms in a controlled laboratory environment. Microcosm treatments included continuously flooded, continuously unflooded, and fluctuating hydroperiods. All flooding treatments promoted decomposition but variations in hydroperiod had no significant effects. A leaching experiment indicated the higher decay rates under flooded conditions were primarily due to high leaching losses from soaking. Unlike nutrient dynamics in the field, where net accumulation occurs, nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter in the microcosms exhibited net losses. The major external inputs which provide a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for immobilization in the field were lacking in the microcosms. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium exhibited net losses except for calcium in the unflooded microcosms. The microcosm results demonstrated the importance of external inputs to litter nutrient relations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379689

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6

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Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: Litter quality and environmental controls (1997)

Conn, Christine E. ; Day, Frank P.

Springer

Plant and soil 195 (1997), S. 351-364

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: barrier island ; environmental effects ; litter quality ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; root decomposition

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A root decomposition study using the litterbag approach was conducted along a dune and swale chronosequence on the Virginia Coast Reserve-Long Term Ecological Research Site in Virginia, USA to evaluate how environmental and substrate quality factors influence belowground decay and associated nutrient dynamics. Gradients in moisture levels and nitrogen availability associated with the chronosequence provided the experimental framework. Spartina patens roots were buried at all sites as a standard substrate to evaluate environmental influences. Roots native to each site were buried to evaluate community decay dynamics and the influence of litter quality. Spartina decay was reduced in the wet, anoxic soils of swale sites (k = 0.21–0.33 yr-1) relative to decay in dunes soils (k = 0.52–0.72 yr-1). Increasing soil nitrogen availability from younger to older sites had no effect on the rate of Spartina root decay. Native root decay across the Hog Island chronosequence exhibits certain trends expected in response to nitrogen limitation and moisture availability. Increased nitrogen content of root material corresponds to increased soil nitrogen availability. Among dune sites, native root decay increased in concert with increased root nitrogen (6 year k = 0.34 yr-1, 120 year dune: k = 0.97 yr-1). Litter quality, alone, does not explain this trend since Spartina roots decayed more slowly than native dune roots and had a higher initial nitrogen content. Among swales, increased moisture levels and associated soil anoxia inhibited native root decomposition and minimized the effects of litter quality on decay. In general, phosphorus was rapidly lost from decaying roots while nitrogen immobilization was low to nonexistent. The low nitrogen immobilization of decaying roots in a nitrogen limited ecosystem warrants further study and may reveal that belowground decay increases the rate of nutrient cycling relative to decay aboveground.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004214216889

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7

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community (1996)

Weber, Everett P. ; Day, Frank P.

Springer

Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 139-148

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: fine roots ; minirhizotron ; mortality ; nitrogen fertilization ; phenology ; root cohorts

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Little work has been done on the phenology of root growth and senescence largely due to methodological difficulties. The application of minirhizotron technology has enabled the tracking of individual roots through an entire growing season. As a result, direct measures of mortality, root growth, and an analysis of cohorts can be obtained. This study examined the belowground response of vegetation in a nutrient limited system to nitrogen addition. Small plots on a 36 year old dune on Hog Island, a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research Site, were fertilized with nitrogen. Minirhizotron tubes were installed in each fertilized and control plot. Each tube was sampled monthly for nine months, March through October of 1992. Root length density increased throughout the growing season with the greatest root length density in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. The fertilized plots had greater root length densities (14.1 mm cm-2) than the unfertilized plots (2.9 mm cm-2). There was no significant depth × treatment interaction. Root mortality did not significantly change with fertilization. The largest loss of roots for a cohort occurred within the first month. The dune grassland community did not respond to fertilization with large changes in root distribution or increases in mortality in this study.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011002

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8

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Algal dynamics and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in a cypress stand in the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (1983)

Atchue, J. A. ; Day, Frank P. ; Marshall, Harold G.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 115-122

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: cypress swamp ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; periphytic algae ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Both periphytic and planktonic algae are found in areas of the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (Virginia, U.S.A.). The dynamics of these algae were studied in a cypress stand and the periphytic algae appeared to be important as nutrient conservers. Clear temporal patterns in phytoplankton dominance were also observed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006743

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BioTIME : a database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene (2018)

Dornelas, Maria ; Antao, Laura H. ; Moyes, Faye ; [et al.]

John Wiley & Sons

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: © The Author(s), 2018]. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Global Ecology and Biogeography 27 (2018): 760-786, doi:10.1111/geb.12729.

Description: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.

Description: European Research Council and EU, Grant/Award Number: AdG‐250189, PoC‐727440 and ERC‐SyG‐2013‐610028; Natural Environmental Research Council, Grant/Award Number: NE/L002531/1; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DEB‐1237733, DEB‐1456729, 9714103, 0632263, 0856516, 1432277, DEB‐9705814, BSR‐8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 0080538, DEB 0218039, DEB 0620910, DEB 0963447, DEB‐1546686, DEB‐129764, OCE 95‐21184, OCE‐ 0099226, OCE 03‐52343, OCE‐0623874, OCE‐1031061, OCE‐1336206 and DEB‐1354563; National Science Foundation (LTER) , Grant/Award Number: DEB‐1235828, DEB‐1440297, DBI‐0620409, DEB‐9910514, DEB‐1237517, OCE‐0417412, OCE‐1026851, OCE‐1236905, OCE‐1637396, DEB 1440409, DEB‐0832652, DEB‐0936498, DEB‐0620652, DEB‐1234162 and DEB‐0823293; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: POPH/FSE SFRH/BD/90469/2012, SFRH/BD/84030/2012, PTDC/BIA‐BIC/111184/2009; SFRH/BD/80488/2011 and PD/BD/52597/2014; Ciência sem Fronteiras/CAPES, Grant/Award Number: 1091/13‐1; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Grant/Award Number: IC120019; ARC Centre of Excellence, Grant/Award Number: CE0561432; NSERC Canada; CONICYT/FONDECYT, Grant/Award Number: 1160026, ICM PO5‐002, CONICYT/FONDECYT, 11110351, 1151094, 1070808 and 1130511; RSF, Grant/Award Number: 14‐50‐00029; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Grant/Award Number: GBMF4563; Catalan Government; Marie Curie Individual Fellowship, Grant/Award Number: QLK5‐CT2002‐51518 and MERG‐CT‐2004‐022065; CNPq, Grant/Award Number: 306170/2015‐9, 475434/2010‐2, 403809/2012‐6 and 561897/2010; FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), Grant/Award Number: 2015/10714‐6, 2015/06743‐0, 2008/10049‐9, 2013/50714‐0 and 1999/09635‐0 e 2013/50718‐5; EU CLIMOOR, Grant/Award Number: ENV4‐CT97‐0694; VULCAN, Grant/Award Number: EVK2‐CT‐2000‐00094; Spanish, Grant/Award Number: REN2000‐0278/CCI, REN2001‐003/GLO and CGL2016‐79835‐P; Catalan, Grant/Award Number: AGAUR SGR‐2014‐453 and SGR‐2017‐1005; DFG, Grant/Award Number: 120/10‐2; Polar Continental Shelf Program; CENPES – PETROBRAS; FAPERJ, Grant/Award Number: E‐26/110.114/2013; German Academic Exchange Service; sDiv; iDiv; New Zealand Department of Conservation; Wellcome Trust, Grant/Award Number: 105621/Z/14/Z; Smithsonian Atherton Seidell Fund; Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Research Council of Norway; Conselleria de Innovació, Hisenda i Economia; Yukon Government Herschel Island‐Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park; UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant, Grant/Award Number: NE/M016323/1; IPY; Memorial University; ArcticNet. DOI: 10.13039/50110000027. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research in the Tropics NWO, grant W84‐194. Ciências sem Fronteiras and Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Grant/Award Number: 1091/13‐1. National Science foundation (LTER), Award Number: OCE‐9982105, OCE‐0620276, OCE‐1232779. FCT ‐ SFRH / BPD / 82259 / 2011. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/State Wildlife federal grant number T‐15. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CE140100020). Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT110100609. M.B., A.J., K.P., J.S. received financial support from internal funds of University of Lódź. NSF DEB 1353139. Catalan Government fellowships (DURSI): 1998FI‐00596, 2001BEAI200208, MECD Post‐doctoral fellowship EX2002‐0022. National Science Foundation Award OPP‐1440435. FONDECYT 1141037 and FONDAP 15150003 (IDEAL). CNPq Grant 306595‐2014‐1

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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