ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Lepidoptera  (97)
  • Hymenoptera  (47)
  • Yeast  (43)
  • phosphorus  (43)
  • Coleoptera  (40)
  • Turbulence
  • Springer  (265)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer International Publishing
  • Springer Nature
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (255)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1990  (255)
  • 1974  (10)
Sammlung
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (265)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer International Publishing
  • Springer Nature
    • +
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (255)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
    • +
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pteridine compounds in adults of the pink-spotted bollowrm, Pectinophora scutigera (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Age ; pteridine ; Pectinophora ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé En chromatographie liqudde à haute performance (HPLC) à détection par fluorescence, 4 composés ptéridiniques: la xanthoptérine, l'isoxanthoptérine, la 6-bioptérine et la ptérine ont été décelés dans les têtes de P. scutigera Holdaway (Lep. Gelechiidae) adultes. Un autre composé, dénommé ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’, a été décelé aussi dans les têtes de papillons; de même l'isoxanthoptérine a été décelée dans les thorax et abdomens. Les concentrations de ces ptérines ont été dosées dans les têtes des papillons de 2 à 50 jours au laboratoire à 25°C. Les concentrations d'isoxatthoptérine ont été dosées dans les thorax et les abdomens de 2 à 40 jours. La xanthoptérine de la ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ diminuent nettement avec l'âge, tandis que la ptérine diminue plus lentement et que la 6-bioptérine se maintient pratiquement sans changements. L'isoxanthoptérine diminue dans les têtes de mâles de 38,3 ng/tête à 2 j à 22,7 ng/tête à 50 j, mais chez les femelles les concentrations augmentent nettement de 41,2 ng/tête à 2 j à 150,4 ng/tête à 50 j. Des modifications de même type ont été observées dans les thorax et les abdomens des mâles et des femelles. Les modifications de concentration de la ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ des têtes de papillons peuvent être utilisées pour évaluer l'âge physiologique de mâles et des femelles de P. scutigera. La confiance dans ces estimations peut être améliorée en se référant aux concentrations d'isoxanthoptérine dans les thorax des mâles et au rapport isoxanthoptérine/‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ dans les têtes de femelles.
    Notizen: Abstract The amounts of four pteridine compounds, xanthopterin, isoxanthopterin, 6-biopterin and pterin and a further unidentified substance, termed ‘modified xanthopterin’, were determined in the heads of adult Pectinophora scutigera (Holdaway) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), aged between 2 and 50 days and reared in the laboratory at 25°C. The level of isoxanthopterin was also determined in the thoraces and abdomens of moths aged between 2 and 40 days. The levels of xanthopterin, and ‘modified xanthopterin’ decreased markedly in the heads of males and females with increasing moth age, while those of pterin decreased more slowly and 6-biopterin remained largely unchanged. Isoxanthopterin decreased in male heads from 38.3 ng/head at 2 days to 22.7 ng/head at 50 days, but in females levels increased from 41.2 ng/head at 2 days to 150.4 ng/head at 50 days. Similar changes in the amounts of isoxanthopterin with increasing moth age were observed in male and female thoraces and abdomens. The results are discussed in relation to using pteridine compounds for estimating the physiological age of P. scutigera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349597
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heritable differences in the response of the braconid waspMicroplitis croceipes to volatile allelochemicals (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): parasitoid behavior ; heritable traits ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; allelochemical ; flight response ; host location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The heritable nature of differential responses by Microplitis croceipes(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to airborne allelochemicals was investigated. Four isofemale lines were tested for three generations in a flight tunnel. Flight response was found to be strongly dependent on the familial origin, with two highly responsive lines being clearly differentiated from two less responsive ones. Each isofemale line could also be recognized by typical behaviors that suggested that M. croceipesfemales may inherit independent characters of sensory acuity to plant and to host chemicals and of learning ability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052110
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rubbing behavior and morphology of van der Vecht's gland inBelonogaster petiolata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 85-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; Belonogaster petiolata ; rubbing behavior ; sternal gland ; ant predation ; defensive allomone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Females of the social wasp, Belonogaster petiolata,rub the secretion of van der Vecht's gland, located on their terminal gastral sternite, onto the nest pedicel. In bioassays, the secretion was repellent to two species of ants, while shortchain acids were effective releasers of rubbing behavior. Rubbing was associated with pedicel enlargement and departure from the nest in preemergence colonies. Its frequency was high where wasps were often exposed to ants and low where ants were rare or absent. Rubbing also decreased significantly from the pre-to the postemergence stage of the colony cycle. In both stages, subordinate foundresses rubbed more often than queens or workers. These observations support the hypothesis that rubbing behavior and the secretion of van der Vecht's gland function in chemical defense of the nest against ant predation. The general morphology of the gland in B. petiolataresembles that of the four other independent-founding polistine wasp genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049197
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral responses of maleHeliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths in a flight tunnel to combinations of components identified from female sex pheromone glands (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): cotton bollworm ; Heliothis armigera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; flight tunnel ; male behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Six compounds were identified from gland extracts of the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera(Hubner): (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexa-decenal (Z9-16:Ald), hexadecanal, (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH), (Z)-7-hexadecenal (Z7-16:Ald), and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald). Each of the compounds that were identified was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. Males flew upwind to Z11-16:Ald alone, but greater levels of copulatory responses were evoked with the addition of 2.5% Z9-16:Ald to the Z11-16:Ald. Addition of hexadecanal to the binary mixture had no effect in raising the behavioral response of the males in the flight tunnel. The effect of Z7-16:Ald on male flight depended on the loading. The addition of 1% of this component to 2 mg of the binary mixture reduced levels of copulatory response, but the same addition (1 %) to 10 μg of the binary mixture increased copulatory response. The addition of 79-14:Ald or Z11-16:OH to the binary mixture reduced behavioral responses of males. High loadings of the binary mixture (200–2000 μg) were better than a low loading (10 μg) in eliciting response of males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049196
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aerial prey caching by solitary ground-nesting wasps: A test of the predator defense hypothesis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): antipredator behavior ; prey caching ; Ammophila ; Formica ; foraging behavior ; Hymenoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Many solitary ground-nesting wasps in the families Pompilidae and Sphecidae excavate nests after capturing prey for provisions. These wasps generally cache their immobilized prey temporarily during nest excavation, frequently by suspending the prey in a plant (”aerial caching”). Here I test the hypothesis that aerial caching by Ammophila spp. wasps (Sphecidae) functions to reduce prey theft by generalist predators, Formica spp. ants. Foraging ants removed baits placed on the ground more rapidly than baits suspended in plants; mean half-lives for ground and aerial baits were 14.5 and 145.7 min, respectively (mean values for experiments 1–3). Ant foraging activity decreased during the midday. Ant interference with nesting activities of Ammophila spp. also decreased during the midday, paralleling observed fluctuations in ant foraging activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417915
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of male green June beetlesCotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to female volatiles in a flight tunnel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Cotinis nitida (L.) ; beetle flight ; pheromone bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417918
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in ant aggression and kin discrimination ability within and between colonies (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 359-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): ant ; aggression ; kin discrimination ; Rhytidoponera confusa ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Significant variation in aggressiveness and kin discrimination ability occurs between different laboratory colonies of the ant Rhytidoponera confusa.Different colonies show consistently high (or low) levels of aggression toward nonnestmates over 4–19 weeks. Earlier studies excluded colony size and the natural presence or absence of the queen in colonies and differences in hunger as possible sources of variation. The present study excluded the number of larvae in colonies and the time of the light period of the light cycle when recognition tests were carried out. Highly significant variation occurs between the kin discrimination ability of individual workers in any particular colony. Approximately 28% of the workers in colonies of R. confusashowed very poor kin discrimination. Much of the colony's kin discrimination is carried out by a small number of highly aggressive workers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052114
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suitability of eight Yponomeuta-species as hosts of Diadegma armillata (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Encapsulation ; evolutionary relationships ; host suitability ; parasitization ; parasitoid complexes ; Diadegma armillata ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la valeur de 8 représentants européens du genre Yponomeuta (Lep., Yponomeutidae) comme hôtes pour Diadegma armillata (Hym., Ichneumonidae). La présence, l'état du parasitoïde, le nombre de chenilles contenant un hyménoptère et la mortalité des chenilles on été examinés par dissection et par élevage des chenilles attaquées en conditions contrôlées. Pour examiner si la mortalité des chenilles saines et parasitées diffèrent, des chenilles non contaminées par l'ichneumonide ont été utilisées comme témoins. De plus, des chenilles provenant de différentes parties des Pays-Bas et d'Allemagne ont été disséquées pour connaître leur taux de parasitisme par D. armillata. La valeur des diverses espèces diffère considérablement. Les dissections montrent que cela provient de différentes aptitudes à l'encapsulation des œufs du parasite. La comparaison des taux observés par la dissection des chenilles des différentes parties des Pays-Bas et d'Allemagne montre une surprenante uniformité pour les populations d'origines géographiques différentes. Les observations sur l'encapsulation par les différentes espèces d'yponomeutes correspondent assez bien aux différences observées parmi les divers complexes parasitaires dans lesquels D. armillata intervient. Certains éléments montrent cependant que le taux d'attaques victorieuses (sans tenir compte d'une éventuelle encapsulation ultérieure) contribue aussi aux différences observées entre les complexes parasitaires. Le classement des espèces d'yponomeutes en 3 catégories, d'après leur valeur comme hôte, montre un remarquable parallélisme avec les relations phylogéniques mises en évidence par analyse des allozymes: les espèces présentant une forte proportion d'encapsulation sont celles qui ont divergé précocement au cours de l'évolution du genre, tandis que les espèces ayant divergé le plus récemment présentent un pourcentage intermédiaire ou sont incapables d'encapsuler les œufs de D. armillata.
    Notizen: Abstract The suitability as a host of Diadegma armillata (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) was determined for eight West-European representatives of the genus Yponomeuta Latreille (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) by dissecting and rearing parasitized larvae under controlled conditions. The suitability of the various species differed considerably, and dissection showed that this was mainly due to the ability of the host species to encapsulate the parasitoid eggs. Encapsulation by Yponomeuta-species corresponded fairly well to the differences between the parasitoid complexes concerning D. armillata. Classifying the Yponomeuta-species into three categories according to their suitability, showed a remarkable parallelism with the phylogenetic relationships as determined by allozyme comparison: species showing high encapsulation rates are those that have diverged early in the evolution of the genus, whereas the more recently evolved species showed an intermediate percentage or were not able to encapsulate eggs of D. armillata.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343526
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of corn planting date on the life stage development and phenology of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; corn ; life-stage occurrence ; planting date
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans les conditions de l'est du Sud Dakota (USA), 3 dates de semailles de maïs et 3 dates de contamination avec des œufs de D. virgifera virgifera LeConte ont servi à imposer ou à empêcher la synchronisation des éclosions des œufs et par conséquent des développements ultérieurs. Les dates médianes d'apparition de chacun des 3 stades larvaires et des imagos ont été déterminées en relation avec les unités de température et le nombre de jours depuis la contamination. Aucune différence significative entre les dates médianes d'apparition n'a été mise en évidence par utilisation des unités de température; par contre, ces différences deviennent significatives lorsque l'on utilise le nombre de jours depuis la contamination. Des paramètres fiables sont nécessaires pour prédire la présence des différentes stades de cet insecte. En dépit des différentes conditions imposées pour cette étude, la méthode la moins capricieuse pour prédire l'apparition d'un stade larvaire et l'émergence des adultes est la somme de températures avec une base de 11°C.
    Notizen: Abstract Under field conditions in eastern South Dakota, USA three different planting dates of corn and three times of egg infestation were used to imposed synchronous and asynchronous timing of corn growth and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte egg hatch and subsequent development. Median occurrence of each of the three larval stages and of the adult stage for each of the infestation-planting treatments was determined by relating occurrence to thermal units and to days after infestation. No significant differences were found among the treatments for median occurrence of each life stage when the thermal unit approach was used. However, significant differences were found among treatments for median occurrence when the day after infestation approach was used. Consistent parameters are needed for prediction of the occurrence of life stages of this insect. Despite the various imposed conditions, this study indicates that the least variable method of predicting life stage occurrence and adult emergence of D. v. virgifera was the use of thermal unit accumulations (base 11°C).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186790
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Foraging behavior of Campoletis sonorensis in response to Heliothis virescens and cotton plants (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Heliothis virescens ; cotton ; potential host community location ; host location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les comportements d'évaluation de l'effectif d'hôtes potentiels et de la position des hôtes par C. sonorensis (Hyméno.: Iccheumonidae) ont été quantifiés pour déterminer les séquences significatives des événements comportementaux. La localisation de la colonie potentielle d'hôtes est apparue comme une séquence régulière des événements comportementaux. Une fois que le parasitoïde a localisé une colonie potentielle, on a constaté que la recherche au hasard des hôtes se poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'il ait la démonstration qu'il s'agit d'une plante attaquée. La localisation par le parasitoïde d'un hôte certain a consitué une autre séquence régulière des événements comportementaux terminant la localisation de l'hôte. L'influence de pieds de coton intacts, de pieds abîmés mécaniquement et de pieds occupés par des chenilles du 3ème stade de l'hôte et de plantes dont les chenilles ont été retirées juste avant l'expérience a été déterminée en modifiant la composition du complexe hôte/plante. Des femelles naïves de C. sonorensis ont montré en présence de pieds de coton intacts apparemment toutes les séquences comportementales de vol impliquées dans la localisation d'une colonie potentielle d'hôtes. Une fois que le parasitoïde a atteint la colonie potentielle d'hôtes, la présence de dégâts de l'hôte n'a pas modifié le temps passé sur la plante, mais a modifié le temps consacré à la prospection.
    Notizen: Abstract Wind tunnel flight behavior of inexperienced female Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) in response to its larval host Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on the host plant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is described. The flight behavioral sequence was determined by quantification of frequencies of observed behaviors and probabilities of first-order behavioral transitions. Comparison of inexperienced C. sonorensis flights to undamaged and damaged cotton indicated that stimuli from undamaged plants alone are adequate to elicit the complete flight behavioral sequence observed in response to H. virescens feeding on cotton. Parasitoid foraging behavior was also analyzed after landing on the stimulus. This behavior appeared to be random in its initial stages, but became sequential after location of evidence of a host. Analysis of foraging on undamaged and 3 treatments of damaged cotton resulted in the determination that parasitoids tend to remain on damaged plants longer than undamaged plants although no significant difference was detected. C. sonorensis spent a greater percentage of their time foraging on host damaged plants than on undamaged plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188227
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of 1-alkenes in the defensive secretions ofTribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae); stereochemical implications (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 700-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; Tribolium confusum ; defesive secretion ; biosynthesis of 1-alkenes ; oxidative decarboxylation ; anti-elimination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The terminally unsaturated hydrocarbons of the defensive secretion ofTribolium confusum are biosynthesized from fatty acids by oxidative decarboxylation. The process involves an enantiospecific cleavage of the C−H bond of thepro-(S) C(3)−H atom and simultaneous decarboxylation of the acid into an 1-alkene and carbon dioxide via ananti-periplanar transition state geometry (anti-elimination). The stereochemistry of this biotranformation is identical in all respects with the same reaction in higher plants. The mechanism seems to be of general importance for the biosynthesis of many vinylic substructures of natural products from oxygen-containing precursors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939939
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The short term response to eutrophication abatement (1990)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 52 (1990), S. 199-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Schlagwort(e): Eutrophication ; lake management ; phosphorus ; ecosystem ; chlorophyll-a ; mathematical modelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We compare results of a new model for predicting the short term inter annual changes in chlorophyll-a (chl-a) in lakes after reductions in total phosphorus (TP) to predictions made by least squares regression models. In the new method, slopes of chl-a/TP graphs (both axes in mg · m−3) are depicted in frequency diagrams and used to extract information on the expected, short term chl-a/TP response. The short term response for nine shallow (〈 10 m deep) and nutrient rich lakes to changes in TP was found to be: Chl-a = 0.49 · TP + 17.3, and for nine deep, P-limited lakes: Chl-a = 0.08 · TP + 3.5. If the TP-reduction is known to be greater than 10 mg · m−3, the expected slope increases to 0.58 for shallow lakes and to 0.26 for deep lakes. The slope, 0.58, is 8% lower than the slope for the long term response calculated by regression for the shallow lakes. For deep lakes the slope, 0.26, is 2 to 3 times higher than that calculated by regression, indicating that reductions in TP for deep lakes give greater effects than least squares regression equations suggest. We have also calculated the reduction in TP which will give about 80% probability that a reduction in chl-a will be observed next year. For shallow, P-limited lakes this reduction is about 30 mg · m−3 (5% of average initial in-lake TP concentration), and for deep lakes about 14 mg · m−3 (35% of average initial in-lake TP concentration).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877280
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vertical mixing in Überlinger See, western part of Lake Constance (1990)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 52 (1990), S. 256-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Schlagwort(e): Vertical mixing ; stratification ; phosphorus ; Lake Constance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Depth variable vertical eddy diffusion coefficients for heat (K z) were calculated from continuously measured temperature profiles in Überlinger See (western part of Lake Constance). The temperatures were averaged over vertical intervals of 10 m yielding 14 discrete values (maximum depth of Überlinger See: 147 m). A linear fit from 10 June to 29 September 1987 was used to smooth the significant temperature fluctuations caused by internal seiches of Lake Constance. Assuming horizontal homogeneity for the smoothed data the Gradient-Flux-Method was applied to compute vertical diffusion coefficientsK z at different depths using the depth variable volumes and surfaces of the 14 layers. The resulting mean diffusion coefficients for the period from June to September are 0.04 cm2/s near the thermocline and up to 0.8 cm2/s in deeper strata (accuracy: ± 50%). It is shown that horizontal mixing between Überlinger See and Obersee (main lake) alters the computation ofK z by less than 50%. A relationship betweenK z and stability (Brunt-Väisälä) frequencyN is found which corresponds well to the theory of internal wave induced turbulence. Combining the diffusion coefficients with measured phosphorus profiles, a phosphorus flux from the hypolimnion to the epilimnion of (0.7 ± 0.4) mg P m−2 d−1 was calculated, corresponding to about 20% of the average external loading per area of Lake Constance in 1986.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877283
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of adult diet on the reproductive biology and survival of the western corn rootworm,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; corn rootworms ; age-specific survival ; age-specific fecundity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé D. virgifera virgifera LeConte a été placé sur des régimes nutritifs mimant l'évolution des tissus du maïs disponsibles dans le champ lorsque les insectes éclosent est aux stades suivants du maïs: 1) après émergence de l'épi mâle, mais avant l'apparition des barbes et l'émission du pollen; 2) lors de la présence de barbes et de l'émission de pollen; 3) après la pollinisation et quand les barbes ont bruni. Un quatrième régime a été fourni pendant toute l'expérience comprenant des barbes vertes, du pollen et des feuilles. Les pontes moyennes des femelles pendant les 12 semaines de l'étude on été 125, 235, 179 et 441 pour les régimes 1, 2, 3 et 4. Les dates de mort de la moitié des adultes a été 7,2, 7,2, 6,7 et 8,8 semaines pour respectivement les mêmes régimes. Les femelles du régime 1 pondent à un âge plus avancé que les femelles des régimes 2 et 3. L'influence des changements de la qualité alimentaire du maïs au fur et à mesure du vieillissement des plantes et deDiabrotica, a été déterminée par la survie au bout de 48 heures d'insectes éclos depuis peu et d'autres maintenus en cage sur des lots de maïs à différents stades poussant en serre depuis des temps plus ou moins longs. Plus les plantes sont âgées, plus la survie des 2 groupes deDiabrotica diminue, mais plus vite chez les lots d'insectes âgés.
    Notizen: Abstract Adult corn rootworm beetles,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were maintained on three dietary regimes which mimicked the progression of corn tissues that would be available in the field for beetles eclosing when corn was in the following growth stages: (A) after tassels had emerged but prior to silking and pollen shed; (B) while plants were silking and shedding pollen; and (C) after pollination was complete and silks had turned brown. A fourth regime (D) was established in which green corn silks, pollen, and leaves were provided throughout the study. The mean number of eggs laid per female over the 12-week duration of the study was 125, 235, 179, and 441 for regimes A, B, C, and D, respectively. Median length of life was 7.2, 7.2, 6.7, and 8.8 weeks for regimes A, B, C, and D respectively. Beetles in regime A laid a greater proportion of their eggs at an older age than did beetles from regimes B and C. To further investigate the influences on survival of changes in food quality of corn as plants and beetles aged, newly-eclosed beetles and beetles that had been maintained in caged plots of corn growing in a greenhouse for various lengths of time were caged on corn at different stages of growth, and the proportion of beetles surviving for 48 h was determined. Survival decreased as plants aged for both groups of beetles, but decreased at a faster rate for old than for young beetles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579611
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calling behaviour ofMamestra brassicae: effect of age and photoperiod (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Mamestra brassicae ; sex pheromone ; calling behaviour ; calling posture ; diel periodicity of calling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La périodicité quotidienne de l'appel et les effets de l'âge et de la photopériode ont été examinés sur des femelles vierges deMamestra brassicae (Lépido., Noctuidae). Aucun appel n'a été observé pendant la première scotophase; la plupart des femelles appelaient pour la première fois pendant les 2e et 3e scotophases après l'émergence, quelle que fût la photopériode. Les papillons conservés à 16 J/8 N ont commencé à appeler beaucoup plus tard que ceux dont la photopériode était 18 J/6 N. En vieillissant, les papillons appelaient significativement de plus en plus tôt. Avec 16 J/8 N, la moyenne du moment du début de l'appel a diminué de la scotophase 2 à la scotophase 3, après laquelle il s'est stabilisé autour de 260 min après le début de la scotophase. Avec 18 J/6 N, le moment du début de l'appel a diminué jusqu'à la scotophase 4, et s'est stabilisé ensuite autour de 130 min après le début de l'obscurité.
    Notizen: Abstract Die periodicity of calling and the effect of age and photoperiod on calling behaviour were studied in virgin females of the cabbage moth,mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). No calling activity was observed during the first scotophase. Most females called for the first time during the 2nd or 3rd scotophase after emergence, regardless of the photoperiod. Moths maintained under 16L: 8D started calling significantly later in the scotophase than those maintained under 18L: 6D. With increasing age, moths initiated calling significantly earlier. Under the 16L: 8D photoregime, the mean onset calling time decreased from scotophases 2 to 3, after which it stabilized around ca. 260 min after the start of the scotophase. With 18L: 6D, the onset of calling decreased until scotophase 4, and subsequently stabilized around ca. 130 min after lights off.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579612
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diapause termination and thermal requirements for postdiapause development inAphelinus mali at constant and fluctuating temperatures (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Diapause termination ; postdiapause development ; development threshold ; thermal constant ; Aphelinus mali ; Hymenoptera ; Aphelinidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'achèvement de la diapause en conditions naturelles ou simulant l'hiver, les effets des températures inférieures à zéro sur le développement après la diapause et les relations entre la vitesse de développement après la diapause et les températures constantes ou en thermopériodes ont été examinés sur des populations néerlandaises d'A. mali (Hymenop.; Aphélinidae). Les taux d'achèvement de la diapause de larves hivernantes étaient semblables en conditions naturelles ou simulées. La plupart des larves ont terminé leur diapause la dernière semaine de février. Quelques larves femelles sont restées en diapause jusqu'à fin mars. L'exposition pendant 2 semaines des larves sorties de diapause à −10 °C ne compromet pas leur survie ou leur taux de développement après la diapause. Les larves ayant diapause peuvent terminer leur développement et les adultes émerger des pucerons momifiés aux températures constantes comprises entre 12 et 24 °C. Bien que quelques larves achèvent leur développement à 10 °C, peu émergent. La température seuil théorique de développement après la diapause (to) a été de 9,4 °C et la constante thermique (K), 136,5 degrés-jours. Pour la première émergence et pour 50% d'émergences, les valeurs de K étaient respectivement: 121,4 et 134,8. Le nombre d'unités thermiques pour la première émergence et pour 50% d'émergences était le même à température constante ou avec une thermopériode.
    Notizen: Abstract Diapause termination under natural and simulated overwintering conditions, the effect of subzero temperature on postdiapause development and the relationship between postdiapause development rate and constant and fluctuating temperatures was studied in a Dutch population ofAphelinus mali Hald. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The rate of diapause termination was similar in larvae overwintering under natural and simulated conditions. Most larvae had terminated diapause by the last week of February. Some female larvae may have remained in diapause until the end of March. The exposure of postdiapause larvae to −10°C for two weeks did not affect their survival or postdiapause development rate. PostdiapauseA. mali larvae could complete development and the adults emerge from their mummified aphid hosts at constant temperatures from 12 to 24°C. Although some larvae completed postdiapause development at 10°C, few emerged. The theoretical threshold temperature (to) for postdiapause development was 9.4°C and the thermal constant (K) 136.4 degree-days. K was 121.4 and 134.8 for first and 50% emergence, respectively. The number of heat units accumulating above 9.4°C to 1st and 50% emergence was similar under constant and fluctuating temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579615
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evasion of encapsulation by parasitoid correlated with the extent of host hemocyte pathology (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Parasitoid ; hemocytes ; inhibition of encapsulation ; Hymenoptera ; Lepidoptera hosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'ichneumonide Campoletis sonorensis Carlson, endoparasitoïde larvaire, se développe dans de nombreuses espèces de Lépidoptères. Son statut de généraliste est dû, notamment, à son aptitude à déjouer les défenses immunitaires de ses hôtes, c.a.d. la formation d'une capsule d'hémocytes autour de l'oeuf ou de la larve parasite. Cependant, chez le noctuide Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, C. sonorensis est encapsulé dans 40% des larves qu'il parasite. Nous avons étudié la population hémocytaire de deux catégories de larves de S. frugiperda, celles qualifiées de ‘résistantes’ à C. sonorensis, et qui arrêtent son développement, et celles ‘susceptibles’ où le parasitoïde échappe à l'encapsulation. Cinq types d'hémocytes ont été identifiés: les prohémocytes (PR), les sphérulocytes (SP), les granulocytes (GR), les plasmatocytes (PL) et les oenocytoïdes (OE). Chez les hôtes susceptibles et résistants, le parasite provoque une baisse identique de la concentration totale des hémocytes dans l'hémolymphe (THC). Par contre, les PLs sont davantage affectés chez les hôtes susceptibles que chez ceux résistants au parasitoïde. Les résultats montrent que, chez les hôtes susceptibles, 1) le nombre des PLs dans l'hémolymphe est davantage diminué, et 2) leur aptitude d'adhérence in vitro est davantage inhibée. Il existe donc une corrélation positive entre le degré de pathologies qui affectent les PLs de l'hôte et l'incapacité de celui-ci à encapsuler le parasitoïde. Ceci tend à démontrer le rôle-clé des PLs dans la réaction immunitaire d'encapsulation chez S. frugiperda, comme chez de nombreux insectes. De plus, ce résultat renforce l'hypothèse selon laquelle C. sonorensis éviterait l'encapsulation en agissant sur les hémocytes de l'hôte, et plus particulièrement sur les PLs. Inversement aux PLs, les GRs sont moins abondants dans l'hémolymphe des hôtes qui encapsulent C. sonorensis. Les GRs pourraient donc participer à la formation de la capsule hémocytaire. Il est possible que plusieurs facteurs contribuent à protéger C. sonorensis de l'encapsulation. Néanmoins, les pathologies affectant les hémocytes des hôtes parasités sont probablement une manifestation majeure de l'effet immunosuppresseur du parasitoïde. Les effets de C. sonorensis sur les hémocytes des larves parasitées peuvent être reproduits chez des larves saines, en leur injectant de ‘venin’ extrait des glandes du calyx des femelles parasitoïdes. Ces sécrétions provenant de la glande du calyx, et normalement injectées dans l'hôte lors de l'oviposition, sont probablment responsable, au moins en partie, de l'effet immunosuppresseur du parasitoïde. Ces résultats peuvent être comparés à ceux obtenus chez l'hôte Heliothis virescens Fabricius (lépidoptère, noctuide) qui n'encapsule jamais C. sonorensis. Bien que le parasitoïde provoque les mêmes effets pathologiques sur les hémocytes des hôtes de S. frugiperda et d'H. virescens, on constate que l'effet apparait quelques heures après l'oviposition chez H. virescens, contre 48 heures post-oviposition chez S. frugiperda. Ce délai pourrait contribuer à la résistance immunitaire de certaines larves de S. frugiperda, ‘résistantes’, à C. sonorensis.
    Notizen: Abstract The egg and larval stages of the generalist endoparasitoid Campoletis sonorensis Carlson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which normally avoid the hemocytic reaction of many Lepidopteran host species, are encapsulated in 40% of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The effect of parasitism on inhibiting the spreading ability of S. frugiperda plasmatocytes in vitro is more pronounced in susceptible larvae which fail to encapsulate the parasitoid than in resistant ones permitting parasitoid development. This suggests that induction of plasmatocyte pathology is relevant to the successful evasion of encapsulation by the parasitoid. Some granular cells disappear from the hemolymph of the parasitized resistant larvae, which implicates their involvement in the encapsulation reaction. Calyx fluid of C. sonorensis injected into host larvae produced effects on host hemocytes identical to natural parasitism. Several mechanism may cooperate to protect the parasitoid from encapsulation. The pathological reactions by the host plasmatocytes is one main manifestation of the ‘immunosuppressive’ parasitoid effect. Results are discussed in regard to the known effects of C. sonorensis on Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval hemocytes which are totally unable to respond with a successful cellular defense reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188222
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation of hardwood hemicellulose hydrolysate byPachysolen tannophilus, candida shehatae andPichia stipitis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Lignocellulosic waste ; Yeast ; Ethanol production ; Optimization study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Hardwood hemicellulose hydrolysate has been utilized as a substrate for ethanol production. Among the three different yeasts tested, the best performances have been obtained, in decreasing order, usingPachysolen tannophilus, Candida shehatae andPichia stipitis. Several pretreatments of this raw material have been studied to improve ethanol yields; in one such pretreatment a strain ofP. tannophilus produced ethanol with a yield of 0.29 gethanol/gsugars (gP/gS); which is only 15% less than the values observed with synthetic media. Neither aeration nor acetone addition improved the fermentation of this substrate; in fact, only a marked stimulation of biomass growth has been observed at the expense of both ethanol and xylitol production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577690
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The intron of the yeast actin gene contains the promoter for an antisense RNA (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Actin ; Intron ; Antisense RNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using Northern blot analysis we have detected an approximately 840 nucleotide-long RNA which is complementary to the 5′ leader sequence and the first ten nucleotides of the coding sequence of the yeast actin (ACT1) messenger RNA. We have determined two transcription start sites for this actin antisense RNA (ASR1), both within the ACT1 intron, at about 80 and 90 nucleotides downstream from the 5′ splice site. Analysis of a cDNA clone showed that this RNA species overlaps the entire trailer sequence and approximately 20 nucleotides of the coding sequence of the nearby yeast YPT1 gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312620
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondrial modifications in a single nuclear mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affected in cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Mutants ; Cytochrome ; Mitochondria ; Oxidative phosphorylation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper reports studies of bioenergetic modifications in a TTR1 single-nuclear mutant, isolated as resistant to triethyltin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase, and effective in cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. This mutant appears to have lost the wildtype cell ability to respond to a decrease of oxygen concentration in the growth medium by a decrease of cytochrome concentration in the cell. ATP synthesis rate in mutant cells in both the prestationary and stationary phase of growth appeared increased in comparison to wild-type cells, as too was respiration rate. A comparative study of mitochondria extracted from wild-type and from TTR1 mutant cells showed an increase in respiration rate, an increase in ATP synthesis rate, and an increase in TPP+ uptake in mutant mitochondria. The specific ATPase activity, as well as its sensitivity to TET, appears to be similar for mitochondria extracted from both strains. It was proposed that the modification of mitochondrial biogenesis in the TTR1 mutant may be due to a response of the cell to an increase in ATP hydrolysis caused by the mutation. It is also possible that the modification in cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulation which appeared to occur in this mutant affects protein(s) involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313079
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosome location of a family of genes encoding different acidic ribosomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 535-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Chromosome mapping ; Acidic ribosomal proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary DNA probes from the genes encoding the acidic ribosomal proteins L44, L44′ and L45, as well as from reporter genes for chromosomes IV, VII, XII and XV, have been hybridised to Southern blots of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA resolved by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The protein L44′ and protein L45 genes have been found to hybridise to chromosome IV, identified by the CAT1 gene probe, while the protein L44 probe hybridises with a band containing chromosomes VII and XV, identified by the ATPase 1 and HIS3 genes respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313084
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast ribosomal proteins: XI. Molecular analysis of two genes encoding YL41, an extremely small and basic ribosomal protein, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Sequence analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two genes encoding ribosomal protein YL41 were cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomal DNA. Both genes contain an uniterrupted region of only 75 nucleotides coding for a protein of 3.3 kD. Within the coding regions the nucleotide sequences are virtually identical, whereas in both the 5′-and 3′-flanking regions the two genes differ significantly from each other. The deduced protein shows an arginine and lysine content of 68 percent, i.e., 17 out of 25 residues, and the basic residues are evenly distributed over the molecule. When compared to the ribosomal protein sequences currently available no counterpart to YL41 could be found in prokaryotes and it seems likely that YL41 is a eukaryotespecific ribosomal protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312608
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The DNA-binding protein RAP1 is required for efficient transcriptional activation of the yeast PYK glycolytic gene (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 405-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Trans-acting Factor ; RAP1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We show by deletion mutagenesis, followed by in vivo and in vitro analysis, that the binding of a protein factor to the upstream activation sequence (USA) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycolytic gene PYK, encoding pyruvate kinase, is required for efficient transcription of the corresponding coding region. In addition, gel electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I protection studies, involving yeast gene products expressed in E. coli, suggest that this trans-acting DNA-binding protein is encoding by the RAP1 gene. The identification of RAP1 binding sites located within the UAS element of the yeast PYK, PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) and ENO1 (enolase) genes, and in the 5′-upstream region of the ADHI (alcohol dehydrogenase) gene, suggests that a mechanism of coordinate gene expression involving several of the glycolytic genes may exist in yeast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309909
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ty virus-like particles in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain NCYC74 (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Ty elements ; Virus like particles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic analysis of thin sections of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC74 has revealed the presence of many clumped cytoplasmic particles that morphologically resemble Ty element virus-like particles (VLPs). Accumulation of Ty VLPs has only previously been observed in S. cerevisiae strains that over-express a cloned Ty element. The particles in NCYC74 co-purify with Ty RNA, Ty-specific antigens and a reverse transcriptase activity. Furthermore, they appear to be recognised by antibodies to Ty VLPs during indirect immunofluorescence experiments. These observations provide compelling evidence that the cytoplasmic particle in NCYC74 are indeed Ty VLPs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327018
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of interchromosomal mitotic recombination (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Recombination ; DNA repair ; UV irradiation ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A novel synthetic locus is described that provides a simple assay system for characterizing mitotic recombinants. The locus consists of the TRP1 and HIS3 genes inserted into chromosome III of S. cerevisiae between the CRY1 and MAT loci. Defined trp1 and his3 alleles have been generated that allow the selection of interchromosomal recombinants in this interval. Trp+ or His+ recombinants can be divided into several classes based on coupling of the other alleles in the interval. The tight linkage of the CRY1 and MAT loci, combined with the drug resistance and cell type phenotypes that they respectively control, facilitates the classification of the recombinants without resorting to tetrad dissection. We present the distribution of spontaneous recombinants among the classes defined by this analysis. The data suggest that the recombination intermediate can have regions of symmetric strand exchange and that co-conversion tracts can extend over 1–3 kb. Continuous conversion tracts are favored over discontinuous tracts. The distribution among the classes defined by this analysis is altered in recombinants induced by UV irradiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321112
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two group I mitochondrial introns in the cob-box and coxI genes require the same MRS1/PET157 nuclear gene product for splicing (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Mitochondrial RNA splicing ; Nuclear pet - mutant ; Group I introns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have studied the role of the product of the nuclear gene PET157 in mitochondrial pre-mRNA splicing. Cytoduction experiments show that a mitochondrial genome deleted for the three introns bI3, aI5 and aI6 is able to suppress the pet157-1 mutation: the strain recovers respiratory competency indicating that the product of the PET157 gene is only required for mitochondrial premRNA splicing. Characterization of the high molecular weight pre-mRNAs which accumulate in the pet157 mutant demonstrate that the product of the PET157 gene is required for the excision of two group I introns bI3 and aI6 (corresponding to aI5β) located in the cob-box and coxI genes respectively. Furthermore, the pet157 mutant strain accumulates the bI3 maturase in the form of a polypeptide of 50K (p50) previously observed in mitochondrial mutants defective in the excision of bI3. We have shown by restriction analysis and allelism tests that the pet157-1 mutation is allelic to the nuclear mrs1 mutation, previously described as specifically blocking the excision of bI3. Finally, revertants obtained by the deletion of bI3 or aI6 from the mitochondrial DNA were isolated from the MRS1 disrupted allele, confirming the involvment of the product of the MRS1/PET157 gene in the excision of the two introns bI3 and aI6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312599
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistance to cadmium is under the control of the CAD2 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): S. cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Cadmium resistance ; CAD2 gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A cadmium-resistant strain, X3382-3A, which is able to grow in a medium containing 0.2 mM cadmium sulfate, was picked out from our laboratory stock strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cadmium resistance of this strain is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene, denoted as CAD2. The locus of CAD2 was mapped by gene linkage to a site 15.5 centimorgans to the right of the his7 locus on the right arm of chromosome II. The cadmium resistance of the strain carrying CAD2 was evaluated for its properties of cadmium uptake, cadmium distribution and cadmium-metallothionein formation, in comparison with those of some other strains. The results suggest that the novel type of cadmium resistance controlled by CAD2 does not involve production of a cadmiumm-metallothionein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318377
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of hap mutations on heme and cytochrome formation in yeast (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Heme ; Cytochromes ; Regulation ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Simultaneous effects of mutations in the transcriptional regulatory genes, HAP1, HAP2 and HAP3, on all respiratory cytochromes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were determined. Cytochrome behavior in hap mutants and in cyc4 and rhm1 mutants, altered in regulation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, was compared. Although hap mutants were isolated as trans-acting, transcriptional regulators of the CYC1 (iso-1-cytochrome c) gene, each mutant exhibits partial deficiencies in all cytochrome types. In hap2 and hap3 strains all cytochromes were decreased proportionally to about 40–50% of wild type values. In contrast, hap1 caused a decrease in all cytochromes and an accumulation of a pigment, probably Zn porphyrin. Apparently apocytochrome and heme biosynthesis retain coordination in hap2 and hap3, but not in hap1, mutants. Unlike cyc4 and rhm1 mutants, hap mutants do not exhibit 5-aminolevulinate-dependent restoration of cytochromes. The hap1 mutant grew at nearnormal rates on glycerol, whereas hap2 and hap3 mutants grew very slowly. The frequency of [rho-] was high (16–18%) in hap2 and hap3 strains. Results are consistent with generalized control of mitochondrial replication directed by the HAP1-HAP2 system and heme-directed control of formation of all apocytochromes mediated by HAP1. Neither system exerts all-or-nothing control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312865
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of DNA replication on mutation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC8 gene (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; DNA replication ; Effect on mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Incubation in YPD medium under permissive conditions when DNA replication is going on, strongly stimulates the induction of cdc+ colonies of UV-irradiated cells of yeast strains HB23 (cdc8-1/cdc8-3), HB26 (cdc8-3/cdc8-3) and HB7 (cdc8-1/cdc8-1). Inhibition of DNA replication by hydroxyurea, araCMP, cycloheximide or caffeine or else by incubation in phosphate buffer pH 7.0, abolishes this stimulation. Thus the replication of DNA is strongly correlated with the high induction of cdc+ colonies by UV irradiation. It is postulated that these UV-induced cdc+ colonies arise as the result infidelity in DNA replication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314872
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has two, functional, signal recognition particle 7S RNA genes (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yarrowia lipolytica ; 7SL RNA ; Essential genes ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cells containing a deletion of either the SCR1 or SCR2 genes, which code for the 7SL RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) homologue, were found to be viable. Two independent approaches demonstrated that cells containing deletions of both genes were inviale. Therefore, Yarrowia lipolytica contains two (and only two) functional 7SL RNA genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314874
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The RAD50 gene, a member of the double strand break repair epistasis group, is not required for spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Mitotic recombination ; Hyper-recombination ; RAD50 ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mutations in the RAD50 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to reduce double strand break repair, meiotic recombination, and radiation-inducible mitotic recombination. Several different point mutations (including ochre and amber alleles) have been previously examined for effects on spontaneous mitotic recombination and did not reduce the frequency of recombination. Instead, the rad50 mutations conferred a moderate hyper-rec phenotype. This paper examines a deletion/interruption allele of RAD50 that removes 998 of 1312 amino acids and adds 1.1 kb of foreign DNA. The results clearly indicate that spontaneous mitotic recombination can occur in the absence of RAD50; in fact, the frequency of recombination is elevated over the wild-type cell. One possible interpretation of these observations is that the initiating lesion in spontaneous recombination events in mitosis might not be a double strand break.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312598
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flow cytometry as a tool to discriminate respiratory-competent and respiratory-deficient yeast cells (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 265-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Flow cytometry ; Rhodamine 123 ; Respiratory chain ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The cationic lipophilic dye Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) is selectively enriched in mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner. Application of drugs which interfere with the electron flow of the respiratory chain lead to a severe reduction of mitochondrial dye uptake. In this communication we show that the same effect is observed after Rh123-staining of respiratory-deficient yeast mutants. Based on this observation we used flow cytometry to discriminate respiratory-compentent and respiratory-deficient yeast cells. Combined with a cell sorter we were able to selectively enrich respiring and non-respiring yeast cells, repectively, from a mixture of cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318391
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the gene encoding subunit II of yeast QH2: Cytochrome c oxidoreductase is regulated by multiple factors (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; QH2: cytochrome c oxidoreductase ; Mitochondrial biogenesis ; Transcription
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In Saccharmmyces cerevisiae, the COR2 gene codes for the 40 kDa subunit II of the QH2: cytochrome c oxidoreductase, an enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Regions in the 5′ flank of this gene important for regulated expression were identified by assaying β-galactosidase activities in cells carrying different COR2-lacZ fusion genes. Sequences downstream of position-201 relative to the translational initiation codon are sufficient to confer regulation by carbon source, whereas sequences downstream of position-153 do not give rise to significant expression. A binding site for the abundant general transcription factor GFI is present in the region between-201 and-153 just upstream from sequences which resemble the consensus DNA recognition sequence of the regulatory protein complex HAP2/HAP3: 5′-TNATTGGT-3′. By quantitating RNA levels and assaying β-galactosidase activities we show that synthesis of COR2, which is not a hemoprotein, is regulated by HAP1, HAP2/HAP3 and heme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313072
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and genetic study of Triethyltin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Mutant ; Triethyltin chloride ; Protein phosphorylation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Three mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to triethyltin (an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase) on non-fermentative media, and non-resistant to this drug on fermentative media, were isolated and named TTR1, TTR2 and TTR3. Apart from triethyltin resistance, these mutants show the following common characteristics: (1) Increased intracellular cytochrome c concentration. (2) Increased respiration rate. (3) Decreased growth yield. (4) Increased growth sensitivity to several drugs inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation: namely, CCCP (permeabilizing inner mitochondrial membrane to protons), valinomycin (permeabilizing inner mitochondrial membrane to potassium) and oligomycin (inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase). (5) Increased sensitivity to carbon source starvation. For each mutant, these characteristics appeared to be due to a single pleiotropic nuclear mutation. Mutation TTR1 causes additional phenotypic characteristics which do not appear in mutants TTR2 and TTR3: (1) Pinkish coloration of colonies which is more pronounced after a long growth period. (2) Inability of the cells to store glycogen. (3) Growth defect of the cells on a galactose-containing medium. (4) Inability of a diploid homozygote mutant strain to sporulate. All these phenotypic characteristics have already been described in yeast mutants deregulated in cAMP-dependant protein phosphorylation. Crossing of a strain bearing the TTR1 mutation with a strain mutated in the adenylate cyclase structural gene suggested that the TTR1 phenotype is due to a modification in regulation of cAPK by cAMP, making cell multiplication possible without intracellular cAMP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313073
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of a respiratory-deficient mutant of Pachysolen tannophilus (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 493-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Mitochondria ; Yeast ; Petites
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A pleiotropic, respiration-deficient mutant was isolated from the petite negative yeast Pachysolen tannophilus after UV mutagenesis. The mutant is unable to utilize xylose, arabinose, galactose or glycerol, and shows no detectable respiration when grown on glucose. Cytochrome c oxidase, xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are lacking. Mitochondrial ultrastructre is altered. The results support the hypothesis that functioning mitochondria are necessary for xylose utilization in this organism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313077
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blockage to exonuclease III digestion in the chromatin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae maps to the in vitro — determined binding site of a trans-acting regulatory factor (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Ty2 ; Protein/DNA binding ; Transcription
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A series of transposable element-induced mutations at the HIS4 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been attributed to the transposition of a Ty element into the 5′ regulatory region of this gene. Various Ty-containing His+ revertants have been isolated and the HIS4/Ty junction region sequenced. The only difference found in this region between a His- and a weak His+ strain was a single point mutation, an A→G transition. The position of Ty remained unaltered. Examination of lacZ fusion plasmids further implicated this A→G transition as being reponsible for the altered phenotype, the bp transition representing an allele of a cis-acting regulatory element. Subsequent gel retardation and methylation interference experiments revealed that this A→G mutation enabled the binding of a trans-acting factor (TyBf) in vitro. In this paper we show that the TyBf binding site is in a region of chromatin hypersensitive to digestion by DNase I. The binding site is protected in vivo from digestion with exonuclease III, suggesting the presence of a bound protein in His+ (“on”) but not His- (“off”) Ty-containing strains. We propose that a trans-acting factor binding in vivo, presumably TyBf, is responsible for the activation of HIS4 expression in these insertion mutants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321110
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yeast SCO1 protein is required for a post-translational step in the accumulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Mitochondria ; Cytochrome c oxidase ; Post-translational regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Biogenesis of functional cytochrome c oxidase in yeast requires the product of the nuclear gene SCO1. Strains deleted for this gene fail to accumulate the mitochondrially-synthesized cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II, despite the presence of the respective mRNAs. Here we present data which demonstrate that the observed phenotype does not result from a failure to translate the mRNAs, but from a preferential degradation of the newly synthesized subunits. The SCO1 protein is therefore involved in a post-translational step in the accumulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II. We propose that the SCO1 protein is required for the correct assembly of both subunits into the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321109
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine in high-purity aluminium (1990)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 101 (1990), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Schlagwort(e): aluminium analysis ; phosphorus ; sulfur ; chlorine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Multi-step procedures for the determination of phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine are described and tested against established methods and on reference materials. Phosphorus is separated as hydrogen phosphide, extracted as phosphomolybdic acid, reduced to molydenum blue and measured photometrically (detection limit 0.05 μg/g). Sulfur is separated after reduction as hydrogen sulfide or by means of pyrohydrolysis and measured by ICP-OES (detection limit 0.1 μg/g). Chloride can be measured by ion chromatography after pyrohydrolytic separation (detection limit 0.1 μg/g). The determination of sulfur was also successfully tested on copper and steel samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244179
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Share of agriculture in nitrogen and phosphorus emissions into the surface waters of Western Europe against the background of their eutrophication (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sulphur ; nutrient balances ; surface waters ; North Sea ; Baltic Sea ; eutrophication ; hypertrophication ; primary production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, their relationship to each other (DIN/DIP) as predisposing (nutrient) factors, as well as prevailing weather as a triggering factor all work together to induce the primary production and hence the eutrophication (hypertrophication) process in surface waters. Sulfate likewise is a decisive predisposing factor influencing the eutrophication process by reducing N availability but increasing P availability and thus acting towards an N limitation of the primary production. This is one of the reasons why marine (coastal) waters and estuaries often exhibit N limitation with respect to primary production, while freshwater ecosystems often tend to exhibit P limitation. Within the N and P balance of agriculture of some countries of Western Europe (Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, FRG, UK and Sweden for N, resp. Netherlands, FRG and GDR for P) more the level than the efficiency of the N and P applications indicates the extent of the nutrient surplus. Despite 59–73% N utilization in plant production, the rate of 13–23% for agriculture as a whole equals to the 12–21% efficiency of N use in animal production. The varying N surplus in agriculture in the separate countries of 124 to 465 kg N ha−1 a−1 is determined almost exclusively by the level of the N application and not by its efficiency. The situation is similar for P: In spite of P utilization in plant production of 59–76%, P utilization in total agriculture is only 11–38%, or comparable to the P efficiency within animal production of 10–34%. The differing P excess balance of 55 to 88 kg P2O5 ha−1 a−1 is influenced by the level of the P application. The N and P efficacy of total agriculture hence is determined almost completely by that of animal production, since 83–95% (N basis) and 76–94% (P basis) of the total plant production (on top of the nationally varying levels of N and P use via imported feeds) are fed to animals — with the low N and P utilization cited above. Agriculture's share of the N and P emissions into surface water of several countries/regions in Western Europe (FRG, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland, Norway) ranges from 37 to 82% resp. 27 to 38%. Its share in the flus into the North Sea catchment basin will be about 60% for N and 25% for P related only to the anthropogenic material carried by the rivers. Agriculture's share in the atmospheric N emissions into the North and Baltic Seas can be estimated at about 65% or 55%, resp. while the remaining approx. 35% or 45%, resp. are traceable primarily to anthropogenic burning processes. For agriculture the priority lies in limiting N emissions into surface water caused by leaching, erosion and NH3 emissions, and reducing P emissions mainly through soil conservation (protection against erosion) and water protection. As regards N this means a demand for comprehensive protection of groundwater and atmosphere differentiated according to the potential for losses or the risk of losses on a site, also outside the protection zones. As regards P only those areas can be included in the demand for reduction of emissions that are actually threatened by erosion or surface runoff. Plenty of short-term and long-term measures are available to agriculture to reduce N and P emissions. Especially the long-range measures (such as creating nutrient balances on farms and fields, the integration of animal and plant production, maintaining maximum livestock densities according to the ability of areas to absorb nutrients, altered feeding programs in animal nutrition, changes in livestock keeping (slurry→deep litter), increasing the internal and external recycling of N and P) are capable of bringing about a satisfactory degree of success within the next 20 to 30 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048764
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of level of nitrogen nutrition upon mineral content and removal in grasses and wheat (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Grass ; wheat ; nitrogen nutrition ; dilution curve ; mineral content ; mineral removal ; phosphorus ; potassium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The important effect of nitrogen in changing the patterns of mineral content and mineral removal is analysed for grass swards and wheat. Different models are proposed; accumulated dry matter developed throughout a growing period is shown to be an excellent reference for assessing the evolution of the plant mineral content and the mineral removal the growing crop. Applications in diagnosing mineral nutrition status and optimising fertilizer use are proposed and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048760
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serologic aspects on yeast classification (1974)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 53 (1974), S. 77-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Serologic aspect ; Yeast ; Classification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02127199
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The poison gland of the antMyrmicaria eumenoides and its role in recruitment communication (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 3-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): alarm recruitment ; evaporation kinetics ; age polyethism ; (+)—limonene ; alkaloid ; hexanoic nitrile ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Myrmicinae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The antMyrmicaria eumenoides is a significant arthropod predator. For rapid attraction of large numbers of nestmates to newly discovered food sources the ants use an efficient recruitment communication system based on the poison gland secretion. Workers exhibit age-based division of labour. Young workers perform brood-care; their poison gland reservoir develops and reaches its final size of ≈ 0.5 µl at an age of ≥ 6 weeks, when they become foragers. The secretion deposited during combat with enemies or prey is composed of equal amounts of both a high volatile and a low volatile fraction. Within the high volatile fraction (+)—limonene is the main component (97%) and is the only olfactory trigger to alert ants in the vicinity and to recruit them to places of combat, where they assemble. Ants respond to synthetic (+)—limonene in exactly the same way as to the poison gland secretion when applied at the same airborne concentrations. Further components of the high volatile fraction are four additional monoterpene hydrocarbons and hexanoic nitrile. The high volatile and the low volatile fraction of the poison gland secretion each have dual functions: The low volatiles, of which the main component is an alkaloid, serve as a fixative and extend the effective period of the limonene signal by modifying its evaporation kinetics. On the other hand the high volatile recruitment signal (+)—limonene is also the solvent for the alkaloid and enhances its spreading on the surface of the cuticle of arthropod enemies or prey.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240580
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical defence in chewing and sucking insect herbivores: Plant-derived cardenolides in the monarch butterfly and oleander aphid (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 12-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): chemical defence ; comparative sequestration ; feeding guilds ; insect herbivory ; natural enemies ; cardenolides ; Lepidoptera ; Danainae ; Danaus plexippus (L.) ; Homoptera ; Aphidae ; Aphis nerii B. de F. ; Asclepiadaceae ; Asclepias curassavica L
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cardenolide sequestration by a hemimetabolous aphid and a holometabolous butterfly from the neotropical milkweed,Asclepias curassavica L., is compared. The oleander aphid,Aphis nerii B. de F., sequestered a similarly narrow range of cardenolide concentrations to the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus (L.), from the wide range of concentrations available in leaves of A.curassavica. However, A.nerii sequestered significantly less cardenolide (269 µg/0.1 g) thanD. plexippus (528 µg/0.1 g). The honeydew excreted by A.nerii was comprised of 46% cardenolide. The complete polarity range of 25 cardenolides detected by thin layer chromatography in A.curassavica was represented in the 17 whole aphid cardenolides and the 20 aphid honeydew cardenolides detected. D.plexippus sequestered a narrower polarity range of 11 cardenolides, having eliminated low polarity cardenolide genins and glycosides. It is suggested that these chemical differences may be related to interactions among the broad feeding tactics of sucking or chewing milkweed leaves, life history constraints of holometabolyversus hemimetaboly, the distribution of milkweed food resources in space and time, and the dynamics of natural enemies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240581
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Ithomiinae: A comparative study between species feeding on Apocynaceae and Solanaceae (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): variation of secondary substances ; pharmacophagy ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; Lepidoptera ; Ithomiinae ; Aeria olena ; Tithorea harmonia ; Mechanitis polymnia ; Apocynaceae-Echitoideae ; Solanaceae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The primitive, Apocynaceae-feeding Ithomiine,Tithorea harmonia, incorporates dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from its larval foodplant (Prestonia acutifolia), rarely visiting PA sources pharmacophagously in the adult; females show higher concentrations of PAs than males, with similar variance. The close relativeAeria olena (feeding onP. coalita, without PAs) shows similar PA concentrations in both sexes and greater variation in males, like more advanced Solanaceae-feeding Ithomiine such asMechanitis polymnia, which likeA. olena obtain PAs by pharmacophagy in the adult (mainly males). This difference is due to the dynamics of PA incorporation in these species. Little variation in PA content was found among allopatric populations of the same species, but variation in available PA sources in different months was correlated with different average storage levels in the butterflies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240582
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Systemic retention of ingested cantharidin by frogs (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): toxin sequestration ; predation ; human dietary hazard ; cantharidin ; Coleoptera ; Meloidae ; Epicauta vittata ; Rana ; Hirudo ; Nerodia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Frogs(Rana pipiens) fed on blister beetles (Meloidae) or cantharidin, retain cantharidin systemically. After cessation of feeding, they void the compound relatively quickly. Systemic cantharidin does not protect frogs against ectoparasitic feeding by leeches(Hirudo medicinalis) or predation by snakes(Nerodia sipedon). As suggested by our data, and from reports in the early literature, ingestion of cantharidin-containing frogs can pose a health threat to humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01325229
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolutionary strategies of chemical defense in aposematic butterflies: Cyanogenesis in Asteraceae-feeding American Acraeinae (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): chemical defense ; mimicry ; evolutionary strategies ; hostplants ; cyanogenesis ; linamarin ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; Lepidoptera ; Acraeinae ; Asteraceae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary American Acraeinae butterflies often ingest large amounts of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their Asteraceae hostplants in both larval and adult stages, but do not normally store these compounds for defence, instead biosynthesizing large amounts of the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin in all stages. This defence syndrome (rejection of plant toxins andde novo synthesis of protective chemicals) is considered to be the most evolved among aposematic (unpalatable mimicry-model) butterflies, as are the Acraeinae and Heliconiini which also synthesize cyanogens. Storage or minimal processing of larval hostplant-derived defensive chemicals is widespread and characterizes the most primitive model groups; an intermediate series (Danainae/Ithomiinae) also obtains the principal defensive chemicals (PAs) from plants, but mostly in the adult stage. These syndromes are discussed and contrasted with the pattern seen in Chrysomelidae beetles, wherede novo synthesis is widespread and considered primitive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01325228
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxicity of nonhost phototoxins to parsnip webworms(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): phototoxicity ; harmane ; harmine ; harmalol ; alpha-terthienyl ; skimmianine ; Lepidoptera ; Oecophoridae ; Depressaria pastinacella ; parsnip webworm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The parsnip webworm,Depressaria pastinacella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), feeds exclusively on apiaceous hostplants containing furanocoumarins, compounds capable of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independend photosensitization. Despite high titers of antioxidant enzymes relative to other herbivorous insects, webworms cannot tolerate nonhost photosensitizers such as alpha-terthienyl or beta-carboline alkaloids at dietary concentrations of 0.01% or less. Tolerance of skimmianine, a furano-quinoline alkaloid, may be due to its structural resemblance to furanocoumarins, which are metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in this species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241647
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): green leaf volatile ; semiochemical ; synomone ; volatile attractant ; tritrophic ; host location ; parasitoid behavior ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis ; Ichneumonidae ; Netelia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Undamaged plants emit low levels of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), while caterpillar-damaged and artificially damaged plants emit relatively higher levels of certain GLVs. Female braconid parasitoids,Microplitis croceipes, oriented to both damaged plants and to individual GLVs in no-choice tests in a wind tunnel, but seldom oriented to undamaged plants. Female ichneumonid parasitoids,Netelia heroica, also oriented to individual GLVs in a wind tunnel. Males of both wasp species failed to orient to the GLVs. These data show that leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause the release of GLVs, and that parasitic wasps can respond to these odors by flying upwind (chemoanemotactic response), which brings the wasps to their caterpillar hosts. This supports the hypothesis that plants communicate with members of the third trophic level,i.e., plants under herbivore attack emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies of herbivores to sites of plant damage. In this interaction, the GLVs serve as tritrophic plant-to-parasitoid synomones. That parasitoids from two different wasp families oriented to GLVs suggests that the response may be widespread among the Hymenoptera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01325231
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of three mouse species to deterrent chemicals in the monarch butterfly. I. Taste and toxicity tests using artificial diets laced with digitoxin or monocrotaline (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 114-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): taste aversion ; toxicology ; chemical defense ; cardiac glycoside ; cardenolides ; digitoxin ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; monocrotaline ; Mammalia ; Muridae ; Peromyscus ; Reithrodontomys ; Lepidoptera ; Danainae ; Danaus plexippus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Of three common mouse species at the Mexican overwintering sites of the monarch butterfly, onlyPeromyscus melanotis eats monarchs. We hypothesized thatP. aztecus andReithrodontomys sumichrasti reject monarchs because they are more sensitive to the bitter taste and/or toxic effects of the cardiac glycosides (CGs) and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in the butterflies. Two-choice preference tests revealed no difference in taste avoidance thresholds to free base and N-oxide forms of the PA, monocrotaline, but very different avoidance thresholds to the CG, digitoxin. Avoidance thresholds forR. sumichrasti andP. aztecus were, in respective order, 1020 and 34 times less than that forP. melanotis. We also tested the toxic sensitivity of juvenile mice by chronically feeding diets containing digitoxin or monocrotaline at concentrations similar to those used in the preference tests. No species developed CG toxicity, but bothP. melanotis andP. aztecus developed moderate PA toxicity (R. sumichrasti was not tested for PA toxicity).P. aztecus grew more slowly and manyP. melanotis had hepatic metabolic lesions. Thus, the three mouse species responded very differently to the taste and toxic properties of CGs and PAs at ecologically relevant concentrations: 1) CGs were taste rejected by all species exceptP. melanotis, while PAs were not; and 2) PAs were toxic, while CGs were not.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241652
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aggregation pheromone ofCarpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): A blend of conjugated triene and tetraene hydrocarbons (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): pheromone ; attractant ; triene ; tetraene ; hydrocarbon ; Insecta ; Coleoptera ; Nitidulidae ; Carpophilus freemani
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Males ofCarpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) produce an aggregation pheromone to which both sexes fly in a wind-tunnel bioassay. The major pheromone component (ca. 30 ng per male per day in volatile collections) was identified as (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. A minor component, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, was 3–10% as abundant as the major triene and was 5–20% as active when compared at relative doses ranging from natural proportions to 1:1. These compounds act synergistically: a mixture of major and minor components in natural proportions attracted more than twice as many beetles as the major component alone, and the mixture fully accounted for the activity of male-derived volatile collections. Six other male-derived conjugated hydrocarbons, ranging from 2% down to 0.04% as abundant as the major component, were also identified. These are (in order of decreasing bioassay activity when compared on an equal-weight basis): (3E,5E,7E)-6-ethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7-decatriene, (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-me-thyl-2,4,6-octatriene, (3E,5E,7E,9E)-8-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-3, 5,7,9-dodecatetraene, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6, 8-undecatetraene, (3E,5E,7E)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-3,5,7-undecatriene, and (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. All structure identifications were confirmed by synthesis. In the wind tunnel, the pheromone acted synergistically with “host”-type volatiles such as propyl acetate, valeric acid, and ethanol. This concept was verified by fields tests in California, in which there was dramatic synergism between the pheromone and fermenting host materials. Pheromone biosynthesis is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241651
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of three mouse species to deterrent chemicals in the monarch butterfly. II. Taste tests using intact monarchs (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 124-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): taste aversion ; chemical defense ; predatory attack patterns ; insectivory ; cardiac glycosides ; cardenolides ; Mammalia ; Muridae ; Peromyscus ; Reithrodontomys ; Lepidoptera ; Danainae ; Danaus plexippus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Peromyscus melanotis is the only one of three mouse species that eats monarch butterflies at their overwintering sites in Mexico. I tested two hypotheses: 1)P. aztecus avoids monarchs because of a bitter taste aversion to cardiac glycosides (CGs) and an inability to reject CG-rich body parts; 2)Reithrodontomys sumichrasti avoids monarchs principally because of a bitter taste aversion to the CGs. None of the species are sensitive to the toxic effects of ingested CGs. Feeding responses of laboratory-reared mice of each species to monarchs with low, medium and high CG concentrations were compared. BothP. aztecus andR. sumichrasti ate significantly fewer of all three types of monarchs thanP. melanotis. ForP. aztecus andR. sumichrasti, the number of monarchs eaten decreased with increasing CG concentration, whereas forP. melanotis, the number remained constant.Peromyscus melanotis andR. sumichrasti developed a feeding technique for rejecting the CG-laden cuticular material, which reduced the bitterness of ingested monarch material. However,R. sumichrasti displayed the technique significantly less often thanP. melanotis; andP. aztecus never developed it. I conclude that high taste sensitivity to CGs and less versatile food handling preventP. aztecus andR. sumichrasti from overcoming the monarch's chemical defenses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241653
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Secretion-grooming in aquatic beetles (Hydradephaga): A chemical protection against contamination of the hydrofuge respiratory region (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): secretion-grooming ; pygidial glands ; chemical defence against microorganisms ; respiration ; aquatic beetles ; Coleoptera ; Hydradephaga ; Gyrinidae ; Haliplidae ; Noteridae ; Hygrobiidae ; Dytiscidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary All Hydradephaga investigated so far crawl onto land when exposed to an increase in water temperature and light intensity and spread the secretion from their pygidial glands over the body surface (“secretion-grooming”). The secretions have antimicrobial properties and are mainly applied to hydrofuge body regions important for aquatic respiration. Experimental prevention of secretion-grooming leads to the loss of the respiratory air bubble and a significant increase in mortality. These findings support the view that the secretion-grooming of adephagous aquatic beetles, like in some aquatic Heteroptera, inhibits the growth of microor-ganisms, thus preventing the contamination and wetting of the cuticular respiratory structures. Thus it keeps functional the air-retaining hydrophobous body regions essential for aquatic respiration. A model is presented on how secretion-grooming may have evolved in the Hydradephaga. Other possible functions of the pygidial gland secretions are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241654
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilisation d'un microdébitmètre à haute résolution pour les mesures de turbulence par avion (1990)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 132 (1990), S. 457-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Schlagwort(e): Turbulence ; mesures aéroportées ; fluctuation de pression ; presso-corrélations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Résumé Nous avons décrit dansBardeau et al. (1987), la réalisation, le fonctionnement et les tests d'un microdébitmètre basé sur l'anémométrie à fil chaud. Il a été particulièrement montré que cet appareil était bien adapté aux mesures de pression et pression différentielle avec une grande sensibilité et une très faible constante de temps. Nous présentons ici les applications qui ont été faites de ce capteur aux mesures à haute résolution à bord d'avions instrumentés pour la recherche atmosphérique. L'avion utilisé était spécialement équipé pour les mesures de turbulence et permettait donc l'acquisition d'un grand nombre de paramètres indispensables à l'analyse des données de ce capteur. Dans les applications aéronautiques qui ont été faites, le capteur a surtout été utilisé en tant que variomètre. Les comparaisons avec les mesures standards d'altitude par pression et couplages pression-données inertielles montrent que cet instrument pourrait apporter une contribution intéressante dans le domaine de la mesure à haute fréquence des fluctuations de pression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876923
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    E-myrcenol inIps duplicatus: An aggregation pheromone component new for bark beetles (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 1209-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone ; E-myrcenol ; ipsdienol ; Ips duplicatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Picea abies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Males of the Eurasian bark beetleIps duplicatus, when feeding in host Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), produced and released ipsdienol andE-myrcenol, which we show to be aggregation pheromone components. Bioassays using walking beetles indicated thatE-myrcenol in synergistic combination with ipsdienol is essential for attraction. Synergism ofE-myrcenol and ipsdienol released at natural rates in the forest was also demonstrated with a new technique using mechanical slow-rotation of sticky traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01936939
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experiments inducing prospective polar body nuclei to participate in embryogenesis of the sawfly Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera) (1990)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1990), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Athalia rosae ; Hymenoptera ; Thelytoky ; Automixis ; Gynandromorph
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mature eggs dissected from ovaries of unmated females of Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), if placed on a filter-paper soaked with distilled water, are activated and develop to haploid males. Occasionally, however, diploid females develop from these artificially activated eggs. Treatment of mature unfertilized eggs dissected from diploid females with ice-cold temperatures immediately before activation and with a high temperature (36° C) upon and immediately after activation resulted in the production of diploid males, diploid females, triploid females and gynandromorphs at high frequency. The same treatment of mature unfertilized eggs dissected from triploid females resulted in the production of only triploid survivors. These results, together with the results on the segregation of a marker mutation, yellow fatbody (yfb), appear to indicate that meiotic divisions were complete in the treated eggs, and that all four nuclei became potentially capable of participating in development with or without automictic fusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376157
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of a monoene and a conjugated diene sex pheromone component of the lightbrown apple moth by Δ11 desaturation (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; biosynthesis ; Lepidoptera ; Epiphyas postvittana ; deuterium-labelling ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fatty acyl moieties present in the female sex pheromone gland of the lightbrown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana, include the analogues of the two sex pheromone components, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate. Application of deuterium-labelled fatty acids followed by analysis by gas chromatographymass spectrometry showed that biosynthesis of the two pheromone components involved initial Δ11-desaturation of myristic and palmitic acids respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951762
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The selective effects of herbicides upon the growth of yeast cultures (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Herbicides ; Yeast ; Selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In haploid and diploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the herbicides paraquat and dinoseb preferentially inhibit the growth of respiration-sufficient cells, capable of aerobic respiration whereas mecoprop inhibits the growth of respiration-dependent cells, capable of glycolysis only. In mixed cultures of respiration-sufficient and-dependent cells growth in the presence of paraquat results in the replacement of a majority of respiration-sufficient cells by a majority of respiration-dependent cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425293
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytology of budding in Mucor rouxii: Wall ontogeny (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Abscission ; Budding ; Cytology ; Septation ; Mucor ; Ontogeny ; Wall ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The budding process of the yeast form of Mucor rouxii was examined by electron microscopy of thin sections with particular reference to wall ontogeny. In most instances the bud wall is seen as a continuation of the inner layers of the parent cell wall. As the bud emerges it ruptures the outer layers of the parent wall. The bud wall is much thinner than the parent wall and remains so while the bud grows into a sphere of about one half the diameter of the parent cell. Then a septum begins to form centripetally, at the neck, by invagination of the plasmalemma. Before the neck canal is completely occuluded, electron-dense wall material is deposited into the septum space. Two separate septum walls are deposited, one on the parent side and one on the bud side of the invaginating plasmalemma. Septum wall formation extends to the surrounding neck walls. In this manner, the parent and bud cytoplasms become fully separated and each is surrounded by a continuous wall. The two cells remain attached to each other by the original neck wall; eventually, the bud abscisses leaving a birth scar on the bud cell and a more pronounced bud scar on the parent cell. In general, the mechanism of budding in this zygomycetous fungus resembles that of an ordinary ascomycetous yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403040
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Site of mannan synthesis in yeast (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Mannan Synthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Autoradiography ; Cell Wall ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The combination of high-resolution autoradiography and biochemical methods has been used to ascertain the site of mannan synthesis in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. High-resolution autoradiography has been performed under conditions when addedd-mannose-3H was incorporated exclusively into mannan. Application of “pulse-chase” labelling technique revealed that the radio-active mannose is fixed primarily in the cytoplasmic space from where it is transported into the cell wall. Additional experiments with separated membrane fractions from the same yeast strongly support the hypothesis that the plasmalemma is not directly involved in the biosynthesis of yeast mannan and that the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are the sites where the polymerization of mannosyl units takes place.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696240
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of sporulation by ethidium bromide and its reversal by fermentable sugars inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Sporulation ; ϱ− Mutation ; Ethidium Bromide ; Sugars ; Acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ethidium bromide completely inhibited the sporulation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration which induces respiration-deficient ϱ− mutation by 100%, when added to the sporulation medium. This inhibition was reversed by addition of glucose, mannose or fructose. Other sugars which are fermented less efficiently by the yeast did not reverse the inhibition of sporulation by ethidium bromide. Inhibition of sporulation by acriflavine was also reversed by glucose. However, the inhibition of sporulation by antimycin A and cycloheximide was not reversed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696244
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure ofCandida yeasts grown onn-alkanes (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 181-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Electronmicroscopy ; Microbody ; Peroxisome ; Catalase ; n-Alkane ; Utilizing Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Catalase activities of the cells growing onn-alkanes of various strains ofCandida yeasts wer markedly higher than those of the cells growing on glucose, ethanol or acetate. In connection with this, electron-microscopical studies revealed abundant appearance of specific microbodies having homogeneous matrix surrounded by single unit membrane in the hydrocarbon-growing cells. Localization of catalase activity in the microbodies, in addition to the mitochondria, was confirmed by cytochemical treatment of the cells with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine reagent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696234
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Olfactory interneurons in the brain of the larval sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Chemosensory integration ; Olfaction ; Brain ; Larva ; Caterpillar ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. The physiology and morphology of olfactory interneurons in the brain of larval Manduca sexta were studied using intracellular recording and staining techniques. Antennal olfactory receptors were stimulated with volatile substances from plants and with pure odorants. Neurons responding to the stimuli were investigated further to reveal their response specificities, dose-response characteristics, and morphology. 2. We found no evidence of specific ‘labeled-lines’ among the odor-responsive interneurons, as none responded exclusively to one plant odor or pure odorant; most olfactory interneurons were broadly tuned in their response spectra. This finding is consistent with an ‘across-fiber’ pattern of odor coding. 3. Mechanosensory and olfactory information are integrated at early stages of central processing, appearing in the responses of some local interneurons restricted to the primary olfactory nucleus in the brain, the larval antennal center (LAC). 4. The responses of LAC projection neurons and higher-order protocerebral interneurons to a given odor were more consistent than the responses of LAC local interneurons. 5. The LAC appears to be functionally subdivided, as both local and projection neurons had arborizations in specific parts of the LAC, but none had dendrites throughout the LAC. 6. The mushroom bodies and the lateral protocerebrum contain neurons that respond to olfactory stimulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192566
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of amino acid pools in the vacuolar compartment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Spheroplasts ; Isolation ; Vacuoles-Compartmentation ; Amino Acid Pool
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Intact vacuoles are released from spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of a gentle mechanical disintegration method. They are purified by centrifugation in isotonic density gradients (flotation and subsequent sedimentation), and analyzed for their soluble amino acid content. The results indicate that about 60% of the total amino acid pool of spheroplasts is contained in the vacuoles. This may be an underestimate, as it presupposes no loss of amino acids from the vacuoles during the purification procedure. The amino acid concentration in the vecuoles is calculated to be approximately 5 times that in the cytoplasm if the total volumes of the two compartments are used for the calculation. The vacuolar amino acid pool is rich in basic amino acids, and in citrulline and glutamine, but contains a remarkably small amount of glutamate. Radioactive labeling experiments with spheroplasts indicate that the vacuolar amino acids are separated from the metabolically active pools located in the cytoplasm. This is particularly evident for the basic amino acids and glutamine; in contrast, the neutral amino acids and glutamate appear to exchange more rapidly between the cytoplasmic and the vacuolar compartments of the cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455924
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proliferation and metabolic significance of peroxisomes in Candida boidinii during growth on d-alanine or oleic acid as the sole carbon source (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Candida boidinii ; Yeast ; Peroxisomes ; β-Oxidation ; d-Amino acid oxidase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have studied the induction of peroxisomes in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii by d-alanine and oleic acid. The organism was able to utilize each of these compounds as the sole carbon source and grew with growth rates of μ=0.20 h-1 (on d-alanine) or μ=0.43 h-1 (on oleic acid). Growth was associated with the development of many peroxisomes in the cells. On d-alanine a cluster of tightly interwoven organelles was observed which made up 6.3% of the cytoplasmic volume and were characterized by the presence of d-amino acid oxidase and catalase. On oleic acid rounded to elongated peroxisomes were dominant which were scattered throughout the cytoplasm. These organelles contained increased levels of β-oxidation enzymes; their relative volume fraction amounted 12.8% of the cytoplasmic volume.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248431
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and characterization of a (R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; (R)-2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase ; Stereospecificity ; Gas chromatographic analysis of enantiomers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A NAD-dependent (R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.4), selectively catalyzing the oxidation at the (R)-center of 2,3-butanediol irrespective of the absolute configuration of the other carbinol center, was isolated from cell extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification was achieved by means of streptomycin sulfate treatment, Sephadex G-25 filtration, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, affinity chromatography on Matrex Gel Blue A and Superose 6 prep grade chromatography leading to a 70-fold enrichment of the specific activity with 44% yield. Analysis of chiral products was carried out by gas chromatographic methods via pre-chromatographic derivatization and resolution of corresponding diasteromeric derivatives. The enzyme was capable to reduce irreversibly diacetyl (2,3-butanediol) to (R)-acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) and in a subsequent reaction reversibly to (R,R)-2,3-butanediol using NADH as coenzyme. 1-Hydroxy-2-ketones and C5-acyloins were also accepted as substrates, whereas the enzyme was inactive towards the reduction of acetone and dihydroxyacetone. The relative molecular mass (M r) of the enzyme was estimated as 140 000 by means of gel filtration. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel the protein decomposed into 4 (identical) subunits of M r 35 000. Optimum pH was 6.7 for the reduction of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol and 7.2 for the reverse reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248966
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Lipide von Endomycopsis vernalis bei verschiedener Stickstoff-Ernährung (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 321-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Endomycopsis ; Yeast ; Lipids ; Neutral Lipids ; Phospholipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Endomycopsis vernalis wurde durch verschiedene N-Gaben (1%, 0,125% Asparagin) fettarm (Serie A) und fettreich (Serie B) gezogen. Die Lipide der mit Ultraschall behandelten Zellen wurden extrahiert. Aus fettarmen Zellen wurden 14,3, aus fetreeichen Zellen 65,1% Gesamtlipid, bezogen auf fettfreie Trockensubstanz, erhalten. 2. Neutrallipide und komplexe Lipide wurden durch Gummimembrandialyse getrennt. Der Prozentanteil der komplexen Lipide ist in beiden Serien etwa gleich (3,4, 3,1%). Der Fettreichtum N-arm gezogener Zellen beruht also auf einem erhöhten Gehalt an Neutrallipiden. 3. Bei dünnschichtchromatographischer Auftrennung der Neutrallipide wurden Di- und Triglyceride, freies Ergosterin und Ergosterinester gefunden. Ihre Mengenanteile sind von den Ernährungsbedingungen abhängig. Fettreiche Zellen zeigen vor allem einen erhöhten Gehalt an Triglyceriden und Sterinestern. 4. Die Fettsäuren der Glyceride und der Sterinester wurden als Methylester gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Es wurden gefunden: gesättigte Säuren mit 14, 15, 16, 17 und 18 C-Atomen, die Monoensäuren 16:1 und 18:1, Linol- und Linolensäure. Hauptfettsäuren sind in allen Fällen Ölsäure (17–57%), Linolsäure (18–50%) und Palmitinsäure (10–18%). Die Di- und Triglyceride der fettarmen Zellen unterscheiden sich von den der fettreichen vor allem durch ein stärkeres Hervortreten der Linolensäure. Größere Unterschiede in Art und Menge der Fettsäuren zeigten die Sterinester der Serien A und B. 5. Die komplexen Lipide wurden dünnschichtchromatographisch identifiziert und säulenchromatographisch isoliert. Hauptanteile sind sowohl in Reihe A wie in Reihe B Phosphatidylcholin (36,5, 41,0%) und Phosphatidyläthanolamin (24,9 20,5%). In kleineren Mengen fanden sich Lysophosphatidylcholin, Lysophosphatidyläthanolamin, Phosphatidylserin, Monophosphoinositid, Diphosphatidylglycerin. Cerebrosidähnliche Substanzen werden vermutet. 6. Die Fettsäuren der Phosphatidylcholin- und der Phosphatidyläthanolamin-fraktionen wurden als Methylester gaschromatographisch bestimmt. In allen Fällen fanden sich die Säuren 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, außerdem in Spuren 17:0 und 16.1. Im Gegensatz zu den Neutrallipiden steht die Linolsäure stets an erster Stelle (53–83%), gefolgt von Ölsäure (8–24%) und Linolensäure (1–18%); Palmitinsäure (4–8%) und Stearinsäure (Spur-1%) treten stark zurück. Fettarme Zellen der Serie A unterscheiden sich von fettreichen der Serie B in den beiden näher untersuchten Phosphatidfraktionen vor allem durch einen höheren Anteil an Linolensäure und einen niedrigeren an Linolsäure.
    Notizen: Abstract 1. Endomycopsis vernalis was cultivated on media with different N supply: series A 1%, series B 0,125% asparagine. Sonified cells were extracted and yielded 14.3% (A) and 65.3 (B) total lipids/non lipid dry matter respectively. 2. Neutral and complex lipids were separated by rubber membrane dialysis. There is no difference in the percentage of complex lipids of both series. The increase of lipids in cells grown on low N level is due to a higher content of neutral lipids. 3. Components of the neutral lipids, analysed by DC, were diglycerides, triglycerides, free and esterified ergosterol. Their percentage is influenced by the nutritional conditions. There is a significant increase of triglycerides and of sterol esters in the high lipid cells of series B. 4. Methyl esters of component fatty acids of glycerides and sterol esters were analyzed by GLC. Saturated acids C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, monoenic acids C16 and C18, linoleic and linolenic acids were found to be present. Major acids were in all cases 18:1 (17–57%), 18:2 (18–50%) and 16:0 (10–18%). Linolenic acid is higher in di-and triglycerides of low lipid cells of series A than in high lipid cells of series B. Both qualitative and quantitative differences of fatty acids were found in sterol esters of series A and B respectively. 5. The major components of complex lipids, identified by DC and isolated by CC, in both series, were phosphatidyl choline (A:36.5, B:41.0%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (A:24.9, B:20.5%) in addition to small amounts of lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, monophosphoinositide, diphosphatidyl glycerol and, possibly cerebroside like substances. 6. Methyl esters of the fatty acids of phosphatidyl choline and ethanolamine from both series were determined by GLC. In all samples 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 acids were present besides of traces of 16:1 and 17:0. In contrast to neutral lipids the major acid of phospholipids is linoleic (53–58%), followed by oleic (8–24%) and linolenic acid (1–18%). The percentages of palmitic (4–8%) and stearic acids (tr.-1%) are small. Low lipid cells of series A differ from high lipid cells of series B by an increase of linolenic, and a decrease of linoleic acids, both in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455948
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Killer toxin of Hanseniaspora uvarum (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Killer toxin ; Hanseniaspora uvarum ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum liberates a killer toxin lethal to sensitive strains of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Secretion of this killer toxin was inhibited by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, although the mature killer protein did not show any detectable carbohydrate structures. Culture supernatants of the killer strain were concentrated by ultrafiltration and the extracellular killer toxin was precipitated with ethanol and purified by ion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE of the electrophoretically homogenous killer protein indicated an apparent molecular mass of 18,000. Additional investigations of the primary toxin binding sites within the cell wall of sensitive yeast strains showed that the killer toxin of Hanseniaspora uvarum is bound by β-1, 6-d-glucans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423329
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    13C NMR analysis of production and accumulation of osmoregulatory metabolites in the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): 13C NMR spectroscopy ; Yeast ; Debaryomyces hansenii ; Osmoregulation ; Compatible solute ; Salt stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract High resolution 13C NMR combined with chemical analysis were used to study the formation of metabolites from [1-13C]-labelled glucose by the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii after transfer to media containing 8% NaCl. Time course spectroscopy of an aerobic cell suspension showed [1,3-13C]glycerol as the predominant end product. Perchloric acid extracts revealed additional less prominent incorporation of label into arabinitol, trehalose, glutamic acid, and alanine. The incorporation into trehalose and arabinitol showed a transient increase after shift to the high salinity medium. It is concluded that glycerol and arabinitol are the major organic solutes in D. hansenii, the production of glycerol being strongly induced by high salinity. Analysis of labelled extracts of D. hansenii after transfer to 8% NaCl media containing [1-13C]- or [6-13C]glucose, demonstrated that glucose is dissimilated via a combination of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway, with the former playing a major role in glycerol formation and the latter in arabinitol production. The almost exclusive labelling of C5 of arabinitol from [6-13C]glucose indicates that the pathway to arabinitol proceeds via reduction of ribulose-5-phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248956
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absence of glucose-induced cAMP signaling in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants cat1 and cat3 which are deficient in derepression of glucose-repressible proteins (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; Cat mutants ; Glucose repression ; Glucose-induced ; Intracellular pH ; Ras ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Signal transduction ; Trehalase ; Yeast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Addition of glucose to derepressed cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces a transient, specific cAMP signal. Intracellular acidification in these cells, as caused by addition of protonophores like 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) causes a large, lasting increase in the cAMP level. The effect of glucose and DNP was investigated in glucose-repressed wild type cells and in cells of two mutants which are deficient in derepression of glucose-repressible proteins, cat1 and cat3. Addition of glucose to cells of the cat3 mutant caused a transient increase in the cAMP level whereas cells of the cat1 mutant and in most cases also repressed wild type cells did not respond to glucose addition with a cAMP increase. The glucose-induced cAMP increase in cat3 cells and the cAMP increase occasionally present in repressed wild type cells however could be prevented completely by addition of a very low level of glucose in advance. In derepressed wild type cells this does not prevent the specific glucose-induced cAMP signal at all. These results indicate that repressed cells do not show a true glucose-induced cAMP signal. When DNP was added to glucose-repressed wild type cells or to cells of the cat1 and cat3 mutants no cAMP increase was observed. Addition of a very low level of glucose before the DNP restored the cAMP increase which points to lack of ATP as the cause for the absence of the DNP effect. These data show that intracellular acidification is able to enhance the cAMP level in repressed cells. The glucose-induced artefactual increase occasionally observed in repressed cells is probably caused by the fact that their low intracellular pH is only restored after the ATP level has increased to such an extent that it is no longer limiting for cAMP synthesis. It is unclear why the artefactual increases are not always observed. Measurement of glucose- and DNP-induced activation of trehalase confirmed the physiological validity of the changes observed in the cAMP level. Our results are consistent with the idea that the glucose-induced signaling pathway contains a glucose-repressible protein and that the protein is located before the point where intracellular acidification triggers activation of the pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423333
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attraction of pinyon pine bark beetle,Ips hoppingi, to conspecific andI. confusus pheromones (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2791-2798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone ; pinyon pine ; bark beetle ; cross-attraction ; Ips hoppingi ; Ips confusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus discolor ; Pinus edulis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Females of a pinyon pine bark beetle,Ips hoppingi Lanier, were less attracted by the aggregation pheromone produced by conspecific males than by the pheromone produced by the neighboring sibling species,I. confusus (LeConte). Cross-attraction was elicited by males infesting the regional pinyon pine hosts (P. discolor andP. edulis) of eitherIps species in south-eastern Arizona. Pheromonal specificity has not accompanied speciation in this species pair.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979473
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gut redox conditions in herbivorous lepidopteran larvae (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3277-3290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Plant-insect interactions ; redox ; reduction potential ; digestion ; Lepidoptera ; Danaus plexippus ; Lymantria dispar ; Manduca sexta ; Papilio glaucus ; Polia latex ; Danaidae ; Lymantriidae ; Sphingidae ; Papilionidae ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Large interspecific differences in redox potential exist among herbivorous lepidopteran larvae. Reducing conditions occur in the midguts ofManduca sexta (Sphingidae) andPolia latex (Noctuidae), whereas oxidizing conditions prevail in the midguts ofLymantria dispar (Lymantriidae),Danaus plexippus (Danaidae), andPapilio glaucus (Papilionidae). The epithelium of the posterior midgut ofM. sexta fed a diet containing bismuth subnitrate accumulates bismuth sulfide, suggesting that sulfide might be one of the reducing agents responsible for the maintenance of reducing conditions in this species. We propose that the effects of plant allelochemicals in insect herbivores will be strongly affected by gut redox conditions and that the regulation of gut redox conditions is an important adaptation of insect herbivores to the chemical defenses of plants. The redox state of the gut is yet another insect trait that must be included in the analysis of plant-insect interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982098
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    (+)-Juniperol and (+)-pimaral: Attractants for the cerambycid beetle,Monochamus alternatus Hope (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3383-3392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Monochamus alternatus Hope ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; female ; Pinus densiflora ; Pinus thunbergii ; attractants ; (+)-juniperol ; (+)-pimaral ; sesquiterpenes ; diterpenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sesquiterpene and a diterpene were isolated from sound pines and identified as (+)-juniperol and (+)-pimaral, respectively. The combination of these compounds in a certain ratio induced a significant laboratory flight response by the female cerambycid beetle,Monochamus alternatus Hope. Individual compounds elicited a limited response only.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982105
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid, quantitative HPLC analysis ofAsclepias fruticosa L. andDanaus plexippus L. cardenolides (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3373-3382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Asclepias fruticosa ; milkweed ; Danaus plexippus ; monarch butterfly ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; cardenolides ; HPLC ; gomphoside ; afroside ; digitoxin ; calactin ; calotropin ; cardenolide fingerprint ; cardiac glycosides ; internal standard
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The cardenolide extracts from latex and aerial parts ofAsclepias fruticosa and ofDanaus plexippus reared onA. fruticosa orA. curassavica were purified by adsorption chromatography on silica gel. HPLC analysis on a C18 reverse-phase column with an acetonitrile-water gradient as mobile phase, separated 28 compounds with a UV spectrum typical forcardenolides. Afroside and gomphoside (major components), as well as calotropagenin, calotoxin, calotropin, calactin, uscharidin, uscharin, and voruscharin, occurred as single peaks in the profiles of latex and aerial plant parts ofA. fruticosa. Calactin and calotropin were the major cardenolides inDanaus plexippus reared onA. fruticosa orA. curassavica. Quantitative data obtained with digitoxin as internal standard showed that 1.3–1.5% of the leaf cardenolides were sequestered byDanaus plexippus in which levels of 70–80μg cardenolide per butterfly were measured. The calotropin from the leaves was almost completely sequestered, and 10–13% of the calactin was stored by the butterfly, assuming that no conversion occurred in larval tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982104
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Male pheromone of swift moth,Hepialus hecta L. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3511-3521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Hepialus ; Lepidoptera ; Hepialidae ; swift moth ; pheromone ; dihydropyrone ; 2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1] nonane ; behavior ; electrophysiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (R)-6-Ethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, (1R,3S,5R)-3-ethyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3. 1]non-7-ene, and (1R,3S,5R)-3-ethyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-6-one represent the main components in the male pheromone of the swift moth,Hepialus hecta. The amounts of the three components were 40, 5, and 5 μg per male, respectively. Structure elucidation of the compounds was based on spectroscopic data as compared to synthetic reference samples. The absolute configurations were determined by gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases; optically active samples served as reference compounds. Electrophysiological and behavioral experiments with natural material and synthetic samples clearly showed the three heterocyclic compounds to act as pheromones. (E, E)-α-Farnesene represents the main component of the scent secretion of maleHepialus humuli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982114
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Andrena wilkella male bees discriminate between enantiomers of cephalic secretion components (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 429-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Enantiomer discrimination ; male patrolling ; odor marking ; Hymenoptera ; Apoidea ; Andrena wilkella ; bee ; EAG ; spiroacetal ; absolute configuration ; 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Diastereomers of the spiroacetal, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane, represent main components of the cephalic secretion from males of the solitary bee,Andrena wilkella. The major compound proved to be of high enantiomeric purity, showing (2S,6R,8S) configuration. Only the naturally occurring enantiomer attracted patrolling males in the field; its antipode was behaviorally inactive and in a racemic mixture did not inhibit response. The (E,Z) diastereomers were also found to be almost inactive. EAG studies gave the same result as the behavioral tests. The biological function of the spiroacetal is discussed in view of the evolution of the mating behavior inA. wilkella.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021775
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apple ermine moth,Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller Two components of female sex pheromone gland highly effective in field trapping tests (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 477-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Yponomeuta malinellus ; sex pheromone ; apple ermine moth ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When electroantennographic responses of maleYponomeuta malinellus Zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3–30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–12∶Ac). Also, strong responses were obtained from (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11–14∶A1) and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Zl1–14∶OH). At a dosage of 0.3 ng,Z11–14∶A1 produced a stronger response thanZ11–14∶OH, while at a dosage of 30 ng,Z11–14∶OH andZ11–14∶A1 produced equal responses. Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of extracts of female sex pheromone glands showed the presence ofZ9–12∶Ac, tetradecan-1-ol (14∶OH), (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (E11–14∶OH),Z11–14∶OH, hexadecan-1-ol, and hexadecan-1-ol acetate in a ratio of 0.6∶200∶37∶100∶140∶35. In field tests,Z9–12∶Ac andZ11–14∶OH together were required for trap catch, and addition ofZ11–14∶A1,E11–14∶OH, 14∶OH, or (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate did not increase catch. Ratios in rubber septa of 0.5∶99.5 to 1.5∶98.5 (Z9–12∶ Ac/Z11–14∶OH) captured the most males and captures were statistically equivalent for dosages of 10–1000 μg/rubber septum. Traps baited with the synthetic lure produced better catches than those baited with females.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021779
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interpopulational variation in emitted pheromone blend of cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Female cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni, from laboratory colonies initiated from three locations across the United States emitted similar quantities and blend ratios of the six known pheromone components. In contrast, females from a long-established laboratory colony emitted a greater proportion of four of the five minor components relative to the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate; only the relative proportion of 11-dodecenyl acetate was similar in all of the populations sampled. Females from this population emitted (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate at a rate similar to that from females from field-collected colonies. Within each population there were highly significant correlations among the quantities of pheromone components of similar molecular weights. Correlations between components of different molecular weights were not as great, but often were significant. Similarities of blend ratios among field populations may indicate that the chemical signal in this species is conservative. The difference of the blend ratios in our laboratory population from the other populations may indicate a decrease in the intensity of selection pressure that usually would maintain these values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021782
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical marker from silk ofYponomeuta cagnagellus (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2203-2216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Yponomeuta cagnagellus ; caterpillars ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; trail following ; chemical marker ; trail pheromone ; stability ; pheromone secretory site
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Trail following in lepidopterous larvae is often attributed to chemical markers, but only a few clear-cut examples are found in the literature. In this paper evidence is presented for a chemical basis of the trail following behaviour ofYponomeuta cagnagellus. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) The marker is shown to be very persistent under laboratory conditions and is water soluble. Several possible secretory sites were investigated, and it is concluded that the marker is probably secreted together with the silk from the labial gland. Problems associated with the demonstration of trail markers in caterpillars are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026931
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and field testing of enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes as sex attractants for geometrid moths (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2317-2339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; enantiomer ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z,6S,7R)-epoxyheptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Stereoselective syntheses of chiral C17 to C21 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes were developed. Field tests of the enantiomerically enriched epoxides as components of synthetic sex attractant lures were carried out, and those with C17 and C19 chain lengths, particularly, were attractive to male moths of several species. Moths were usually specifically attracted by one of a pair of enantiomers, and the opposite enantiomer could actually be a behavioral antagonist. Males belonging to nine species of Geometridae were captured.Probole amicaria (Herrich-Schäffer) males were taken in traps baited with the mixture (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H) + 3Z,9Z,6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H(9∶1∶8). Other species responding to the C19 compounds included (attractant components follow in parentheses);Sicya macularia (Harris) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H),Anavitrinella pampinaria (Guenée) (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,9Z,6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H), andLycia ursaria (Walker) (6Z,9Z-3S, 4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). Males of the following species were captured byC 17 epoxides:Itame occiduaria (Packard) (6Z,9Z,3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H),Itame brunneata (Thunberg) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-17∶H),Epelis truncataria (Walker) (both enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-17∶H),Semiothisa ulsterata (Pearsall) (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-17∶H), andS. signaria dispuncta (Walker) (3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H). The interactions among enantiomers and regioisomers are discussed as a mechanism by which cross attraction between sympatric species is limited.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026941
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a novel phytoecdysteroid, vitexirone, and efficient isolation of phytoecdysteroids fromVitex fisherii (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2581-2588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Vitex fisherii ; Verbenaceae ; phytoecdysteroid ; vitexirone ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; ajugasterone C ; turkesterone ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A novel phytoecdysteroid, vitexirone, has been isolated from a MeOH extract of the root bark of the East African medicinal plantVitex fisherii by recycling high-performance liquid chromatography on a semipreparative scale. In addition, three known phytoecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone, ajugasterone C, and turkesterone, also were isolated. The structure of vitexirone has been established spectroscopically. The position and stereochemistry of the 11-α-hydroxy group of ajugasterone C and vitexirone were confirmed by the1H-1H homonuclear COSY NMR data. These phytoecdysteroids disrupt the molting process of the pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiella.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017480
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel internally branched, internal alkenes as major components of the cuticular hydrocarbons of the primitive australian antNothomyrmecia macrops Clark (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2623-2635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Internally branched alkenes ; internal alkenes ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; Nothomyrmecia macrops ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; ants ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Internally mono- and dimethyl branched, internal alkenes, which constitute most of the cuticular hydrocarbon present on workers of the primitive Australian antNothomyrmecia macrops Clark, have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. They are the first such alkenes reported from insects. Also present are alkanes with similar carbon skeletons. The hydrocarbon patterns of three separateNothomyrmecia colonies were very similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988074
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical activity of centipedegrass against fall armyworm larvae (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2677-2690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; antibiosis ; bioactivity ; plant biochemicals ; chlorogenic acid ; maysin ; luteolin ; fall armyworm ; centipedegrass ; Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Centipedegrass,Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack, severely inhibits growth of the fall armyworm larva,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Fresh centipedegrass extracts and extract fractions were deposited on Celufil, incorporated into meridic-based diets and bioassayed against neonate larvae of the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The methanol extract (F1) caused the greatest reduction in larval weight. When F1, was partitioned between méthylene chloride and water, the activity was transferred to the water-soluble fraction (F5), which, when further fractionated using preparative C-18 reverse-phase chromatography, yielded active F7 and F8 fractions. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed F7 to be 95% caffeoylquinic acids with chlorogenic acid as the major constituent. HPLC analysis of F8 revealed maysin [2″-O- α-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-Xylo-hexos-4-ulosyl)luteolin] and other luteolin derivatives. Chlorogenic acid and other caffeoylquinic acids, maysin, and other luteolin derivatives are the major factors responsible for the antibiotic resistance of centipedegrass to larvae of the fall armyworm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988078
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defense chemicals from abdominal glands of 13 rove beetle species of subtribe staphylinina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2691-2711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae ; Staphylinina ; chemical defense ; abdominal glands ; iridoids ; iridodial ; ketones ; cyclic compounds ; spiroacetals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Forty-one volatile constituents have been characterized from the abdominal defensive glands of 13 Staphylinina rove beetle species (Staphylinidae). The major secretion component, a rapidly polymerizing iridoid dialdehyde (in most cases iridodial), is mainly accompanied by variable amounts of some iridoid lactones, traces of actinidine, some possible monoterpene precursors, short-chain ketones, cyclic compounds, and spiroacetals. The secretion mixtures even of single Staphylinina genera are very heterogenously composed of a variety of active substances with different structures. This situation may be a typical feature of iridoid defense systems based upon a primary fixative major compound and clearly differs from other chemical defense systems (for example the quinone system) which have a toxic main component.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988079
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glucosinolate levels in cotyledons of mustard,Brassica juncea L. and rape,B. napus L. do not determine feeding rates of flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2735-2746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Glucosinolate ; sinigrin ; glucobrassicin ; sulfur ; crucifer ; Brassica juncea ; B. napus ; flea beetle ; Phyllotreta cruciferae ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; feeding ; cotyledon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sinigrin (allyl glucosinolate), the major glucosinolate in the cotyledons ofBrassica juncea cv. Cutlass, occurred in the highest concentration and amount at seedling emergence and declined during growth. Glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate), the major glucosinolate in the cotyledons ofB. napus cv. Westar, occurred in the lowest concentration and amount at seedling emergence. The amount of glucobrassicin per cotyledon pair increased about fourfold during 14 days of growth, but its concentration remained relatively unchanged because of “dilution” by increasing cotyledon biomass. These different glucosinolate profiles indicate a different metabolic control and different biological function for sinigrin and glucobrassicin. The flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, does not discriminate between cotyledons having sinigrin or glucobrassicin since the two crucifers were fed upon equally in choice tests. Restricting the concentration of sulfur in the nutrient medium accelerated the decline of sinigrin inB. juncea cv. Cutlass but did not alter the feeding rate ofP. cruciferae compared to controls. Sulfur restriction reduced glucobrassicin inB. napus cv. Westar to undetectable levels and somewhat reduced the feeding rate of P.Cruciferae. Nevertheless,P. cruciferae still fed actively on cotyledons ofB. napus cv. Westar depleted of glucosinolates and severely damaged many of them. Since glucosinolate type and concentration had little effect on feeding response, reduction or elimination of foliar glucosinolates alone would not seem a useful strategy for protecting seedlings of these two crucifers from flea beetle damage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988082
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developmental and environmental sources of pheromone variation inColias eurytheme butterflies (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2771-2786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Colias ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; courtship pheromone ; pheromone variation ; pheromone production ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; n-heptacosane ; 13-methylheptacosane ; n-nonacosane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Body size, age, ambient temperature, wing wear, and flight activity were investigated as possible sources of variation in the quantities and relative proportions of the three chemical components [n-heptacosane (C27), 13-methylheptacosane (13MH), andn-nonacosane (C29)] of the male courtship pheromone ofColias eurytheme butterflies. Size of the male has very little influence on the amount of any of the pheromone components present on the wings. Most of the deposition of all three components onto the surface of the hindwing occurs between 3 and 9 hr after emergence from the pupa. 13MH is deposited more rapidly than C27 and C29, and C27 more rapidly than C29. After the first 12 hr posteclosion, the pheromone phenotype of an individual male remains relatively constant through at least 96 hr of age. Experiments showed that none of the three chemicals volatilize to any appreciable extent at temperatures likely to be experienced in the field. The pheromones of actively searching and courting males did not differ from those of less-active feeding and resting males, suggesting that volatilization induced by flight activity is not an important source of pheromone variation. Loss of scales with age does seem to affect pheromone phenotype, but not in a readily interpretable way. Although the quantity of 13MH was lower in worn males than in fresh, C27 was higher.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988085
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical communication in the dacetine antDaceton armigerum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1207-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ants ; Dacetini ; Daceton armigerum ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; poison gland ; pygidial gland ; sternal gland ; mandibular gland ; trail communication ; alarm communication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Contrary to previous assumptions,Daceton armigerum, the largest ant in the myrmicine tribe Dacetini, employs trail communication. We identified two anatomical sources of trail pheromones: Trails drawn with poison gland contents can last for more than seven days. Trails drawn with the newly discovered sternal glands (in the VIth and VIIth abdominal sternites) are effective but relatively short-lived. In addition, our bioassays revealed that the contents of the mandibular glands elicit alarm behavior, and secretions from the pygidial gland release attraction. When tested with artificial poison gland trails from seven other myrmicine species,Daceton did not exhibit trail following behavior. We confirmed, however, previous findings thatAtta respond toDaceton poison gland trails andSolenopsis followDaceton Dufour's gland trails.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021020
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inactivation of baculovirus by quinones formed in insect-damaged plant tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1221-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Baculovirus ; nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; plant phenolics ; polyphenol oxidase ; tritrophic interactions ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; host plant resistance ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The infectivity of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, HzSNPV toHeliothis zea was significantly reduced when viral occlusion bodies were exposed to the plant phenolic chlorogenic acid in the presence of polyphenol oxidase. Chlorogenic acid is rapidly oxidized to the ortho-quinone, chlorogenoquinone, by foliar polyphenol oxidases of the tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum, when foliage is damaged during feeding by larvalH. zea. Our results indicate that chlorogenoquinone, a powerful oxidizing agent, covalently binds to the occlusion bodies of HzSNPV and significantly reduces their digestibility and solubility under alkaline conditions. This binding is proposed to interfere with the infection process by impairing the release of infective virions in the midgut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021021
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of trichome B exudate ofSolanum berthaultii Hawkes on consumption by the colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1547-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; S. berthaultii ; S. tuberosum ; trichome ; antifeedant ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The leaf extract fromS. berthaultii Hawkes (PI 473340) contains exudate from trichomes (type B). Consumption ofS. tuberosum var. Norchip foliage by the Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was reduced when treated with the leaf extract. The leaf extract from a resistantS. berthaultii clone without type B trichome had no antifeedant activity. It suggests that more than one mechanism of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle exists inS. berthaultii.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014088
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrophysiological and chemical analysis of sex pheromone communication system of the mottled umber,Erannis defoliaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1887-1897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Erannis defoliaria (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; sex pheromone ; identification ; electroantennogram ; single sensillum ; peripheral inhibitor ; Agriopis marginaria ; Colotois pennaria ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–19Hy) and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene (Z3,Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy) were identified in pheromone gland extracts from femaleErannis defoliaria. The two components were found in a 1∶3 ratio, with the main component,Z3,Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy present at an amount of about 1.5 ng per female. The components were identified by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography-single sensillum recordings. Single sensillum measurements on the male antenna showed two physiological types of sensilla. One type was characterized by a large spike amplitude cell responding toZ3,Z9-cis-6,7-epoxy-19Hy and a small spike amplitude cell responding toZ3,Z6,Z9–19Hy. A second type responded only with a large spike amplitude cell to the epoxide, and this cell was inhibited by the triene. Of the two pheromone components, the epoxide gave the higher response in the EAG tests. Preliminary field tests support the identification of the pheromone components. The epoxide was also found to be present in the extract of the pheromone gland ofColotois pennaria, and males ofC. pennaria andAgriopis marginaria were trapped by the mixture of the identified compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020502
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enantiomeric synthesis of dominicalure, aggregation pheromone of lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1921-1925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lesser grain borer ; Rhyzopertha dominica (F) ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; aggregation pheromone ; chiral synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (S)-(+)-1-Methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate,1, and (S)-(+)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate2, the aggregation pheromone for lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F). were synthesized from crotylaldehyde in an overall yield of 30%. The chiral intermediate6 was prepared in 90% enantiomer excess, employing the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020505
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Asarones fromAcorus calamus L. Oil (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1911-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Peridroma saucia ; variegated cutworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; feeding behavior ; growth inhibitors ; conversion efficiency ; asarones ; Acorus calamus ; antifeedants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Asarones (2, 4, 5-trimethoxypropenylbenzenes) isolated from the essential oil ofAcorus calamus L. rhizomes, are potent growth inhibitors and antifeedants to the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hubner.cis-Asarone added to artificial diet significantly inhibited growth and feeding by first-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae, whereas thetrans isomer produced an antifeedant effect alone. Gross dietary utilization (efficiency of conversion of ingested food, ECI) was decreased when the diet was supplemented withcis-asarone or when this compound was topically applied to fourth-instar larvae. Inhibition of growth occurred even at a moderate topical dose (5 μg/larva) primarily as a result of decreased efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), even though the approximate digestibility (AD) of the food was unchanged. Oral or topical treatment withtrans-asarone also significantly inhibited larval growth, but in this case the effect can be strictly attributed to decreased consumption, as dietary utilization (ECI) was not affected. Both isomers displayed a direct antifeedant effect based on leaf disk choice tests. Thecis isomer was 7.0 and 5.5 times more potent thant thetrans isomer against fourth- and fifth-instar larvae, respectively. Our data suggest that the two asarone isomers have different modes of action.cis-Asarone is toxic in addition to having strong antifeedant activity, whereas thetrans isomer acts only as an antifeedant with no appreciable toxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020504
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Roles of amino acids, protein, and fiber in leaf-feeding resistance of corn to the fall armyworm (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1977-1995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; corn ; Zea mays ; plant-insect interaction ; amino acids ; herbivory ; feeding resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The free amino acids have been shown by isolational work and choice bioassays to be more important than all other factors evaluated in defining leaf-feeding resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) to fall armyworm (FAW) [(Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)] larvae. 6-MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone) and maysin, toxins present in corn, were shown not to be significant factors for leaf-feeding resistance to first-instar FAW larvae because of their low concentrations in the whorl. Amino acid analysis showed that while the ratios of the essential amino acids in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) lines were similar, there were differences in the nonessential amino acids, particularly aspartic acid, which was higher in R lines. Also, the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was important, being too low in expressed whorl leaf juice (obtained from V8–V10 growth stage plants) to support larval growth, although juice was stimulatory in choice tests. The total protein content of whorls in S lines was about 15% higher than in R lines, but the significance of this difference is uncertain, because nutritional tests showed that larval growth increased with total protein only up to 12% protein. Sugars were only slightly stimulatory. Thus, the amino acids along with higher hemicellulose content of R lines, established by us earlier, appear to explain much of the basis of resistance in corn to larval leaf-feeding of the FAW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020510
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An allelochemical elicits arrestment inApanteles kariyai in feces of nonhost larvaeAcantholeucania loreyi (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2009-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Apanteles kariyai ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Acantholeucania loreyi ; Pseudaletia separata ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; 2,5-dialkyltet-rahydrofuran ; arrestant ; allelochemical ; antimone ; kairomone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Females of the larval parasitoidApanteles kariyai (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are arrested on fecal pellets ofAcantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Upon subsequent antennal contact with anA. loreyi larva, females sting it with their ovipositor. However, such stinging did not result in any offspring. The allelochemical involved in feces has been identified and is identical to a kairomone of the hostPseudaletia separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In contrast toA. loreyi, P. separata is a suitable host forA. kariyai, and oviposition inP. separata results in offspring production. The allelochemical mediating the interaction betweenA. loreyi andA. kariyai is discussed in the context of current allelochemical terminology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020512
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemistry of male mandibular gland secretions ofPhilanthus triangulum (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2135-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Philanthus triangulum ; Hymenoptera ; Sphecidae ; Philanthinae ; beewolf ; (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol ; 10-nonadecen-2-one ; nonadecenal ; eicosenal ; pheromone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Males of the European and African beewolf,Philanthus triangulum, possess a sex specific mandibular gland secretion that is used for marking plant stems in mating territories. The secretion is composed of 90% (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol plus small amounts of 10-nonadecen-2-one, nonadecenal, octadecanoic and octadecenoic acids, and eicosenal. The chemistry of this secretion differs markedly from the secretions of North AmericanPhilanthus, which consist of a larger number of components that possess different chemical functionalities and are more volatile. We postulate that the chemical differences betweenP. triangulum and its New World relatives reflect phylogenetic differences plus a possible reduced necessity for species isolating mechanisms inP. triangulum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026925
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Nonadecatriene and enantiomers of (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-Epoxy-nonadecadiene as sex attractants for two geometrid and one noctuid moth species (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2153-2166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; Eufidonia convergaria ; Caripeta angustiorata ; Rivula propinqualis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6R,7S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex attractants for the geometrid mothsEufidonia convergaria andCaripeta angustiorata, and the noctuid mothRivula propinqualis have been elucidated during field screening of a series of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons (C17–22), and the racemic and enantiomerically enriched monoepoxydienes derived from those hydrocarbons. Biologically active compounds were identified by a combination of field testing of synthetic standards, electroantennography, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection.E. convergaria males were optimally attracted by a 1∶1 blend of (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H); other abbreviations follow the same system) with (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). The 6R,7S enantiomer of the epoxide had no apparent biological activity, either as an attractant or as a behavioral antagonist. Male moths also were attracted to blends of the C18 and C20 homologs of the triene and the epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 3Z,6Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H were identified inE. convergaria female pheromone gland extracts. Males of the geometrid moth speciesC. angustiorata were attracted by a 1∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H. Males of the noctuid mothR. propinqualis were attracted by an approximately 10∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6S, 7R-epoxy-19∶H. The components were synergistic, with neither being attractive alone. The blend ratio was quite specific, as the attractiveness of blends decreased sharply on either side of the optimum ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026927
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Internest aggression and identification of possible nestmate discrimination pheromones in polygynous antFormica montana (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2217-2228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Nestmate discrimination ; polygynous ants ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; multivariate analysis ; aggression ; prairie ants ; class distinction ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Polygynous ant species often monopolize patchily distributed habitats and tolerate neighboring conspecifics while aggressively attacking other ant species. We determined that internest aggression occurs in the polygynous ant,Formica montana. We report for the first time the identities of cuticular hydrocarbons ofF. montana and present results of their possible role in nestmate recognition. Cuticular hydrocarbons contribute differentially to class discrimination, certain hydrocarbons being more class distinct.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026932
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface lipids of social waspPolistes melricus say and its nest and nest pedicel and their relation to nestmate recognition (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2229-2241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Polistes metricus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; social wasps ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; nestmate recognition ; nest pedicel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In eight replicate laboratory tests wherePolistes metricus adults were allowed to choose between their own nest, a second nest, and neither nest, they selected their own nest 66% of the observed time. When the surface hydrocarbons had been extracted from the nests, the wasps chose their own nest only 8% of the time, but after the hydrocarbons were reapplied to the surface of the respective nests, they selected their own nest 47% of the time. These changes are significant. The cuticular lipids were analyzed from individualP. metricus adult females collected from 13 colonies. Surface lipids were recovered from the paper and pedicels of their nests. Eighteen hydrocarbons were identified in these lipid fractions. The major components of the wasp cuticular lipids weren-heptacosane,n-nonacosane, methylhentriacontane, and methyltritriacontane. Factor analysis revealed that extracts of pedicels are all similar in composition, while cuticle and paper extracts vary, sometimes similarly according to colony identity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026933
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of steam distillate extracts of selected resistant cultivated and wild rices on behavior of leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2291-2296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Rice leaffolder ; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Oryza officinalis ; Oryza punctata ; Oryza sativa ; rice plant volatiles ; egg hatchability ; egg laying
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée). Leaffolder moths laid significantly fewer eggs on TN1 rice plants treated with extracts of resistant wild species of rice,Oryza officinalis andOryza punctata, than on TN1 plants treated with extracts of resistant cultivated rices. Extracts ofO. officinalis andO. punctata adversely affected egg hatchability.O. officinalis andO. punctata extracts were more toxic to first-instar larvae than extracts of other resistant varieties. Leaf area consumed by the larvae was reduced on TN1 plants treated withO. officinalis andO. punctata extracts compared with that on plants treated with extracts of resistant cultivated rice varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026938
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Semiochemicals for use with parasitoids: Status and future (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3067-3089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Semiochemicals ; kairomones ; parasitoid behavior ; parasitoid manipulation ; foraging environment ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Allelochemicals are known to serve important roles at all steps in the host-searching sequence of parasitoids. We discuss the various roles of these allelochemics and the type of information needed to develop their use in pest control, which to date has been very limited. Rapid advancements are being made with respect to airborne chemicals and longer-range foraging behavior. Moreover, recent discoveries have shown that genetic diversity in parasitoid populations and phenotypic plasticity of individuals, together with their physiological state, often result in substantial variations in the response to chemical cues. Successful application of semiochemical-parasitoid systems will require management of these intrinsic parasitoid variables as well as management of the foraging environment. We illustrate emerging technology for such an application. For the immediate future, the development of this technology will allow us to: (1) define the genetic and phenotypic foraging profiles important to consistent and efficient parasitoid foraging, and (2) establish the proper propagation and release procedures and monitoring bioassays necessary to ensure appropriate behavioral and physiological qualities of released organisms. For the long term, we envision technology for comprehensively manipulating the pest/crop environment in ways that would provide foraging stimuli and other needs important to retention and efficiency of parasitoids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979613
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification and field testing of female-produced sex pheromone components of the spring cankerworm,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3393-3409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone ; attractant ; 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene ; 6(Z),9(Z)-cis-3 ; 4-epoxynonadecadiene ; Paleacrita vernata ; spring cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; trap height ; behavioral antagonist
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two sex pheromone components, 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H), and 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶ H), have been positively identified, and a third component, 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene (6(Z),9(Z)-19 ∶ H) has been tentatively identified from abdominal tip extracts of female spring cankerworm moths,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera∶ Geometridae). The pheromone components were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, electroantennography, mass spectrometry, chemical tests, comparison with standards, and field testing. Only 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H exhibited significant attractant activity when tested alone, and it was potentiated by the other two components. The attractive blend was an 8∶2∶1 ratio of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H/3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H/6Z,9Z-19∶H. However, the two-component blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H and 6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H (8∶1 ratio) was as attractive as the three-component blend in further field tests. A series of related compounds, the diene monoepoxides available from epoxidation of C19 and C20 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, some of which have been found in the pheromone blends of other moth species, were tested as behavioral antagonists. The attraction of male moths to synthetic lures was suppressed by the addition of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene to the lures. Additional experiments were performed to determine the effects of lure dosage, trap height, and trap design on the numbers of male moths captured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982106
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...