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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Drought is the major constraint limiting rainfed rice production. The ability of rice roots to penetrate compacted soils and therefore to increase water extraction capacity, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of leaves enables the plant to tolerate drought. Experiments were conducted to determine the extent of genetic variation in root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica accessions adapted to rainfed lowlands as well as traditional varieties from rainfed uplands. Root penetration index was evaluated in a system using wax–petrolatum layers to simulate soil compaction. Osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were studied under slow development of water stress. Substantial genetic variation was found for root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica ecotypes from lowlands, and the study of several traditional varieties from uplands showed variation in root penetration index and related root traits. An indica accession, IR58821-23-B-1-2-1 had a high root penetration index of 0.38. The accessions, IR61079-33-1-2-2-3, IR62266-42-6-2 and IR63919-38-B-1 had high osmotic adjustment capacities (1.91, 1.90 and 1.78 MPa, respectively); IR61079-33-1-2-2-3 also had high dehydration tolerance. Good osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were associated with poor root system. The traditional varieties ‘Kallurundaikar’ and ‘Norungan’ had higher root penetration indices (0.46 and 0.43, respectively), than even the japonica accessions. The study identified indica accessions and traditional varieties with superior root- and shoot-related drought resistance traits that could be used in breeding for drought resistance in rice.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Chemistry 15 (1984), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Chemistry 21 (1986), S. 315-320 
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 552-553 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The levels of ammonia assimilatory enzymes have been studied in a nif−III mutant and a wild strain ofAzotobacter chroococcum grown in media containing different nitrogen sources. It is suggested that the nif−III mutant may be defective in transport or incorporation of molybdenum.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: AFLP analysis ; DNA fingerprinting ; genetic diversity ; Indian rice varieties ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To assess diversification of indica rice, fingerprinting of 42 Indian rice varieties (Oryza sativa L) and one accession of O. brachyantha Chev. et Roehr. was taken up using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Six primer combinations of PstI and MseI were used for this purpose. On denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gel, on average 41 scorable AFLP bands were obtained of which 81% were polymorphic. Each variety revealed a distinct fingerprint. Data were scored on the basis of presence and absence of bands and cluster analysis was performed using Dice similarity coefficients. The resultant dendrogram showed four major clusters and traits. Some varieties especially landraces revealed more polymorphism and unique loci. Such study will be a valuable tool for proper choice of parents in mapping populations or breeding programs to produce heterotic several inexplicable minor clusters. Some varieties were grouped according to parentages of the cross while some were grouped according to physiological combinations apart from providing a characteristic fingerprint.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rice leaffolder ; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Oryza officinalis ; Oryza punctata ; Oryza sativa ; rice plant volatiles ; egg hatchability ; egg laying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée). Leaffolder moths laid significantly fewer eggs on TN1 rice plants treated with extracts of resistant wild species of rice,Oryza officinalis andOryza punctata, than on TN1 plants treated with extracts of resistant cultivated rices. Extracts ofO. officinalis andO. punctata adversely affected egg hatchability.O. officinalis andO. punctata extracts were more toxic to first-instar larvae than extracts of other resistant varieties. Leaf area consumed by the larvae was reduced on TN1 plants treated withO. officinalis andO. punctata extracts compared with that on plants treated with extracts of resistant cultivated rice varieties.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Brown planthopper ; Nilaparvata lugens ; Homoptera Delphacidae ; Oryza officinalis ; plant volatiles ; wild rice ; plant-insect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stal). In a choice test, significantly more females settled and fed on tillers of a susceptible rice variety, Taichung Native 1 (TN 1), sprayed with acetone or untreated TN 1 plants than on TN 1 tillers sprayed with the extracts of resistant wild riceOryza officinalis. O. officinalis steam distillate was highly toxic to first-instar nymphs ofN. lugens. Ingestion and assimilation of food by females was significantly reduced on TN 1 plants sprayed withO. officinalis distillate compared to TN 1 plants sprayed with acetone. Application of0. officinalis distillate on TN 1 plants adversely affected hatchability of eggs ofN. lugens.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 51 (1997), S. 71-77 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Germination ; Helianthus annuus ; Oil ; Protein fractions ; Sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since germination has been found to improve the nutritional quality of grains, sunflower seeds Helianthus annuus were germinated for up to five days, and the cotyledons were analyzed for oil, sugar, free amino acid, non-protein nitrogen, lysine, tryptophan and methionine contents. Protein was fractionated. Soaking and germination increased the non-protein nitrogen, total free amino acid, lysine and tryptophan contents. Protein content and dry weight decreased. The oil content decreased significantly after 72 hours of germination. The reducing sugars increased gradually until day ‘five’ of germination.The saline soluble albumin and globulin fractions decreased while the glutelin content increased during germination. No changes were noticed in the prolamin and methionine contents.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 37 (1987), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: okra ; seed maturation ; protein ; oil ; starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The okra seeds of variety Pusa sawani were analysed for protein, non-protein nitrogen, total free amino acids, lysine, and tryptophan from the 7th day to the 42nd day after flowering. Starch, total sugars and oil percent were also estimated in these seeds. During the early stages of maturation, the soluble components (non-protein nitrogen, free amino acids and total sugars) were found in higher quantities than in the later stages. Protein, oil and starch contents increased gradually from day 7 to day 42. The rate of accumulation of oil was found to be at the highest level between 21–28 days after flowering, while the rate of protein deposition was greatest between days 35–42. Inditiation of seed maturation seems to start 21 days after flowering in okra seeds.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 34 (1984), S. 253-259 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; physicochemical properties ; preferential uses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rice varieties such as IR-20, Ponni, Bhavani and IR-50 that are preferred for cooking showed larger surface area, higher water uptake at 96°C, greater cooked volume, soft gel consistency and greater elongation ratio. Rice varieties which are exclusively used for makingidli anddosai exhibited lower protein content, medium alkali score and higher percentage of total as well as soluble starch and amylopectin. Rice varieties which are used for making flakes showed hard gel consistency, higher alkali digestibility values, lower soluble amylose content and relatively higher amount of hot water-soluble reducing sugars. Varieties used for making puffed rice do not show any specific characteristics to differentiate them from the above types. All the rice varieties studied belong to the high amylose group except ASD-1 which belongs to the medium amylose group.
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