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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; Cydia caryana ; sex pheromone ; electroantennogram ; flight tunnel ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses olfactives antennaires de Cydia caryana, mesurées par électroantennogrammes (EAG), aux alcools et acétates à carbones monounsaturés en positions 12 et 14, ont montré que le système conjugué de double liaison, (E)-8-, (E)-10- du dodecadien-1-ol acétate constitue un composé chimique strutural critique de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana. De plus, les acétates: (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol, et le (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol, se sont révélés en AEG comme des composés secondaires de la phéromone. L'étude par AEG de la relation dose-réponse a conduit à l'hypothèse de deux catégories de populations de récepteurs de phéromones. L'analyse comportementale des résponses des papillons mâles dans le tunnel de vol aux composés qui ont provoqués les plus forts AEG, on fait estimer que les acétates (E,E)-8,10-dodécadien-1-ol et (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol ressemblent (ou sont) les constituants de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana; tandis que les (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol et (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol sont, soit des paraphéromones, soit des constituants mineurs de la phéromone. La signification biologique du (Z)-12-tétradécen-1-ol a été difficile à interprêter avec les expériences en tunnel de vol.
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) measurement of male Cydia caryana moth antennal olfactory response to monounsaturated 12 and 14 carbon alcohols and acetates indicated that the (E)-8-, (E)-10- conjugated double bond system of a dodecadien-1-ol acetate is a critical chemical structural component of the C. caryana sex pheromone. Additionally, EAG measurements implicated (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol as potential minor pheromonal components. An EAG dosage-response study suggested that there were at least two heterologous populations of pheromone acceptors. Behavioral analysis of male moth response in a flight tunnel to compounds which evoked the stronger EAG responses suggested that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate resemble or are C. caryana sex pheromonal components, while (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate are either parapheromones or are minor pheromone components. Behavioral significance of (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol was difficult to interpret in the flight tunnel.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Pyraustinae ; Pyraustini ; Fumibotys fumalis ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-10 ; 12-tetradecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Compounds identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of femaleFumibotys fumalis (Guenee) consisted of (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyi acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of 100:18: 8:4, respectively. The compounds were identified by electroantennographic, gas Chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and chemical derivatization procedures. In mint fields synthetic components in gray elastomeric septa at ratios found in the sex pheromone gland and at doses of 3 or 10 mg of the diene produced trap catch comparable to traps baited with three females.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cranberry fruitworm ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Acrobasis vaccinii ; sex pheromone ; (E,Z)-8,10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetate ; (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The following compounds and (approximate ratios) were identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of femaleAcrobasis vaccinii Riley by comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric traces with those of synthetic standards: (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, (Z,Z), and (E,E)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetates (100:1:2:12), a dodecen-l-ol acetate (8), (Z)-8-, (Z)-9-, and (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetates (3:23:4), two heptadecen-l-ol acetates (4:4), tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and heptadecyl acetates (3:15:10:8), dodecan-l-ol (6), tetradecan-l-ol (5), and hexadecan-l-ol (23). The amount of (E,Z)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetate (E8,Z10–15:Ac) in the extract was about 0.5 ng/female. Electroantennographic analysis of gas chromatographic fractions of female sex pheromone gland extract showed that the fraction containingE8,Z10–15:Ac elicited the greatest response. Alone,E8,Z10–15:Ac failed to elicit upwind flight of males in flight-tunnel tests, and traps baited with it did not catch males in field experiments. WhenE8,Z10–15:Ac was combined with (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetate (100:4), male upwind flight response in flight-tunnel tests was equivalent to those obtained with extract of female sex pheromone glands (synthetic, 62%; natural, 51%), but the percent of males flying upwind that contacted the source was lower (synthetic, 47%; natural, 88%). The lower percent of source contact elicited by the synthetic pheromone could be a result of the difference in isomer ratios of 8,10–15:Ac in the natural and synthetic pheromone or could indicate that the synthetic pheromone is incomplete. Traps baited with the 100:4 combination caught large numbers of males in field experiments.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Phycitinae ; Hulstia undulatella ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-hexa-decen-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram profiles of saturated and monounsaturated 12-, 14-, and 16-carbon acetates, and 12- and 14-carbon alcohols implicated (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z9-14: Ac) as a component of the female sex pheromone ofHulstia undulatella (Clemens). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of extract of the female sex pheromone glands showed the presence of Z9-14:Ac (8.5 ng/female), (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9-14:OH), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-16:Ac) in a ratio of 100∶4∶21, respectively. In tests in sugar beet fields, Z9-14:Ac alone produced some trap catch. Addition of Z9-14: OH did not increase catch while addition of Z11-16:Ac eliminated catch, but addition of both Z9-14:OH and Z11-16: Ac increased catch sevenfold. A combination of Z9-14: OH and Z11-16: Ac without Z9-14: Ac did not produce trap catch. A lure of 200 μg Z9-14:Ac+16 μg Z9-14:OH+42 μg Z11-16:Ac is suggested for use in monitoring traps.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Codling moth ; Cydia pomonella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; flight tunnel ; mating disruption ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol ; decan-1-ol ; dodecan-1-ol ; tetradecan-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In flight tunnel tests, the percentages of oriented upwind flights of male codling moths culminating in contacting a source of different compositions of female sex pheromone gland components were determined over a dosage range of 0.1–100,000Μg. The following compositions were tested: (1) (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol of 99.7% isomeric purity; (2) 1 + dodecanl-ol + tetradecan-1-ol; (3) 2 + decan-1-ol + (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol; and (4) an equilibrium mixture of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol isomers (61%EE, 5%ZZ, 14%ZE, and 20%EZ). The ratios of the components in compositions 2 and 3 were chosen to produce vapor ratios equal to the natural ratios found in the female effluvium by Arn and coworkers. As the dose of composition 1 was increased from 0.1 to 10Μg, response increased from 0 to about 80% and then was approximately constant from 10 to 300Μg. Over the range 0.1–300Μg, the percentage of males contacting the septum was virtually the same as the percentage flying upwind. From 300 to 100,000Μg, the percentage of males flying upwind and contacting the source steadily decreased from about 80 to 0%. The male responses to compositions 2 and 3 were virtually identical to the response to 1. These results indicate, contrary to published reports, that dodecan-1-ol and tetradecan-1-ol in combination with 1 do not increase the responses of the behavioral modes determining degree of attractancy and disruption of sexual communication over that of 1 alone. These results also show that decan-1-ol and (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol do not enhance response in the five-component mixture. The response to composition 4 increased from 0% at a dose of 0.3Μg to 26% at a dose of 30Μg and then decreased to 0% at a dose of 3000Μg. Thus, the inhibiting effect of the isomers on response was greater at the higher doses.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Codling moth ; Cydia pomonella ; sex pheromone ; codlemone ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; sex pheromone isomers ; 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol isomers ; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; mating disruption ; communication disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field tests comparing the ability of codlemone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, and isomers of codlemone to disrupt pheromonal communication of codling moth were carried out. In a pear orchard, four nonisomerizing, gray septa dispensers were placed in the upper canopy of each tree containing a trap baited with 10 virgin female codling moths. The dispensers were at trap height and 70 cm from the edge of each trap. Trap catches of released male codling moths in three test areas were compared simultaneously when trees in each of the test areas contained unbaited dispensers, dispensers with 1 mg of codlemone containing 1% isomers, and dispensers with 1 mg of a test communication disruptant. When the test disruptant was an equilibrium mixture of codlemone and its isomers (61% codlemone, 39% isomers), the percent communication disruption was 86.8% compared to 68.7% for codlemone (P 〈 0.001). When the disruptant was (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (94%EZ, 3%EE), the percentage disruption was 86.4% compared to 62.7% for codlemone (P 〈 0.002). These results show that the previously reported superior disruptant potency (relative to codlemone) of compositions containing codlemone with a high percentage of isomers was not a result of the proximity of the dispensers to the traps. The percent disruption of compositions of codlemone with 10 and 20% isomers was also determined. A plot of percentage disruption versus logarithm of percentage of nonpheromone isomers in the mixture from 1% to 97% gave a straight line withR 2=0.93.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sabulodes caberata Guenée ; Sabulodes aegrotata Guenée ; omnivorous looper ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene ; (Z)-9-nonadecenekw] ; n-nonadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A 6,9-nonadecadiene, (Z)-9-nonadecene, andn-nonadecane were identified in extracts of sex pheromone glands of femaleSabulodes caberata Guenée. Potential pheromonal activity of gland components was assessed by electroantennogram measurements of gas-chromatographic fractions of abdominal tip extracts. Chemical identification was based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of parent compounds, hydrogenation products, ozonolysis products, dimethyl disulfide adducts, and synthesis. The monoene was synthesized via coupling of alkyl and acetylenic intermediates. (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadiene (Z6,Z9-19∶H) was synthesized from methyl linoleate via chain lengthening. SyntheticZ6,Z9-19∶H had the same retention times on polar and nonpolar capillary gas-chromatographic columns as the 6,9-nonadecadiene from the sex pheromone glands. In field testsZ6,Z9-19:H alone produced trap catch of maleS. caberata and addition of (Z)-9-nonadecene orn-nonadecane had no effect on trap catch.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Cydia caryana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; dodecanol acetate ; (E, E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; (E, Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of the sex pheromone glands of femaleCydia caryana were evaluated by electroantennography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These studies suggested the following compounds were potential sex pheromone components: (Z)-8- and/or (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (50 pg/female), dodecyl acetate (40 pg/female), and (E, E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate (25 pg/female). In field tests only the diene produced trap catch, and when the other components were added to the diene, trap catch was not increased. When the diene was formulated in red natural rubber septa, only transient and low catches were obtained, but when gray halobutyl isoprene elastomeric septa were used, high and consistent catches were obtained for eight weeks. Catches depended on the ratio of (E, E)-8,10 to (E, Z)-8,10 isomers. High catches were obtained for anEE toEZ ratio of 100 ∶ 0.6, and insignificant catches were obtained when the ratio was 100 ∶ 3. Equivalent catches were obtained for dosages of 50, 100, and 200 μg/septum.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Yponomeuta malinellus ; sex pheromone ; apple ermine moth ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When electroantennographic responses of maleYponomeuta malinellus Zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3–30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–12∶Ac). Also, strong responses were obtained from (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11–14∶A1) and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Zl1–14∶OH). At a dosage of 0.3 ng,Z11–14∶A1 produced a stronger response thanZ11–14∶OH, while at a dosage of 30 ng,Z11–14∶OH andZ11–14∶A1 produced equal responses. Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of extracts of female sex pheromone glands showed the presence ofZ9–12∶Ac, tetradecan-1-ol (14∶OH), (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (E11–14∶OH),Z11–14∶OH, hexadecan-1-ol, and hexadecan-1-ol acetate in a ratio of 0.6∶200∶37∶100∶140∶35. In field tests,Z9–12∶Ac andZ11–14∶OH together were required for trap catch, and addition ofZ11–14∶A1,E11–14∶OH, 14∶OH, or (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate did not increase catch. Ratios in rubber septa of 0.5∶99.5 to 1.5∶98.5 (Z9–12∶ Ac/Z11–14∶OH) captured the most males and captures were statistically equivalent for dosages of 10–1000 μg/rubber septum. Traps baited with the synthetic lure produced better catches than those baited with females.
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