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  • 1
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words. egg volatiles — caste- and colony-specific odour — chemical analysis — Dufour's gland pheromones — hydrocarbons — chemical communication — Hymenoptera — Apidae —Bombus terrestris L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. In the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L., we investigated whether a chemical signal corresponding to the egg-marking in honey bees occurs, and whether the pattern of volatiles encodes caste-, colony- or even individual-specific information. Volatile compounds were obtained by surface extraction of individual eggs with pentane. The resulting complex mixtures were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Major classes of identified compounds were n-alkanes, n-alkenes and n-alkadienes comprising approximately 95% of the extracted volatile material. In addition, small amounts of methyl-branched alkanes, ethyl esters, methyl esters, wax type esters and acetates were present. Eggs produced by queens and individual workers showed significantly different compositions of volatiles. Furthermore, the volatile patterns were found to be colony-specific. Egg-odours contained all compounds identified in the Dufour’s glands and some additional components. Therefore, females very likely mark eggs with excretions of Dufour’s gland, however, other glands may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Melitta haemorrhoidalis ; Melitta leporina ; Nomada flavopicta ; Dufour gland ; octadecyl butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses have been performed with the help of combined capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry on volatile secretions emanating from the Dufour glands of femaleMelitta haemorrhoidalis andM. leporina and heads of maleNomada flavopicta, a nest parasite of theMelitta species. It was found that the cephalic secretions ofN. flavopicta males have definite similarities with the Dufour gland secretions of the two species ofMelitta. They all contain octadecyl butyrate as a major component. Monounsaturated alcohols of different chain lengths are also present in the secretions. Beside these compounds,Melitta has some other esters, notably C12-, C14-, C16-, and C20-butyrates as well as C12- and C16-acetates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 437-449 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Colletes spp ; bees ; mandibular gland secretion ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Uinalool was identified as the main component of the mandibular gland secretion in females and males of four species ofColletes bees, viz.,C. cunicularius, C. daviesanus, C. impunctatus andC. succinctus. It was also shown to be the dominant volatile compound in the same gland in maleC. floralis (the female of this species has not yet been investigated). Further, in another species,C. similis, linalool is present in the mandibular gland secretions of females and males, but the dominant volatile component in these secretions is geranial, together with neral. Females of the speciesC. fodiens seem to lack monoterpenes altogether; nonadecane is the dominant volatile compound of the cephalic secretion (based on analysis of a single individual). When linalool is put out in the area of nest aggregation ofC. cunicularius, where the males are “patrolling”, a distinct increase in flight activity is noted. The function of linalool is discussed on the basis of field observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 253-268 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: bees ; volatile secretions ; marking ; mass spectrometry ; isoprenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The volatile material which emanates from the Dufour gland of femaleAndrena bees has been examined in 13 species. In 11 of these, all-trans-farnesyl hexanoate is the dominating compound, whereas in two species geranyl octanoate is the largest component of the volatile secretion. Either of these two terpene esters were also found as major component in the cephalic secretion of some maleNomada bees. Bees of the genusNomada are nest parasites onAndrena. The chemical identification was carried out by capillary gas chromatography using a splitter-free intake system, alone and in combination with mass spectrometry. Some farnesyl and geranyl esters were prepared in the course of the work by reacting terpenol and acid with CDI (N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole). The secretion is thought to serve as a nest marking.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enantiomer discrimination ; male patrolling ; odor marking ; Hymenoptera ; Apoidea ; Andrena wilkella ; bee ; EAG ; spiroacetal ; absolute configuration ; 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diastereomers of the spiroacetal, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane, represent main components of the cephalic secretion from males of the solitary bee,Andrena wilkella. The major compound proved to be of high enantiomeric purity, showing (2S,6R,8S) configuration. Only the naturally occurring enantiomer attracted patrolling males in the field; its antipode was behaviorally inactive and in a racemic mixture did not inhibit response. The (E,Z) diastereomers were also found to be almost inactive. EAG studies gave the same result as the behavioral tests. The biological function of the spiroacetal is discussed in view of the evolution of the mating behavior inA. wilkella.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 427-436 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; mandibular gland ; linalool ; Colletes ; mate attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the vernal ground nesting bee,Colletes cunicularius, actively search their nesting aggregations for emerging virgin females. Males often detect and unearth preemergent virgin males and females which have not yet dug up to the soil surface. Field experiments indicate that the odors from one unmated individual are sufficient to both excite males and direct their excavation of the virgin bee. A volatile component of this species' mandibular gland secretion, linalool, increases flight activity and directs local search behavior in aerially patrolling males. Linalool is detectable by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in association with the digging activities of either sex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 197-208 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Halictine bees ; Hymenoptera ; Halictidae ; Evylaeus melachurum ; E. carneiventre ; E. politum ; Dufour's gland secretion ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; macrocyclic lactones ; species specificity ; individual specifity ; kin specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The compositions of Dufour's gland secretions of four sympatric halictine bee species were chemically studied by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The secretion is composed of C16-C24 macrocyclic lactones, isopentenyl esters, and hydrocarbons. Comparative analyses have revealed that the blends of compounds are species specific. Studies of individual glands belonging to bees of the speciesEvylaeus malachurum have demonstrated that each bee exhibits a specific blend in its Dufour's gland. Nestmate bees (considered as sister bees), however, are more similar to each other than nonrelated bees. The relative importance of species specificity, individual specificity, and similarities between kins are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2001-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0169-5347
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8383
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1977-06-03
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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