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1

Digitale Medien

Olfaction in Lepidoptera (1995)

Hansson, B. S.

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 1003-1027

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Schlagwort(e): Olfaction ; olfactory receptor neuron ; sensillum ; antenna ; antennal lobe ; glomerulus ; pheromone ; kairomone ; host odour ; Lepidoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract Odours play a very important role in the life of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera. In the present paper, a review is given of the current knowledge of morphology, development and function of the olfactory system in larval and adult moths and butterflies. Research regarding both the antennal and accessory olfactory pathways, as well as both the pheromone and the host odour detecting systems, is reviewed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946910

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2

Digitale Medien

Attraction of male spruce budworm moths,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), to pheromone-baited traps in small-tree thinnings (1984)

Jennings, D. T. ; Frank, R. M. ; Houseweart, M. W.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 125-133

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987649

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3

Digitale Medien

Relative kairomonal activities of 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones in eliciting oviposition behavior from parasiteNemeritis canescens (Grav.) (1984)

Mudd, A. ; Walters, J. H. H. ; Corbet, S. A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1597-1601

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones ; ovipositionEphestia kuehniella Zeller [syn.Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)] ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canenscens (Grav.) [syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)] ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The relative activities of sixteen 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones from the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia (=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller in causing the parasiteNemeritis (=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) to make oviposition movements are reported.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988427

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4

Digitale Medien

Potential for evolution of resistance to pheromones: Interindividual and interpopulational variation in chemical communication system of pink bollworm moth (1984)

Haynes, K. F. ; Gaston, L. K. ; Pope, M. Mistrot ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1551-1565

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; mating disruption ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,E)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; cotton ; pheromone collection

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract After an extensive examination of the release rates and blend ratios of pheromonal components emitted by field-collected femalePectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), we find no evidence of resistance to pheromones applied to cotton fields to disrupt mating. Females from fields with 3–5 years of exposure to disruptant pheromones as well as those from fields with only minimal exposure to disruptant pheromones emitted (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at a rate of ca. 0.1 ng/min and (Z,E)7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at ca. 0.06 ng/min. The ratio of pheromonal components was much less variable than the measured emission rate and was centered about a 61:39Z, Z to Z,E ratio. In contrast to the blend ratio emitted by females, the composition of the pheromonal blend used in monitoring populations and disrupting mating is centered about 50:50 Z,Z to Z.E. In general there was a remarkable consistency in the release rate and blend ratio among populations of females throughout southern California and those from a laboratory colony. It would appear that, although resistance to theP. gossypiella pheromone is still a very real possibility when it is used heavily in pest management as a mating disruptant, there are current agricultural practices and conditions which would hinder its development.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988424

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5

Digitale Medien

Structure-activity relationships between stimulus molecule and response of a pheromone receptor cell in turnip moth,Agrotis segetum (1984)

Liljefors, Tommy ; Thelin, Bernt ; Pers, Jan N. C.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1661-1675

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Structure-activity relationships ; single-cell recordings ; turnip moth ; Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; molecular shape ; dipole moments

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The response of an antennal receptor cell of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, was recorded during stimulation with a series of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate analogs with structural variations of the acetate group. The investigated receptor cell is known to be highly selective to (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. All parts of the acetate group were found to be of great importance for full biological activity. The results indicate very strict requirements on the shape of the polar functional group, as well as on its electron distribution for a successful interaction with the antennal receptor cell.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987353

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6

Digitale Medien

Plant-determined variation in the cardenolide content, thin-layer chromatography profiles, and emetic potency of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L. Reared on milkweed plants in California: 2.Asclepias speciosa (1984)

Brower, L. P. ; Seiber, J. N. ; Nelson, C. J. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 601-639

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asdepias speciosa ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; cardiac glycosides ; desglucosyrioside ; labriformin ; labriformidin ; syriogenin ; uzarigenin ; emetic potency ; emesis

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The pattern of variation in gross cardenolide concentration of 111Asclepias speciosa plants collected in six different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution which ranges from 19 to 344 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 90 μg per 0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats ranged from 41 to 547 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 179 μg. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 54 to 1279 μg with a mean of 319 μg. Differences in concentrations and total cardenolide contents in the butterflies from the six geographic areas appeared minor, and there were no differences between the males and the females, although the males did weigh significantly more than females. The uptake of cardenolide by the butterflies was found to be a logarithmic function of the plant concentration. This results in regulation: larvae which feed on low-concentration plants produce butterflies with increased cardenolide concentrations relative to those of the plants, and those which feed on high-concentration plants produce butterflies with decreased concentrations. No evidence was adduced that high concentrations of cardenolides in the plants affected the fitness of the butterflies. The mean emetic potencies of the powdered plant and butterfly material were 5.62 and 5.25 blue jay emetic dose fifty units per milligram of cardenolide and the number of ED50 units per butterfly ranged from 0.28 to 6.7 with a mean of 1.67. Monarchs reared onA. speciosa, on average, are only about one tenth as emetic as those reared onA. eriocarpa. UnlikeA. eriocarpa which is limited to California,A. speciosa ranges from California to the Great Plains and is replaced eastwards byA. syriaca L. These two latter milkweed species appear to have a similar array of chemically identical cardenolides, and therefore both must produce butterflies of relatively low emetic potency to birds, with important ecological implications. About 80% of the lower emetic potency of monarchs reared on A. speciosa compared to those reared onA. eriocarpa appears attributable to the higher polarity of the cardenolides inA. speciosa. Thin-layer Chromatographie separation of the cardenolides in two different solvent systems showed that there are 23 cardenolides in theA. speciosa plants of which 20 are stored by the butterflies. There were no differences in the cardenolide spot patterns due either to geographic origin or the sex of the butterflies. As when reared onA. eriocarpa, the butterflies did not store the plant cardenolides withR f values greater than digitoxigenin. However, metabolic transformation of the cardenolides by the larvae appeared minor in comparison to when they were reared onA. eriocarpa. AlthoughA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa contain similar numbers of cardenolides and both contain desglucosyrioside, the cardenolides ofA. speciosa overall are more polar. ThusA. speciosa has no or only small amounts of the nonpolar labriformin and labriformidin, whereas both occur in high concentrations inA. eriocarpa. A. speciosa plants and butterflies also contain uzarigen, syriogenin, and possibly other polar cardenolides withR f values lower than digitoxin. The cardenolide concentration in the leaves is not only considerably less than inA. eriocarpa, but the latex has little to immeasurable cardenolide, whereas that ofA. eriocarpa has very high concentrations of several cardenolides. Quantitative analysis ofR f values of the cardenolide spots, their intensities, and their probabilities of occurrence in the chloroform-methanol-formamide TLC system produced a cardenolide fingerprint pattern very different from that previously established for monarchs reared onA. eriocarpa. This dispels recently published skepticism about the predictibility of chemical fingerprints based upon ingested secondary plant chemicals.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994224

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7

Digitale Medien

Metabolism of uscharidin, a milkweed cardenolide, by tissue homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus L. (1984)

Marty, Melanie A. ; Krieger, Robert I.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 945-956

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Cardenolide ; uscharidin ; metabolism ; monarch butterfly ; Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; milkweed ; Asclepias ; N-demethylation ; mixed function oxidase ; monooxygenase

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Midgut and fat body homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera:Danaidae), were examined for microsomal monooxygenase activity usingp-chloro-N-methylanilineN-demethylation and for the ability to metabolize a milkweed (Asclepias spp.) cardenolide (C23 steroid glycoside), uscharidin. All homogenates tested had bothN-demethylation and uscharidin biotransformation activities. Both transformations required NADPH. The monooxygenase inhibitors sesamex, SKF525A, and carbon monoxide inhibitedN-demethylation but not uscharidin biotransformation. Subsequent subcellular fractionation revealed the uscharidin biotransformation occurs in the soluble fraction and not the microsomal fraction, whileN-demethylation occurs in the microsomal fraction and not the soluble fraction. The larval NADPH-dependent microsomal monooxygenase apparently is not involved in the metabolism of uscharidin.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987975

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8

Digitale Medien

Novel type of sex pheromone structure identified fromStigmella malella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) (1995)

Tóth, Miklós ; Szöcs, Gábor ; Nieukerken, Erik J. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 13-27

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Stigmella malella ; Stigmella crataegella ; Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) melanoptera ; Lepidoptera ; Nepticulidae ; sex pheromone ; (S)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (S)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (R)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol ; (R)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Short-chain unsaturated chiral methyl carbinols are identified as a new class of lepidopteran pheromone components. The natural female-produced pheromone of the banded apple pigmyStigmella malella (=Nepticula malella) (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) was identified to be a mixture of (S)-(E)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol and (S)-(Z)-6,8-nonadien-2-ol. For monitoring traps, a 10:3E:Z blend at 100–1000 µg is recommended. It is suggested that pheromones with similar structures may be specific to Nepticulidae and other related microlepidopteran families.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033659

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9

Digitale Medien

Identification of a novel moth sex pheromone inEriocrania cicatricella (Zett.) (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) and its phylogenetic implications (1995)

Zhu, Junwei ; Kozlov, Mikhail V. ; Philipp, Peter ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 29-43

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Eriocrania cicatricella ; Eriocrania sparrmannella ; Eriocraniidae ; Lepidoptera ; sex pheromone ; EAG ; GC-EAD ; mass spectrometry ; synthesis ; evolution ; (Z)-4-hepten-2-one ; (2R)-heptan-2-ol ; (2R)-(Z)-4-hepten-2-ol

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Extracts from different body parts of adult femaleEriocrania cicatricella (Zett.) were tested for electrophysiological activity on conspecific male antennae. Extracts from the Vth abdominal segment, containing a pair of exocrine glands, elicited the largest electroantennographic response when compared to extracts of other body parts. Female extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (EAD). The EAD active peaks were identified as (Z)-4-hepten-2-one, (2R)-heptane-2-ol, and (2R)-(Z)-4-hepten-2-ol by coinjection on a gas chromatography and by comparison of mass spectra with those of synthetic standards. In field tests, a blend of these three pheromone components was highly attractive to conspecific males, and a subtractive assay confirmed that the unsaturated alcohol is the major pheromone component, whereas no definite behavioral activity could be assigned to the ketone or the saturated alcohol. A bait containing the two alcohols withS-configuration was attractive to maleE. sparrmannella (Bosc), whereas no males ofE. cicatricella were found in these traps. The sex pheromone compounds inE. cicatricella are chemically similar to pheromones reported in Trichoptera and they are produced in homologous glands.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033660

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10

Digitale Medien

Chemical and experiential basis for rejection ofTropaeolum majus byPieris rapae larvae (1995)

Huang, Xin Pei ; Renwick, J. A. A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1601-1617

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Tropaeolum majus ; nasturtium ; feeding deterrent ; chlorogenic acid ; habituation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Rejection of nasturtium,Tropaeolum majus, by cabbage-reared larvae ofPieris rapae has been explained by the presence of feeding deterrents in the nastrutium foliage. Sensitivity to the deterrents develops as neonate larvae feed on cabbage. The most prominent deterrent compound, which is present in nasturtium at a concentration of 40 mg/100 g fresh leaves, was identified as chlorogenic acid. When neonate larvae were fed on a cabbage leaf treated with high concentrations of deterrent-containing extracts of nasturtium foliage, they remained insensitive to the deterrents, so they accepted nasturtium when transferred as second instars. When neonate larvae were reared on a cabbage leaf treated with 0.1 mg chlorogenic acid, ca. 35% of the second instars accepted nasturtium. Similar dietary exposure of neonates to the subunits of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and quinic, acid resulted in much less or no effect on the rejection behavior of second instars. The results suggest that the combined effects of specific chemical constituents of nasturtium can explain the rejection of this plant by larvae ofP. rapae, but if larvae are continuously exposed to these compounds immediately after hatching, they apparently become habituated to the feeding deterrents. The lack of activity of the subunits of chlorogenic acid suggests that specific structural features are necessary for a dietary constituent to cause such habituation or suppression of sensitivity development.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035155

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11

Digitale Medien

Role of volatile inforchemicals emitted by feces of larvae in host-searching behavior of parasitoidCotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A behavioral and chemical study (1995)

Agelopoulos, Nicky G. ; Dicke, Marcel ; Posthumus, Maarten A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1789-1811

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Volatile infochemicals ; kairomone ; host feces ; parasitoid ; Cotesia rubecula ; host-searching behavior ; Brassica oleracea gemmifera ; Pieris rapae ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris napi ; Lepidoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The role of volatile infochemicals emitted by feces of larvae in the host-searching behavior of the parasitoidCotesia rubecula was evaluated during single- and dual-choice tests inside a wind tunnel. The following treatments were tested: feces produced by second and fourth instars ofPieris rapae (preferred host), second instars ofP. brassicae (inferior host), second instars ofP. napi (nonhost), and wet feces of second instars ofP. rapae. During a single-choice situation females ofC. rubecula oriented to all types of feces tested. When a preference was to be made,C. rubecula preferred feces of second instars ofP. rapae over that of fourth, feces ofP. rapae over that ofP. brassicae, feces ofP. napi over that ofP. brassicae, and wet over normal host feces. No preference was exhibited between feces of second instars ofP. napi and that of second instars ofP. rapae. The relative importance of infochemicals from host feces versus plant damage caused by host larvae to the searching behavior ofC. rubecula was also evaluated. Plant damage was more important to the searching females than host feces when feces were present in specific concentrations in relation to damage. The volatiles released by normal and wet feces of second instars ofP. rapae, wet feces of fourth instars ofP. rapae, and normal and wet feces ofP. brassicae were collected and identified. Overall, 85 chemical compounds were recorded belonging to the following chemical groups: alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, isothiocyanates, sulfides, nitriles, furanoids, terpenoids and pyridines. The blend of chemicals emitted by feces of different instars ofP. rapae and different species ofPieris exhibited an instar and species specificity in both quantity and quality. Wetting of normal feces increased the amount of volatile chemicals released, and it was also responsible for the appearance of new compounds. The role of feces of larvae in the host-seeking behavior ofC. rubecula is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033677

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12

Digitale Medien

Egg dispersion in codling moth: Influence of egg extract and of its fatty acid constituents (1995)

Thiéry, Denis ; Gabel, Bruno ; Farkas, Pavel ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 2015-2026

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Behavior ; Cydia pomonella ; oviposition ; pheromone ; synomone ; insect ; offspring dispersion ; fatty acids ; egg age ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Codling moth females (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (CM) usually lay single eggs and have a tendency to disperse. In a first experiment we observed that single females exposed to 20 apples distribute their eggs regularly among apples, suggesting a dispersive oviposition behavior. In a dual-choice situation, isolated females avoided oviposition on areas of cardboard treated with a methylene dichloride egg extract at the dose of ca. 1.0 egg equivalent/cm2. A strong avoidance was obtained in response to a 20-fold dose, which was accompanied by a significant reduction of total oviposition. Seven major compounds found by GC analyses in the methylene dichloride extract of 2 to 3-day-old eggs were saturated or unsaturated C14-C18 straight-chain fatty acids: myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. This was confirmed by GC-MS analysis of an extract made by ethyl ether. Smaller amounts of three methyl esters were also identified as methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. A blend of the seven fatty acids (FA) mimicked rather well the avoidance provoked by the extract, and this avoidance was confirmed by choice between treated and untreated fruits by single females. The treatment of apples with the 7FA mixture induced an aggregative distribution of the eggs among apples. We also found that the amounts of fatty acids harvested in the extract depend on the egg age. Amounts of fatty acids increased until eggs were 4 days old and then decreased before hatching. In this paper we discuss the possible role of simple molecules, such as fatty acids and their esters, as semiochemicals indicative of juvenile tissues.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033859

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13

Digitale Medien

Differences in sex pheromone communication systems of closely related species:Spodoptera latifascia (walker) andS. descoinsi lalannecassou & silvain (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1995)

Monti, Laurence ; Lalanne-Cassou, Bernard ; Lucas, Philippe ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 641-660

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Spodoptera latifascia ; Spodoptera descoinsi ; pheromones ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate ; sexual activity rhythms ; cross-attraction ; electrophysiology ; reproductive isolation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract S. latifascia andS. descoinsi are closely related species that occur sympatrically over limited areas in French Guiana. We examined allopatric populations,S. latifascia originating from Barbados andS. descoinsi from French Guiana. Studies on nocturnal activity cycles showed temporal partitioning of female calling behavior, male sexual activity, and mating behavior.S. descoinsi were sexually active in the first half of the scotophase whereasS. latifascia were sexually active in the second half. Seven compounds (Z9–14: Ac,Z9,E12–14: Ac,Z11–16: Ac,E9,E12–14: Ac,Z9–14: Ald,Z9,E11–14: Ac andZ11–14: Ac) were identified in females of bothS. latifascia andS. descoinsi extracts.Z9–14: Ac was a main pheromone component for the two species. The major difference between the pheromones ofS. latifascia andS. descoinsi was the proportion ofZ9,E12–14: Ac in the extracts: 7% forS. latifascia and 42% forS. descoinsi. The proportion ofZ9,E12–14: Ac relative to the sum ofZ9–14: Ac andZ9,E12–14: Ac in individual gland extracts was 4±1% (mean ± standard deviation) forS. latifascia and 44.8±6% forS. descoinsi. Electrophysiological studies showed no major differences between species in the morphology and physiology of the pheromone receptors of males. Receptors were identified forZ9–14: Ac andZ9,E12–14: Ac, but no receptor was found for the other compounds. In the wind tunnel, synthetic blends withZ9–14: Ac andZ9,E12–14: Ac gave the same behavioral responses as conspecific female extracts for the males of the two species. Some cross-attraction was observed with synthetic blends and female extracts. Nethertheless, previous field trapping experiments in French Guiana were species-specific and suggested differences in the attractivity of males. In the laboratory,S. latifascia andS. descoinsi could hybridize in both reciprocal crosses. FemaleS. descoinsi × maleS. latifascia mating rate was significantly lower than for the reciprocal cross, and 26.7% of femaleS. descoinsi could not separate from maleS. latifascia after mating. These copulatory problems may involve genital incompatibilities between males and females. Several barriers against interbreeding betweenS. latifascia andS. descoinsi seem to combine including differences in nocturnal activity cycles, pheromone differences, and genital barriers. The study of sympatric populations will be necessary to define the role of sex pheromones in the reproductive isolation ofS. latifascia andS. descoinsi.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033707

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14

Digitale Medien

Alkyl ether and enol ether analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum: probing a proposed bioactive conformation for chain-elongated analogs (1995)

Gustavsson, Anna-Lena ; Liljefors, Tommy ; Hansson, Bill S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 815-832

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Agrotis segetum ; (Z)-5-decenyl acetate ; pheromone analogs ; structure-activity ; chain-elongated analogs ; enol ethers ; alkyl ethers ; single-sensillum recordings ; receptor interaction ; molecular mechanics ; MM2 ; MM3

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In order to test a previous conclusion that chain-elongated analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate(1), a pheromone component of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, adopt a loop conformation of the terminal alkyl chain in the bioactive conformation, a series of alkyl ether and enol ether analogs of1 and (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate(2) have been synthesized and tested using singlecell electrophysiology. In these analogs a methylene group in positions 7 and 9 of1 and in positions 7 and 11 in2 have been replaced by an oxygen atom in order to energetically facilitate the formation of a loop conformation in the chain-elongated analogs. The electrophysiological results in combination with molecular mechanics (MM2 and MM3) calculated conformational energies show that the activity decreases of the chain-elongated ether analogs are significantly smaller than that for2 and that these activity decreases parallel the conformational energies for a loop formation of the terminal chains in the analogs. The results support our previous conclusion that the terminal chain of chain-elongated analogs of1 adopts a loop conformation in their bioactive conformations.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033463

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(Z)6, (E)8-Heneicosadien-11-One: Synergistic Sex Pheromone Component of Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (1997)

Gries, Gerhard ; Slessor, Keith N. ; Gries, Regine ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 19-34

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; Orgyia pseudotsugata ; tussock moth ; (Z)6,(Z)9-heneicosadien-11-one ; (Z)6,(E)8-heneicosadien-11-one ; (Z)6,(Z)9-heneicosadien-11-one ; sex pheromone ; synergism

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Three candidate sex pheromone components, (Z)6,(Z)9-, (Z)6,(E)8-, and (Z)6,(E)9-heneicosadien-11-one (Z6Z9, Z6E8, and Z6E9) were identified in pheromone gland extracts of female Douglas-fir tussock moths (DFTM), Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough). Their occurrence in subnanogram quantities in extracts and structural conversion during analytical procedures and bioassays complicated chemical identifications. Complete identification required comparative analyses of stereoselectively synthesized and female-produced dienones by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS). Determination of the pheromone component was contingent upon an experimental design that minimized structural rearrangement of dienones before and during the field test. In a 40-min field experiment, acetonitrile solutions of each of the above dienones were carried on Dry Ice to traps and were syringed onto cotton release devices below trap lids. In combination with the previously known sex pheromone component of DFTM, (Z)6-heneicosen-11-one (Z6), Z6E8 was the only synergistic dienone and the mixture was highly attractive. Because Z6 by itself attracts seven species of tussock moths (two sympatric with DFTM), a blend of Z6 and Z6E8 may impart specificity to DFTM pheromone communication. In commercial lures, this binary blend may facilitate species-specific, sensitive monitoring and efficacious control by mating disruption of this important forest defoliator.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006343.38471.c7

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Digitale Medien

Response of Egg Parasitoid Telenomus busseolae to Sex Pheromone of Sesamia nonagrioides (1997)

Colazza, Stefano ; Rosi, M. Cristiana ; Clemente, Ambra

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2437-2444

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Scelionidae ; corn ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; semiochemicals ; Y-tube olfactometer ; kairomone

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The olfactory cues involved in the host-finding behavior of Telenomus busseolae Gahan, a solitary egg parasitoid of the corn stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre), were studied. The female wasp was attracted to odors from calling virgin females of S. nonagrioides in a Y-tube olfactometer. No response was elicited by noncalling virgin female moths and/or mated female moths. A four-component commercially available sex pheromone of the corn borer was also tested, as were the individual components of the mixture. T. busseolae respond to the whole blend [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and dodecyl acetate in the ratio of 8.5:1:1:2]. Z11–16:OH was the only compound that elicited no significant activity. These results suggest that the sex pheromone released by the host female S. nonagrioides is used by T. busseolae as an indirect cue to locate egg masses of this host.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006657.11973.27

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17

Digitale Medien

Oviposition Stimulants for Sulfur ButterflyColias erate poliographys: Cyanoglucosides as Synergistis Involved in Host Preference (1997)

Honda, Keiichi ; Nishii, Wataru ; Hayashi, Nanao

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 323-331

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Oviposition stimulants ; Colias erate ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Trifolium repens ; Leguminosae ; cyanoglucosides ; linamarin ; lotaustralin

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Host-plant chemicals stimulating oviposition by a Leguminosae-feeding pierid butterflyColias erate poliographyswere isolated and identified from one of its primary host plants, white clover (Trifolium repens). Females readily deposited eggs in response to methanolic extracts of the plant, and subsequent partition of the extracts with organic solvents revealed that chemical constituents critical for host recognition reside in the water-soluble fraction. Further fractionation of the hydrosoluble fraction by column chromatography led to the separation of an active fraction and two cyanoglucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin. Conspicuous oviposition response was evoked by unidentified polar compound(s), while these cyanoglucosides exerted no stimulatory activity by themselves. However, ovipositing females preferred samples containing either of the two cyanoglucosides. In dual-choice bioassays, significantly more eggs were laid on samples admixed with the cyanoglucosides, suggesting that the cyanoglucosides serve as synergistic oviposition stimulants and could play an important role in host selection.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006362.96722.c9

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18

Digitale Medien

Semiochemical-Mediated Location of Host Habitat by Apanteles carpatus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Clothes Moth Larvae (1997)

Takács, Stephen ; Gries, Gerhard ; Gries, Regine

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 459-472

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Apanteles carpatus ; Tinea pellionella ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Tineidae ; semiochemicals ; coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection ; host-habitat location ; tritrophic interactions ; geranylacetone ; nonanal

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, adult Apanteles carpatus (Say), were attracted to beaver or rabbit pelts infested with larvae of the casemaking clothes moth (CCM)Tinea pellionella L. Porapak Q-captured volatiles from a CCM-infested beaver pelt were also very attractive, whereas isolated CCM larvae or larval feces were not. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q volatile extract revealed two compounds that elicited responses by A. carpatus antennae. Coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS) in electron impact and chemical ionization modes of these compounds indicated, and GC-MS and GC-EAD of authentic standards confirmed, that they were nonanal and geranylacetone. While each compound singly did not attract A. carpatusa 1:1 blend of both compounds was as attractive as the volatile extract. Because these compounds are host habitat-derivedA. carpatus must be a habitat rather than host specialist, responding to kairomonal indicators of localized and specific habitats such as animal hair or feather. The tritrophic interaction between A. carpatusits clothes moth hosts and their animal-derived habitats is similar to the well-studied relationship between parasitoids of insect herbivores and their host plant habitats.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006371.64333.c2

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19

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Seasonal Variation of Pheromone Concentration in Mating Disruption Trials Against European Grape Vine Moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Measured by EAG (1997)

Karg, Gerhard ; Sauer, Arne E.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 487-501

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromone concentration ; mating disruption ; electroantennogram ; vineyard ; plume structure ; fluctuations ; plant canopy

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Spatial and temporal distributions and relative concentrations of the pheromone of the European grape vine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were measured in mating disruption trials with electroantennograms. Measurements were carried out over several years during the flight season of the two generations of this pest insect. In three consecutive years significantly higher mean relative pheromone concentrations were measured in summer during the flight of the second generation of L. botrana than in spring during the flight of the first generation (P 〈 0.001). The relative pheromone concentrations in 1989 reached a maximum between late July and early August, when the highest mean daily temperatures were registered. In addition to the differences in mean relative pheromone concentrations, the spatial and temporal distributions of the pheromone differed significantly between spring and summer. EAG recordings taken in summer showed high, uniform pheromone concentrations in the treated plots, whereas in spring strong temporal and spatial fluctuations were recorded. In a vineyard defoliated by a hailstorm, the mean relative pheromone concentrations measured in summer were not significantly different from those measured in spring (P 〉 0.05), but were significantly lower than those of a nearby intact vineyard (P 〈 0.001). The results provided additional evidence that foliage is an important parameter determining mean pheromone concentrations and temporal and spatial distribution of pheromone in mating disruption trials.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006373.19897.eb

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Digitale Medien

Identification of Sex Pheromones of Leucania anteoclara Sm. and Leucania commoides Gn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) (1997)

Byers, J. R. ; Herle, C. E.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 473-485

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Leucania anteoclara ; Leucania commoides ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl aldehyde ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcohol ; seasonal flight period ; abundance

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone components of two species of Leucania that occur sympatrically in western Canada were identified in abdomen-tip extracts from calling female moths. (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate was the main component and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate the second component in both species. The third component necessary for specific attractancy was (Z)-11-hexadecenyl aldehyde for L. anteoclara and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcohol for L. commoides. The third component for each species was an attractant inhibitor when added as a fourth component to the attractant blend for the reciprocal species. The most effective synthetic blend for the attraction of males in the field was Z9–14:Ac/Z11–16:Ac/Z11–16:Ald in a ratio of 1:10:4 for L. anteoclara and Z9–14:Ac/Z11–16:Ac/Z11–16:OH in a ratio of 5:4:1 for L. commoides.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006372.82259.58

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21

Digitale Medien

Reinvestigation of Female Sex Pheromone of Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): No Evidence for Minor Components (1997)

Quero, Carmen ; Malo, Edi A. ; Fabriàs, Gemma ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 713-726

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Thaumetopoeidae ; minor component ; single cell recording ; behavior

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The female sex pheromone of the processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa has been reinvestigated to look for possible minor components. Examination by GC-MS and GC-EAD of the contents of virgin female glands, after stimulation with PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide), showed that the major component, (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate (1), appears to be the only pheromone compound present in the gland. Comparison of female attractivity with that of the natural extract and synthetic (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate showed that this chemical is able to elicit a similar activity to that displayed by virgin females in a wind tunnel. In single cell recording experiments, two specialist receptor cell types were found in the trichoid sensilla. One cell type was tuned to enyne acetate 1. The other one was tuned to (Z,Z)-11,13- hexadecadienal and (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynal, the major components of the pheromone blend of other Thaumetopoea spp., and constitutes a further example of interspecific inhibitor receptor cells. Our results show that the processionary moth may not need minor components for successful mate recognition.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006406.30444.69

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22

Digitale Medien

Sex Pheromone Components of the Apple Leafminer, Lyonetia prunifoliella (1997)

Gries, Regine ; Gries, Gerhard ; King, G. G. Skip ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1119-1130

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Lyonetiidae ; Lyonetia prunifoliella ; Perileucoptera coffeella ; Lyonetia clerkella ; Leucoptera malifoliella ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene ; 5,9-dimethyloctadecane ; 5,9-dimethylheptadecane

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Three methylated hydrocarbons, 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy = 5Me9Me-17-ene-18Hy), 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (5Me9Me-18Hy), and 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (5Me9Me-17Hy), are synergistic sex pheromone components of the leafminer Lyonetia prunifoliella. Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), and one compound, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, also by coupled GC–mass spectrometry. In field trapping experiments, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, 5Me9Me-18Hy, and 5Me9Me-17Hy singly were unattractive to males but in ternary combination attracted numerous male moths. Attractiveness of the three-component blend significantly exceeded that of two-component blends. No attraction of males to pheromone lures without 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy indicates that this compound is essential for pheromone communication of L. prunifoliella. Common C-5 and C-9 methyl branches in lyonetiid pheromone hydrocarbons suggest a common biosynthetic pathway; the presence of 5Me9Me-17Hy and 5Me9Me-18Hy in pheromone blends of L. prunifoliella and Leucoptera malifoliella provides evidence for phylogeny of lyonetiid chemical communication. Determination of the stereoisomeric composition is required to completely describe the pheromone blend of L. prunifoliella and to support the hypothesis of phylogenetically related sex pheromones.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006390.43868.3b

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Digitale Medien

Sequestration and Metabolism of Host-Plant Flavonoids by the Lycaenid Butterfly Polyommatus bellargus (1997)

Geuder, Martina ; Wray, Victor ; Fiedler, Konrad ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1361-1372

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Polyommatus bellargus ; Lepidoptera ; Lycaenidae ; Coronilla varia ; Fabaceae ; flavonoids ; sequestration ; insect–plant interactions

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus bellargus were reared on leaves of Coronilla varia that are rich in flavone C-glycosides. Six flavonoids including isovitexin and isoorientin, as well as several of their congeners were isolated and identified by spectroscopic means. Comparative HPLC analysis of the host plant and of larvae, pupae, and imagines of P. bellargus indicated selective uptake of isovitexin versus isoorientin derivatives. Isovitexin-2″-O-xyloside was the major flavonoid detected in pupae and in imagines of P. bellargus. Several minor components were tentatively identified as quercetin- and kaempferol-O-glycosides based on their on line-UV spectra and by comparison with known standards. Since leaves of the host plant accumulate exclusively flavones, the flavonol glycosides are considered to be biotransformation products that are formed by the insects and/ or by symbiotic bacteria. Imagines of P. bellargus caught in the wild exhibited similar flavonoid patterns compared to imagines reared in the laboratory. Within the imagines, approximately 80% of all flavonoids are stored in the wings (especially in the orange submarginal lunules), whereas the remaining 20% resides in the bodies. Female butterflies show a significantly higher flavonoid concentration than males. It is suggested that the sequestered flavonoids are involved in visual mate recognition.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006469.00557.69

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24

Digitale Medien

A Genetic Analysis of Population Differences in Pheromone Production and Response Between Two Populations of the Turnip Moth,Agrotis segetum (1997)

LaForest, Siana ; Wu, Wenqi ; Löfstedt, Christer

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1487-1503

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Turnip moth ; Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; genetics ; population variation ; pheromone production ; behavioral response

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The genetic basis of the differences in female pheromone blend ratio and male behavioral response in the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, was examined by crossing individuals derived from Scandinavian and Zimbabwean populations. These two populations differ both in the ratio of the three major female pheromone components,Z5–10:OAc,Z7–12:OAc, andZ9–14: OAc and in the behavioral response of the males in both wind-tunnel and field-trapping assays. The female pheromone blend in this study is treated as the log ngZ5–10:OAc/ngZ7–12:OAc and log ngZ9–14:OAc/ngZ7–12:OAc for statistical analysis. The mean log ngZ5–10:OAc/ngZ7–12:OAc, is under control by a major autosomal factor or factors, but it is unclear what genetic factor or factors may control the mean log ngZ9–14:OAc/ngZ7–12:OAc. Frequency distributions of the proportions of each component show wide individual variation and also suggest control ofZ5–10:OAc andZ7–12:OAc by major autosomal factors, which forZ5–10:OAc may show partial dominance. Analysis of male behavioral response to synthetic blends in the wind tunnel yields inconclusive results, but suggests thatA. segetum may have a broad window of response that reflects the range of individual variation in female blends.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006417.71996.46

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25

Digitale Medien

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Mediate Host-Plant Recognition by Ovipositing Females of an Old World Danaid Butterfly, Idea leuconoe (1997)

Honda, Keiichi ; Hayashi, Nanao ; Abe, Fumiko ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1703-1713

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Oviposition stimulants ; Idea leuconoe ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; Parsonsia laevigata ; Apocynaceae ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; parsonsianine ; parsonsianidine ; 17-methylparsonsianidine

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract A giant danaid butterfly, Idea leuconoe, specializes on apocynaceous plants such as Parsonsia laevigata, which has been reported to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Females of I. leuconoe deposited eggs in response to methanolic extract of P. laevigata, and subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract revealed that phytochemicals crucial for host recognition by ovipositing females are Parsonsia-specific macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids including parsonsianine, parsonsianidine, and 17-methylparsonsianidine. Parsonine, another P. laevigata pyrrolizidine component with a keto-dihydropyrrolizine moiety that is closely related in structure to male pheromones of the butterfly, and several nonhost pyrrolizidine alkaloids were entirely inactive. We interpret these data as strong evidence for an ancestral association through herbivory between danaid butterflies and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006445.61545.82

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26

Digitale Medien

Growth Inhibitory, Insecticidal, and Feeding Deterrent Effects of (12Z, 15Z)-1-Acetoxy-2-Hydroxy-4-Oxo-Heneicosa-12,15-Diene, a Compound from Avocado Fruit, to Spodoptera exigua (1997)

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar ; Millar, Jocelyn G. ; Trumble, John T.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1819-1831

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera exigua ; Persea americana ; avocado ; idioblast cells ; persin ; (12Z,15Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-12,15-diene ; Lepidoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract We isolated and identified (12Z,15Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12,15-diene (persin) from avocado as a compound toxic to Spodoptera exigua larvae. Persin was obtained from oil extracted from the specialized idioblast cells of avocado fruit. When tested for activity using neonates in no-choice artificial diet bioassays, persin at concentrations of 200 μg/g inhibited growth; larvae gained only ∼50% of the weight attained by control insects after seven days. At concentrations of 400 μg/g or above, larval growth was reduced by 〉70% as measured by weight gain, and significant mortality occurred. In choice tests, persin at concentrations of 400 μg/g or higher deterred feeding, with significantly more larvae being found on control diet than on persin-treated diet. Possible applications of persin as a natural insecticide are discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006453.40940.a8

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27

Digitale Medien

Optimization of Pheromone Dispensers for Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (1997)

Môttus, E. ; Nômm, V. ; Williams, I. H. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2145-2159

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Plutellidae ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; Plutella xylostella L. ; diamondback moth ; sex pheromone ; dispenser ; cabbage ; pheromone evaporation rate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract We have investigated the effects of pheromone dispenser design, pheromone release rate, and the products of Z11–16:Ald decomposition on the attractiveness of the pheromone blend (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol) in traps to Plutella xylostella males. Rubber minidispensers (K-50) were shown to have an active exposure time of at least two months and in delta traps to be capable of monitoring a population of P. xylostella throughout the summer in Estonia. Pheromone release rates between 8 and 17 ng/hr are recommended for maximum trap catches. The attractive blend contained 15–35% of Z11–16:Ac. Decomposition products of Z11–16:Ald inhibited the activity of the pheromone blend when more than 50% of the aldehyde had decomposed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006435.13481.ba

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28

Digitale Medien

Maturation and senescence of an insect chemosensory response (1979)

Seabrook, W. D. ; Hirai, K. ; Shorey, H. H. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 587-594

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Electroantennogram ; acceptors ; Pseudaletia unipuncta ; maturation ; senescence ; age ; benzaldehyde ; benzyl alcohol ; male pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Electroantennogram responses of male and femalePseudaletia unipuncta to the two major components of the presumed pheromone associated with the male anterior abdominal scent brushes vary with age. There is a postemergence period of maturation of responsiveness, followed by senescence. The age of maximum responsiveness differs according to the sex and to the compound tested.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987843

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Specificity of trail markers of forest and eastern tent caterpillars (1979)

Fitzgerald, T. D. ; Edgerly, Janice S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 565-574

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; Malacosoma americanum ; Malacosoma disstria ; Tortricidae ; Archips cerasivoranus ; trail marker ; pheromone ; interspecific response ; tent caterpillar

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Exploratory trails deposited on paper strips by the forest tent caterpillar (FTC),Malacosoma disstria Hubner, and the eastern tent caterpillar (ETC),M. americanum (Fabricius), as well as extracts of these trails, readily elicited interspecific trail-following behavior. In 2-choice tests involving simple Y mazes constructed from these paper strips, the caterpillars of both species preferred by approximately 3∶1 the trails of the FTC. Studies involving whole colonies of the ETC maintained under nearnatural conditions in the laboratory, however, indicated that the trails deposited by successful foragers of the ETC as they returned to their tent from feeding sites were more attractive than the exploratory trails of either the ETC or FTC. The pronounced interspecific response of these congeners to each other's trails suggests that they utilize either qualitatively similar or identical trail-marking chemicals. Both species preferred their own trails to those ofArchips cerasivoranus (Fitch) (Tortricidae), providing the first evidence that more distantly related lepidopterous larvae utilize distinct trails.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987841

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30

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Baldcypress allelochemics and the inhibition of silkworm enteric microorganisms Some Ecological Considerations (1981)

Jones, Clive G. ; Aldrich, Jeffrey R. ; Blum, Murray S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 103-114

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Baldcypress ; Taxodium distichum ; 2-furaldehyde ; 2-furoic acid ; Bombyx mori ; Lepidoptera ; Bombycidae ; enteric microbial inhibition ; Bacillus ; Micrococcus ; Arthrobacter ; Mucor ; Curvularia

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Exposure ofBombyx mori larvae to 2-furaldehyde, a major volatile component of baldcypress heartwood,Taxodium distichum, resulted in in vivo inhibition of enteric microorganisms at concentrations (1–47 ppm) that were released naturally from heartwood. The 7 bacterial and 2 fungal enteric isolates were also inhibited in vitro at the same concentrations. It is suggested that inhibition of leaf surface micro-organisms or in vivo inhibition of silkworm enteric microflora, as a result of indirect or direct action of 2-furaldehyde, exacerbates the growth-inhibitory effects of this compound on larvae by reducing the microbial nutritional contribution. The ecological significance of insect enteric microbial inhibition by plant allelochemics is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988638

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31

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Attractant lures for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) Containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (1981)

Greenway, A. R. ; Wall, C.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 563-573

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; lure ; formulation ; antioxidant ; monitoring

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Lures containing different amounts of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were formulated in natural rubber stoppers or polyethylene vials and tested in traps in the field to establish relative attractiveness to males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), dose-response relationships, and the effects of weathering. Initially, both formulations of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were much more attractive than those of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, but their activity diminished considerably after only 5 days in the field because an inhibitor was formed, and polyethylene formulations were not attractive after one week. However, lures containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, with or without antioxidants, in both rubber and polyethylene were still attractive after three months' exposure in the field and are therefore suitable for practical monitoring of pea moth populations.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987704

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32

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Air permeation tests with (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate for reduction in trap catch of peachtree and lesser peachtree borer moths (1981)

Gentry, C. R. ; Bierl-Leonhardt, B. A. ; McLaughlin, J. R. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 575-582

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Peachtree borer ; lesser peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa ; S. pictipes ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; Z,Z-3 ; 13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate sex pheromone ; traps ; air permeation ; trap catch reduction

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Air permeation trials were conducted to determine whether trap catches of the peachtree borer (PTB)Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) and lesser peachtree borer (LPTB)S. pictipes (Grote and Robinson) could be reduced through application of the synthetic pheromone of the PTB, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate (Z,Z-ODDA), at 92% isomeric purity. The pheromone was released into the air of peach orchard test plots with hanging laminated plastic dispensers or hollow fiber dispensers in the trees and by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Results showed that all formulations ofZ, Z-ODDA reduced trap catches of both PTB and LPTB in treated plots relative to catches in traps in untreated plots. In one air permeation experiment, three types of laminated dispensers and one type of hollow fiber dispenser each reduced trap catch of PTB by 93–100% and of LPTB by 75–95%. In a separate test, two formulations of microencapsulatedZ,Z-ODDA did not reduce trap catch of male PTB as effectively as the laminated dispenser; results for LPTB were similar for both the dispensers and microcapsules. Catches of male PTB moths in traps baited with laminated and or fiber pheromone dispensers containing ODDA (94∶6%Z,Z∶E,Z) were not significantly different. LPTB male moths were also captured in these traps, the catches being dependent upon the initial pheromone loading and the type of dispensers.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987705

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33

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Insect sex pheromones: Evaporation rates of alcohols and acetates from natural rubber septa (1981)

Butler, L. I. ; McDonough, L. M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 627-633

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Insect sex pheromones ; insect sex attractants ; Lepidoptera ; pheromones ; pheromone formulations ; insect population monitoring

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The half-lives (t 1/2) of alcohol sex pheromones, 1-alkanols, acetate sex pheromones, and an epoxide (disparlure) were determined on natural rubber septa. Thet 1/2 values for the homologous alcohols from decanol to heptadecanol increased regularly from 2.2 to 1117 days, but thet 1/2 of octadecanol was 609 days. Thet 1/2 values of (Z)7-, (E)7-, and (Z)9-tetradecen-1-ol acetates were 154, 168, and 199 days, respectively, whereas those of five other tested 14-carbon acetates ranged from 310 to 350 days. The dependence oft 1/2 values on chain length and double-bond position is consistent with the hypothesis that molecular size is an important variable affectingt 1/2 values. Also, in accordance with the hypothesis, when aZ-alkenyl compound has a much shortert 1/2 than the corresponding saturated compound, thet 1/2 values of theZ compound and itsE isomer may be quite different. Thus, (E)-9-tetradecen-l-ol acetate had at 1/2 of 331 days. Thet 1/2 of disparlure was 180 days. The effect of thecis-7,8 epoxide group is apparently similar to that of the olefin group in lowering thet 1/2 below the value that would be expected solely on the basis of chain length.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987710

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Relative efficiency of sticky and cylindrical electrical grid traps in capturingSpodoptera exigua (1981)

Rabson, M. S. ; Mitchell, E. R.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 733-740

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Beet armyworm ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone trap ; trap efficiency ; Pherocon 1C trap ; population monitoring

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The relative efficiency of sticky traps and cylindrical electrical grid traps for capturing male beet armyworm moths,Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was studied using night vision equipment. The sticky and grid traps captured 34 and 40%, respectively, of the insects which oriented to them. The grid trap's capacity was limited only by the size of the receptacle (3.8-liter bucket) at the base of the funnel. The maximum capacity of the sticky trap was ca. 110 insects, and the efficiency of this trap declined rapidly when captures exceeded 50% capacity. This decline was caused by the physical blockage of the sticky surface by the captured insects. There was no evidence to indicate that captured males had any repelling effect on other males subsequently attracted to the sticky trap.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990305

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35

Digitale Medien

Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)

Nordlund, Donald A. ; Lewis, W. J. ; Gross, H. R. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 909-917

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; biological control ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host density

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley females exhibit success-motivated searching after oviposition. The stimulatory effect of contact with host eggs makes host-egg density an important factor in determining the appropriate strategy for behavioral manipulation, using kairomones, that simulate host seeking, in biological control programs. Host eggs can be used, in conjunction with kairomones or by themselves, to improve the performance of these important beneficial insects.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987616

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Ultrastructure of a scent scale organ with pressure discharge in male Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis (Fldr.) (Lepidoptera: Brassolidae) (1977)

Wasserthal, Lutz Thilo ; Wasserthal, Wiltrud

Springer

Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 87-103

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Schlagwort(e): Scent scales ; Lepidoptera ; Secretion discharge ; Gland cells ; Insect cuticle

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Summary The abdominal scent apparatus of male Caligo eurilochus was examined at different ages by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The glandular epithelium is covered with specialized scales and forms a pad on each side of the 4th to 6th abdominal segments. The pads are surrounded by smooth, elastic cuticle and can protrude toward the opposite hind wing hair pencil. The scales have a poreless cuticle with a fibrillar texture. They are impregnated by an oily, slowly volatile substance. The scales are elongated toward the base, forming hoods over the long coneshaped sockets. The scale pedicel is anchored tension-free by rootlets in the central socket base. The slightly asymmetric cuticular sockets are very elastic, due to their high water content. They are stabilized by internal epicuticular rods. The release of the secretions from the cell and a possibly active microvillar transport is discussed. Different secretions are found in the space between the microvillar surface of the gland cell and the socket floor. They are probably discharged from the supraglandular space into the scale lumen by means of pressure and bending of the sockets. A flowback might be prevented by capillary effect of a “ball” of vesicles, which lies exactly above the outlet of the scale pedicel.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221121

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37

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Ductin, a component of the V-ATPase, is developmentally regulated in Heliothis virescens midgut, and anti-ductin antibodies label lateral membranes (1997)

Pietrantonio, Patricia V. ; Gill, Sarjeet S.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 97-108

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Schlagwort(e): Key words: Plasma membrane ; Goblet cell ; Gap junction ; 16-kDa proteolipid ; Lepidoptera ; Larvae ; V-ATPase ; Heliothis virescens (Insecta)

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract. We previously cloned from Heliothis virescens a 16-kDa protein that is homologous to other ductin sequences. We also reported its immunolocalization with a specific affinity-purified anti-peptide antibody in the midgut and Malpighian tubule of feeding larvae, and concluded that the cloned proteolipid encodes the V-ATPase proton-transporting subunit c from the V0 sector. We now present the immunolocalization of this protein in the midgut during the L4-L5 larval molt and early post-ecdysis into the fifth instar in H. virescens. The results show that the spatial expression of the 16-kDa protein is developmentally regulated. Labeling by anti-peptide antibody varies during the molt in the midgut goblet cell apical plasma membrane and the goblet cell apical valve. Epifluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed strong anti-ductin labeling in areas of cell-to-cell contact during the molt, and during early post-ecdysis into the fifth larval instar. The characteristic labeling pattern observed in areas of cell-to-cell contact is consistent with the claimed involvement of ductins in gap junctions. Conclusive evidence for the presence of the 16-kDa protein in areas of cell-to-cell contact in the midgut of feeding larvae is, however, lacking. V-ATPase regulation during the molt was also investigated by simultaneous immunohistochemistry with an anti-B subunit antiserum, a probe for the V1 sector.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050855

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Effect of pheromone concentration on organization of preflight behaviors of the male gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar(L.) (1984)

Hagaman, T. E. ; Cardé, R. T.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 17-23

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; preflight male behavior ; (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane ; (+)-dis-parlure ; wing-fanning

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) in a wind tunnel at 24° respond to decreasing dosages (1 μg to 0.1 pg) of (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane with a decrease in probability of wing-fanning, an increase in wing-fanning latency, and an increase in the number of behaviors (body jerks, antennal twitches, steps, and wing tremors) preceding fanning. Males initiating any behavior prior to wing-fanning had a 70% probability of wing-fanning and 97% of the males that wing-fanned eventually flew. The sequence of behaviors from quiescence to flight is not organized in a hierarchy, as this concept is used in ethology, nor is it dependent upon the concentration of pheromone. The time-average threshold concentration of pheromone for response of ca. 90% or more quiescent males is ca. 1.9 × 10−17 g/cm3 over 〈 0.3 min.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987639

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Evaluation of time-average dispersion models for estimating pheromone concentration in a deciduous forest (1984)

Elkinton, J. S. ; Cardé, R. T. ; Mason, C. J.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1081-1108

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pheromone dispersion ; active space ; Sutton model ; Gaussian plume model ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The Sutton and more recent Gaussian plume models of atmospheric dispersion were used to estimate downwind concentrations of pheromone in a deciduous forest. Wind measurements from two bivane anemometers were recorded every 12 sec and the pheromone was emitted from a point source 1.6 m above ground level at known rates. The wingfanning response of individually caged male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) at 15 sites situated 20 to 80 m downwind was used to monitor when pheromone levels were above threshold over a 15-min interval. Predicted concentrations from these Gaussian-type models at locations where wing fanning occurred were often several orders of magnitude below the known behavioral thresholds determined from wind tunnel tests. Probit analyses of dose-response relationships with these models showed no relationship between predicted dose and actual response. The disparity between the predictions of concentration from these models and the actual response patterns of the male gypsy moth in the field was not unexpected. These time-average models predict concentrations for a fixed position over 3-min or longer intervals, based upon the dispersion coefficients. Thus the models estimate pheromone concentrations for time intervals appreciably longer than required for behavioral response.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987515

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Identification of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni, predicted from biosynthetic precursors (1984)

Bjostad, L. B. ; Linn, C. E. ; Du, J. -W. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1309-1323

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; biosynthesis

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In addition to the previously identified components (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, sex pheromone glands ofTrichoplusia ni release (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Bioassays in a flight tunnel showed that a synthetic blend of these six compounds elicited complete flights to the source from 95% of the males tested and elicited hairpenciling responses at the end of the flights from 88% of the males tested. This blend was not significantly different from intact pheromone glands, which elicited complete flights to the source from 98% of the males tested and hairpenciling responses from 91% of the males tested. In contrast, the previously identified two-component blend elicited significantly fewer complete flights to the source (33%) and did not elicit hairpenciling responses from any of the males tested. The search for additional sex pheromone components was prompted by our previous identification of unusual fatty acyl moieties in the gland that seemed to be possible biosynthetic intermediates.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988113

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41

Digitale Medien

Role of pheromone components in evoking behavioral responses from male potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1984)

Toth, M. ; Bellas, T. E. ; Rothschild, G. H. L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 271-280

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Potato tuberworm moth ; Phthorimaea operculella ; (E,Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl acetate ; (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-tridecatrienyl acetate ; insect sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Responses of the male potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), to two sex pheromone components and female crude extract were studied. Both in a wind tunnel and the field, males were better able to locate a source consisting of a 1∶1 mixture of (E,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-1-yl acetate and (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-tridecatrien-1-yl acetate than a source consisting of the triene alone. The addition of the diene increased the time spent in the vicinity of the pheromone source, time spent on the source itself, and also increased the average number of visits to the source per individual when compared to the triene alone. The triene elicited high levels of locomotor activity and may play a major role in eliciting earlier (long-range) steps in the behavioral sequence of sexually activated moths. The diene appeared to influence later (short-range) behavior. The behavioral responses of males to a 1∶1 mixture of the diene and triene were similar to those elicited by female crude extract.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987855

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42

Digitale Medien

Host selection byBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L. (1984)

Odell, Thomas M. ; Godwin, Paul A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 311-320

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; Blepharipa pratensis ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; host selection ; contact chemical ; parasite behavior

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The host selection process ofBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L., was investigated. Once in the host's habitat, and following contact with a recently damaged leaf edge (cut, torn, eaten), the fly orients perpendicular to the edge and moves back and forth with the front tarsi grasping the damaged edge. Oviposturing (oviposition intention) may occur. Leaf exudates appear to arrest the fly on the leaf and increase tarsal examination (searching). If an edge of a gypsy moth-eaten leaf is contacted, oviposition usually occurs. Significantly more eggs are laid when host-browsed foliage is encountered, compared to mechanically cut or damaged foliage, indicating response to a cue left by the host during feeding. The number of host-damaged leaf clusters in an area significantly enhances oviposition there; in field-cage tests, significantly more eggs (7911) were laid in simulated-crown areas with all clusters browsed, compared to the adjacent areas containing 1/2 browsed (4200 eggs) and undamaged clusters (2209 eggs). A host selection sequence is suggested and discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987859

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Sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1984)

Greenway, A. R.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 973-982

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Laspeyresia nigricana Steph. ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; single-ion monitoring ; electroantennography ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), was identified as (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) (approximately 0.1 ng/abdominal tip), in vacuum distillates of virgin female abdominal tips and volatiles emitted by calling females, from its chemical properties and capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data. SyntheticE,E8,10–12∶Ac and the natural pheromone elicited similar quantitative electrophysiological and behavioral responses from male moths. Other related compounds which also attract male moths in the field,viz., (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienal, were not detected in the pheromone andE,E8,10–12∶Ac was not found in male moths.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987506

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44

Digitale Medien

Potential uses of kairomones for behavioral manipulation ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (1984)

Loke, W. H. ; Ashley, T. R.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1377-1384

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia ; (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; kairomone ; parasitism

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The effects of kairomone pattern and preconditioning on parasitization rates of fall armyworm larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) byCotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris (Cresson) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse using a hexane extract of frass and actual fall armyworm frass. Parasitization rates increased 55 and 26% in Petri dishes and on corn seedlings, respectively, when the entire experimental area was sprayed with the frass extract. Applying the extract in spots resulted in a 20–30% reduction in parasitization compared to treating the entire area. However, spot application produced significantly better parasitization rates compared to the control treatment. Exposing the parasitoids to actual fall armyworm frass resulted in ca. 50% greater retention in the release area and an increase of ca. 60–75% in the number of parasitoids searching.C. marginiventris parasitized factitious hosts topically treated with an extract of fall armyworm frass.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988119

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Filbertworm sex pheromone (1984)

Davis, H. G. ; McDonough, L. M. ; Burditt, A. K. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 53-61

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Melissopus latiferreanus ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; filbertworm ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; conjugated diene isomerization

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol acetates were identified in a 1∶4.3 ratio in the extract of abdominal tips of female filbert-worm moths,Melissopus latiferreanus (Walsingham). The identifications were based on electroantennogram (EAG) analysis, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ozonolysis, and synthesis. TheE,Z isomer produced the stronger EAG response. In the field tests of various ratios ofE,E∶E,Z, the ratio found in the extract captured the most males. The pureE,E isomer initially was not attractive by itself (〈0.1%E,Z) but became attractive after a few days, presumably because of isomerization. TheE, Z isomer (〈0.1%E,E) was attractive initially, but this compound might have isomerized faster than theE,E isomer. A study of the isomerization showed that regardless of the initial mixture of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate isomers, almost complete equilibration existed after one month. The equilibrium mixture consisted of 9%Z8,E10, 65%E8,E10, 23%E8,Z10, and 3%Z8,Z10. Concentrations in rubber septa (1∶4 ratio ofE,E toE,Z) of 0.03–3.0 mg/septum produced equivalent trap catches.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987643

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New sex attractants for 35 tortricid and 4 other lepidopterous species, found by systematic field screening in the Netherlands (1984)

Booij, C. J. H. ; Voerman, S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 135-144

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex attractants ; field screening ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; dodecen-1-ol ; dodecen-1-ol acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Most of the known sex attractants and pheromones found for Tortricidae attract species of the subfamily Tortricinae. In order to find more sex attractants for species of the subfamily Olethreutinae, about 60 one- and two-component lures were screened for attractancy in different biotopes in the Netherlands. Most of the chemicals tested were straight-chain dodecen-1-ols and their acetates. The species captured belonged to the following families and subfamilies: Tortricinae (5), Olethreutinae (30), Noctuidae (2), Gelechiidae (1), Gracillariidae (1). Some of the species captured are recorded as pest species in forestry:Epinotia tedella, Gypsonoma aceriana, Cydia strobilella, C. zebeana, Petrova resinella, Blastesthia turionella, andB. posticana.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987650

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Sex attractant for currant clearwing mothSynanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (1984)

Voerman, S. ; Persoons, C. J. ; Priesner, E.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1371-1376

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Synanthedon tipuliformis ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The currant clearwing moth,Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a pest in many parts of the world. In field tests it was found that (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate attracts males of this species. The synthesis of this compound and of its geometrical isomer (Z,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate is described.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988118

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48

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Behavior of processionary males (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) induced by sex pheromone and analogs in a wind tunnel (1995)

Quero, Carmen ; Camps, Francisco ; Guerrero, Angel

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1957-1969

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Thaumetopoeidae ; behavior ; wind tunnel

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The behavioral response of processionary males (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) to the natural pheromone (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate (1) and structurally related analogs in a wind tunnel is presented. Stereomerically pureZ-1 and a mixture with theE isomer in 80:20 ratio elicited similar attraction responses at 1 µg and higher. The activity was dose-dependent, being optimum at 1 µg with 90% and 80% of males contacting with the source in the presence of theZ-1 andZ/E-1, respectively. 11-Hexadecynyl acetate (2) functioned as a pheromone mimic, being able to induce the complete mate-finding behavioral sequence, although its activity was much lower than that of the pheromone. (Z)-13-Hexadecen-11-ynyl alcohol (3) and, particularly, (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynal (4) were potent inhibitors of the upwind flight response in mixtures withZ-1 in 99:1, 95:5, and 91:9 ratios. (Z)-1,1,1-Trifluoro-16-nonadecen-14-yn-2-one (5) also inhibited the response of males to pheromone, particularly in the source contact behavior. Comparison with activity displayed by analogs in field tests is also reported.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033855

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Sequestration of lichen compounds by lichen-feeding members of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) (1995)

Hesbacher, Sonja ; Giez, Ingrid ; Embacher, Gernot ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 2079-2089

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Arctiidae ; Lepidoptera ; lichens ; lichen compounds ; HPLC ; sequestration ; chemical defense

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract A survey for the presence of sequestered lichen compounds in 103 wild-caught imagines representing eight different genera and 16 different species of the Arctiidae was conducted. Known lichen compounds were detected for the first time in 24 of the analyzed specimens (representing five different genera and 11 different species) based on their HPLC retention times and on their UV-absorption spectra. The anthraquinone parietin, the depside atranorin, as well as a hydrolytic cleavage product of the latter were among the lichen compounds most frequently detected in wild-caught imagines. The observed variation of sequestered lichen compounds in wild-caught imagines with unknown feeding history may be due to several reasons. Lack of lichen compounds in imagines may have been caused, for example, by larvae feeding on lichens with no or only minute amounts of phenolic products. The age of the specimens analyzed may also influence the results obtained. Avoidance of lichen compounds by selective feeding on those parts of lichen thalli that have no or little lichen products may be another reason for the lack of lichen compounds in imagines. Preliminary feeding experiments conducted with larvae ofEilema complana, for example, indicated that the larvae fed exclusively on the algal layer and cortex of the lichenCladonia pyxidata, whereas the medulla, which is rich in fumarprotocetrarie acid, was avoided. As expected, imagines hatching from the larvae were free of this lichen compound. Any ecological role of the sequestered lichen compounds for the herbivores is unknown. It is possible, however, that sequestered lichen compounds may be utilized for the chemical defense of arctiid moths or against microbial pathogens.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033864

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Chemical nature of larval osmeterial secretions of papilionid butterflies in the generaParnassius, Sericinus andPachliopta (1995)

Honda, Keiichi ; Hayashi, Nanao

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 859-867

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Osmeterial secretion ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; Parnassiinae ; Papilioninae ; Parnassius glacialis ; Sericinus montela ; Pachliopta aristolochiae ; aliphatic acid and ester ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Volatile components of the larval osmeterial secretion ofParnassius glacialis (Parnassiinae, Parnassiini) consisted of isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, and their methyl esters. In contrast, the osmeterial exudate ofSericinus montela (Parnassiinae, Zerynthiini) was characterized as monoterpene hydrocarbons comprisingβ-myrcene (Major),α-pinene, sabinene, limonene, andβ-phellandrene, whereas that ofPachliopta aristolochiae (Papilioninae, Troidini) was composed of numerous sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, includingα-himachalene,α-amorphene, and germacrene-A, and a few oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. In these three species, the chemical nature of the secretions of the last and the penultimate instars was essentially of similar quality, suggesting that the three genera,Parnassius, Sericinus, andPachliopta, are assigned to homogeneous types.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033466

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51

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Development and Pheromone Communication Systems in Hybrids of Agrotis ipsilon and Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1997)

Gadenne, Christophe ; Picimbon, Jean-Francois ; Becard, Jean-Marc ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 191-209

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Agrotis ipsilon ; Agrotis segetum ; hybridization ; pheromone ; diapause ; migration ; sexual isolation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Hybrids were obtained by crossing males of the turnip moth Agrotis segetum, which has a period of arrested development in the larval stage, with females of the migrant and nondiapausing black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon. No progeny were obtained by crossing females of A. segetum with males of A. ipsilon. Backcrosses were successful only by crossing hybrids with both sexes of A. ipsilon. No larval oligopause occurred when hybrid larvae were reared under conditions inducing arrest in A. segetum (12L:12D, 21°C). Wind tunnel tests showed interattractiveness of F1 hybrids with A. ipsilon but not with A. segetum. Single sensillum recordings of pheromone-sensitive hairs on the antennae of males of the parent species revealed differences in the distribution of sensilla. F1 and F2 hybrids exhibited the same receptor cell types and distribution as A. ipsilon. Gas chromatographic analysis of female pheromone gland extracts revealed that F1 hybrids were also very close to A. ipsilon.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006354.75569.c9

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Resolution of Pheromonal Epoxydienes by Chiral HPLC, Stereochemistry of Separated Enantiomers, and Their Field Evaluation (1997)

Qin, Xu-Rong ; Ando, Tetsu ; Yamamoto, Masanobu ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1403-1417

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Chiral HPLC ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; epoxydiene ; stereochemistry ; Mosher's method

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Resolution of insect pheromonal cis-epoxydiene racemates derived from (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-trienes with a C18–C23 chain was examined utilizing chiral HPLC columns, and the result showed that a Chiralpak AS column was suitable to separate enantiomers of the 3,4-epoxides, and a Chiralpak AD column was indispensable for the resolution of the racemic 6,7- and 9,10-epoxides. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers of the 3,4- and 9,10-epoxides separated by HPLC was studied after methanolysis of their epoxy rings. Examination of the 1H NMR data from esters of the methoxyalcohols produced by a modified Mosher's method with (S)- and (R)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid indicated that the dextrorotatory parent epoxides with a shorter R t were 3S,4R and 9S,10R isomers and the levorotatory enantiomers having a longer R t possessed 3R,4S and 9R,10S configuration. Field tests with both enantiomers of (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxynonadecadiene separated by HPLC with the chiral column revealed new specific attraction of geometrid forest defoliators, Pachyerannis obliquaria, to the 3R,4S isomer and Zethenia albonotaria nesiotis to the 3S,4R isomer.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006472.12370.c6

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53

Digitale Medien

Individual Variation and Repeatability of Sex Pheromone Emission of Female Turnip Moths Agrotis segetum (1997)

Svensson, Mats G. E. ; Bengtsson, Marie ; Löfqvist, Jan

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1833-1850

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; (Z)-5-decenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; individual variation ; repeatability ; effluvia entrainment

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Individual variation of the female sex pheromone signal in Agrotis segetum was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The individuals varied extensively, both in absolute and relative amounts of the three major pheromone components; Z5–10:OAc, Z7–12:OAc and Z9–14:OAc. Within individuals there was a strong correspondence between the sex pheromone gland content and the signal actually emitted. Both pheromone amounts and proportions of components were correlated with effluvia and extracts; with coefficients of 0.55 for total amounts and 0.66 for proportions. In addition, the repeatability of emitted pheromone components by individual females over three calling periods was high, with correlation coefficients between 0.43 and 0.72. Variation among individual females, however, was observed. There were no significant differences between wild-collected and laboratory-reared females in average ratios of the major pheromone components in pheromone gland extracts, only in total amounts. The biological significance of the inter-individual variation among females is discussed in the context of population dynamics and sexual selection.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006454.84415.5f

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Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of Nettle Caterpillar, Setothosea asigna (1997)

Sasaerila, Yorianta ; Gries, Gerhard ; Khaskin, Grigori ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2187-2196

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Setothosea asigna ; nettle caterpillar ; Limacodidae ; Lepidoptera ; sex pheromone ; (E)-9-dodecenal ; (E)-9,11-dodecadienal ; oil palm ; Elaeis guineensis

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of female nettle caterpillar, Setothosea asigna, pheromone gland extracts revealed seven antennally active compounds. Based on their retention indices on three fused silica columns (DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210), these compounds were hypothesized and, through comparative GC, GC-EAD and GC-mass spectrometry with authentic standards, confirmed to be Δ10-undecenal, dodecanal, (E)-9-dodecenal (E9–12:Ald), (Z)-9-dodecenal, (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-9,11-dodecadienal (E9,11–12:Ald), and (E)-9,11-dodecadienol. E9–12:Ald and E9,11–12:Ald were most abundant in female S. asigna pheromone extracts. In field trapping experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic E9–12: Ald and E9,11–12:Ald at a 1:1 ratio, but not singly, attracted S. asigna males. Attractiveness of these two aldehydes could not be enhanced further through the addition of their corresponding alcohols and/or other aldehydic candidate pheromone components. Use of E9–12:Ald and E9,11–12:Ald for pheromone-based monitoring of S. asigna populations will require lure formulations that minimize pheromone degradation by ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric oxidation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006438.03728.1a

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55

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Morphology of the prothoracic defensive gland ofSchizura concinna (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera:Notodontidae) and the nature of its secretion (1979)

Weatherston, J. ; Percy, J. E. ; MacDonald, L. M. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 165-177

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Schizura concinna ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; prothoracic ; defensive gland ; allomone ; defensive secretion ; decyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; 2-tridecanone

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The larval defensive gland ofSchizura concinna (J.E. Smith) is situated in the thorax and consists of two sacs joined by an interglandular neck. Its orifice opens into a transverse invagination of the integument at the cervical margin of the prosternite. The major component of the defensive secretion, formic acid, was identified as itsp-bromophenacyl ester. Ancillary components decyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, and 2-tridecanone from the anterior portion of the gland were identified by GLC and GS-MS.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988232

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56

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Sex pheromone of the black cutworm moth,Agrotis ipsilon (1979)

Hill, A. S. ; Rings, R. W. ; Swier, S. R. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 439-457

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Insect sex pheromone ; insect attractant ; Agrotis ipsilon ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; black cutworm moth ; Cucullia intermedia ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (I) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (II) have been identified as sex pheromone components of the black cutworm moth,Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). They are emitted by the female in approximately a 5∶1 ratio. Differential saturation studies with male antennae suggest that there are two different acceptor sites for the two pheromone components. The most effective lures found in field trapping tests were 30 μg of I plus 10 μg of II on a rubber septum, and a 3∶1 mixture of I and II dispensed from a 0.2-mm-ID glass capillary tube sealed at one end.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987929

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In vitro maintenance of the sex pheromone gland of the female Indian meal mothPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) (1979)

Srinivasan, Asoka ; Coffelt, J. A. ; Oberlander, H.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 653-662

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Tissue culture ; sex pheromone gland ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Plodia interpunctella ; Indian meal moth

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone glands ofPlodia interpunctella were isolated from surface-sterilized donors of different ages, freed of most of the attached gut, oviduct, and other tissues; rinsed in sterile medium; and cultured in 1 ml of culture medium. The sex pheromone gland cells that were cultured for 10 days in either chemically defined Grace's medium or modified Grace's medium appeared normal in histological examinations. Bioassays of extracted medium in which pheromone glands from mature females had been incubated showed that a greater percentage of the available pheromone was recovered from modified Grace's medium than from chemically defined Grace's medium.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986550

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58

Digitale Medien

2-Furaldehyde from baldcypress (1981)

Jones, Clive G. ; Aldrich, Jeffrey R. ; Blum, Murray S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 89-101

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Baldcypress ; Taxodium distichum ; 2-furaldehyde ; Bombyx mori ; Lepidoptera ; Bombycidae ; growth inhibition ; toxicity ; Georgia silkworm industry

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract 2-Furaldehyde was growth inhibitory and toxic to larvae ofBombyx mori at concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Baldcypress,Taxodium distichum, heartwood released this volatile at concentrations in excess of these levels. The adverse effect of this chemical on silkworms may partially account for the demise of the Georgia silkworm industry (circa 1765), after the construction of a baldcypress rearing facility.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988637

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59

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Synthesis of sex pheromone components of the forest tent caterpillar,Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) and of the western tent caterpillar,Malacosoma californicum (Packard) (1981)

Chisholm, M. D. ; Steck, W. F. ; Bailey, B. K. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 159-164

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Synthesis ; isomers ; 5,7-dodecadienal ; sex pheromone ; Malacosoma disstria ; Malacosoma californicum ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract All four geometrical isomers of 5,7-dodecadien-1-ol have been stereoselectively synthesized by using Wittig condensation reactions. (5 Z,7E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol and its corresponding aldehyde are components of the sex pheromone of the forest tent caterpillar. (5 E,7 Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal is a component of the pheromone of the western tent caterpillar. These compounds have been successfully tested in the field.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988643

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60

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Feeding preferences of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) larvae to some host-plant chemicals (1981)

Albert, P. J. ; Jerrett, P. A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 391-402

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Abies balsamea ; feeding stimulants ; feeding deterrents ; feeding preference ; sugars ; glycosides ; amino acids ; organic acids

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Single-choice and three-choice tests were used to determine the relative importance of host-plant chemical extracts in eliciting feeding by spruce bud worm larvae. Water-soluble components of the host trees are the most important and, of these, the sugar and glycoside fractions are the most stimulating. The amino acid and organic base fractions have no apparent effect. The organic acid fractions deter feeding slightly.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995761

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61

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A four-component pheromone blend for optimum attraction of redbacked cutworm males,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (1981)

Struble, D. L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 615-625

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Redbacked cutworm ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone blend ; sex attractant ; parapheromone ; Z-5-decenyl acetate ; Z-5-undecenyl acetate ; Z-5-dodecenyl acetate ; Z-7-dodecenyl acetate ; Z-9-dodecenyl acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Four acetates,Z-5-decenyl acetate,Z-5-,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetates, in microgram ratios of 1∶200∶2∶1 or 1∶200∶6∶2 were excellent, specific sex pheromone blends for capturing male redbacked cutworm moths in cone traps. Blends in ratios of 1∶200∶2∶1 and 2∶200∶2∶1 at 1000 μg/ rubber septum dispenser remained highly effective for 6 weeks under field conditions. The essential minor components,Z-5-decenyl,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetates, became inhibitory at concentrations of about 10% in the blends, and this may be an important general phenomenon in lepidopteran pheromones. Blends involving a parapheromone,Z-5-undecenyl acetate, withZ-5-,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetate, in microgram ratios of 8∶200∶2∶1 or 20∶200∶6∶2 were also excellent specific attractants for this species. TheZ-8-dodecenyl acetate had no obvious effect on the attraction of the redbacked cutworm males.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987709

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62

Digitale Medien

Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: X. Laboratory studies on manipulation of host-finding behavior ofTrichogramma pretiosum riley1 with a kairomone extracted fromHeliothis zea (boddie) moth scales (1981)

Beevers, M. ; Lewis, W. Joe ; Gross, H. R. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 635-648

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; parasitoids ; biological control ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogramma tidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noeturidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The behavioral response ofTrichogramma pretiosum Riley females to the kairomone found inHeliothis zea (Boddie) moth scales is examined.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987711

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63

Digitale Medien

Sex pheromone of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (1981)

Hill, Ada S. ; Roelofs, Wendell L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 655-668

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Saltmarsh caterpillar moth ; Estigmene acrea ; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal ; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal ; (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxy-heneicosadiene ; fall webworm moth ; Hyphantria cunea ; insect sex pheromone ; cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosane ; trans-9,10-epoxyheneicosane ; linolealde-hyde ; linolenaldehyde ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Three compounds have been identified as components of the sex pheromone emitted by females of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury). These are (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). In female tip extract they were found in a ratio of 1∶6∶25, respectively, and in trapped female effluvia the ratio was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Combinations of III with either I or II elicited sustained upwind flight in a wind tunnel, but none of these compounds by themselves did so. There is evidence that the antennal acceptor site for III is chiral.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990299

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64

Digitale Medien

Comparative distribution and persistence of disparlure in woodland air after aerial application of three controlled-release formulations (1981)

Caro, J. H. ; Freeman, H. P. ; Brower, D. L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 867-880

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; controlled release ; laminated dispensers ; hollow fibers ; microcapsules ; atmospheric permeation ; mating disruption ; air concentration

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Disparlure, the gypsy moth sex pheromone, was aerially applied to three plots, using a different controlled-release formulation-gelatin microcapsules, flakes of plastic laminates, or hollow fibers-in each plot. Disparlure concentrations in air were measured intermittently over a 34-day period after application. Measurements were made at four heights above ground: 0.3,2,5, and 10m. Wind speed and air temperature were measured concurrently. Disparlure was emitted from the microcapsules and fibers at very high levels for the first day or two; thereafter, all three formulations produced gradually decreasing aerial concentrations. After 32–34 days, concentrations in all plots ranged from 1.5% to 15.5% of those on the first day, although most of the pheromone remained in the formulations. Results suggest that the effective life of all three formulations for mating disruption by atmospheric permeation would be near 30 days under the test conditions, with fibers likely to have the shortest life. Concentrations varied diurnally throughout the experiment, with highest levels generally between 1400 and 2200 hr each day. Concentrations were highest at the 10-m height with microcapsules and at the 0.3- and 10-m heights with flakes, but were similar at all heights with fibers. Biological implications of the results are presented.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992384

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65

Digitale Medien

Analysis of field-weathered lures containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, a sex attractant for the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (1981)

Greenway, A. R. ; Davis, S. A. ; Smith, M. C.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1049-1056

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; lure ; formulation ; monitoring

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Natural rubber stoppers treated with 1, 3, or 10 mg of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, an attractant for male pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), were exposed in the field during the summer of 1978 and samples analyzed at intervals. The results for all three doses fitted well to first-order loss curves with half-lives of 63.5, 64.7, and 67.3 days, respectively. Thus, lures with an initial dose of 3 mg of the attractant retained approximately 1 mg after 3 months of field exposure; they should therefore maintain a constant level of attractiveness throughout this period because previous field studies showed that moths were equally responsive to fresh lures containing between 1 and 10 mg of the attractant. There was no loss of attractant during the preparation of lures or after 4 months at −15 ° C and only 13% was lost during 3 months of storage at room temperature.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987626

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66

Digitale Medien

Sex pheromone of the tomato looper,Plusia chalcites (ESP) (1981)

Dunkelblum, E. ; Gothilf, S. ; Kehat, M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1081-1088

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Plusia chalcites ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; tomato looper ; sex pheromone identification ; glass WCOT capillary chromatography ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Z-7-dodencenyl acetate ; Z-9-tetra-decenyl acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Z-7-Dodecenyl acetate (A) andZ-9-tetradecenyl acetate (B), in a 5∶1 ratio, have been identified as sex pheromone components of femalePlusia chalcites. In addition, small amounts of dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetate have been found in the abdominal tip extracts. This is the first known Plusiinae species which utilizes a two-component primary sex pheromone system. The most effective lure found in field experiments was a mixture of 1 mg A and 0.2 mg B absorbed on rubber septa.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987630

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67

Digitale Medien

Larval osmeterial secretions of the swallowtails (Papilio) (1981)

Honda, Keiichi

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1089-1113

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Osmeterial secretion ; Papilio larvae ; Lepidoptera ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; aliphatic acid ; ester

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The larval osmeterial secretions of sixPapilio species examined displayed a remarkable qualitative change at the fourth larval ecdysis. The secretions of 4th (penultimate) instar larvae ofP. machaon, P. memnon, P. helenus, P. bianor, andP. maackii principally comprised mono- and/or sesquiterpenoids. The compounds identified from these species included α-pinene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, β-selinene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, germacrene-A, germacrene-B, caryophyllene oxide, methyl 3-hydroxy-n-butyrate, and acetic acid. In contrast, the secretion of 4th larval instar ofP. xuthus, although containing similar terpenic compounds, was accompanied by large amounts of aliphatic acids and their esters: isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate and methyl 2-methylbutyrate. On the other hand, the osmeterial secretions of 5th (last) instar larvae varied little in quality among the six species, and the identified compounds consisted of isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isovaleric acid, the last of which was specific toP. bianor andP. maackii. The chemical alteration of osmeterial exudate synchronized at the final larval ecdysis with the larval morphological change (particularly in body coloration) that appears to be of defensive significance against predators.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987631

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68

Digitale Medien

Attraction and inhibition in moth species responding to sex-attractant lures containing Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate (1977)

Steck, Warren ; Underhill, E. W. ; Chisholm, M. D.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 603-612

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Eurois occulta ; Leucania commoides ; Scotogramma trifolii ; Crymodes devastator ; Mamestra configurata ; sex pheromones ; specificity ; Lepidoptera ; chemical communication

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Sex attractants for several sympatric noctuid moths required Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and additional olefinic compounds (coattractants) for effective, species-specific operation. In nearly all cases at least one of the coattractant compounds for each species functioned as a strong inhibitor of one or more of the other species in the group. It was concluded that species specificity in sex attractants can be achieved through conspecific coattractants which are at the same time transspecific inhibitors.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989080

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69

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Sex pheromone components of the obliquebanded leafroller moth,Choristoneura rosaceana (1979)

Hill, A. S. ; Roelofs, W. L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 3-11

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Choristoneura rosaceana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; obliquebanded leafroller ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (E)-11-− tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecenal

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Previously, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate was reported as the sex pheromone of the obliquebanded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). A mixture of 92% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and 8% (E)-tetradecen-1-yl acetate has been reported as an attractant for this insect. (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol have now been isolated and identified from female tip extracts and shown to be behaviorally active; in addition, there is some evidence for the presence of (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol in these extracts. TheZ∶E ratio for both the acetates and the alcohols in these tip extracts was about 98∶2; the proportion of alcohols was rather variable, but the acetates always predominated. Maximum trap catches fn the field during the course of this study were obtained with 5 mg of 95∶5 (Z)∶(E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetates containing 0.5–10% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (approx. 1%Eisomer) in polyethylene caps. No evidence was found for the presence of (Z)-11-tetradecenal in female tip extracts, and this compound was found to be ineffective in increasing trap catches.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987683

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70

Digitale Medien

Components of the sex pheromone of the female spotted stalk borer,Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Identification and preliminary field trials (1979)

Nesbitt, Brenda F. ; Beevor, P. S. ; Hall, D. R. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 153-163

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Chilo partellus ; spotted stalk borer ; electroantennography ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl formate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract FemaleChilo partellus (Swinhoe) abdominal tip extracts were examined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with simultaneous electroantennographic (EAG) recording from the male moth. Two olfactory stimulants were detected and identified as (Z)-11-hexadecenal (I) and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (II) by their GLC behavior, microchemical reactions, and comparison with synthetic materials. Both compounds were detected in volatiles emitted by the “calling” female moth. Synthetic (Z)-9-tetradecenyl formate, a structural analog of aldehyde (I), also elicited a significant EAG response from the male moth. Field trials carried out in India using synthetic (I) and (II) as bait in water traps showed that compound (I) was highly attractive to maleC. partellus; compound (II) was not attractive, and its addition to (I) significantly reduced trap catches.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987696

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71

Digitale Medien

Sex pheromone cross-attraction among four species of pine tip moths,Rhyacionia species (1979)

Berisford, C. W. ; Harman, D. M. ; Freeman, B. L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 205-210

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Rhyacionia spp. ; tip moths ; sex pheromones ; cross attraction ; pheromone specificity ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Field tests utilizing crude pheromone extracts fromRhyacionia frustrana, R. rigidana, R. subtropica, andR. buoliana showed thatR. subtropica andR. buoliana were mutually attractive.R. frustrana was attracted in low numbers to bothR. subtropica andR. buoliana, butR. subtropica andR. buoliana did not significantly respond toR. frustrana. R. rigidana did not respond to pheromone extracts from any otherRhyacionia spp., nor was it attractive to the others. Cross-attraction occurred among those species which were largely allopatric and shared few tree hosts.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988235

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72

Digitale Medien

Novel sex pheromone components from the fall cankerworm moth,Alsophila pometaria (1984)

Wong, John W. ; Palaniswamy, P. ; Underbill, E. W. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 463-473

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Alsophila pometaria (Harris) ; fall cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone extract from fall cankerworm moths,Alsophila pometaria, attracted conspecific males in field tests. Four EAG-active components were isolated from the extract and identified by GC-MS, highfield PMR spectroscopy, and microchemical techniques asn-nonadecane (I), (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (II), (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene (III), and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetrane (IV). Studies of the behavioral responses of male moths in a flight tunnel to the isolated components showed II, III, and IV were the major components of the sex pheromone. No sex pheromone behavioral responses were observed for I.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988092

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73

Digitale Medien

Role of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate pheromone components in the sexual behavior of the (Z) strain of the european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1984)

Webster, R. P. ; Cardé, R. T.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 9-15

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; European corn ; borer ; pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract A glass tube olfactometer bioassay was used to examine pheromone response of males of the (Z)-pheromone strain ofOstrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The presence of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate at the natural ratio to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97∶3; Z∶E) did not consistently elevate wing-fanning, upwind walking, or clasper extrusion over (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate alone. This bioassay did not reveal the behavioral role of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987638

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74

Digitale Medien

Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations (1984)

Cardé, R. T. ; Hagaman, T. E.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 25-31

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; population densities ; sexual selection ; location strategy

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In high-density populations, the male gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) “appetitive” flight is primarily vertical and within 1–50 cm of tree boles. Preceding location of a female, males land on trees or occasionally tree foliage and walk while wing-fanning. In high-density populations females may mate before calling, often prior to wing expansion or hardening. Additional matings may occur before any or full deposition of egg masses. Virgin females are not coy, whether their wings are unexpanded, or hardened and held rooflike, or whether they are calling or not. They generally mate with the first willing male and do not exercise sexual selection by an acceptance or rejection reaction. The mating structure in dense populations would seem to reduce selective pressure for female emission of and direct male anemotactic flight to attractant pheromone. A low proportion of males “search” appropriate objects, especially tree trunks, in the walking-wing-fanning state. Such males often are successful in locating virgin females before calling commences. This male strategy presumably would not be successful in low population densities.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987640

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75

Digitale Medien

Plant-determined variation in cardenolide content and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus reared on milkweed plants in California (1984)

Brower, L. P. ; Seiber, J. N. ; Nelson, C. J. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1823-1857

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asclepias californica ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; chemotaxonomy ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; calotropagenin glycosides ; calactin ; calotropin ; uscharidin

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Variation in gross cardenolide concentration of the mature leaves of 85Asclepias californica plants collected in four different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution ranging from 9 to 199 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 66 μg/0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats contained a normal distribution of cardenolide ranging from 59 to 410 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 234 μg. Cardenolide uptake by the butterflies was a logarithmic function of plant concentration. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 143 to 823 μg with a mean of 441 μg and also was normally distributed. Populational variation of plant cardenolide concentrations occurs within subspecies, but the northern subspeciesA. c. greenei does not differ significantly from the southernA. c. californica. Generally higher concentrations occur in butterflies from northern populations and in females. No evidence was adduced that cardenolides in the plants adversely affected the butterflies. Low cardenolide concentrations in the leaves and the absence of cardenolides in the latex characterize bothA. californica andA. speciosa, but notA. eriocarpa. Thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems isolated 24 cardenolide spots in the plants, of which 18 are stored by the butterflies. There was a minor difference in the cardenolide spot patterns due to geographic origin of the plants, but as in our previous studies, none in the sexes of the butterflies. UnlikeA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa, A. californica plants lack cardenolides withRf values greater than digitoxigenin. Overall, the cardenolides of bothA. californica andA. speciosa are more polar than those inA. eriocarpa. A. californica plants contain cardenolides of the calotropagenin series including calotropin, calactin, and uscharidin, and the latter is metabolically transformed by monarch larvae to calactin and calotropin. Cardenolides of this series also occur inA. vestita, andA. cordifolia from California, the neotropicalA. curassavica, and the AfricanCalotropis procera, Gomphocarpus spp., andPergularia extenso; they therefore cross established taxonomic lines.A. californica is the predominant early season milkweed in California and may be important in providing chemical protection to the spring generation of monarchs in the western United States.A. speciosa, A. eriocarpa, andA. californica each imparts distinctive cardenolide fingerprints to the butterflies, so that ecological predictions are amenable to testing.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987364

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76

Digitale Medien

Effects of dodecyl acetate andZ-10-tridecenyl acetate on attraction ofEupoecilia ambiguella males to the main sex pheromone component,Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate (1984)

Rauscher, Stefan ; Arn, Heinrich ; Guerin, Patrick

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 253-264

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate ; Z-10-tridecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; behavior ; wind tunnel ; field trapping ; European grape moth ; Eupoecilia ambiguella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Attraction ofE. ambiguella males toZ-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12∶Ac), alone and in combination with dodecyl acetate (12∶Ac) orZ-10-tridecenyl acetate (Z10-13∶Ac) was tested in both wind-tunnel and field experiments. In the laboratory, response toZ9-12∶Ac reached a distinct dosage optimum at which attraction was nearly as good as to live females. Addition of 12∶Ac, a minor component of female glands and effluvia, had no effect at low doses ofZ9-12∶Ac and only marginally improved attraction at the optimum. However, inclusion of 12∶Ac with an overdose ofZ9-12∶ Ac fully restored activity. In the field,Z9-12∶Ac alone was not very attractive at any dose; catches markedly increased by adding 12∶Ac and climbed with increasing dose of each compound up to 10 mg. Optimum ratio ofZ9-12∶Ac to 12∶Ac was 1∶1 to 1∶5. Another compound,Z10-13∶Ac, had the same effect as 12∶Ac in the laboratory and the field but was effective at a lower dose. In the field, inclusion of the synergist permits use of high cap loads to attract more males, perhaps from greater distances.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987853

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77

Digitale Medien

Trimerization ofEarias insulana sex pheromone, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, A phenomenon affecting trapping efficiency (1984)

Dunkelblum, E. ; Kehat, M. ; Klug, J. T. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 421-428

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Earias insulana ; spiny bollworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; trimerization ; Chromatographic analysis ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; mass spectrometry

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone ofEarias insulana, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, may trimerize extensively to form a crystalline trioxane derivative. The structure of the trimer was deduced from its CI-MS and NMR spectra. Capillary GC analysis resulted in the thermal decomposition of the trimer to the monomer. This process could be studied on a 2-m packed column under specific conditions. A convenient separation between the pheromone and its trimer was achieved by TLC. The trimer was inactive in the field, and it has a harmful effect on the performance of the polyethylene dispenser. Material which contains large amounts of the trimer is unsuitable for field use, even if applied at high dosage. The pheromone should be analyzed by NMR or TLC in addition to GC in order to detect the presence of its trimer. The trimerization process is catalyzed by acid which should therefore be completely eliminated from the storing vessels.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988089

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78

Digitale Medien

Eucalyptus oils in larvae of gum emperor moth,Antheraea eucalypti (1984)

Weston, Roderick J.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1489-1496

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Antheraea eucalypti ; Saturniidae ; Lepidoptera ; larval oral ; discharge ; Eucalyptus oils ; monoterpenoids ; sesquiterpenoids

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The ether-soluble portion of the foregut fluid from the larvae ofAntheraea eucalypti (Saturniidae) was found to contain traces (0.1–0.2%) of isoprenoids. The isoprenoids were those that were major components of the oils from the leaves of theEucalyptus species on which the larvae fed and were also soluble in the foregut fluid. This observation demonstrated that these larvae did not sequester the leaf oils in their foregut or use them for defense. The compositions of the oils, which were steam-distilled from the bodies and feces of the larvae, were identical with those of the oils from the leaves of the host trees. This fact implied that the volatile components of the leaf oils had not been metabolized and had no effect on the growth or feeding of the larvae, at least on the twoEucalyptus species examined. In order to explain the coevolution ofA. eucalypti andEucalyptus species, components of the leaf oils were suggested to serve the function of an ovipositional attractant to the female moths.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990318

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79

Digitale Medien

Iridoid glycosides and host-plant specificity in larvae of the buckeye butterfly,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) (1984)

Bowers, M. Deane

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1567-1577

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Iridoid glycoside ; Junonia coenia ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; host-plant specificity ; coevolution ; insect-plant interaction ; Plantago lanceolata ; buckeye ; chemical ecology

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the buckeye,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) feed primarily on plants in four families: Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae, and Acanthaceae. These plant families have in common the presence of a group of plant secondary compounds, the iridoid glycosides. Larvae were reared on three plant species and two artificial diets, one with and one without iridoid glycosides.Larvae grew poorly and had low survivorship on the artificial diet without iridoid glycosides, while growth and survival on the artificial diet with iridoid glycosides was comparable to that on plants. Choice tests using artificial diets with and without iridoid glycosides showed that larvae: (1) chose diets with iridoid glycosides (in the form of a crude extract or pure compound) over a diet without; (2) showed no preference between the diet with the crude extract and that with pure iridoid glycoside, and (3) preferred the artificial diet with ground leaves of the host plant,Plantago lanceolata, over the diet with pure iridoid glycosides. The artificial diet that larvae had been reared on prior to these tests had no effect on subsequent larval preferences in the choice tests.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988425

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80

Digitale Medien

Redundancy in a chemical signal: Behavioral responses of maleTrichoplusia ni to a 6-Component sex pheromone blend (1984)

Linn, C. E. ; Bjostad, L. B. ; Du, J. W. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1635-1658

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; redundancy ; flight tunnel

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The flight response of maleTrichoplusia ni was observed in a flight tunnel to a sex pheromone blend composed of six components:Z7–12∶Ac, 12∶Ac,Z5-12∶Ac, 11-12∶Ac,Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac. The number of males reaching a 3000-μg source of this blend was 〉 95%, equal to that observed to female glands and significantly greater than with the previously identified two-component blend (Z7-12∶Ac + 12∶Ac). In subtraction tests, all five-component blends, with the exception of the blend lacking the primary componentZ7-12∶Ac, and several four-component blends elicited similar peak levels of upwind flight, source contacts, and hairpencil displays to that observed with the six-component blend. We characterize the substitution of certain minor components for one another as a form of redundancy in the chemical signal and suggest that it contributes to response specificity and signal recognition in males. The results also support the concept that the full blend of components acts as a unit to influence male behavior at all phases of the response. Individual minor components were not responsible for eliciting specific behaviors in the sequence.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988431

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81

Digitale Medien

Sex attractant for three species of the genusOncocnemis: O. chandleri (Grt.),O. cibalis (Grt.), andO. mackiei (B. & Benj.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1984)

Reed, D. W. ; Chisholm, M. D. ; Underhill, E. W.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1701-1706

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Oncocnemis chandleri ; Oncocnemis cibalis ; Oncocnemis mackiei ; (5E7Z)-5 ; 7-dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; sex attractant

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Oncocnemis chandleri, O. cibalis, andO. mackiei were attracted to chemically baited traps in the field. In all three cases, (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was a key component for attraction. Attraction ofO. chandleri to traps baited with the (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was inhibited by addition of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.O. cibalis required both (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate for attraction. Electroantennogram responses for the three species are also reported.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987356

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82

Digitale Medien

Male wing-gland pheromone ofEphestia elutella (1984)

Krasnoff, S. B. ; Vick, K. W.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 667-679

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Ephestia elutella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; male pheromone ; pheromone bioassay

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone extracted from glands on the forewings of maleEphestia elutella (Hübner) elicits a stereotyped courtship response from conspecific females. A bioassay for this sex pheromone was developed based on this behavior. Maximum production and responsiveness for males and females, respectively, occurred in insects more than 24 hr old.E. elutella females were not responsive to extracts made fromE.figulilella Gregson,E. kuehniella Zeller,E. cautella (Walker), orPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) males.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994227

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83

Digitale Medien

Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components and glycerolipid precursors from sodium [1-14C]acetate in redbanded leafroller moth (1984)

Bjostad, Louis B. ; Roelofs, Wendell L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 681-691

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone biosynthesis ; Argyrotaenia velutinana ; redbanded leafroller moth ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; radiolabel

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Sodium [1-14C]acetate in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (1∶1) was applied topically to sex pheromone glands ofArgyrolaenia velutinana. Radiolabel was incorporated into the pheromone components (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and also into triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, ethanolamine phosphatides, and choline phosphatides. In the triacylglycerols, radiolabel appeared in (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octadecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, the same acyl moieties incorporated radiolabel but at lower levels. In the diacylglycerols and ethanolamine phosphatides, only the radiolabel in hexadecanoate and octadecanoate was above the limit of detection. At different times following application of sodium [1-14C]acetate, the relative proportions of labeled (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate changed very little, but the relative proportions of labeled fatty acyl moieties in the triacylglycerols and choline phosphatides changed markedly. After 8 min, triacylglycerols had incorporated about equal amounts of radiolabel into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, and tetradecanoate. As the incubation time was increased, triacylglycerols accumulated proportionately more radiolabeled (E)-11-tetradecenoate than (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, and accumulated proportionately less radiolabeled tetradecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, at all times of incubation the amount of radiolabel incorporated into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate was small but above the limit of detection, and the amounts of radiolabel in (E)-11-tetradecenoate and tetradecanoate were smaller and often below the limit of detection. In both the triacylglycerols and the choline phosphatides, the relative proportion of radiolabeled hexadecanoate decreased with time, and that of octadecanoate increased.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994228

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84

Digitale Medien

Structure-activity relationship observations for European corn borer moth pheromone and fluoro analogs via computer molecular modeling (1995)

Warthen, J. D. ; Klun, J. A. ; Schwarz, M. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1921-1930

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Molecular modeling ; SAR ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; European corn borer moth ; sex pheromone ; attractant

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations were made for theZ-type European corn borer moth pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, and a series of analogs with fluorination in the alcohol portion of the molecule. The attractiveness of these analogs and the pheromone was compared to the electrostatic potential map of the molecular mechanics (MM) minimized lowest energy conformation for each compound. A critical range of electrostatic potential on the protons of the double-bond appears to be essential for optimal acceptor fit and attractiveness.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033852

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85

Digitale Medien

Feeding Deterrents and Sensitivity Suppressors for Pieris rapae Larvae in Wheat Germ Diet (1997)

Huang, Xin Pei ; Renwick, J. A. A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 51-70

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; wheat germ diet ; feeding deterrent ; habituation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Rejection of wheat germ diet by cabbage-reared Pieris rapae larvae is explained by the fact that the diet contains strong feeding deterrents to the larvae. These deterrents were present mainly in hexane and butanol (BuOH) fractions of diet extracts, but the post-BuOH water fraction also showed some deterrent activity. Although minor diet components such as sorbic acid had a weak deterrent effect, wheat germ was primarily responsible for the activity. Seven compounds isolated from the BuOH extract of wheat germ were deterrent to the larvae. UV spectra suggested that most of these compounds are apigenin-based flavones. Fractionation of the hexane extracts showed that most of the active compounds were methanol-soluble, and HPLC of the MeOH fractions revealed the presence of active compounds that were absent in the BuOH extract of wheat germ, as well as other compounds that were common to both fractions. Acceptance of nasturtium by P. rapae larvae reared on wheat germ diet is explained by a type of “cross habituation” of the larvae to feeding deterrents. When larvae were reared on cabbage leaves treated with chemical fractions from wheat germ diet, they readily accepted nasturtium, which is normally refused by cabbage-reared P. rapae larvae, due to the presence of strong feeding deterrents in the plant. A high percentage of diet-reared larvae also fed on Erysimum cheiranthoides and Iberis amara, which are normally rejected. The chemical constituents encountered in wheat germ can almost completely account for the larval acceptance of nasturtium. The suitability of wheat germ diet for rearing phytophagous insects for behavioral assays must be questioned.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006345.90669.7c

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86

Digitale Medien

Alkaloidal Glycosidase Inhibitors and Digestive Glycosidase Inhibition in Specialist and Generalist Herbivores of Omphalea diandra (1997)

Kite, G. C. ; Scofield, A. M. ; Lees, D. C. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 119-135

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Urania fulgens ; Lepidoptera ; Uraniidae ; Omphalea diandra ; Euphorbiaceae ; alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors ; glycosidases ; sequestration ; generalist/specialist herbivores

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Generalist herbivores of the neotropical liana Omphalea diandra (Euphorbiaceae) were compared to the specialist herbivore, larvae of the uraniid moth Urania fulgens, with respect to their ability to accumulate the alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors (AGIs) produced by the plant and the resistance of their digestive glycosidases to inhibition by these AGIs. The generalist herbivores did not accumulate the AGI aglycones 2R,5R-dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) and 2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol (HNJ) to the levels detected in larvae of U. fulgens, which contained 0.05–0.11% dry weight DMDP and 0.17–0.35% HNJ. Glucosides of DMDP and HNJ that were synthesized by O. diandra were either absent from both the generalist and the specialist herbivores or present at low levels (less than 0.01%), even though HNJ-glucoside was often the most abundant AGI in the foliage. Analyses of the herbivores' feces indicated that failure to accumulate AGIs was due to the compounds being metabolized rather than excreted. The digestive glycosidases of U. fulgens larvae were more resistant to inhibition by AGI aglycones than those of the generalist herbivores. Similarly, sucrose and maltose hydrolysis in two of the generalist lepidopteran herbivores, larvae of Panthiades ballus and Theope virgilius, was more resistant to inhibition by DMDP than in larvae of Spodoptera littoralis, a lepidopteran which does not encounter O. diandra in nature. There was little difference in the susceptibility to AGIs of glycosidases from the generalist coleopteran Rhabdopterus fulvipes, which naturally feeds on O. diandra, compared with the coleopteran Dermestes maculatus, which does not. The glucoside of HNJ was found to be a very potent inhibitor of trehalase activity in all the insects examined. AGIs are considered to reduce the nutritional value of O. diandra to nonadapted herbivores rather than be acutely toxic. Nevertheless, U. fulgens does appear to be unique among Omphalea-feeding insects in its ability to accumulate AGIs, suggesting that it gains some advantage from storing these compounds.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006349.84075.f0

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87

Digitale Medien

Behavioral Effects of Carotenoid Sequestration by the Parsnip WebwormDepressaria pastinacella (1997)

Carroll, Mark ; Hanlon, Amy ; Hanlon, Tanya ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2707-2719

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Depressaria pastinacella ; parsnip webworm ; Pastinaca sativa ; wild parsnip ; lutein ; UV avoidance ; phototoxicity ; antioxidant ; carotenoid ; Lepidoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The parsnip webwormDepressaria pastinacella, acquires a distinct yellow stripe when it consumes the yellow flowers of its principal host plantPastinaca sativa, the wild parsnip. Caterpillars raised on artificial diet lacking host-plant material lack this yellow coloration. By chemical characterization and comparison of caterpillars raised on parsnip flowers and on artificial diet, we were able to determine that lutein, along with smaller amounts of other xanthophylls from the host plant, is selectively sequestered in the fat body. In bioassays designed to measure avoidance of ultraviolet light, caterpillars raised on parsnip flowers or on artificial diet supplemented with lutein were less likely to avoid exposure to ultraviolet light than caterpillars raised on unaugmented artificial diet and thus lacking sequestered carotenoids. The ability to sequester xanthophylls, which are highly effective antioxidants, may confer a selective advantage on these caterpillars, whose apiaceous host plants produce large quantities of furanocoumarins, natural products that are photoactivated by light wavelengths in the ultraviolet region; such sequestered pigments may reduce not only the oxidative stress associated with ultraviolet light and diurnal foraging but also the photooxidative stress associated with ingestion of photoactive furanocoumarins.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022506925620

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88

Digitale Medien

Bioisosteric Approach to Elucidation of Binding of the Acetate Group of a Moth Sex Pheromone Component to Its Receptor (1997)

Gustavsson, Anna-Lena ; Tuvesson, Malena ; Larsson, Mattias C. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2755-2776

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Agrotis segetum ; (Z)-5-decenyl acetate ; pheromone analogs ; structure–activity ; bioisosteres ; single-sensillum recordings ; receptor interaction ; molecular electrostatic potential ; quantum mechanical calculations ; ab initio calculations

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract A number of analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum, in which the acetate group has been replaced by functional groups that may function as bioisosters, have been synthesized and tested using single-cell electrophysiology. The activities have been interpreted in terms of the molecular electrostatic potentials of the polar functional group as calculated byab initio quantum mechanical calculations. It is concluded that both oxygens of the acetate group in (Z)-5-decenyl acetate contribute to the interactions between the pheromone component and its receptor. Furthermore, the results indicate that the crucial interaction between the carbonyl group and the receptor, which is most probably a hydrogen bonding interaction, takes place in a direction pointing away from the hydrocarbon chain of the pheromone component.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022563010599

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89

Digitale Medien

(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (1979)

Jones, Richard L. ; Sparks, Alton N.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 721-725

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; secondary sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate [(Z)-9-TDA], identified originally as the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), acted as a secondary sex pheromone when it was tested in sticky traps in field tests. Low-level synergism was obtained when 2 and 10% quantities of (Z)-9-TDA were added to 100 μg of (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate, which is now considered the primary sex pheromone.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986556

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90

Digitale Medien

Chemical conversion of 9-tetradecen-1-ol acetates to 3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetates, sex attractants for male clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (1979)

Voerman, S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 759-766

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; attractants ; 9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; 3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate ; clearwing moth ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; synthesis

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Males of many species of clearwing moths are attracted by one of the geometrical isomers of 3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate or by a mixture of isomers. The synthesis of (E,Z)-, (E,E)-, and (Z,E)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate is described starting with the (Z)- and (E)-9-tetraceden-1-ol acetates, which are commercially obtainable.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986560

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91

Digitale Medien

On the persistence of disparlure in the human body (1981)

Cameron, E. Alan

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 313-317

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; pheromone persistence

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Response of male gypsy moths from a sparse infestation in Italy to an observer apparently contaminated with disparlure at least two years previously is reported. Other examples of pheromone contamination of people or things are also recorded.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995754

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92

Digitale Medien

Comparing the effectiveness of sexual communication disruption in the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta) using different combinations and dosages of its pheromone blend (1981)

Charlton, Ralph E. ; Cardé, Ring T.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 501-508

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Disruption of communication ; Oriental fruit moth ; Grapholitha molesta ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The relative efficacy of disruptant blends comprised of different combinations of the Oriental fruit moth's pheromone components was determined in field tests. Disruption was evaluated by comparing male moth catch at synthetic and female-baited traps in disruptant and non-treatment areas. Three atmospheric dosages of a 8-dodecenyl acetate (93.5%Z∶6.5%E) blend, representing two successive 10-fold decreases in concentration (2.5 × 10−2 g/hectare/day to 2.5 × 10−4 g/hectare/day) were tested alone and in combination with an additional percentage of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol. Male moth orientation to traps was eliminated in plots exposed to the two highest binary acetate dosages. However, significantly more males were captured in synthetic-baited traps in the lowest acetate-alone treatment, indicating a diminution of disruption efficiency. In contrast, inclusion of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol in the disruptant blend effected essentially complete disruption of orientation at all concentrations tested. Mating success ofG. molesta pairs confined in small cages apparently was not affected by the presence of relatively high concentrations of the binary acetate and the acetate-alcohol blends. This suggests that habituation and/or adaptation of male response, at least for comparatively “close-range” behaviors, did not occur.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987698

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93

Digitale Medien

Seven-week persistence of an oviposition-deterrent pheromone (1981)

Schoonhoven, L. M. ; Sparnaay, T. ; Wissen, W. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 583-588

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Oviposition ; deterrent pheromone ; Pieris brassicae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Cabbage leaves sprayed with a water solution of the oviposition-deterrent pheromone ofPieris brassicae remain deterrent to ovipositing females for at least 14 days. Under laboratory conditions, the pheromone, when dried on a glass surface, retains activity for a period of at least 7 weeks. After 7 days under vacuum conditions, some pheromone is still present, indicating a low volatility and / or high stability of (an active fraction of) the pheromone. After 125 eggs are slowly rinsed with 300 ml water, they still release detectable quantities of the pheromone.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987706

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94

Digitale Medien

Effect of day length and light intensity on 2-tridecanone levels and resistance inLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum toManduca sexta (1981)

Kennedy, G. G. ; Yamamoto, R. T. ; Dimock, M. B. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 707-716

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Manduca sexta (L.) ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; day length ; light intensity ; 2-tridecanone ; glandular trichome ; resistance ; allelochemic

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract First instarManduca sexta (L.) larvae confined on foliage fromLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum (accession PI 134417) plants grown under a long-day regime exhibited greater mortality than larvae on foliage from plants grown under a short-day regime. 2-Tridecanone, a toxin important in the insect resistance of PI 134417, was significantly more abundant in the foliage of plants grown under the long-than the short-day regimes. Light intensity influenced neither 2-tridecanone levels nor the expression of resistance. The density of glandular trichomes, which secrete 2-tridecanone, was influenced by an interaction between day length and light intensity.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990303

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95

Digitale Medien

Growth inhibitors in tomato (Lycopersicon) to tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) (1981)

Elliger, C. A. ; Wong, Y. ; Chan, B. G. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 753-758

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; α-tomatine ; rutin ; chlorogenic acid ; caffeyl aldaric acid ; allelochemics ; tomato ; tomato fruitworm

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Several compounds that retard the larval growth of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie) have been isolated and identified from tomato leaves,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The major allelochemics are α-tomatine (I), chlorogenic acid (II), rutin (III), and a new caffeyl derivative of an aldaric acid (IV). The isolation, analyses, and toxicity of these compounds toH. zea are presented.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990307

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96

Digitale Medien

Biological amplification for increasing electroantennogram discrimination between two female sex pheromones ofSpodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1981)

Moore, I.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 791-798

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera littoralis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; electroantennogram ; biological amplification ; pheromones ; Boarmia selenaria ; Geometridae ; Matsucoccus josephi ; Homoptera ; Coccoidea

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract MaleSpodoptera littoralis stimulated by a mixture ofS. littoralis female sex pheromone with a positional isomer and by the pheromone alone, gave greatly amplified electroantennograms (EAGs) when the antennae were connected in series. The technique is described and examples are given of its use in screening extracts for EAG activity. Dose-response curves obtained with this technique are presented and discussed. Through biological amplification, EAG discrimination between the pheromones was increased.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992378

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97

Digitale Medien

Alleviation of α-tomatine-induced toxicity to the parasitoid,Hyposoter exiguae, by phytosterols in the diet of the host,Heliothis zea (1981)

Campbell, Bruce C. ; Duffey, Sean S.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 927-946

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Host-plant resistance ; α-tomatine ; sterols ; sterol esters ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoids ; Hyposoter exiguae ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; secondary compounds

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The solitary, endoparasitic ichneumonid,Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) is a parasitoid of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). However, the parasitoid is deleteriously affected by the tomato glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine, ingested from hosts (H. zea) fed on artificial diets or semipurified extracts of tomato plants that contained α-tomatine. α-Tomatine causes prolonged larval development; disruption or prevention of pupal eclosion; deformation of antennal, abdominal, and genital structures; and reduction in adult weight and longevity of the parasitoid. These toxic effects are exacerbated when the dietary dose of α-tomatine is increased from 12 μmol to 20 μmol/g dry wt of diet. However, the toxicity of α-tomatine is attenuated in parasitoids reared from hosts fed on artificial diets that contain equimolar or supramolar amounts of 3β-OH-sterols admixed with α-tomatine. Further, the toxicity of extracts from the foliage of different cultivars of tomatoes toH. exiguae is contingent upon the composite levels of α-tomatine and total phytosterol (free and esterified). Cultivars with a low total sterol-tomatine ratio are more toxic toH. exiguae. The possible mode of action of α-tomatine toxicity toH. exiguae by disruption of sterol metabolism is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987618

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98

Digitale Medien

Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)

Nordlund, Donald A. ; Ed Sauls, C.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1057-1061

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae parasitoids ; kairomones

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In laboratory experiments conducted to compare the kairomonal activity forMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) of frass fromHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae fed on different host plants,M. croceipes females responded to extracts of frass from larvae reared on cotton or soybeans but not on corn. The lack of response to frass from larvae reared on corn was shown to be a result of a lack of some appropriate chemical(s) in the corn.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987627

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99

Digitale Medien

Sex pheromone of a conifer-feeding budworm,Choristoneura retiniana, Walsingham (1984)

Daterman, G. E. ; Cory, H. T. ; Sower, L. L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 153-160

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura retiniana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; forset insects ; Tortricidae ; insect behavior ; E- andZ-11-tetradecenyl acetates ; E- andZ-11-tetradecenol

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone components collected from femaleChristoneura retiniana included 11-tetradecenyl acetates and alcohols. The major component wasE-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11–14∶Ac) with a lesser amount ofZ isomer necessary to induce male response. A 92∶8 ratio ofE,Z11–14∶ Ac appeared optimal. The alcohol component was present at about 10% of the total pheromone mixture, and traps baited with acetates plus alcohol surpassed unmated females in their degree of attractiveness. Chemical analysis indicated a 9∶:1 ratio of theE — Z isomers of 11-tetradecenyl alcohol (11–14∶ol) pheromone components, although bait formulations containing a predominance of either theE orZ isomers were equally successful in field bioassays. Based on male response to traps,E- andZ11–14∶Ac (92∶8E — Z) are essential pheromone components for long-range sex attraction. The 11–14∶ ol enhanced attraction when added at 10% of the total pheromone blend.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987652

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100

Digitale Medien

Role of diet in host selection ofHeliothis virescens by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1984)

Elzen, G. W. ; Williams, H. J. ; Vinson, S. B.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1535-1541

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Campoletis sonorensis ; Heliothis virescence ; synomone ; kairomone ; host location ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that chemicals attractive toCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), previously identified in cotton, were not present in wheat germ diet-rearedHeliothis virescens (F.) larvae. Diet-reared larvae fed cotton obtained the chemicals from cotton, with the consequence of enhanced kairomonal activity of the larvae and their frass toC. sonorensis. Parasitoids, presented a choice between cotton, cotton plus hosts, hosts alone, and control in an olfactometer, responded non-randomly, with the greatest number of responses to cotton plus hosts, and three times as many responses to cotton alone as to larvae alone. The role of the plant in the parasitoid-host relationship is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988422

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