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  • Photosynthesis
  • Elsevier  (709)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (141)
  • Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu  (8)
  • MDPI Publishing
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Experimental coral physiological and δ15N isotopic measurements in October 2012 at Reef Systems Coral Farm, Ohio. (2022)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Coral physiological and δ15N isotopic measurements.
    Description: Experimental coral physiological and δ15N isotopic measurements in October 2012 at Reef Systems Coral Farm, Ohio. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/839920
    Description: NSF Emerging Frontiers Division (NSF EF) EF-1041124
    Keywords: Coral calcification ; Photosynthesis ; Carbon budgets ; Chlorophyll a ; Protein ; Carbohydrates ; Lipids ; Energy reserves ; Nitrogen isotopes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 2
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) – cell abundance by flow cytometry (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: cell abundance
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of three CO2 concentrations, four temperatures, and three light intensities on growth of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of cell abundances measured by forward scatter. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771421
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) - Phosphate, silicate, and nitrate plus nitrite measurements (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: Nutrients
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of three CO2 concentrations, four temperatures, and three light intensities on growth and photophysiology of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of nutrients (phosphate, silicate, and nitrate plus nitrite) made over the course of the experiments. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771370
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) – pH measurements (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: pH
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of three CO2 concentrations, four temperatures, and three light intensities on growth and photophysiology of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of pH made over the course of the experiments. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771304
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) - Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) measurements (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: DIC
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of three CO2 concentrations, four temperatures, and three light intensities on growth and photophysiology of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) made over the course of the experiments. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771333
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) - cell size estimated by forward scatter from flow cytometry (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: cell size
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of three CO2 concentrations, four temperatures, and three light intensities on growth of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of cell size expressed as forward scatter as well as in equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) in microns. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771448
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) - Chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen. (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: POC, PON, Chl a
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of CO2, temperatures, and light on growth and photophysiology of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of extracted chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) made over the course of the experiments. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771594
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Series 3A: Multiple stressor experiments on T. pseudonana (CCMP1014) - photophysiology measurements (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Series 3A: photophysiology
    Description: The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of CO2, temperatures, and light on the growth of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. This dataset contains measurements of photophysiology using the Light curve (LC3) protocol of the Aquapen-C AP-C 100 fluorometer. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/771461
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538602
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Diatoms ; Ocean acidification ; Multiple stressors ; Photosynthesis ; Biogenic silica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    [This Week in Science] Sometimes, red light means grow (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Author: Nicholas S. Wigginton
    Keywords: Photosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    [Editors' Choice] Making the most of too much sun (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: Author: Pamela J. Hines
    Keywords: Photosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Atmospheric monitoring of high northern latitudes (above 40 degrees N) has shown an enhanced seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) since the 1960s, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The much stronger increase in high latitudes relative to low ones suggests that northern ecosystems are experiencing large changes in vegetation and carbon cycle dynamics. We found that the latitudinal gradient of the increasing CO2 amplitude is mainly driven by positive trends in photosynthetic carbon uptake caused by recent climate change and mediated by changing vegetation cover in northern ecosystems. Our results underscore the importance of climate-vegetation-carbon cycle feedbacks at high latitudes; moreover, they indicate that in recent decades, photosynthetic carbon uptake has reacted much more strongly to warming than have carbon release processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forkel, Matthias -- Carvalhais, Nuno -- Rodenbeck, Christian -- Keeling, Ralph -- Heimann, Martin -- Thonicke, Kirsten -- Zaehle, Sonke -- Reichstein, Markus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):696-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4971. Epub 2016 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. matthias.forkel@geo.tuwien.ac.at ncarval@bgc-jena.mpg.de. ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. CENSE, Departamento de Ciencias e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal. matthias.forkel@geo.tuwien.ac.at ncarval@bgc-jena.mpg.de. ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-driven and Simulation Science, 07743 Jena, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Climate change disables coral bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: Coral bleaching events threaten the sustainability of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Here we show that bleaching events of the past three decades have been mitigated by induced thermal tolerance of reef-building corals, and this protective mechanism is likely to be lost under near-future climate change scenarios. We show that 75% of past thermal stress events have been characterized by a temperature trajectory that subjects corals to a protective, sub-bleaching stress, before reaching temperatures that cause bleaching. Such conditions confer thermal tolerance, decreasing coral cell mortality and symbiont loss during bleaching by over 50%. We find that near-future increases in local temperature of as little as 0.5 degrees C result in this protective mechanism being lost, which may increase the rate of degradation of the GBR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ainsworth, Tracy D -- Heron, Scott F -- Ortiz, Juan Carlos -- Mumby, Peter J -- Grech, Alana -- Ogawa, Daisie -- Eakin, C Mark -- Leggat, William -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):338-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia. ; Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD 20740, USA. Marine Geophysical Laboratory, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia. ; Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. ; Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia. ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia. The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia. ; Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD 20740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; *Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; Dinoflagellida/cytology/physiology ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Photosynthesis ; Pigments, Biological/*physiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Photosynthesis. Electronic structure of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II prior to O-O bond formation (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: The photosynthetic protein complex photosystem II oxidizes water to molecular oxygen at an embedded tetramanganese-calcium cluster. Resolving the geometric and electronic structure of this cluster in its highest metastable catalytic state (designated S3) is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanism of O-O bond formation. Here, multifrequency, multidimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that all four manganese ions of the catalyst are structurally and electronically similar immediately before the final oxygen evolution step; they all exhibit a 4+ formal oxidation state and octahedral local geometry. Only one structural model derived from quantum chemical modeling is consistent with all magnetic resonance data; its formation requires the binding of an additional water molecule. O-O bond formation would then proceed by the coupling of two proximal manganese-bound oxygens in the transition state of the cofactor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Nicholas -- Retegan, Marius -- Neese, Frank -- Pantazis, Dimitrios A -- Boussac, Alain -- Lubitz, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):804-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1254910. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany. nicholas.cox@cec.mpg.de wolfgang.lubitz@cec.mpg.de. ; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany. ; Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, CNRS UMR 8221, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/*chemistry/metabolism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Manganese/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*chemistry/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/*chemistry/metabolism ; Physicochemical Processes ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Remote sensing. Carbon-mapping satellite will monitor plants' faint glow (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1211-2. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1211.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis/*metabolism ; Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural/*metabolism ; *Fluorescence ; Luminescent Measurements/*methods ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; Satellite Imagery/*methods ; Spacecraft ; Trees/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: The initial steps of photosynthesis comprise the absorption of sunlight by pigment-protein antenna complexes followed by rapid and highly efficient funneling of excitation energy to a reaction center. In these transport processes, signatures of unexpectedly long-lived coherences have emerged in two-dimensional ensemble spectra of various light-harvesting complexes. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast quantum coherent energy transfer within individual antenna complexes of a purple bacterium under physiological conditions. We find that quantum coherences between electronically coupled energy eigenstates persist at least 400 femtoseconds and that distinct energy-transfer pathways that change with time can be identified in each complex. Our data suggest that long-lived quantum coherence renders energy transfer in photosynthetic systems robust in the presence of disorder, which is a prerequisite for efficient light harvesting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hildner, Richard -- Brinks, Daan -- Nieder, Jana B -- Cogdell, Richard J -- van Hulst, Niek F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1448-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1235820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry ; Bacteriochlorophyll A/*chemistry ; *Energy Transfer ; Fourier Analysis ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/*chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Quantum Theory ; Rhodopseudomonas/*chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Engineering coherence among excited states in synthetic heterodimer systems (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: The design principles that support persistent electronic coherence in biological light-harvesting systems are obscured by the complexity of such systems. Some electronic coherences in these systems survive for hundreds of femtoseconds at physiological temperatures, suggesting that coherent dynamics may play a role in photosynthetic energy transfer. Coherent effects may increase energy transfer efficiency relative to strictly incoherent transfer mechanisms. Simple, tractable, manipulable model systems are required in order to probe the fundamental physics underlying these persistent electronic coherences, but to date, these quantum effects have not been observed in small molecules. We have engineered a series of rigid synthetic heterodimers that can serve as such a model system and observed quantum beating signals in their two-dimensional electronic spectra consistent with the presence of persistent electronic coherences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, Dugan -- Griffin, Graham B -- Engel, Gregory S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1431-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1233828. Epub 2013 Apr 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dimerization ; *Electromagnetic Phenomena ; *Energy Transfer ; Fluoresceins/*chemistry ; Fourier Analysis ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Quantum Theory ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    IBI* series winner. Personal plants: making botany meaningful by experimentation (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyatt, Laura A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rider University, College of Liberal Arts, Education, and Sciences, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA. lhyatt@rider.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Botany/*education ; Chive/chemistry/growth & development ; Hydrocharitaceae/chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Processes ; Plants/*chemistry ; Research/*education ; Research Design ; Soil/chemistry ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Massive phytoplankton blooms under Arctic sea ice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: Phytoplankton blooms over Arctic Ocean continental shelves are thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. Here, we document a massive phytoplankton bloom beneath fully consolidated pack ice far from the ice edge in the Chukchi Sea, where light transmission has increased in recent decades because of thinning ice cover and proliferation of melt ponds. The bloom was characterized by high diatom biomass and rates of growth and primary production. Evidence suggests that under-ice phytoplankton blooms may be more widespread over nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in these waters may be underestimated by up to 10-fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arrigo, Kevin R -- Perovich, Donald K -- Pickart, Robert S -- Brown, Zachary W -- van Dijken, Gert L -- Lowry, Kate E -- Mills, Matthew M -- Palmer, Molly A -- Balch, William M -- Bahr, Frank -- Bates, Nicholas R -- Benitez-Nelson, Claudia -- Bowler, Bruce -- Brownlee, Emily -- Ehn, Jens K -- Frey, Karen E -- Garley, Rebecca -- Laney, Samuel R -- Lubelczyk, Laura -- Mathis, Jeremy -- Matsuoka, Atsushi -- Mitchell, B Greg -- Moore, G W K -- Ortega-Retuerta, Eva -- Pal, Sharmila -- Polashenski, Chris M -- Reynolds, Rick A -- Schieber, Brian -- Sosik, Heidi M -- Stephens, Michael -- Swift, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1408. doi: 10.1126/science.1215065. Epub 2012 Jun 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. arrigo@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; Biomass ; Diatoms/growth & development ; *Eutrophication ; *Ice Cover ; Light ; Nitrates/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/analysis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Seawater/chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ionic liquid-mediated selective conversion of CO(2) to CO at low overpotentials (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO(2))--a key component of artificial photosynthesis--has largely been stymied by the impractically high overpotentials necessary to drive the process. We report an electrocatalytic system that reduces CO(2) to carbon monoxide (CO) at overpotentials below 0.2 volt. The system relies on an ionic liquid electrolyte to lower the energy of the (CO(2))(-) intermediate, most likely by complexation, and thereby lower the initial reduction barrier. The silver cathode then catalyzes formation of the final products. Formation of gaseous CO is first observed at an applied voltage of 1.5 volts, just slightly above the minimum (i.e., equilibrium) voltage of 1.33 volts. The system continued producing CO for at least 7 hours at Faradaic efficiencies greater than 96%.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, Brian A -- Salehi-Khojin, Amin -- Thorson, Michael R -- Zhu, Wei -- Whipple, Devin T -- Kenis, Paul J A -- Masel, Richard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):643-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1209786. Epub 2011 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dioxide Materials, 60 Hazelwood Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Electrochemistry ; Imidazoles/chemistry ; Imides/chemistry ; Photosynthesis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predators' effects on ecosystem entropy (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flueck, Werner T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1092-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6046.1092-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; *Food Chain ; Photosynthesis ; Predatory Behavior ; Temperature
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    Comment on "Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70 degrees N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samanta, Arindam -- Costa, Marcos H -- Nunes, Edson L -- Vieira, Simone A -- Xu, Liang -- Myneni, Ranga B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1093; author reply 1093. doi: 10.1126/science.1199048.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. arindam.sam@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; South America
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inspirational chemistry (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, Harry -- Labinger, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1365. doi: 10.1126/science.1204757.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Photosynthesis
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  • 23
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    Comment on "Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported that global net primary production has declined over the past decade and that this reduction was caused by drought. However, their findings are not direct measurements, but rather are based on outcomes from models in which a strong temperature dependence is assumed. I examine the assumptions underlying their results and show that their findings can be explained as logical consequences of these assumptions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medlyn, Belinda E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1093; author reply 1093. doi: 10.1126/science.1199544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia. belinda.medlyn@mq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Temperature
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    Floral acoustics: conspicuous echoes of a dish-shaped leaf attract bat pollinators (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: The visual splendor of many diurnal flowers serves to attract visually guided pollinators such as bees and birds, but it remains to be seen whether bat-pollinated flowers have evolved analogous echo-acoustic signals to lure their echolocating pollinators. Here, we demonstrate how an unusual dish-shaped leaf displayed above the inflorescences of the vine Marcgravia evenia attracts bat pollinators. Specifically, this leaf's echoes fulfilled requirements for an effective beacon, that is, they were strong, multidirectional, and had a recognizable invariant echo signature. In behavioral experiments, presence of the leaves halved foraging time for flower-visiting bats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, Ralph -- Holderied, Marc W -- Koch, Corinna U -- von Helversen, Otto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):631-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1204210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D 89069 Ulm, Germany. ralph.simon@uni-ulm.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Echolocation ; Feeding Behavior ; Flowers ; Male ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Plant Nectar ; Pollination ; Sound ; Theales/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Contribution of semi-arid forests to the climate system (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Forests both take up CO2 and enhance absorption of solar radiation, with contrasting effects on global temperature. Based on a 9-year study in the forests' dry timberline, we show that substantial carbon sequestration (cooling effect) is maintained in the large dry transition zone (precipitation from 200 to 600 millimeters) by shifts in peak photosynthetic activities from summer to early spring, and this is counteracted by longwave radiation (L) suppression (warming effect), doubling the forestation shortwave (S) albedo effect. Several decades of carbon accumulation are required to balance the twofold S + L effect. Desertification over the past several decades, however, contributed negative forcing at Earth's surface equivalent to approximately 20% of the global anthropogenic CO2 effect over the same period, moderating warming trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotenberg, Eyal -- Yakir, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):451-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1179998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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    Oceans. Iron and the carbon pump (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunda, William G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):654-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1186151.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beaufort Laboratory, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. bill.sunda@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/analysis/chemistry ; Ligands ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Physicochemical Processes ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate. Drylands in the Earth system (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):418-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Ecological Observatory, Inc., 5340 Airport Boulevard, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. dschimel@naeoninc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Climate Change ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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    Carbon dioxide enrichment inhibits nitrate assimilation in wheat and Arabidopsis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere may double by the end of the 21st century. The response of higher plants to a carbon dioxide doubling often includes a decline in their nitrogen status, but the reasons for this decline have been uncertain. We used five independent methods with wheat and Arabidopsis to show that atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment inhibited the assimilation of nitrate into organic nitrogen compounds. This inhibition may be largely responsible for carbon dioxide acclimation, the decrease in photosynthesis and growth of plants conducting C(3) carbon fixation after long exposures (days to years) to carbon dioxide enrichment. These results suggest that the relative availability of soil ammonium and nitrate to most plants will become increasingly important in determining their productivity as well as their quality as food.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Arnold J -- Burger, Martin -- Rubio Asensio, Jose Salvador -- Cousins, Asaph B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):899-903. doi: 10.1126/science.1186440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ajbloom@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; Acclimatization ; Arabidopsis/growth & development/*metabolism ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Nitrate Reductase/metabolism ; Nitrates/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Compounds/metabolism ; Oxygen ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Shoots/growth & development/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Triticum/growth & development/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 29
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    The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift in the acid-base chemistry of seawater, reduced subsurface oxygen both in near-shore coastal water and in the open ocean, rising coastal nitrogen levels, and widespread increase in mercury and persistent organic pollutants. Most of these perturbations, tied either directly or indirectly to human fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and industrial activity, are projected to grow in coming decades, resulting in increasing negative impacts on ocean biota and marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doney, Scott C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. sdoney@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Water Pollutants/analysis
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    Effect of ocean acidification on iron availability to marine phytoplankton (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: The acidification caused by the dissolution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean changes the chemistry and hence the bioavailability of iron (Fe), a limiting nutrient in large oceanic regions. Here, we show that the bioavailability of dissolved Fe may decline because of ocean acidification. Acidification of media containing various Fe compounds decreases the Fe uptake rate of diatoms and coccolithophores to an extent predicted by the changes in Fe chemistry. A slower Fe uptake by a model diatom with decreasing pH is also seen in experiments with Atlantic surface water. The Fe requirement of model phytoplankton remains unchanged with increasing CO2. The ongoing acidification of seawater is likely to increase the Fe stress of phytoplankton populations in some areas of the ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Dalin -- Xu, Yan -- Hopkinson, Brian M -- Morel, Francois M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):676-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1183517. Epub 2010 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dshi@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Diatoms/*metabolism ; Edetic Acid/chemistry ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/chemistry ; Iron Chelating Agents/chemistry ; Ligands ; Lysine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Siderophores/chemistry
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    A red-shifted chlorophyll (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: Chlorophylls are essential for light-harvesting and energy transduction in photosynthesis. Four chemically distinct varieties have been known for the past 60 years. Here we report isolation of a fifth, which we designate chlorophyll f. Its in vitro absorption (706 nanometers) and fluorescence (722 nanometers) maxima are red-shifted compared to all other chlorophylls from oxygenic phototrophs. On the basis of the optical, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, we propose that chlorophyll f is [2-formyl]-chlorophyll a (C55H70O6N4Mg). This finding suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis can be extended further into the infrared region and may open associated bioenergy applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Min -- Schliep, Martin -- Willows, Robert D -- Cai, Zheng-Li -- Neilan, Brett A -- Scheer, Hugo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1318-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191127. Epub 2010 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. min.chen@sydney.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriochlorophylls/*chemistry/*isolation & purification ; Cyanobacteria/*chemistry/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Photosynthesis ; Pigments, Biological/*chemistry/*isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Western Australia
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    Faster interprotein electron transfer in a [myoglobin, b(5)] complex with a redesigned interface (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: Direct measurements of electron transfer (ET) within a protein-protein complex with a redesigned interface formed by physiological partner proteins myoglobin (Mb) and cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) reveal interprotein ET rates comparable to those observed within the photosynthetic reaction center. Brownian dynamics simulations show that Mb in which three surface acid residues are mutated to lysine binds b(5) in an ensemble of configurations distributed around a reactive most-probable structure. Correspondingly, charge-separation ET from a photoexcited singlet zinc porphyrin incorporated within Mb to the heme of b(5) and the follow-up charge-recombination exhibit distributed kinetics, with median rate constants, k(f)(s) = 2.1 x 10(9) second(-1) and k(b)(s) = 4.3 x 10(10) second(-1), respectively. The latter approaches that for the initial step in photosynthetic charge separation, k = 3.3 x 10(11) second(-1).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251596/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251596/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, Peng -- Nocek, Judith M -- Vura-Weis, Josh -- Lockard, Jenny V -- Wasielewski, Michael R -- Hoffman, Brian M -- HL063203/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL063203/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 19;330(6007):1075-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cytochromes b5/*chemistry ; *Electrons ; Horses ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry ; Myoglobin/*chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global convergence in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at ecosystem level (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-07
    Description: The respiratory release of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from the land surface is a major flux in the global carbon cycle, antipodal to photosynthetic CO(2) uptake. Understanding the sensitivity of respiratory processes to temperature is central for quantifying the climate-carbon cycle feedback. We approximated the sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystem respiration to air temperature (Q(10)) across 60 FLUXNET sites with the use of a methodology that circumvents confounding effects. Contrary to previous findings, our results suggest that Q(10) is independent of mean annual temperature, does not differ among biomes, and is confined to values around 1.4 +/- 0.1. The strong relation between photosynthesis and respiration, by contrast, is highly variable among sites. The results may partly explain a less pronounced climate-carbon cycle feedback than suggested by current carbon cycle climate models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahecha, Miguel D -- Reichstein, Markus -- Carvalhais, Nuno -- Lasslop, Gitta -- Lange, Holger -- Seneviratne, Sonia I -- Vargas, Rodrigo -- Ammann, Christof -- Arain, M Altaf -- Cescatti, Alessandro -- Janssens, Ivan A -- Migliavacca, Mirco -- Montagnani, Leonardo -- Richardson, Andrew D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):838-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1189587. Epub 2010 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. mmahecha@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; *Climate ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Stochastic community assembly causes higher biodiversity in more productive environments (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: Net primary productivity is a principal driver of biodiversity; large-scale regions with higher productivity generally have more species. This pattern emerges because beta-diversity (compositional variation across local sites) increases with productivity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. Using data from a long-term experiment in replicate ponds, I show that higher beta-diversity at higher productivity resulted from a stronger role for stochastic relative to deterministic assembly processes with increasing productivity. This shift in the relative importance of stochasticity was most consistent with the hypothesis of more intense priority effects leading to multiple stable equilibria at higher productivity. Thus, shifts in community assembly mechanisms across a productivity gradient may underlie one of the most prominent biodiversity gradients on the planet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase, Jonathan M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1388-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1187820. Epub 2010 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. jchase@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Cyanobacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eukaryota ; Extinction, Biological ; Food Chain ; *Fresh Water ; Photosynthesis ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes
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    Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on the terrestrial biosphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: Photosynthesis and respiration occur widely on Earth's surface, and the 18O/16O ratio of the oxygen produced and consumed varies with climatic conditions. As a consequence, the history of climate is reflected in the deviation of the 18O/16O of air (delta18Oatm) from seawater delta18O (known as the Dole effect). We report variations in delta18Oatm over the past 60,000 years related to Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, two modes of abrupt climate change observed during the last ice age. Correlations with cave records support the hypothesis that the Dole effect is primarily governed by the strength of the Asian and North African monsoons and confirm that widespread changes in low-latitude terrestrial rainfall accompanied abrupt climate change. The rapid delta18Oatm changes can also be used to synchronize ice records by providing global time markers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- Beaudette, Ross -- Headly, Melissa A -- Taylor, Kendrick -- Brook, Edward J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1431-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1169473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0244, USA. jseveringhaus@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; Seawater/chemistry ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Plant science. An invasive plant paradox (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rout, Marnie E -- Callaway, Ragan M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):734-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1173651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. marnie.rout@mso.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/chemistry ; Plants/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Microbiology. Getting in touch with your friends (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Christopher J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1150-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1173088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmarx@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Flagella/physiology ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Methanobacteriaceae/*physiology ; *Microbiological Processes ; Movement ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
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    Rapid resurgence of marine productivity after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: The course of the biotic recovery after the impact-related disruption of photosynthesis and mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has been intensely debated. The resurgence of marine primary production in the aftermath remains poorly constrained because of the paucity of fossil records tracing primary producers that lack skeletons. Here we present a high-resolution record of geochemical variation in the remarkably thick Fiskeler (also known as the Fish Clay) boundary layer at Kulstirenden, Denmark. Converging evidence from the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen and abundances of algal steranes and bacterial hopanes indicates that algal primary productivity was strongly reduced for only a brief period of possibly less than a century after the impact, followed by a rapid resurgence of carbon fixation and ecological reorganization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sepulveda, Julio -- Wendler, Jens E -- Summons, Roger E -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):129-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1176233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organic Geochemistry Group, Department of Geosciences, and Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany. juliosep@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cyanobacteria/physiology ; Denmark ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; Polycyclic Compounds/analysis ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Time ; Triterpenes/analysis
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    Plant genetics. How sorghum withstands heat and drought (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 30;323(5914):573. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5914.573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Droughts ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Hot Temperature ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sorghum/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology
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    Geochemistry. Life on an anaerobic planet (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westall, Frances -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):471-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1167220.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS and Universite d'Orleans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orleans cedex 2, France. Frances.Westall@cnrs-orleans.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Chemical Precipitation ; *Earth (Planet) ; Evolution, Planetary ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/*microbiology ; Organic Chemicals/analysis ; Photosynthesis
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    Viral glycosphingolipids induce lytic infection and cell death in marine phytoplankton (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Marine viruses that infect phytoplankton are recognized as a major ecological and evolutionary driving force, shaping community structure and nutrient cycling in the marine environment. Little is known about the signal transduction pathways mediating viral infection. We show that viral glycosphingolipids regulate infection of Emiliania huxleyi, a cosmopolitan coccolithophore that plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. These sphingolipids derive from an unprecedented cluster of biosynthetic genes in Coccolithovirus genomes, are synthesized de novo during lytic infection, and are enriched in virion membranes. Purified glycosphingolipids induced biochemical hallmarks of programmed cell death in an uninfected host. These lipids were detected in coccolithophore populations in the North Atlantic, which highlights their potential as biomarkers for viral infection in the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vardi, Assaf -- Van Mooy, Benjamin A S -- Fredricks, Helen F -- Popendorf, Kimberly J -- Ossolinski, Justin E -- Haramaty, Liti -- Bidle, Kay D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):861-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1177322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Viral ; Glycosphingolipids/analysis/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Photosynthesis ; Phycodnaviridae/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/chemistry/cytology/*physiology/*virology ; *Seawater/chemistry/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Replication
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    Ecology. Green with complexity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, Shahid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):913-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1154770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. sn2121@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Grasshoppers ; Photosynthesis ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Spiders
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    Climate change. Ecosystem disturbance, carbon, and climate (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Running, Steven W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):652-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1159607.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. swr@ntsg.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Insects ; *Models, Theoretical ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Trees
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    Geology. The story of O2 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- Isozaki, Yukio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):540-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1162641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Time ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Ocean acidification in response to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures is widely expected to reduce calcification by marine organisms. From the mid-Mesozoic, coccolithophores have been major calcium carbonate producers in the world's oceans, today accounting for about a third of the total marine CaCO3 production. Here, we present laboratory evidence that calcification and net primary production in the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi are significantly increased by high CO2 partial pressures. Field evidence from the deep ocean is consistent with these laboratory conclusions, indicating that over the past 220 years there has been a 40% increase in average coccolith mass. Our findings show that coccolithophores are already responding and will probably continue to respond to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures, which has important implications for biogeochemical modeling of future oceans and climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iglesias-Rodriguez, M Debora -- Halloran, Paul R -- Rickaby, Rosalind E M -- Hall, Ian R -- Colmenero-Hidalgo, Elena -- Gittins, John R -- Green, Darryl R H -- Tyrrell, Toby -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- von Dassow, Peter -- Rehm, Eric -- Armbrust, E Virginia -- Boessenkool, Karin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):336-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1154122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Eukaryota/growth & development/*physiology ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology
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    The circadian clock in Arabidopsis roots is a simplified slave version of the clock in shoots (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: The circadian oscillator in eukaryotes consists of several interlocking feedback loops through which the expression of clock genes is controlled. It is generally assumed that all plant cells contain essentially identical and cell-autonomous multiloop clocks. Here, we show that the circadian clock in the roots of mature Arabidopsis plants differs markedly from that in the shoots and that the root clock is synchronized by a photosynthesis-related signal from the shoot. Two of the feedback loops of the plant circadian clock are disengaged in roots, because two key clock components, the transcription factors CCA1 and LHY, are able to inhibit gene expression in shoots but not in roots. Thus, the plant clock is organ-specific but not organ-autonomous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, Allan B -- Monreal, Jose A -- Nimmo, Gillian A -- Kelly, Ciaran L -- Herzyk, Pawel -- Jenkins, Gareth I -- Nimmo, Hugh G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1832-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1161403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Biological Clocks/genetics ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Darkness ; Diuron/pharmacology ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Genes, Plant ; Light ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/genetics/*physiology ; Plant Shoots/genetics/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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    Globally distributed uncultivated oceanic N2-fixing cyanobacteria lack oxygenic photosystem II (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation is important in controlling biological productivity and carbon flux in the oceans. Unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria have only recently been discovered and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. Metagenomic analysis of flow cytometry-sorted cells shows that unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria in "group A" (UCYN-A) lack genes for the oxygen-evolving photosystem II and for carbon fixation, which has implications for oceanic carbon and nitrogen cycling and raises questions regarding the evolution of photosynthesis and N2 fixation on Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zehr, Jonathan P -- Bench, Shellie R -- Carter, Brandon J -- Hewson, Ian -- Niazi, Faheem -- Shi, Tuo -- Tripp, H James -- Affourtit, Jason P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1110-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1165340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zehrj@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria/cytology/*genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flow Cytometry ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen Fixation/*genetics ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/*genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Seawater/*microbiology
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    Comment on "Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world" (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: Iglesias-Rodriguez et al. (Research Articles, 18 April 2008, p. 336) reported that the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi doubles its organic matter production and calcification in response to high carbon dioxide partial pressures, contrary to previous laboratory and field studies. We argue that shortcomings in their experimental protocol compromise the interpretation of their data and the resulting conclusions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riebesell, Ulf -- Bellerby, Richard G J -- Engel, Anja -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hutchins, David A -- Reusch, Thorsten B H -- Schulz, Kai G -- Morel, Francois M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1466; author reply 1466. doi: 10.1126/science.1161096.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, IFM-GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. uriebesell@ifm-geomar.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Research Design
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    In situ formation of an oxygen-evolving catalyst in neutral water containing phosphate and Co2+ (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: The utilization of solar energy on a large scale requires its storage. In natural photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to rearrange the bonds of water to oxygen and hydrogen equivalents. The realization of artificial systems that perform "water splitting" requires catalysts that produce oxygen from water without the need for excessive driving potentials. Here we report such a catalyst that forms upon the oxidative polarization of an inert indium tin oxide electrode in phosphate-buffered water containing cobalt (II) ions. A variety of analytical techniques indicates the presence of phosphate in an approximate 1:2 ratio with cobalt in this material. The pH dependence of the catalytic activity also implicates the hydrogen phosphate ion as the proton acceptor in the oxygen-producing reaction. This catalyst not only forms in situ from earth-abundant materials but also operates in neutral water under ambient conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanan, Matthew W -- Nocera, Daniel G -- F32GM07782903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1072-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1162018. Epub 2008 Jul 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Catalysis ; Cobalt/*chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Electrodes ; Electrolysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*chemistry ; Phosphates/*chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Potassium Compounds/chemistry ; Water/*chemistry
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    Blue revolution brings risks and rewards (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lightfoot, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):771-2. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5890.771.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Agriculture/*methods ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/metabolism ; Disasters ; *Genes, Plant ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Plants/*genetics/metabolism ; *Water
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    Effects of predator hunting mode on grassland ecosystem function (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The way predators control their prey populations is determined by the interplay between predator hunting mode and prey antipredator behavior. It is uncertain, however, how the effects of such interplay control ecosystem function. A 3-year experiment in grassland mesocosms revealed that actively hunting spiders reduced plant species diversity and enhanced aboveground net primary production and nitrogen mineralization rate, whereas sit-and-wait ambush spiders had opposite effects. These effects arise from the different responses to the two different predators by their grasshopper prey-the dominant herbivore species that controls plant species composition and accordingly ecosystem functioning. Predator hunting mode is thus a key functional trait that can help to explain variation in the nature of top-down control of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmitz, Oswald J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):952-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1152355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. oswald.schmitz@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biodiversity ; Connecticut ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; *Grasshoppers ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Random Allocation ; Solidago/metabolism ; *Spiders
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    The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Virtually all nonequilibrium electron transfers on Earth are driven by a set of nanobiological machines composed largely of multimeric protein complexes associated with a small number of prosthetic groups. These machines evolved exclusively in microbes early in our planet's history yet, despite their antiquity, are highly conserved. Hence, although there is enormous genetic diversity in nature, there remains a relatively stable set of core genes coding for the major redox reactions essential for life and biogeochemical cycles. These genes created and coevolved with biogeochemical cycles and were passed from microbe to microbe primarily by horizontal gene transfer. A major challenge in the coming decades is to understand how these machines evolved, how they work, and the processes that control their activity on both molecular and planetary scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- Fenchel, Tom -- Delong, Edward F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1034-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@marine.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/*metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Atmosphere ; Bacteria/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecosystem ; Elements ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Thermodynamics
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    A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon dioxide assimilation pathway in Archaea (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: The assimilation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic material is quantitatively the most important biosynthetic process. We discovered that an autotrophic member of the archaeal order Sulfolobales, Metallosphaera sedula, fixed CO2 with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the key carboxylating enzyme. In this system, one acetyl-CoA and two bicarbonate molecules were reductively converted via 3-hydroxypropionate to succinyl-CoA. This intermediate was reduced to 4-hydroxybutyrate and converted into two acetyl-CoA molecules via 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase. The key genes of this pathway were found not only in Metallosphaera but also in Sulfolobus, Archaeoglobus, and Cenarchaeum species. Moreover, the Global Ocean Sampling database contains half as many 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase sequences as compared with those found for another key photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. This indicates the importance of this enzyme in global carbon cycling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berg, Ivan A -- Kockelkorn, Daniel -- Buckel, Wolfgang -- Fuchs, Georg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1782-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mikrobiologie, Fakultat Biologie, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism ; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/genetics/metabolism ; Autotrophic Processes ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Genes, Archaeal ; Hydro-Lyases/genetics/metabolism ; Hydroxybutyrates/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lactic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Sulfolobaceae/genetics/*metabolism
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    Ocean science. Highly active eddies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaels, Anthony F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):992-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. tony@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton/*growth & development/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/analysis ; *Water Movements
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    Legumes symbioses: absence of Nod genes in photosynthetic bradyrhizobia (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Leguminous plants (such as peas and soybeans) and rhizobial soil bacteria are symbiotic partners that communicate through molecular signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of nodules on legume roots and occasionally stems that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nodule formation has been assumed to be exclusively initiated by the binding of bacterial, host-specific lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors, encoded by the nodABC genes, to kinase-like receptors of the plant. Here we show by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes. Mutational analyses indicated that these unique rhizobia use an alternative pathway to initiate symbioses, where a purine derivative may play a key role in triggering nodule formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giraud, Eric -- Moulin, Lionel -- Vallenet, David -- Barbe, Valerie -- Cytryn, Eddie -- Avarre, Jean-Christophe -- Jaubert, Marianne -- Simon, Damien -- Cartieaux, Fabienne -- Prin, Yves -- Bena, Gilles -- Hannibal, Laure -- Fardoux, Joel -- Kojadinovic, Mila -- Vuillet, Laurie -- Lajus, Aurelie -- Cruveiller, Stephane -- Rouy, Zoe -- Mangenot, Sophie -- Segurens, Beatrice -- Dossat, Carole -- Franck, William L -- Chang, Woo-Suk -- Saunders, Elizabeth -- Bruce, David -- Richardson, Paul -- Normand, Philippe -- Dreyfus, Bernard -- Pignol, David -- Stacey, Gary -- Emerich, David -- Vermeglio, Andre -- Medigue, Claudine -- Sadowsky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1307-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Centre de Cooperation International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite Montpellier 2, France. giraud@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bradyrhizobium/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Cytokinins/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Stems/*microbiology ; Purines/biosynthesis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis
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    The Calyptogena magnifica chemoautotrophic symbiont genome (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Chemoautotrophic endosymbionts are the metabolic cornerstone of hydrothermal vent communities, providing invertebrate hosts with nearly all of their nutrition. The Calyptogena magnifica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) symbiont, Candidatus Ruthia magnifica, is the first intracellular sulfur-oxidizing endosymbiont to have its genome sequenced, revealing a suite of metabolic capabilities. The genome encodes major chemoautotrophic pathways as well as pathways for biosynthesis of vitamins, cofactors, and all 20 amino acids required by the clam.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newton, I L G -- Woyke, T -- Auchtung, T A -- Dilly, G F -- Dutton, R J -- Fisher, M C -- Fontanez, K M -- Lau, E -- Stewart, F J -- Richardson, P M -- Barry, K W -- Saunders, E -- Detter, J C -- Wu, D -- Eisen, J A -- Cavanaugh, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):998-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Biolabs 4080, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*microbiology ; Carbon/metabolism ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; Gammaproteobacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
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    Microbiology. A fifth pathway of carbon fixation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thauer, Rudolf K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1732-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany. thauer@mpi-marburg.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/genetics/metabolism ; *Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Archaeal ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Sulfolobaceae/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Plant science. Infectious heresy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Downie, J Allan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1296-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK. allan.downie@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bradyrhizobium/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Cytokinins/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Purines/biosynthesis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis
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    Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Episodic eddy-driven upwelling may supply a significant fraction of the nutrients required to sustain primary productivity of the subtropical ocean. New observations in the northwest Atlantic reveal that, although plankton blooms occur in both cyclones and mode-water eddies, the biological responses differ. Mode-water eddies can generate extraordinary diatom biomass and primary production at depth, relative to the time series near Bermuda. These blooms are sustained by eddy/wind interactions, which amplify the eddy-induced upwelling. In contrast, eddy/wind interactions dampen eddy-induced upwelling in cyclones. Carbon export inferred from oxygen anomalies in eddy cores is one to three times as much as annual new production for the region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGillicuddy, Dennis J Jr -- Anderson, Laurence A -- Bates, Nicholas R -- Bibby, Thomas -- Buesseler, Ken O -- Carlson, Craig A -- Davis, Cabell S -- Ewart, Courtney -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Goldthwait, Sarah A -- Hansell, Dennis A -- Jenkins, William J -- Johnson, Rodney -- Kosnyrev, Valery K -- Ledwell, James R -- Li, Qian P -- Siegel, David A -- Steinberg, Deborah K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1021-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541, USA. dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/physiology ; Diatoms/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Plankton/*growth & development/physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; *Water Movements ; *Wind ; Zooplankton/growth & development/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Don't forget long-term fundamental research in energy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: Achieving a fundamental understanding of the phenomena that will underpin both global stewardship and future technologies in energy calls for a thoughtful balance between large-scale immediate solutions using existing technology and the fundamental research needed to provide better solutions in the 50-year period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitesides, George M -- Crabtree, George W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):796-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Biotechnology ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; Photosynthesis ; *Research ; Solar Energy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Mesoscale eddies may play a critical role in ocean biogeochemistry by increasing nutrient supply, primary production, and efficiency of the biological pump, that is, the ratio of carbon export to primary production in otherwise nutrient-deficient waters. We examined a diatom bloom within a cold-core cyclonic eddy off Hawaii. Eddy primary production, community biomass, and size composition were markedly enhanced but had little effect on the carbon export ratio. Instead, the system functioned as a selective silica pump. Strong trophic coupling and inefficient organic export may be general characteristics of community perturbation responses in the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Dickey, Tommy D -- Landry, Michael R -- Leonard, Carrie L -- Brown, Susan L -- Nencioli, Francesco -- Rii, Yoshimi M -- Maiti, Kanchan -- Becker, Jamie W -- Bibby, Thomas S -- Black, Wil -- Cai, Wei-Jun -- Carlson, Craig A -- Chen, Feizhou -- Kuwahara, Victor S -- Mahaffey, Claire -- McAndrew, Patricia M -- Quay, Paul D -- Rappe, Michael S -- Selph, Karen E -- Simmons, Melinda P -- Yang, Eun Jin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1017-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. cbnelson@geol.sc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Diatoms/*growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Hawaii ; Nitrates ; Nitrites/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Silicic Acid/analysis ; Silicon Dioxide/*analysis ; Temperature ; *Water Movements ; Zooplankton/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Polar science. Sailing the southern sea (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1520-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; Biomass ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Eukaryota/*growth & development/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Vitamin B 12/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Photosymbiosis and the evolution of modern coral reefs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanley, George D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):857-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Montana Paleontology Center, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. george.stanley@umontana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development/*physiology ; Fossils ; Photosynthesis ; Sunlight ; *Symbiosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Climate change and crop yields: beyond Cassandra (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1889-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA. schimel@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Models, Theoretical ; Photosynthesis ; Temperature ; Zea mays/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Tracing oxygen's imprint on earth's metabolic evolution (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1724-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Electron Transport ; Electrons ; Energy Metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Water/metabolism
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    Ecology. Plant wannabes (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/*physiology ; Digestive System/anatomy & histology/microbiology ; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Gastropoda/genetics/microbiology/*physiology ; Genes ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. A starving majority deep beneath the seafloor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):932-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany. bjoergen@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Radioisotopes/*metabolism ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Water/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ragauskas, Arthur J -- Williams, Charlotte K -- Davison, Brian H -- Britovsek, George -- Cairney, John -- Eckert, Charles A -- Frederick, William J Jr -- Hallett, Jason P -- Leak, David J -- Liotta, Charles L -- Mielenz, Jonathan R -- Murphy, Richard -- Templer, Richard -- Tschaplinski, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):484-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; *Biotechnology ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Fermentation ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Polymers ; Public Policy
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    The effect of oxygen on biochemical networks and the evolution of complex life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and ensuing oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere represent a major transition in the history of life. Although many organisms retreated to anoxic environments, others evolved to use oxygen as a high-potential redox couple while concomitantly mitigating its toxicity. To understand the changes in biochemistry and enzymology that accompanied adaptation to O2, we integrated network analysis with information on enzyme evolution to infer how oxygen availability changed the architecture of metabolic networks. Our analysis revealed the existence of four discrete groups of networks of increasing complexity, with transitions between groups being contingent on the presence of key metabolites, including molecular oxygen, which was required for transition into the largest networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, Jason -- Segre, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1764-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microbial Systems Division, Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Databases, Genetic ; Enzymes/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; *Metabolism ; Monte Carlo Method ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    Food for thought: lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Model projections suggest that although increased temperature and decreased soil moisture will act to reduce global crop yields by 2050, the direct fertilization effect of rising carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) will offset these losses. The CO2 fertilization factors used in models to project future yields were derived from enclosure studies conducted approximately 20 years ago. Free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) technology has now facilitated large-scale trials of the major grain crops at elevated [CO2] under fully open-air field conditions. In those trials, elevated [CO2] enhanced yield by approximately 50% less than in enclosure studies. This casts serious doubt on projections that rising [CO2] will fully offset losses due to climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Stephen P -- Ainsworth, Elizabeth A -- Leakey, Andrew D B -- Nosberger, Josef -- Ort, Donald R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1918-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. stevel@life.uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development/metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Forecasting ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Nitrogen ; Ozone ; Photosynthesis ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Sorghum/growth & development/metabolism ; Soybeans/growth & development/metabolism ; Temperature ; Triticum/growth & development/metabolism ; Water ; Zea mays/growth & development/metabolism
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    Forest research. Sky-high experiments (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1314-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Carbon/analysis ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Internationality ; Photosynthesis ; Research Support as Topic ; Soil/analysis ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Experimental drought predicts grim future for rainforest (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Photosynthesis ; *Rain ; Seasons ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
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    In situ stable isotope probing of methanogenic archaea in the rice rhizosphere (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Microorganisms living in anoxic rice soils contribute 10 to 25% of global methane emissions. The most important carbon source for CH4 production is plant-derived carbon that enters soil as root exudates and debris. Pulse labeling of rice plants with 13CO2 resulted in incorporation of 13C into the ribosomal RNA of Rice Cluster I Archaea in the soil, indicating that this archaeal group plays a key role in CH4 production from plant-derived carbon. This group of microorganisms has not yet been isolated but appears to be of global environmental importance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Yahai -- Conrad, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1088-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/classification/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Methane/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/metabolism/*microbiology ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Archaeal/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Earth science. The story of O2 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Bacteria/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen ; Methane/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/analysis/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater
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    Carbon flux and growth in mature deciduous forest trees exposed to elevated CO2 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: Whether rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations will cause forests to grow faster and store more carbon is an open question. Using free air CO2 release in combination with a canopy crane, we found an immediate and sustained enhancement of carbon flux through 35-meter-tall temperate forest trees when exposed to elevated CO2. However, there was no overall stimulation in stem growth and leaf litter production after 4 years. Photosynthetic capacity was not reduced, leaf chemistry changes were minor, and tree species differed in their responses. Although growing vigorously, these trees did not accrete more biomass carbon in stems in response to elevated CO2, thus challenging projections of growth responses derived from tests with smaller trees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korner, Christian -- Asshoff, Roman -- Bignucolo, Olivier -- Hattenschwiler, Stephan -- Keel, Sonja G -- Pelaez-Riedl, Susanna -- Pepin, Steeve -- Siegwolf, Rolf T W -- Zotz, Gerhard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1360-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schonbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. ch.koerner@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Betulaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes ; Ecosystem ; Fagus/growth & development/metabolism ; Lignin/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/growth & development ; Plant Stems/growth & development ; Quercus/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Switzerland ; Trees/*growth & development/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geochemistry. Biogeochemical cycling of iron isotopes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Clark M -- Beard, Brian L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1025-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. clarkj@geology.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Atmosphere ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Iron Isotopes/analysis/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
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  • 77
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    Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces sequestration of root-derived soil carbon (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: Forests have a key role as carbon sinks, which could potentially mitigate the continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and associated climate change. We show that carbon dioxide enrichment, although causing short-term growth stimulation in a range of European tree species, also leads to an increase in soil microbial respiration and a marked decline in sequestration of root-derived carbon in the soil. These findings indicate that, should similar processes operate in forest ecosystems, the size of the annual terrestrial carbon sink may be substantially reduced, resulting in a positive feedback on the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, James -- Ayres, Edward -- Possell, Malcolm -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Black, Helaina I J -- Grant, Helen -- Ineson, Phil -- Kerstiens, Gerhard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1711-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK. j.heath@lancaster.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Betulaceae/genetics/metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Fagaceae/genetics/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Pinaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism ; Plant Roots/growth & development/*metabolism ; Soil/*analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Trees/growth & development/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The rise of oxygen over the past 205 million years and the evolution of large placental mammals (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: On the basis of a carbon isotopic record of both marine carbonates and organic matter from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary to the present, we modeled oxygen concentrations over the past 205 million years. Our analysis indicates that atmospheric oxygen approximately doubled over this period, with relatively rapid increases in the early Jurassic and the Eocene. We suggest that the overall increase in oxygen, mediated by the formation of passive continental margins along the Atlantic Ocean during the opening phase of the current Wilson cycle, was a critical factor in the evolution, radiation, and subsequent increase in average size of placental mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- Katz, Miriam E -- Milligan, Allen J -- Fennel, Katja -- Cramer, Benjamin S -- Aubry, Marie Pierre -- Berner, Robert A -- Novacek, Michael J -- Zapol, Warren M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2202-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Carbon/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Carbonates ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; Placenta/physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reproduction ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis ; Temperature ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tree growth. The sky is not the limit (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1896-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Photosynthesis ; Trees/genetics/*growth & development ; Water
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  • 80
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    Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-triassic superanoxic event (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Carbon and sulfur isotopic data, together with biomarker and iron speciation analyses of the Hovea-3 core that was drilled in the Perth Basin, Western Australia, indicate that euxinic conditions prevailed in the paleowater column during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. Biomarkers diagnostic for anoxygenic photosynthesis by Chlorobiaceae are particularly abundant at the boundary and into the Early Triassic. Similar conditions prevailed in the contemporaneous seas off South China. Our evidence for widespread photiczone euxinic conditions suggests that sulfide toxicity was a driver of the extinction and a factor in the protracted recovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grice, Kliti -- Cao, Changqun -- Love, Gordon D -- Bottcher, Michael E -- Twitchett, Richard J -- Grosjean, Emmanuelle -- Summons, Roger E -- Turgeon, Steven C -- Dunning, William -- Jin, Yugan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):706-9. Epub 2005 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. K.Grice@curtin.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Chlorobi/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/microbiology ; Invertebrates/physiology ; Iron/analysis ; Isotopes ; Light ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfides/analysis/toxicity ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis ; Time ; Western Australia
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: We have applied "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" to microbial populations collected en masse on tangential flow and impact filters from seawater samples collected from the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. A total of 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence was generated, annotated, and analyzed to elucidate the gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms within these environmental samples. These data are estimated to derive from at least 1800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness, including 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. We have identified over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors. Variation in species present and stoichiometry suggests substantial oceanic microbial diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- Remington, Karin -- Heidelberg, John F -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Rusch, Doug -- Eisen, Jonathan A -- Wu, Dongying -- Paulsen, Ian -- Nelson, Karen E -- Nelson, William -- Fouts, Derrick E -- Levy, Samuel -- Knap, Anthony H -- Lomas, Michael W -- Nealson, Ken -- White, Owen -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Hoffman, Jeff -- Parsons, Rachel -- Baden-Tillson, Holly -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Smith, Hamilton O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):66-74. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jcventer@tcag.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Computational Biology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
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    The effects of iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: An unresolved issue in ocean and climate sciences is whether changes to the surface ocean input of the micronutrient iron can alter the flux of carbon to the deep ocean. During the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment, we measured an increase in the flux of particulate carbon from the surface mixed layer, as well as changes in particle cycling below the iron-fertilized patch. The flux of carbon was similar in magnitude to that of natural blooms in the Southern Ocean and thus small relative to global carbon budgets and proposed geoengineering plans to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Andrews, John E -- Pike, Steven M -- Charette, Matthew A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):414-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; *Iron/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Thorium
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    Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Miller, D Jay -- Batzke, Anja -- Blake, Ruth -- Cragg, Barry A -- Cypionka, Heribert -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Holm, Nils G -- Mitterer, Richard -- Spivack, Arthur -- Wang, Guizhi -- Bekins, Barbara -- Engelen, Bert -- Ford, Kathryn -- Gettemy, Glen -- Rutherford, Scott D -- Sass, Henrik -- Skilbeck, C Gregory -- Aiello, Ivano W -- Guerin, Gilles -- House, Christopher H -- Inagaki, Fumio -- Meister, Patrick -- Naehr, Thomas -- Niitsuma, Sachiko -- Parkes, R John -- Schippers, Axel -- Smith, David C -- Teske, Andreas -- Wiegel, Juergen -- Padilla, Christian Naranjo -- Acosta, Juana Luz Solis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2216-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Shipboard Scientific Party, NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    Oceanography. Microbes, molecules, and marine ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Azam, Farooq -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- R01 A146600/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. fazam@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteriophages/growth & development/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Genomics ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Systems Theory ; Viruses/*growth & development/metabolism
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    The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- Berges, John A -- Bowler, Chris -- Green, Beverley R -- Martinez, Diego -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Zhou, Shiguo -- Allen, Andrew E -- Apt, Kirk E -- Bechner, Michael -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Chaal, Balbir K -- Chiovitti, Anthony -- Davis, Aubrey K -- Demarest, Mark S -- Detter, J Chris -- Glavina, Tijana -- Goodstein, David -- Hadi, Masood Z -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Hildebrand, Mark -- Jenkins, Bethany D -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kroger, Nils -- Lau, Winnie W Y -- Lane, Todd W -- Larimer, Frank W -- Lippmeier, J Casey -- Lucas, Susan -- Medina, Monica -- Montsant, Anton -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Parker, Micaela Schnitzler -- Palenik, Brian -- Pazour, Gregory J -- Richardson, Paul M -- Rynearson, Tatiana A -- Saito, Mak A -- Schwartz, David C -- Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee -- Valentin, Klaus -- Vardi, Assaf -- Wilkerson, Frances P -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):79-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromosomes ; DNA/genetics ; Diatoms/chemistry/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; *Genome ; Iron/metabolism ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plastids/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silicic Acid/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Urea/metabolism
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    The secret life of fungi (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Fungi/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Orchidaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; Plants/microbiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; *Symbiosis
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  • 87
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    Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coale, Kenneth H -- Johnson, Kenneth S -- Chavez, Francisco P -- Buesseler, Ken O -- Barber, Richard T -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Cochlan, William P -- Millero, Frank J -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Bauer, James E -- Wanninkhof, Rik H -- Kudela, Raphael M -- Altabet, Mark A -- Hales, Burke E -- Takahashi, Taro -- Landry, Michael R -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Wang, Xiujun -- Chase, Zanna -- Strutton, Pete G -- Friederich, Gernot E -- Gorbunov, Maxim Y -- Lance, Veronica P -- Hilting, Anna K -- Hiscock, Michael R -- Demarest, Mark -- Hiscock, William T -- Sullivan, Kevin F -- Tanner, Sara J -- Gordon, R Mike -- Hunter, Craig N -- Elrod, Virginia A -- Fitzwater, Steve E -- Jones, Janice L -- Tozzi, Sasha -- Koblizek, Michal -- Roberts, Alice E -- Herndon, Julian -- Brewster, Jodi -- Ladizinsky, Nicolas -- Smith, Geoffrey -- Cooper, David -- Timothy, David -- Brown, Susan L -- Selph, Karen E -- Sheridan, Cecelia C -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Johnson, Zackary I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):408-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039-9647, USA. coale@mlml.calstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Diatoms/growth & development/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Iron/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrates/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; *Silicic Acid/analysis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 88
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    Fungal proliferation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vajda, Vivi -- McLoughlin, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden. vivi.vajda@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Coal ; Ferns/growth & development ; Fungi/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hyphae/isolation & purification ; Mining ; New Zealand ; *Paleontology ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Pollen ; Spores/isolation & purification ; Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Carbon in Amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarem, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saleska, Scott R -- Miller, Scott D -- Matross, Daniel M -- Goulden, Michael L -- Wofsy, Steven C -- da Rocha, Humberto R -- de Camargo, Plinio B -- Crill, Patrick -- Daube, Bruce C -- de Freitas, Helber C -- Hutyra, Lucy -- Keller, Michael -- Kirchhoff, Volker -- Menton, Mary -- Munger, J William -- Pyle, Elizabeth Hammond -- Rice, Amy H -- Silva, Hudson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. saleska@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism ; Confidence Intervals ; *Ecosystem ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; *Seasons ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism ; Wood
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  • 90
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    Botany. State transitions--a question of balance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. john.allen@plantbio.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Plastoquinone/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thylakoids/*enzymology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 91
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    Climate change. Will ocean fertilization work? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Boyd, Philip W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):67-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Iron ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 92
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    The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: Planktonic uptake of some essential metals results in extraordinarily low concentrations in surface seawater. To sequester or take up these micronutrients, various microorganisms apparently release strong complexing agents and catalyze redox reactions that modify the bioavailability of trace metals and promote their rapid cycling in the upper water column. In turn, the low availability of some metals controls the rate of photosynthesis in parts of the oceans and the transformation and uptake of major nutrients such as nitrogen. The extremely low concentrations of several essential metals are both the cause and the result of ultraefficient uptake systems in the plankton and of widespread replacement of metals by one another for various biochemical functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morel, F M M -- Price, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):944-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. morel@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Chelating Agents/metabolism ; Metals/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*metabolism ; Plankton/growth & development/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry/microbiology ; Trace Elements/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Role of chloroplast protein kinase Stt7 in LHCII phosphorylation and state transition in Chlamydomonas (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: Photosynthetic organisms adapt to changes in light quality by redistributing light excitation energy between two photosystems through state transition. This reorganization of antenna systems leads to an enhanced photosynthetic yield. Using a genetic approach in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to dissect the signal transduction pathway of state transition, we identified a chloroplast thylakoid-associated serine-threonine protein kinase, Stt7, that has homologs in land plants. Stt7 is required for the phosphorylation of the major light-harvesting protein (LHCII) and for state transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Depege, Nathalie -- Bellafiore, Stephane -- Rochaix, Jean-David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1572-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/enzymology ; Cosmids ; DNA, Complementary ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Fluorescence ; Genes ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Thylakoids/*enzymology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 94
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    Ecology. Global climate change strikes a tropical lake (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Livingstone, Daniel A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and the Division of Earth and Ocean Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. livingst@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diatoms/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes/physiology ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Greenhouse Effect ; Mollusca/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton/physiology ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 95
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    Paleoclimate. Corals, chemistry, and climate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrag, Daniel P -- Linsley, Braddock K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):277-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Geochemical Oceanography, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. schrag@eps.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Climate ; Cnidaria/*chemistry/growth & development/physiology ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Strontium/analysis ; *Symbiosis ; Temperature ; Time ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 96
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    Photosynthetic light harvesting by carotenoids: detection of an intermediate excited state (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: We present the first direct evidence of the presence of an intermediate singlet excited state (Sx) mediating the internal conversion from S2 to S1 in carotenoids. The S2 to Sx transition is extremely fast and is completed within approximately 50 femtoseconds. These results require a reassessment of the energy transfer pathways from carotenoids to chlorophylls in the primary step of photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerullo, G -- Polli, D -- Lanzani, G -- De Silvestri, S -- Hashimoto, H -- Cogdell, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science (INFM), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. giulio.cerullo@fisi.polimi.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carotenoids/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chemistry, Physical ; Chlorophyll/chemistry/metabolism ; Cyclohexanes ; Energy Transfer ; *Light ; Photosynthesis ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; beta Carotene/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 97
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    Paleontology. Earliest signs of life just oddly shaped crud? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; *Bacteria/cytology ; Cyanobacteria/cytology ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/*microbiology ; *Life ; Paleontology ; Photosynthesis
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  • 98
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    Ecology. Looking beneath the surface (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morgan, Jack A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. morgan@lamar.colostate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; California ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Photosynthesis ; Poaceae/*growth & development/metabolism ; Soil ; Temperature
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  • 99
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    Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: Two autonomous robotic profiling floats deployed in the subarctic North Pacific on 10 April 2001 provided direct records of carbon biomass variability from surface to 1000 meters below surface at daily and diurnal time scales. Eight months of real-time data documented the marine biological response to natural events, including hydrographic changes, multiple storms, and the April 2001 dust event. High-frequency observations of upper ocean particulate organic carbon variability show a near doubling of biomass in the mixed layer over a 2-week period after the passage of a cloud of Gobi desert dust. The temporal evolution of particulate organic carbon enhancement and an increase in chlorophyll use efficiency after the dust storm suggest a biotic response to a natural iron fertilization by the dust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, James K B -- Davis, Russ E -- Sherman, Jeffrey T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):817-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA. JKBishop@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; *Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Dust ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Robotics ; *Seawater ; *Wind
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Life and the evolution of Earth's atmosphere (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Harvesting light to produce energy and oxygen (photosynthesis) is the signature of all land plants. This ability was co-opted from a precocious and ancient form of life known as cyanobacteria. Today these bacteria, as well as microscopic algae, supply oxygen to the atmosphere and churn out fixed nitrogen in Earth's vast oceans. Microorganisms may also have played a major role in atmosphere evolution before the rise of oxygen. Under the more dim light of a young sun cooler than today's, certain groups of anaerobic bacteria may have been pumping out large amounts of methane, thereby keeping the early climate warm and inviting. The evolution of Earth's atmosphere is linked tightly to the evolution of its biota.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasting, James F -- Siefert, Janet L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1066-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, 443 Deike, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. kasting@essc.psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/*physiology ; Earth (Planet) ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Euryarchaeota/*physiology ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Methane/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Symbiosis ; Water Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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