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  • 1
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    Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: Two autonomous robotic profiling floats deployed in the subarctic North Pacific on 10 April 2001 provided direct records of carbon biomass variability from surface to 1000 meters below surface at daily and diurnal time scales. Eight months of real-time data documented the marine biological response to natural events, including hydrographic changes, multiple storms, and the April 2001 dust event. High-frequency observations of upper ocean particulate organic carbon variability show a near doubling of biomass in the mixed layer over a 2-week period after the passage of a cloud of Gobi desert dust. The temporal evolution of particulate organic carbon enhancement and an increase in chlorophyll use efficiency after the dust storm suggest a biotic response to a natural iron fertilization by the dust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, James K B -- Davis, Russ E -- Sherman, Jeffrey T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):817-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA. JKBishop@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; *Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Dust ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Robotics ; *Seawater ; *Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Revisiting carbon flux through the ocean's twilight zone (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: The oceanic biological pump drives sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep sea via sinking particles. Rapid biological consumption and remineralization of carbon in the "twilight zone" (depths between the euphotic zone and 1000 meters) reduce the efficiency of sequestration. By using neutrally buoyant sediment traps to sample this chronically understudied realm, we measured a transfer efficiency of sinking particulate organic carbon between 150 and 500 meters of 20 and 50% at two contrasting sites. This large variability in transfer efficiency is poorly represented in biogeochemical models. If applied globally, this is equivalent to a difference in carbon sequestration of more than 3 petagrams of carbon per year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Lamborg, Carl H -- Boyd, Philip W -- Lam, Phoebe J -- Trull, Thomas W -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Bishop, James K B -- Casciotti, Karen L -- Dehairs, Frank -- Elskens, Marc -- Honda, Makio -- Karl, David M -- Siegel, David A -- Silver, Mary W -- Steinberg, Deborah K -- Valdes, Jim -- Van Mooy, Benjamin -- Wilson, Stephanie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Copepoda/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Zooplankton/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55 degrees during SOFeX (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Autonomous floats profiling in high-nitrate low-silicate waters of the Southern Ocean observed carbon biomass variability and carbon exported to depths of 100 m during the 2002 Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) to detect the effects of iron fertilization of surface water there. Control and "in-patch" measurements documented a greater than fourfold enhancement of carbon biomass in the iron-amended waters. Carbon export through 100 m increased two- to sixfold as the patch subducted below a front. The molar ratio of iron added to carbon exported ranged between 10(4) and 10(5). The biomass buildup and export were much higher than expected for iron-amended low-silicate waters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, James K B -- Wood, Todd J -- Davis, Russ E -- Sherman, Jeffrey T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):417-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. JKBishop@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Robotics ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Li superconducting isotope effect pressure [Physics] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-08
    Description: We measured the superconducting transition temperature of 6Li between 16 and 26 GPa, and report the lightest system to exhibit superconductivity to date. The superconducting phase diagram of 6Li is compared with that of 7Li through simultaneous measurement in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Below 21 GPa, Li exhibits a...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Contrasting CO2concentration discharge dynamics in headwater streams: a multi-catchment comparison (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: [1]  Aquatic CO 2 concentrations are highly variable and strongly linked to discharge but until recently measurements have been largely restricted to low-frequency manual sampling. Using new in-situ CO 2 sensors we present concurrent, high-frequency (〈30-min resolution) CO 2 concentration and discharge data collected from five catchments across Canada, UK and Fennoscandinavia to explore concentration-discharge dynamics; we also consider the relative importance of high flows to lateral aquatic CO 2 export. The catchments encompassed a wide range of mean CO 2 concentrations (0.73 – 3.05 mg C L -1 ) and hydrological flow regimes from flashy peatland streams to muted outflows within a Finnish lake-system. In three of the catchments CO 2 concentrations displayed clear bimodal distributions indicating distinct CO 2 sources. Concentration-discharge relationships were not consistent across sites with three of the catchments displaying a negative relationship and two catchments displaying a positive relationship. When individual high flow events were considered, we found a strong correlation between both the average magnitude of the hydrological and CO 2 response peaks, and the average response lag times. An analysis of lateral CO 2 export showed that in three of the catchments the top 30% of flow (i.e. flow that was exceeded only 30% of the time) had the greatest influence on total annual load. This indicates that an increase in precipitation extremes (greater high-flow contributions) may have a greater influence on the flushing of CO 2 from soils to surface waters than a long-term increase in mean annual precipitation, assuming source limitation does not occur.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Global Spatial and Temporal Variation of Cd:P in Euphotic Zone Particulates (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-26
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 7
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    Robotic observations of high wintertime carbon export in California coastal waters (2016)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-25
    Description: Biologically mediated particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC) export from surface waters is the principal determinant of the vertical oceanic distribution of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon and thus sets the conditions for air sea exchange of CO2; exported organic matter also provides the energy fuelling communities in the mesopelagic zone. However, observations are temporally and spatially sparse. Here we report first hourly-resolved optically-quantified POC and PIC sedimentation rate time series from autonomous Lagrangian Carbon Flux Explorers (CFEs), which monitor particle flux using imaging at depths below 140 m in the Santa Cruz Basin, CA in May 2012, and in January and March 2013. Highest POC vertical flux (~100–240 mmol C m−2 d−1) occurred in January, when most settling material was mm to cm-sized aggregates, but when surface biomass was low; fluxes were ~18 and 6 mmol C m−2 d−1, respectively in March and May, under high surface biomass conditions. An unexpected discovery was that January 2013 fluxes measured by CFE were 20 times higher than simultaneously deployed surface-tethered sediment traps and which multiple lines of evidence indicate strong under sampling of aggregates larger than 1 mm. Furthermore, the Jan 2013 CFE fluxes were about 10 times higher compared to highest previous nearby multi year sediment trap observations. The strength of carbon export in biologically dynamic California coastal waters is likely underestimated by a factor of between 3 and 20.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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