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  • 1
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    In situ characterization of the formation of a mixed conducting phase on the surface of yttria-stabilized zirconia near Pt electrodes (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: Author(s): D. A. Siegel, F. El Gabaly, K. F. McCarty, and N. C. Bartelt The electrochemical reactions of solid oxide fuel cells occur in the region where gas-phase species, electrode, and electrolyte coincide. When the electrode is an ionic insulator and the electrolyte is an electronic insulator, this triple phase boundary is assumed to have atomic dimensions. Here we … [Phys. Rev. B 92, 125421] Published Tue Sep 15, 2015
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Decoupling of net community and export production on submesoscales in the Sargasso Sea (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-19
    Description: Determinations of the net community production (NCP) in the upper ocean and the particle export production (EP) should balance over long time and large spatial scales. However, recent modeling studies suggest that a horizontal decoupling of flux-regulating processes on submesoscales (≤10 km) could lead to imbalances between individual determinations of NCP and EP. Here we sampled mixed-layer biogeochemical parameters and proxies for NCP and EP during ten, high spatial-resolution (~2 km) surface transects across strong physical gradients in the Sargasso Sea. We observed strong biogeochemical and carbon flux variability in nearly all transects. Spatial coherence among measured biogeochemical parameters within transects was common, but rarely did the same parameters co-vary consistently across transects. Spatial variability was greater in parameters associated with higher trophic levels, such as chlorophyll in 〉 5.0 µm particles, and variability in EP exceeded that of NCP in nearly all cases. Within sampling transects, coincident EP and NCP determinations were uncorrelated. However when averaged over each transect (30 to 40 km in length), we found NCP and EP to be significantly and positively correlated (R = 0.72, p = 0.04). Transect-averaged EP determinations were slightly smaller than similar NCP values (Type-II regression slope of 0.93, std = 0.32); but not significantly different from a 1:1 relationship. The results show the importance of appropriate sampling scales when deriving carbon flux budgets from upper ocean observations.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Bio-optical footprints created by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-14
    Description: We investigate the bio-optical footprints made by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea and the processes that create them through an eddy-centric approach. Many (〉10,000) eddies are identified and followed in time using satellite altimetry observations and the spatial ocean color patterns surrounding each eddy are assessed. We find through a sequence of statistical hypothesis tests that not one but several mechanisms (i.e., eddy pumping, eddy advection and eddy-Ekman pumping) are responsible for the spatial-temporal ocean color patterns following individual eddies. Both eddy pumping and the eddy-Ekman pumping mechanisms alter subsurface nutrient distributions thereby driving biogeochemical cycles, while the eddy advection mechanism to first order stirs existing horizontal gradients in bio-optical properties. This work illustrates both the promise and some of the limitations of satellite observations for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of mesoscale eddies.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Ytterbium-driven strong enhancement of electron-phonon coupling in graphene (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: Author(s): Choongyu Hwang, Duck Young Kim, D. A. Siegel, Kevin T. Chan, J. Noffsinger, A. V. Fedorov, Marvin L. Cohen, Börje Johansson, J. B. Neaton, and A. Lanzara We present a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study in conjunction with first-principles calculations to investigate how the interaction of electrons with phonons in graphene is modified by the presence of Yb. We find that the charges transferred from Yb to the graphene laye... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 115417] Published Mon Sep 15, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Revisiting carbon flux through the ocean's twilight zone (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: The oceanic biological pump drives sequestration of carbon dioxide in the deep sea via sinking particles. Rapid biological consumption and remineralization of carbon in the "twilight zone" (depths between the euphotic zone and 1000 meters) reduce the efficiency of sequestration. By using neutrally buoyant sediment traps to sample this chronically understudied realm, we measured a transfer efficiency of sinking particulate organic carbon between 150 and 500 meters of 20 and 50% at two contrasting sites. This large variability in transfer efficiency is poorly represented in biogeochemical models. If applied globally, this is equivalent to a difference in carbon sequestration of more than 3 petagrams of carbon per year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Lamborg, Carl H -- Boyd, Philip W -- Lam, Phoebe J -- Trull, Thomas W -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Bishop, James K B -- Casciotti, Karen L -- Dehairs, Frank -- Elskens, Marc -- Honda, Makio -- Karl, David M -- Siegel, David A -- Silver, Mary W -- Steinberg, Deborah K -- Valdes, Jim -- Van Mooy, Benjamin -- Wilson, Stephanie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Copepoda/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Zooplankton/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The North Atlantic spring phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: More than 50 years ago, Harald Sverdrup developed a simple model for the necessary conditions leading to the spring bloom of phytoplankton. Although this model has been used extensively across a variety of aquatic ecosystems, its application requires knowledge of community compensation irradiance (IC), the light level where photosynthetic and ecosystem community loss processes balance. However, reported IC values have varied by an order of magnitude. Here, IC estimates are determined using satellite and hydrographic data sets consistent with the assumptions in Sverdrup's 1953 critical depth hypothesis. Retrieved values of IC are approximately uniform throughout much of the North Atlantic with a mean value of 1.3 mol photons meter-2 day-1. These community-based IC determinations are roughly twice typical values found for phytoplankton alone indicating that phytoplankton account for approximately one-half of community ecosystem losses. This work also suggests that important aspects of heterotrophic community dynamics can be assessed using satellite observations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegel, D A -- Doney, S C -- Yoder, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):730-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Computational Earth System Science and Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, USA. davey@icess.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; *Light ; Mathematics ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Oceanography: Century of phytoplankton change (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegel, David A -- Franz, Bryan A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):569, 571. doi: 10.1038/466569a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Population Density ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Episodic eddy-driven upwelling may supply a significant fraction of the nutrients required to sustain primary productivity of the subtropical ocean. New observations in the northwest Atlantic reveal that, although plankton blooms occur in both cyclones and mode-water eddies, the biological responses differ. Mode-water eddies can generate extraordinary diatom biomass and primary production at depth, relative to the time series near Bermuda. These blooms are sustained by eddy/wind interactions, which amplify the eddy-induced upwelling. In contrast, eddy/wind interactions dampen eddy-induced upwelling in cyclones. Carbon export inferred from oxygen anomalies in eddy cores is one to three times as much as annual new production for the region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGillicuddy, Dennis J Jr -- Anderson, Laurence A -- Bates, Nicholas R -- Bibby, Thomas -- Buesseler, Ken O -- Carlson, Craig A -- Davis, Cabell S -- Ewart, Courtney -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Goldthwait, Sarah A -- Hansell, Dennis A -- Jenkins, William J -- Johnson, Rodney -- Kosnyrev, Valery K -- Ledwell, James R -- Li, Qian P -- Siegel, David A -- Steinberg, Deborah K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1021-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541, USA. dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/physiology ; Diatoms/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Plankton/*growth & development/physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; *Water Movements ; *Wind ; Zooplankton/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Heteroepitaxial growth of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride templated by graphene edges (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: By adapting the concept of epitaxy to two-dimensional space, we show the growth of a single-atomic-layer, in-plane heterostructure of a prototypical material system--graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Monolayer crystalline h-BN grew from fresh edges of monolayer graphene with atomic lattice coherence, forming an abrupt one-dimensional interface, or boundary. More important, the h-BN lattice orientation is solely determined by the graphene, forgoing configurations favored by the supporting copper substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Lei -- Park, Jewook -- Siegel, David A -- McCarty, Kevin F -- Clark, Kendal W -- Deng, Wan -- Basile, Leonardo -- Idrobo, Juan Carlos -- Li, An-Ping -- Gu, Gong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):163-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1246137.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Phytoplankton Pigment Communities Can be Modeled Using Unique Relationships With Spectral Absorption Signatures in a Dynamic Coastal Environment (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-12
    Description: Understanding the roles of phytoplankton community composition in the functioning of marine ecosystems and ocean biogeochemical cycles is important for many ocean science problems of societal relevance. Remote sensing currently offers the only feasible method for continuously assessing phytoplankton community structure on regional to global scales. However, methods are presently hindered by the limited spectral resolution of most satellite sensors and by uncertainties associated with deriving quantitative indices of phytoplankton community structure from phytoplankton pigment concentrations. Here we analyze a data set of concurrent phytoplankton pigment concentrations and phytoplankton absorption coefficient spectra from the Santa Barbara Channel, California, to develop novel optical oceanographic models for retrieving metrics of phytoplankton community composition. Cluster and empirical orthogonal function analyses of phytoplankton pigment concentrations are used to define up to 5 phytoplankton pigment communities as a representation of phytoplankton functional types. Unique statistical relationships are found between phytoplankton pigment communities and absorption features isolated using spectral derivative analysis and are the basis of predictive models. Model performance is substantially better for phytoplankton pigment community indices compared with determinations of the contributions of individual pigments or taxa to chlorophyll a . These results highlight the application of data-driven chemotaxonomic approaches for developing and validating bio-optical algorithms and illustrate the potential and limitations for retrieving phytoplankton community composition from hyperspectral satellite ocean color observations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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