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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have an increased prevalence of extracardiac congenital anomalies (CAs) and risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Exome sequencing of 1213 CHD parent-offspring trios identified an excess of protein-damaging de novo mutations, especially in genes highly expressed in the developing heart and brain. These mutations accounted for 20% of patients with CHD, NDD, and CA but only 2% of patients with isolated CHD. Mutations altered genes involved in morphogenesis, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation, including multiple mutations in RBFOX2, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Genes mutated in other cohorts examined for NDD were enriched in CHD cases, particularly those with coexisting NDD. These findings reveal shared genetic contributions to CHD, NDD, and CA and provide opportunities for improved prognostic assessment and early therapeutic intervention in CHD patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homsy, Jason -- Zaidi, Samir -- Shen, Yufeng -- Ware, James S -- Samocha, Kaitlin E -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- DePalma, Steven R -- McKean, David -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Gorham, Josh -- Jin, Sheng Chih -- Deanfield, John -- Giardini, Alessandro -- Porter, George A Jr -- Kim, Richard -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc -- Tikhonova, Irina -- Mane, Shrikant -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Qi, Hongjian -- Vardarajan, Badri -- Ma, Lijiang -- Daly, Mark -- Roberts, Amy E -- Russell, Mark W -- Mital, Seema -- Newburger, Jane W -- Gaynor, J William -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Iossifov, Ivan -- Ronemus, Michael -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Lifton, Richard P -- Seidman, Christine E -- Chung, Wendy K -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation and Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. ; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/metabolism ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nervous System Malformations/*genetics ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: In vivo mapping of transcription-factor binding to the transcriptional output of the regulated gene is hindered by probabilistic promoter occupancy, the presence of multiple gene copies, and cell-to-cell variability. We demonstrate how to overcome these obstacles in the lysogeny maintenance promoter of bacteriophage lambda, P(RM). We simultaneously measured the concentration of the lambda repressor CI and the number of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from P(RM) in individual Escherichia coli cells, and used a theoretical model to identify the stochastic activity corresponding to different CI binding configurations. We found that switching between promoter configurations is faster than mRNA lifetime and that individual gene copies within the same cell act independently. The simultaneous quantification of transcription factor and promoter activity, followed by stochastic theoretical analysis, provides a tool that can be applied to other genetic circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806797/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806797/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sepulveda, Leonardo A -- Xu, Heng -- Zhang, Jing -- Wang, Mengyu -- Golding, Ido -- R01 GM082837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1218-22. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0635. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. ; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. golding@bcm.edu igolding@illinois.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics/virology ; Gene Dosage ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Lysogeny/genetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Probability ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/*ethics/*standards ; *Oocytes ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Zygote
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Financial Management ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Vaccines/*economics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, Jesse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):418. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jesse Shanahan is a master's student in astronomy at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Career Mobility ; Disabled Persons/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Fear ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Philip A -- Mason, Lucy R -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Sauer, John R -- Alison, Jamie -- Aunins, Ainars -- Brotons, Lluis -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campedelli, Tommaso -- Chodkiewicz, Tomasz -- Chylarecki, Przemyslaw -- Crowe, Olivia -- Elts, Jaanus -- Escandell, Virginia -- Foppen, Ruud P B -- Heldbjerg, Henning -- Herrando, Sergi -- Husby, Magne -- Jiguet, Frederic -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Lindstrom, Ake -- Noble, David G -- Paquet, Jean-Yves -- Reif, Jiri -- Sattler, Thomas -- Szep, Tibor -- Teufelbauer, Norbert -- Trautmann, Sven -- van Strien, Arco J -- van Turnhout, Chris A M -- Vorisek, Petr -- Willis, Stephen G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):84-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4858.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Ecology Group, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. ; Center for Mediterranean Forest Research, Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya, InForest JRU, Solsona 25280, Spain. REAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. ; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. ; MITO2000 National Committee; c/o Dream Italia, Via Garibaldi 3, 52015, Pratovecchio-Stia, Arezzo, Italy. ; Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, Odrowaza 24,05-270 Marki, Poland. ; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland. ; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Street 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. ; Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia/BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid. Spain. ; European Bird Census Council, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening-BirdLife Denmark and University of Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ; European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Placa Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; Section for Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway. ; UMR7204 Sorbonne Universites-MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CESCO, CRBPO, CP 135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. ; The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; The British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. ; Natagora, Departement Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. ; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. ; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, Sostoi ut 31/b, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. ; BirdLife Austria, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. ; Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (Federation of German Avifaunists), An den Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. ; Statistics Netherlands, Post Office Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. ; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Belidle 252/34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Climate Change ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Europe ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells permanently localize to portals of pathogen entry, where they provide immediate protection against reinfection. To enforce tissue retention, Trm cells up-regulate CD69 and down-regulate molecules associated with tissue egress; however, a Trm-specific transcriptional regulator has not been identified. Here, we show that the transcription factor Hobit is specifically up-regulated in Trm cells and, together with related Blimp1, mediates the development of Trm cells in skin, gut, liver, and kidney in mice. The Hobit-Blimp1 transcriptional module is also required for other populations of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including natural killer T (NKT) cells and liver-resident NK cells, all of which share a common transcriptional program. Our results identify Hobit and Blimp1 as central regulators of this universal program that instructs tissue retention in diverse tissue-resident lymphocyte populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackay, Laura K -- Minnich, Martina -- Kragten, Natasja A M -- Liao, Yang -- Nota, Benjamin -- Seillet, Cyril -- Zaid, Ali -- Man, Kevin -- Preston, Simon -- Freestone, David -- Braun, Asolina -- Wynne-Jones, Erica -- Behr, Felix M -- Stark, Regina -- Pellicci, Daniel G -- Godfrey, Dale I -- Belz, Gabrielle T -- Pellegrini, Marc -- Gebhardt, Thomas -- Busslinger, Meinrad -- Shi, Wei -- Carbone, Francis R -- van Lier, Rene A W -- Kallies, Axel -- van Gisbergen, Klaas P J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl. ; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Experimental Immunology, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl. ; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Experimental Immunology, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. lkmackay@unimelb.edu.au kallies@wehi.edu.au k.vangisbergen@sanquin.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator/genetics/*physiology ; Immunologic Memory/*genetics ; Kidney/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Liver/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Natural Killer T-Cells/*immunology ; Skin/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Up-Regulation
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1138-40. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer Simulation ; *Explosions ; *Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; *Nuclear Weapons ; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: Activation of various cell surface receptors triggers the reorganization of downstream signaling molecules into micrometer- or submicrometer-sized clusters. However, the functional consequences of such clustering have been unclear. We biochemically reconstituted a 12-component signaling pathway on model membranes, beginning with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and ending with actin assembly. When TCR phosphorylation was triggered, downstream signaling proteins spontaneously separated into liquid-like clusters that promoted signaling outputs both in vitro and in human Jurkat T cells. Reconstituted clusters were enriched in kinases but excluded phosphatases and enhanced actin filament assembly by recruiting and organizing actin regulators. These results demonstrate that protein phase separation can create a distinct physical and biochemical compartment that facilitates signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaolei -- Ditlev, Jonathon A -- Hui, Enfu -- Xing, Wenmin -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Okrut, Julia -- King, David S -- Taunton, Jack -- Rosen, Michael K -- Vale, Ronald D -- 5-F32-DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):595-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9964. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; HHMI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*agonists ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Transposable elements (TEs) are both a boon and a bane to eukaryotic organisms, depending on where they integrate into the genome and how their sequences function once integrated. We focus on two types of TEs: long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs). LINEs and SINEs are retrotransposons; that is, they transpose via an RNA intermediate. We discuss how LINEs and SINEs have expanded in eukaryotic genomes and contribute to genome evolution. An emerging body of evidence indicates that LINEs and SINEs function to regulate gene expression by affecting chromatin structure, gene transcription, pre-mRNA processing, or aspects of mRNA metabolism. We also describe how adenosine-to-inosine editing influences SINE function and how ongoing retrotransposition is countered by the body's defense mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elbarbary, Reyad A -- Lucas, Bronwyn A -- Maquat, Lynne E -- P30 AR061307/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM074593/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):aac7247. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7247. Epub 2016 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. Department of Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. lynne_maquat@urmc.rochester.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Disease/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Precursors/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):641. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4014. Epub 2016 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt Editor-in-Chief Science Journals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Corrosion ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Michigan ; *Public Health ; Safety/*economics ; Trust ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Supply/*economics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fahlgren, Noah -- Bart, Rebecca -- Herrera-Estrella, Luis -- Rellan-Alvarez, Ruben -- Chitwood, Daniel H -- Dinneny, Jose R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):824. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6275.824-a. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. ; Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad, Irapuato, 36821, Mexico. ; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org. ; Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Food, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects ; Genetic Engineering/*utilization ; Health ; Humans ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects/genetics ; United States ; Zea mays/genetics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):115. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Financing, Organized/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; *Sexism ; United States ; *Women, Working
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):10-1. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉With reporting from Science's news staff.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):277-8. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain ; *Datasets as Topic ; European Union ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Neurosciences/*trends ; United States
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):123. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harold Varmus is the Lewis Thomas University Professor at the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Senior Associate Member of the New York Genome Center, New York, NY; and former director of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. varmus@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; *Leadership ; Medical Oncology/economics/*trends ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/prevention & control ; United States
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, He -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):486. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉He Fu is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. For more on life and careers, visit sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; China ; *International Educational Exchange ; Microbiology/*education ; United States
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Progression through the stages of lymphocyte development requires coordination of the cell cycle. Such coordination ensures genomic integrity while cells somatically rearrange their antigen receptor genes [in a process called variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) recombination] and, upon successful rearrangement, expands the pools of progenitor lymphocytes. Here we show that in developing B lymphocytes, the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are critical for maintaining quiescence before precursor B cell receptor (pre-BCR) expression and for reestablishing quiescence after pre-BCR-induced expansion. These RBPs suppress an evolutionarily conserved posttranscriptional regulon consisting of messenger RNAs whose protein products cooperatively promote transition into the S phase of the cell cycle. This mechanism promotes VDJ recombination and effective selection of cells expressing immunoglobulin-mu at the pre-BCR checkpoint.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galloway, Alison -- Saveliev, Alexander -- Lukasiak, Sebastian -- Hodson, Daniel J -- Bolland, Daniel -- Balmanno, Kathryn -- Ahlfors, Helena -- Monzon-Casanova, Elisa -- Mannurita, Sara Ciullini -- Bell, Lewis S -- Andrews, Simon -- Diaz-Munoz, Manuel D -- Cook, Simon J -- Corcoran, Anne -- Turner, Martin -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):453-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK. ; Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. ; Laboratory of Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. ; Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology ; Conserved Sequence ; Cyclins/metabolism ; G0 Phase/genetics/physiology ; G1 Phase/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Pre-B Cell Receptors ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; S Phase/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tristetraprolin/genetics/*physiology ; V(D)J Recombination
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Muscle contraction depends on release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and reuptake by the Ca(2+)adenosine triphosphatase SERCA. We discovered a putative muscle-specific long noncoding RNA that encodes a peptide of 34 amino acids and that we named dwarf open reading frame (DWORF). DWORF localizes to the SR membrane, where it enhances SERCA activity by displacing the SERCA inhibitors, phospholamban, sarcolipin, and myoregulin. In mice, overexpression of DWORF in cardiomyocytes increases peak Ca(2+) transient amplitude and SR Ca(2+) load while reducing the time constant of cytosolic Ca(2+) decay during each cycle of contraction-relaxation. Conversely, slow skeletal muscle lacking DWORF exhibits delayed Ca(2+) clearance and relaxation and reduced SERCA activity. DWORF is the only endogenous peptide known to activate the SERCA pump by physical interaction and provides a means for enhancing muscle contractility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Benjamin R -- Makarewich, Catherine A -- Anderson, Douglas M -- Winders, Benjamin R -- Troupes, Constantine D -- Wu, Fenfen -- Reese, Austin L -- McAnally, John R -- Chen, Xiongwen -- Kavalali, Ege T -- Cannon, Stephen C -- Houser, Steven R -- Bassel-Duby, Rhonda -- Olson, Eric N -- AR-063182/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK-099653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30AR 067094/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-077439,/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-111665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR063182/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL-100401/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):271-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. ; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. eric.olson@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteolipids/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: The general view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has recently been challenged. In organisms lacking adaptive immunity, as well as in mammals, the innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory." Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic reprogramming, broadly defined as sustained changes in gene expression and cell physiology that do not involve permanent genetic changes such as mutations and recombination, which are essential for adaptive immunity. The discovery of trained immunity may open the door for novel vaccine approaches, new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune deficiency states, and modulation of exaggerated inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Netea, Mihai G -- Joosten, Leo A B -- Latz, Eicke -- Mills, Kingston H G -- Natoli, Gioacchino -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- O'Neill, Luke A J -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):aaf1098. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1098. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl. ; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Institute of Innate Immunity, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. ; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. ; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology ; Infection/*immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Invertebrates/immunology ; Plants/immunology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vaccination ; Vaccines/*immunology
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Postnatal colonization of the body with microbes is assumed to be the main stimulus to postnatal immune development. By transiently colonizing pregnant female mice, we show that the maternal microbiota shapes the immune system of the offspring. Gestational colonization increases intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells and F4/80(+)CD11c(+) mononuclear cells in the pups. Maternal colonization reprograms intestinal transcriptional profiles of the offspring, including increased expression of genes encoding epithelial antibacterial peptides and metabolism of microbial molecules. Some of these effects are dependent on maternal antibodies that potentially retain microbial molecules and transmit them to the offspring during pregnancy and in milk. Pups born to mothers transiently colonized in pregnancy are better able to avoid inflammatory responses to microbial molecules and penetration of intestinal microbes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez de Aguero, Mercedes -- Ganal-Vonarburg, Stephanie C -- Fuhrer, Tobias -- Rupp, Sandra -- Uchimura, Yasuhiro -- Li, Hai -- Steinert, Anna -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Hapfelmeier, Siegfried -- Sauer, Uwe -- McCoy, Kathy D -- Macpherson, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1296-302. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Maurice Muller Laboratories (DKF), Universitatsklinik fur Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. ; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. ; Maurice Muller Laboratories (DKF), Universitatsklinik fur Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. andrew.macpherson@insel.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life ; Immune System/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/genetics/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pregnancy ; Symbiosis ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Bruns and Taylor argue that our finding of widespread distribution among Glomeromycota "virtual taxa" is undermined by the species definition applied. Although identifying appropriate species concepts and accessing taxonomically informative traits are challenges for microorganism biogeography, the virtual taxa represent a pragmatic classification that corresponds approximately to the species rank of classical Glomeromycota taxonomy, yet is applicable to environmental DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opik, Maarja -- Davison, John -- Moora, Mari -- Partel, Meelis -- Zobel, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. maarja.opik@ut.ee. ; Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):207. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bruce Alberts is the Chancellor's Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, and emeritus editor-in-chief of Science. Bruce.Alberts@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Faculty ; Humans ; Leadership ; Policy Making ; *Power (Psychology) ; Schools/*manpower/trends ; Teaching/*manpower/methods/trends ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):394-5. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.394. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Foundations ; Genes ; Genetic Research/*economics ; Great Britain ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: In response to growth signals, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) stimulates anabolic processes underlying cell growth. We found that mTORC1 increases metabolic flux through the de novo purine synthesis pathway in various mouse and human cells, thereby influencing the nucleotide pool available for nucleic acid synthesis. mTORC1 had transcriptional effects on multiple enzymes contributing to purine synthesis, with expression of the mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate (mTHF) cycle enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) being closely associated with mTORC1 signaling in both normal and cancer cells. MTHFD2 expression and purine synthesis were stimulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which was activated by mTORC1 independent of its canonical induction downstream of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Thus, mTORC1 stimulates the mTHF cycle, which contributes one-carbon units to enhance production of purine nucleotides in response to growth signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ben-Sahra, Issam -- Hoxhaj, Gerta -- Ricoult, Stephane J H -- Asara, John M -- Manning, Brendan D -- K99-CA194192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35 CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35-CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):728-33. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bmanning@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase/genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP)/genetics ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, Arlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1117. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5468. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arlene Blum is founder and executive director of the Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, CA. arlene@GreenSciencePolicy.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Product Safety/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Health ; Household Products/*toxicity ; Humans ; Manufactured Materials/*toxicity ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):14. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Databases, Genetic/*economics ; Financial Support ; Human Genome Project/*economics ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/*economics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richmond, Geraldine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):427. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2869. Epub 2016 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geraldine Richmond is president of AAAS and Presidential Chair in Science and professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. richmond@oregon.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Internationality ; United States ; *Water Supply
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):20. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6281.20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Financing, Government ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):325-6. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*organization & administration ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Policy ; United States
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Davison et al. (Reports, 28 August 2015, p. 970) claim that virtual taxa of Glomeromycota show little endemism and that endemism that exists is similar to the levels seen in plant families. We show that this is likely due to the conservative species definition rather than to any ecological pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruns, Thomas D -- Taylor, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. pogon@berkeley.edu. ; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Kraska, James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1258-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. jroman@uvm.edu. ; Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RI 02841, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bays ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cuba ; Diplomacy ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kloor, Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):699. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6223.699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Agriculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Biotechnology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Commerce ; Food Labeling/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Food, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; United States ; Universities
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, Rachel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):269. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6232.269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Engineering/*education/manpower ; Faculty/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics/*education/manpower ; Science/*education/manpower ; Sex Factors ; Technology/*education/manpower ; United States ; Women, Working/*statistics & numerical data
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hackett, Perry -- Carroll, Dana -- P01 HD032652/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1324. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1324.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. hacke004@umn.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; *Government Regulation ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dajani, Rana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1043. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6264.1043-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. rdajani@hu.edu.jo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Art ; Equipment Reuse ; Fibroblasts ; Gloves, Protective ; Jordan ; Laboratories ; Mice ; Recycling/*methods ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzer, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dantzer@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merrigan, Kathleen -- Griffin, Timothy -- Wilde, Parke -- Robien, Kimberly -- Goldberg, Jeanne -- Dietz, William -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):165-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2031. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. kmerrigan@gwu.edu. ; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA. ; Milken Institute School of Public Health, the George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Diet/*standards ; Food Assistance ; Food Technology/*standards ; Humans ; *Nutrition Policy ; United States
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Protein phosphorylation regulates virtually all biological processes. Although protein kinases are popular drug targets, targeting protein phosphatases remains a challenge. Here, we describe Sephin1 (selective inhibitor of a holophosphatase), a small molecule that safely and selectively inhibited a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in vivo. Sephin1 selectively bound and inhibited the stress-induced PPP1R15A, but not the related and constitutive PPP1R15B, to prolong the benefit of an adaptive phospho-signaling pathway, protecting cells from otherwise lethal protein misfolding stress. In vivo, Sephin1 safely prevented the motor, morphological, and molecular defects of two otherwise unrelated protein-misfolding diseases in mice, Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property exploited here to safely prevent two protein misfolding diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Das, Indrajit -- Krzyzosiak, Agnieszka -- Schneider, Kim -- Wrabetz, Lawrence -- D'Antonio, Maurizio -- Barry, Nicholas -- Sigurdardottir, Anna -- Bertolotti, Anne -- 309516/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01-NS55256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. aberto@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Guanabenz/*analogs & derivatives/chemical ; synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Proteostasis Deficiencies/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohane, Isaac S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):37-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1328. Epub 2015 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. isaac_kohane@harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evidence-Based Medicine ; Genomics/trends ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; Medical Record Linkage ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1454. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contract Services/*economics ; Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kollipara, Puneet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1403-4. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6229.1403-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrochemicals ; Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecotoxicology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):896. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6263.896.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Americans ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Biotechnology/*economics/*manpower ; Financial Support ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Laboratory Personnel/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Small Business/economics/trends ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davison, J -- Moora, M -- Opik, M -- Adholeya, A -- Ainsaar, L -- Ba, A -- Burla, S -- Diedhiou, A G -- Hiiesalu, I -- Jairus, T -- Johnson, N C -- Kane, A -- Koorem, K -- Kochar, M -- Ndiaye, C -- Partel, M -- Reier, U -- Saks, U -- Singh, R -- Vasar, M -- Zobel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ; Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. ; Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Mediterraneennes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Universite des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement-Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles-Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Departement de Biologie Vegetale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. ; TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Fungal/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Water ; Wind
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1436-41. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1436. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods/standards ; Foundations ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):574. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Ecology/*economics ; Ecosystem ; Foundations ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):225. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6245.225. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*trends ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):16. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Attitude ; Data Collection ; Female ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Nuclear Energy ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; *Research ; Sex Factors ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):956. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6238.956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences/*economics ; Climate Change/*economics ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Foundations ; Social Sciences/*economics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):384. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/*trends ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1054. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; *Faculty ; Knowledge ; *Professional Competence ; *Religion and Science ; Role ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeMarco, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):915-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6251.915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Astacoidea/classification/genetics/physiology ; Coal Mining ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species/legislation & jurisprudence ; Environmental Pollution ; Genetic Speciation ; United States ; West Virginia
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeMarco, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):570-1. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Breeding ; *Butterflies ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Mexico ; Plant Nectar ; Population ; Seasons ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):602-5. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6222.602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Career Mobility ; *Faculty ; Fellowships and Scholarships/*economics ; *Government Programs ; Mathematics/*education ; Science/*education ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):599-601. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6222.599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Financing, Government ; Research/*economics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):466-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):221-2. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6245.221. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; Psychology/*ethics ; *Public Policy ; Security Measures/*ethics ; Social Change ; Societies, Scientific/ethics ; Torture/*ethics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):495-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Computer Security ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Mathematics ; *Privacy ; Research Support as Topic ; *Security Measures ; Societies ; Trust ; United States ; *United States Department of Defense/economics/ethics ; Universities
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Aubrey -- Birnbaum, Linda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):766-7. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6236.766-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. miller.aubrey@nih.gov. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disaster Planning/*methods ; Humans ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Self-organized spatial vegetation patterning is widespread and has been described using models of scale-dependent feedback between plants and water on homogeneous substrates. As rainfall decreases, these models yield a characteristic sequence of patterns with increasingly sparse vegetation, followed by sudden collapse to desert. Thus, the final, spot-like pattern may provide early warning for such catastrophic shifts. In many arid ecosystems, however, termite nests impart substrate heterogeneity by altering soil properties, thereby enhancing plant growth. We show that termite-induced heterogeneity interacts with scale-dependent feedbacks to produce vegetation patterns at different spatial grains. Although the coarse-grained patterning resembles that created by scale-dependent feedback alone, it does not indicate imminent desertification. Rather, mound-field landscapes are more robust to aridity, suggesting that termites may help stabilize ecosystems under global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonachela, Juan A -- Pringle, Robert M -- Sheffer, Efrat -- Coverdale, Tyler C -- Guyton, Jennifer A -- Caylor, Kelly K -- Levin, Simon A -- Tarnita, Corina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):651-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1261487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ; Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ctarnita@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Isoptera/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; *Rain ; Soil ; *Water
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):813-4. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6224.813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exobiology ; *Ice Cover ; *Minor Planets ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Sedimentary basins in eastern Africa preserve a record of continental rifting and contain important fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution. However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (Ma) is poorly documented in surface outcrops, particularly in Afar, Ethiopia. Here we present the discovery of a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research area of Afar, Ethiopia, that have produced the earliest record of the genus Homo. Vertebrate fossils record a faunal turnover indicative of more open and probably arid habitats than those reconstructed earlier in this region, which is in broad agreement with hypotheses addressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time. Geological analyses constrain depositional and structural models of Afar and date the LD 350-1 Homo mandible to 2.80 to 2.75 Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMaggio, Erin N -- Campisano, Christopher J -- Rowan, John -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Deino, Alan L -- Bibi, Faysal -- Lewis, Margaret E -- Souron, Antoine -- Garello, Dominique -- Werdelin, Lars -- Reed, Kaye E -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1415. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dimaggio@psu.edu kreed@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; CNRS Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Biology Program, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. ; Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Topik, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1263. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Christopher Topik is the director of Restoring America's Forests at The Nature Conservancy North America Region, Arlington, VA. ctopik@tnc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disasters/*economics ; Federal Government ; Financial Management/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fires/*economics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An important question in ecology is how mechanistic processes occurring among individuals drive large-scale patterns of community formation and change. Here we show that in two species of bluebirds, cycles of replacement of one by the other emerge as an indirect consequence of maternal influence on offspring behavior in response to local resource availability. Sampling across broad temporal and spatial scales, we found that western bluebirds, the more competitive species, bias the birth order of offspring by sex in a way that influences offspring aggression and dispersal, setting the stage for rapid increases in population density that ultimately result in the replacement of their sister species. Our results provide insight into how predictable community dynamics can occur despite the contingency of local behavioral interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duckworth, Renee A -- Belloni, Virginia -- Anderson, Samantha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):875-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rad3@email.arizona.edu. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/analysis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Clutch Size ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Egg Yolk/chemistry ; Female ; Fires ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Population Density ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Massive data collection by businesses and governments calls into question traditional methods for protecting privacy, underpinned by two core principles: (i) notice, that there should be no data collection system whose existence is secret, and (ii) consent, that data collected for one purpose not be used for another without user permission. But notice, designated as a fundamental privacy principle in a different era, makes little sense in situations where collection consists of lots and lots of small amounts of information, whereas consent is no longer realistic, given the complexity and number of decisions that must be made. Thus, efforts to protect privacy by controlling use of data are gaining more attention. I discuss relevant technology, policy, and law, as well as some examples that can illuminate the way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landau, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA. susan.landau@privacyink.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Security ; *Data Collection/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Informed Consent ; *Internet/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitling, Rainer -- Takano, Eriko -- Gardner, Timothy S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):107. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rainer Breitling is a Professor of Systems Biology at the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. rainer.breitling@manchester.ac.uk. ; Eriko Takano is a Professor of Synthetic Biology and Co-Director of the Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. eriko.takano@manchester.ac.uk. ; Timothy S. Gardner is Chief Executive Officer of Riffyn, Inc., in Oakland, CA, USA, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. tg@riffyn.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; European Union ; Risk Assessment/methods/standards ; Synthetic Biology/*trends ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Vegetation structure is a key determinant of ecosystems and ecosystem function, but paleoecological techniques to quantify it are lacking. We present a method for reconstructing leaf area index (LAI) based on light-dependent morphology of leaf epidermal cells and phytoliths derived from them. Using this proxy, we reconstruct LAI for the Cenozoic (49 million to 11 million years ago) of middle-latitude Patagonia. Our record shows that dense forests opened up by the late Eocene; open forests and shrubland habitats then fluctuated, with a brief middle-Miocene regreening period. Furthermore, endemic herbivorous mammals show accelerated tooth crown height evolution during open, yet relatively grass-free, shrubland habitat intervals. Our Patagonian LAI record provides a high-resolution, sensitive tool with which to dissect terrestrial ecosystem response to changing Southern Ocean conditions during the Cenozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, Regan E -- Stromberg, Caroline A E -- Madden, Richard H -- Kohn, Matthew J -- Carlini, Alfredo A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1260947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. dunnr@u.washington.edu. ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. ; Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Shape ; Cell Size ; *Climate Change ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; *Forests ; Fossils ; Grassland ; Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants ; South America ; Time ; Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: The mechanistic basis of eukaryotic circadian oscillators in model systems as diverse as Neurospora, Drosophila, and mammalian cells is thought to be a transcription-and-translation-based negative feedback loop, wherein progressive and controlled phosphorylation of one or more negative elements ultimately elicits their own proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby releasing negative feedback and determining circadian period length. The Neurospora crassa circadian negative element FREQUENCY (FRQ) exemplifies such proteins; it is progressively phosphorylated at more than 100 sites, and strains bearing alleles of frq with anomalous phosphorylation display abnormal stability of FRQ that is well correlated with altered periods or apparent arrhythmicity. Unexpectedly, we unveiled normal circadian oscillations that reflect the allelic state of frq but that persist in the absence of typical degradation of FRQ. This manifest uncoupling of negative element turnover from circadian period length determination is not consistent with the consensus eukaryotic circadian model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larrondo, Luis F -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Baker, Christopher L -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Dunlap, Jay C -- P01 GM68087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):1257277. doi: 10.1126/science.1257277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Alleles ; *Circadian Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Half-Life ; Neurospora crassa/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; Signal Transduction
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1302-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; Puma ; Ruminants ; United States ; Ursidae ; Wolves
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uhlen, Mathias -- Fagerberg, Linn -- Hallstrom, Bjorn M -- Lindskog, Cecilia -- Oksvold, Per -- Mardinoglu, Adil -- Sivertsson, Asa -- Kampf, Caroline -- Sjostedt, Evelina -- Asplund, Anna -- Olsson, IngMarie -- Edlund, Karolina -- Lundberg, Emma -- Navani, Sanjay -- Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili -- Odeberg, Jacob -- Djureinovic, Dijana -- Takanen, Jenny Ottosson -- Hober, Sophia -- Alm, Tove -- Edqvist, Per-Henrik -- Berling, Holger -- Tegel, Hanna -- Mulder, Jan -- Rockberg, Johan -- Nilsson, Peter -- Schwenk, Jochen M -- Hamsten, Marica -- von Feilitzen, Kalle -- Forsberg, Mattias -- Persson, Lukas -- Johansson, Fredric -- Zwahlen, Martin -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- Nielsen, Jens -- Ponten, Fredrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):1260419. doi: 10.1126/science.1260419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. mathias.uhlen@scilifelab.se. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at Dortmund TU, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. ; Lab Surgpath, Mumbai, India. ; Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line ; *Databases, Protein ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Code ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/genetics/*metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Research in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism suggests that several hundred genes are likely risk factors for these disorders. This heterogeneity presents a challenge and an opportunity at the same time. Although the exact identity of many of the genes remains to be discovered, genes identified to date encode proteins that play roles in certain conserved pathways: protein synthesis, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and synaptic signaling. The next generation of research in neurodevelopmental disorders must address the neural circuitry underlying the behavioral symptoms and comorbidities, the cell types playing critical roles in these circuits, and common intercellular signaling pathways that link diverse genes. Results from clinical trials have been mixed so far. Only when we can leverage the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders into precision medicine will the mechanism-based therapeutics for these disorders start to unlock success.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahin, Mustafa -- Sur, Mriganka -- EF1451125/PHS HHS/ -- EY007023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH085802/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS090473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P20 NS080199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS082320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263). pii: aab3897. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3897. Epub 2015 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu. ; Simons Center for the Social Brain, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/drug therapy/genetics ; Behavior ; Brain/growth & development/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genes ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Precision Medicine/*methods ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translational Medical Research
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Viruses influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow. Here, we use quantitative double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) and whole viral community morphological data sets from 43 Tara Oceans expedition samples to assess viral community patterns and structure in the upper ocean. Protein cluster cataloging defined pelagic upper-ocean viral community pan and core gene sets and suggested that this sequence space is well-sampled. Analyses of viral protein clusters, populations, and morphology revealed biogeographic patterns whereby viral communities were passively transported on oceanic currents and locally structured by environmental conditions that affect host community structure. Together, these investigations establish a global ocean dsDNA viromic data set with analyses supporting the seed-bank hypothesis to explain how oceanic viral communities maintain high local diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brum, Jennifer R -- Ignacio-Espinoza, J Cesar -- Roux, Simon -- Doulcier, Guilhem -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Alberti, Adriana -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Cruaud, Corinne -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gasol, Josep M -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Gregory, Ann C -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Schwenck, Sarah M -- Speich, Sabrina -- Dimier, Celine -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261498. doi: 10.1126/science.1261498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 75230 Paris, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Uiversite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO-IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Metagenome/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*classification/genetics ; Seawater/*virology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viruses/*classification/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6240.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Humans ; Implantable Neurostimulators/*ethics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurosciences/*ethics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):378-9. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Injury, Chronic/*diagnosis/pathology ; Football/*injuries ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Neuroimaging/*methods ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Universities ; tau Proteins/analysis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandrian, Michelle Gabriele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):346. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michelle Gabriele Sandrian is now an assistant professor of ophthalmology and bioengineering at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Care ; Male ; *Parental Leave ; United States ; *Women, Working
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):707. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6223.707.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Droughts ; *Global Warming ; Models, Theoretical ; United States
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Cell division progresses to anaphase only after all chromosomes are connected to spindle microtubules through kinetochores and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is satisfied. We show that the amino-terminal localization module of the SAC protein kinase MPS1 (monopolar spindle 1) directly interacts with the HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) calponin homology domain in the NDC80 (nuclear division cycle 80) kinetochore complex in vitro, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Microtubule polymers disrupted this interaction. In cells, MPS1 binding to kinetochores or to ectopic NDC80 complexes was prevented by end-on microtubule attachment, independent of known kinetochore protein-removal mechanisms. Competition for kinetochore binding between SAC proteins and microtubules provides a direct and perhaps evolutionarily conserved way to detect a properly organized spindle ready for cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiruma, Yoshitaka -- Sacristan, Carlos -- Pachis, Spyridon T -- Adamopoulos, Athanassios -- Kuijt, Timo -- Ubbink, Marcellus -- von Castelmur, Eleonore -- Perrakis, Anastassis -- Kops, Geert J P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4055. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, S -- Ingram, J C -- Varga, A -- Agardy, T -- Barten, P -- Bennett, G -- Bloomgarden, E -- Bremer, L L -- Burkill, P -- Cattau, M -- Ching, C -- Colby, M -- Cook, D C -- Costanza, R -- DeClerck, F -- Freund, C -- Gartner, T -- Goldman-Benner, R -- Gunderson, J -- Jarrett, D -- Kinzig, A P -- Kiss, A -- Koontz, A -- Kumar, P -- Lasky, J R -- Masozera, M -- Meyers, D -- Milano, F -- Naughton-Treves, L -- Nichols, E -- Olander, L -- Olmsted, P -- Perge, E -- Perrings, C -- Polasky, S -- Potent, J -- Prager, C -- Quetier, F -- Redford, K -- Saterson, K -- Thoumi, G -- Vargas, M T -- Vickerman, S -- Weisser, W -- Wilkie, D -- Wunder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1206-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1403. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Guidelines as Topic ; Policy
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochberg, Yael V -- Fehder, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1202-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hochberg@rice.edu. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Entrepreneurship ; Software
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erwin, Douglas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):517. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. erwind@si.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developmental Biology/*history ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the expression of many genes in metazoans by accelerating messenger RNA degradation and inhibiting translation, thereby reducing the level of protein. However, miRNAs only slightly reduce the mean expression of most targeted proteins, leading to speculation about their role in the variability, or noise, of protein expression. We used mathematical modeling and single-cell reporter assays to show that miRNAs, in conjunction with increased transcription, decrease protein expression noise for lowly expressed genes but increase noise for highly expressed genes. Genes that are regulated by multiple miRNAs show more-pronounced noise reduction. We estimate that hundreds of (lowly expressed) genes in mouse embryonic stem cells have reduced noise due to substantial miRNA regulation. Our findings suggest that miRNAs confer precision to protein expression and thus offer plausible explanations for the commonly observed combinatorial targeting of endogenous genes by multiple miRNAs, as well as the preferential targeting of lowly expressed genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmiedel, Jorn M -- Klemm, Sandy L -- Zheng, Yannan -- Sahay, Apratim -- Bluthgen, Nils -- Marks, Debora S -- van Oudenaarden, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):128-32. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Rush D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):807. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9126. Epub 2015 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rush D. Holt is Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Science/*trends ; Societies ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeRoy, Carri J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):511. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6234.511-b. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sustainability in Prisons Project, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505, USA. LeRoyC@evergreen.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Prisoners/*education ; Prisons/*education ; Science/*education ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):587. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8081.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan I. Leshner is the Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Financial Support ; Publishing ; Science/*economics/*trends ; United States
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):459. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7477. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan I. Leshner is the Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Public Opinion ; *Science ; United States
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Despite the attention the right has received, we should not forget that it is just one innovative piece of a comprehensive privacy framework that must be implemented locally and enforced globally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, Abraham L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):507-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Associate Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. aln24@georgetown.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Data Collection ; Europe ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; Internationality ; *Internet/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1058-9, 1061. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Approval ; Humans ; Immune System/immunology ; Mice ; Multiple Sclerosis/*therapy ; Myelin Sheath/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Collins, Francis S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):159. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anthony S. Fauci is director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. afauci@niad.nih.gov. ; Francis S. Collins is director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. collinsf@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics/organization & administration ; Financing, Government ; *Global Health ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Organisms are adapted to the relentless cycles of day and night, because they evolved timekeeping systems called circadian clocks, which regulate biological activities with ~24-hour rhythms. The clock of cyanobacteria is driven by a three-protein oscillator composed of KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, which together generate a circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation. We show that KaiB flips between two distinct three-dimensional folds, and its rare transition to an active state provides a time delay that is required to match the timing of the oscillator to that of Earth's rotation. Once KaiB switches folds, it binds phosphorylated KaiC and captures KaiA, which initiates a phase transition of the circadian cycle, and it regulates components of the clock-output pathway, which provides the link that joins the timekeeping and signaling functions of the oscillator.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Yong-Gang -- Cohen, Susan E -- Phong, Connie -- Myers, William K -- Kim, Yong-Ick -- Tseng, Roger -- Lin, Jenny -- Zhang, Li -- Boyd, Joseph S -- Lee, Yvonne -- Kang, Shannon -- Lee, David -- Li, Sheng -- Britt, R David -- Rust, Michael J -- Golden, Susan S -- LiWang, Andy -- AI081982/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI101436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM107521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):324-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1260031. Epub 2015 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. aliwang@ucmerced.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Synechococcus/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: T regulatory cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 (Foxp3(+) T(regs)) promote tissue homeostasis in several settings. We now report that symbiotic members of the human gut microbiota induce a distinct T(reg) population in the mouse colon, which constrains immuno-inflammatory responses. This induction-which we find to map to a broad, but specific, array of individual bacterial species-requires the transcription factor Rorgamma, paradoxically, in that Rorgamma is thought to antagonize FoxP3 and to promote T helper 17 (T(H)17) cell differentiation. Rorgamma's transcriptional footprint differs in colonic T(regs) and T(H)17 cells and controls important effector molecules. Rorgamma, and the T(regs) that express it, contribute substantially to regulating colonic T(H)1/T(H)17 inflammation. Thus, the marked context-specificity of Rorgamma results in very different outcomes even in closely related cell types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700932/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700932/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sefik, Esen -- Geva-Zatorsky, Naama -- Oh, Sungwhan -- Konnikova, Liza -- Zemmour, David -- McGuire, Abigail Manson -- Burzyn, Dalia -- Ortiz-Lopez, Adriana -- Lobera, Mercedes -- Yang, Jianfei -- Ghosh, Shomir -- Earl, Ashlee -- Snapper, Scott B -- Jupp, Ray -- Kasper, Dennis -- Mathis, Diane -- Benoist, Christophe -- R01 AI110630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI51530/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI051530/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI110630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56-AI110630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):993-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9420. Epub 2015 Aug 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Tempero Pharmaceuticals, a GSK Company, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA. ; UCB Pharma, Slough, Berkshire, UK. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA. Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. cbdm@hms.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26272906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/immunology ; Bacteroidetes/immunology/physiology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology ; Colon/*immunology/microbiology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota/*immunology/physiology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics/*metabolism ; Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):261-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Chimera ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Organ Transplantation ; Rats ; Stem Cell Research/*economics ; Swine ; United States
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: This paper examines the success of peer-review panels in predicting the future quality of proposed research. We construct new data to track publication, citation, and patenting outcomes associated with more than 130,000 research project (R01) grants funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health from 1980 to 2008. We find that better peer-review scores are consistently associated with better research outcomes and that this relationship persists even when we include detailed controls for an investigator's publication history, grant history, institutional affiliations, career stage, and degree types. A one-standard deviation worse peer-review score among awarded grants is associated with 15% fewer citations, 7% fewer publications, 19% fewer high-impact publications, and 14% fewer follow-on patents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Danielle -- Agha, Leila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):434-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0185. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dli@hbs.edu lagha@bu.edu. ; Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dli@hbs.edu lagha@bu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Financing, Organized ; *Journal Impact Factor ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research/*trends ; United States
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charo, R Alta -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):384-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3885. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Law and School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA. alta.charo@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Consumer Participation ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Genetic Therapy ; *Government Regulation ; Inventions/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z Josh -- Luo, Liqun -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):42-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4120. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. huangj@cshl.edu lluo@stanford.edu. ; HHMI/Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. huangj@cshl.edu lluo@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; China ; Europe ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Japan ; Neurosciences/*trends ; Republic of Korea ; United States
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fineberg, Harvey V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):929. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7711.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and chaired the planning committee for the 2014 National Research Council-Institute of Medicine workshop on GOF research. harvey.fineberg@moore.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; *Capital Financing ; Coronavirus Infections/economics/transmission/virology ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/economics/transmission/virology ; Policy Making ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/economics/transmission/virology ; United States ; *Virus Diseases/economics/transmission/virology ; *Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):616. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Financial Support ; Japan ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; United States
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1150-1. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6253.1150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage ; DNA/*administration & dosage/chemistry ; Financing, Government ; Gene Knockdown Techniques/*methods ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Illinois ; Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage/chemistry ; Nanotechnology/economics ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*therapy ; Psoriasis/drug therapy/therapy ; RNA/*administration & dosage/chemistry ; United States
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: We studied the distributional preferences of an elite cadre of Yale Law School students, a group that will assume positions of power in U.S. society. Our experimental design allows us to test whether redistributive decisions are consistent with utility maximization and to decompose underlying preferences into two qualitatively different tradeoffs: fair-mindedness versus self-interest, and equality versus efficiency. Yale Law School subjects are more consistent than subjects drawn from the American Life Panel, a diverse sample of Americans. Relative to the American Life Panel, Yale Law School subjects are also less fair-minded and substantially more efficiency-focused. We further show that our measure of equality-efficiency tradeoffs predicts Yale Law School students' career choices: Equality-minded subjects are more likely to be employed at nonprofit organizations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisman, Raymond -- Jakiela, Pamela -- Kariv, Shachar -- Markovits, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):aab0096. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0096.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. rfisman@bu.edu. ; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkely, CA, USA. ; Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel/*psychology ; Adult ; Attitude ; *Career Choice ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; *Power (Psychology) ; Public Opinion ; *Resource Allocation ; Social Justice/*psychology ; Students ; United States
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