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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (62)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (25)
  • 1975-1979  (37)
  • 1960-1964
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (62)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1
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    Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Columnar architecture sculpted by GABA circuits in developing cat visual cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: The mammalian visual cortex is organized into columns. Here, we examine cortical influences upon developing visual afferents in the cat by altering intrinsic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition with benzodiazepines. Local enhancement by agonist (diazepam) infusion did not perturb visual responsiveness, but did widen column spacing. An inverse agonist (DMCM) produced the opposite effect. Thus, intracortical inhibitory circuits shape the geometry of incoming thalamic arbors, suggesting that cortical columnar architecture depends on neuronal activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hensch, Takao K -- Stryker, Michael P -- R37 EY002874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY002874-24S1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1678-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. hensch@postman.riken〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15017001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Cats ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Dominance, Ocular/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/growth & development/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Visual Pathways ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Virology. Avian flu finds new mammal hosts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Carnivora/*virology ; Cat Diseases/transmission/*virology ; Cats ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Poultry ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Neuroscience. Blocking plasticity in the visual cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferster, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3520, USA. ferster@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Cats ; Cues ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Dominance, Ocular/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Mutation ; Neural Inhibition ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Protein Subunits ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/growth & development/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Visual Pathways ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Synfire chains and cortical songs: temporal modules of cortical activity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: How can neural activity propagate through cortical networks built with weak, stochastic synapses? We find precise repetitions of spontaneous patterns of synaptic inputs in neocortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. These patterns repeat after minutes, maintaining millisecond accuracy. Calcium imaging of slices reveals reactivation of sequences of cells during the occurrence of repeated intracellular synaptic patterns. The spontaneous activity drifts with time, engaging different cells. Sequences of active neurons have distinct spatial structures and are repeated in the same order over tens of seconds, revealing modular temporal dynamics. Higher order sequences are replayed with compressed timing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikegaya, Yuji -- Aaron, Gloster -- Cossart, Rosa -- Aronov, Dmitriy -- Lampl, Ilan -- Ferster, David -- Yuste, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):559-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cats ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Avian H5N1 influenza in cats (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-04
    Description: During the 2003 to 2004 outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Asia, there were anecdotal reports of fatal infection in domestic cats, although this species is considered resistant to influenza. We experimentally inoculated cats with H5N1 virus intratracheally and by feeding them virus-infected chickens. The cats excreted virus, developed severe diffuse alveolar damage, and transmitted virus to sentinel cats. These results show that domestic cats are at risk of disease or death from H5N1 virus, can be infected by horizontal transmission, and may play a role in the epidemiology of this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuiken, Thijs -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus -- van Riel, Debby -- van Amerongen, Geert -- Baars, Marianne -- Fouchier, Ron -- Osterhaus, Albert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):241. Epub 2004 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. t.kuiken@erasmusmc.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cat Diseases/pathology/transmission/*virology ; Cats ; Chickens/virology ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary ; Feeding Behavior ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza A virus/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Neuroscience. Time is precious (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abeles, Moshe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):523-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, and Center for Neural Computation, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. moshe.abeles@mail.biu.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Avian extinction and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The arrival of humans on oceanic islands has precipitated a wave of extinctions among the islands' native birds. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this extinction event varies markedly between avifaunas. We show that the probability that a bird species has been extirpated from each of 220 oceanic islands is positively correlated with the number of exotic predatory mammal species established on those islands after European colonization and that the effect of these predators is greater on island endemic species. In contrast, the proportions of currently threatened species are independent of the numbers of exotic mammalian predator species, suggesting that the principal threat to island birds has changed through time as species susceptible to exotic predators have been driven extinct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Tim M -- Cassey, Phillip -- Duncan, Richard P -- Evans, Karl L -- Gaston, Kevin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1955-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. t.blackburn@bham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Islands ; Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Cats ; *Ecosystem ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mammals/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Pacific Islands ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Probability ; Rats ; West Indies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Neuroscience. A measured look at neuronal oxygen consumption (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayhew, John E W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 14;299(5609):1023-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. j.e.mayhew@shef.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12586929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dominance, Ocular ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons/*metabolism/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*metabolism/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Single-neuron activity and tissue oxygenation in the cerebral cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-15
    Description: Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging uses alterations in brain hemodynamics to infer changes in neural activity. Are these hemodynamic changes regulated at a spatial scale capable of resolving functional columns within the cerebral cortex? To address this question, we made simultaneous measurements of tissue oxygenation and single-cell neural activity within the visual cortex. Results showed that increases in neuronal spike rate were accompanied by immediate decreases in tissue oxygenation. We used this decrease in tissue oxygenation to predict the orientation selectivity and ocular dominance of neighboring neurons. Our results establish a coupling between neural activity and oxidative metabolism and suggest that high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging may be used to localize neural activity at a columnar level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, Jeffrey K -- Peterson, Matthew R -- Freeman, Ralph D -- EY01175/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY03176/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 EY 07043-24/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 14;299(5609):1070-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Group in Vision Science, School of Optometry, Helen Willis Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12586942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dominance, Ocular ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oxygen/blood ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*metabolism/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Parasitology. A game of cat and mouth (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, Sarah K -- Hartl, Daniel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):353-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cat Diseases/parasitology/transmission ; Cats ; Female ; Food Parasitology ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mice ; Mouth ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Toxoplasma/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Toxoplasmosis/*parasitology/transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*parasitology/transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology/parasitology ; Virulence
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  • 12
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    Blood vessels casting a shadow (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levick, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1983-5; author reply 1983-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Light ; Optic Disk ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Vessels/*anatomy & histology ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: The subplate forms a transient circuit required for development of connections between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. When subplate neurons are ablated, ocular dominance columns do not form in the visual cortex despite the robust presence of thalamic axons in layer 4. We show that subplate ablation also prevents formation of orientation columns. Visual responses are weak and poorly tuned to orientation. Furthermore, thalamocortical synaptic transmission fails to strengthen, whereas intracortical synapses are unaffected. Thus, subplate circuits are essential not only for the anatomical segregation of thalamic inputs but also for key steps in synaptic remodeling and maturation needed to establish the functional architecture of visual cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanold, Patrick O -- Kara, Prakash -- Reid, R Clay -- Shatz, Carla J -- F32 EY013526/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY013526-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY1352/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY12196/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY02858/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY10115/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):521-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology ; Cats ; Dominance, Ocular ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Geniculate Bodies/physiology ; Immunotoxins/pharmacology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/metabolism ; Synapses ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; *Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Recent expansion of Toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (approximately 1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, C -- Evans, D -- Cole, R H -- Kissinger, J C -- Ajioka, J W -- Sibley, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):414-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Food Parasitology ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Introns ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mouth ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Toxoplasma/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Toxoplasmosis/*parasitology/transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*parasitology/transmission ; Virulence
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    Animal rights pressure on scientists (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teitelbaum, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Dementia Complex/physiopathology/virology ; *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/virology ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Financing, Government ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/drug effects/physiology ; Methamphetamine/pharmacology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Virus Replication/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    What's new, pussycat? On talking to babies and animals (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnham, Denis -- Kitamura, Christine -- Vollmer-Conna, Ute -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MARCS Auditory Laboratories, University of Western Sydney, Post Office Box 1797, Sydney, 1797, Australia. d.burnham@uws.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; Infant ; *Mother-Child Relations ; *Mothers ; *Phonetics ; *Speech ; *Speech Acoustics ; Verbal Behavior
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  • 17
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    Dynamics and constancy in cortical spatiotemporal patterns of orientation processing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: How does the high selectivity to stimulus orientation emerge in the visual cortex? Thalamic feedforward-dominated models of orientation selectivity predict constant selectivity during the visual response, whereas intracortical recurrent models predict dynamic improvement in selectivity. We imaged the cat visual cortex with voltage-sensitive dyes to measure orientation-tuning dynamics of a large neuronal population. Tuning-curve width did not narrow after response onset, whereas the difference between preferred and orthogonal responses (modulation depth) first increased, then declined. We identified a suppression of the evoked responses, referred to as the evoked deceleration-acceleration (DA) notch, which was larger for the orthogonal response. Furthermore, peak selectivity of the tuning curves was contemporaneous with the evoked DA notch. These findings suggest that in the cat brain, sustained visual cortical processing does not narrow orientation tuning; rather, intracortical interactions may amplify modulation depth and suppress the orthogonal response relatively more than the preferred. Thus, feedforward models and recurrent models of orientation selectivity must be combined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharon, Dahlia -- Grinvald, Amiram -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):512-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and the Center for Studies of Higher Brain Functions, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. dahlia.sharon@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Neurons/*physiology ; Normal Distribution ; Orientation ; Photic Stimulation ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 18
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    Temporal specificity in the cortical plasticity of visual space representation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: The circuitry and function of mammalian visual cortex are shaped by patterns of visual stimuli, a plasticity likely mediated by synaptic modifications. In the adult cat, asynchronous visual stimuli in two adjacent retinal regions controlled the relative spike timing of two groups of cortical neurons with high precision. This asynchronous pairing induced rapid modifications of intracortical connections and shifts in receptive fields. These changes depended on the temporal order and interval between visual stimuli in a manner consistent with spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Parallel to the cortical modifications found in the cat, such asynchronous visual stimuli also induced shifts in human spatial perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Yu-Xi -- Djupsund, Kaj -- Gao, Hongfeng -- Hayden, Benjamin -- Shen, Kai -- Dan, Yang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1999-2003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Humans ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Normal Distribution ; *Photic Stimulation ; Retina/*physiology ; *Space Perception ; Synapses/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Perspectives: neuroscience. Strengthening visual connections (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cynader, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1943-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Research Center, university of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. cynader@brain.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Microelectrodes ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Vision, Binocular ; Vision, Monocular ; Visual Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Visual Pathways ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 20
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    Categorical representation of visual stimuli in the primate prefrontal cortex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental cognitive process. To explore its neural basis, we trained monkeys to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and precisely define the category boundary. Neural activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual stimuli, even when a monkey was retrained with the stimuli assigned to new categories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, D J -- Riesenhuber, M -- Poggio, T -- Miller, E K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):312-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Cognition ; Dogs ; Form Perception ; Haplorhini ; Learning ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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  • 21
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    Neuroscience. Noise makes sense in neuronal computing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: The united efforts of assemblies of neurons in the brain's primary visual cortex translate incoming visual signals into action potentials. These action potentials encode, for example, the contrast and orientation of different parts of the image. Some neurons are sensitive to one particular orientation, other are sensitive to other orientations, but all neurons respond equally well to the image contrast. In a Perspective, Volgushev and Eysel explain the finding (Anderson et al.) that neurons are able to maintain this sensitivity to the orientation of a stimulus regardless of the contrast by adding noise to the membrane potential, such that action potentials can also be generated in response to weak signals at low contrast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volgushev, M -- Eysel, U T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1908-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. eysel@neurop.ruhr-uni-bochum.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; *Contrast Sensitivity ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Photic Stimulation ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 22
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    The contribution of noise to contrast invariance of orientation tuning in cat visual cortex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-12-09
    Description: Feedforward models of visual cortex appear to be inconsistent with a well-known property of cortical cells: contrast invariance of orientation tuning. The models' fixed threshold broadens orientation tuning as contrast increases, whereas in real cells tuning width is invariant with contrast. We have compared the orientation tuning of spike and membrane potential responses in single cells. Both are contrast invariant, yet a threshold-linear relation applied to the membrane potential accurately predicts the orientation tuning of spike responses. The key to this apparent paradox lies in the noisiness of the membrane potential. Responses that are subthreshold on average are still capable of generating spikes on individual trials. Unlike the iceberg effect, contrast invariance remains intact even as threshold narrows orientation selectivity. Noise may, by extension, smooth the average relation between membrane potential and spike rate throughout the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, J S -- Lampl, I -- Gillespie, D C -- Ferster, D -- R01 EY04726/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1968-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2153 North Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11110664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; *Contrast Sensitivity ; Membrane Potentials ; Microelectrodes ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 23
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    Identification of a cellular cofactor required for infection by feline leukemia virus (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: Retroviral infection involves continued genetic variation, leading to phenotypic and immunological selection for more fit virus variants in the host. For retroviruses that cause immunodeficiency, pathogenesis is linked to the emergence of T cell-tropic, cytopathic viruses. Here we show that an immunodeficiency-inducing, T cell-tropic feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has evolved such that it cannot infect cells unless both a classic multiple membrane-spanning receptor molecule (Pit1) and a second coreceptor or entry factor are present. This second receptor component, which we call FeLIX, was identified as an endogenously expressed protein that is similar to a portion of the FeLV envelope protein. This cellular protein can function either as a transmembrane protein or as a soluble component to facilitate infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, M M -- Lauring, A S -- Burns, C C -- Overbaugh, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1828-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dogs ; Evolution, Molecular ; Leukemia Virus, Feline/genetics/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muridae ; Protein Sorting Signals/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 24
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    Rapid extragranular plasticity in the absence of thalamocortical plasticity in the developing primary visual cortex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Monocular deprivation during early postnatal development remodels the circuitry of the primary visual cortex so that most neurons respond poorly to stimuli presented to the deprived eye. This rapid physiological change is ultimately accompanied by a matching anatomical loss of input from the deprived eye. This remodeling is thought to be initiated at the thalamocortical synapse. Ocular dominance plasticity after brief (24 hours) monocular deprivation was analyzed by intrinsic signal optical imaging and by targeted extracellular unit recordings. Deprived-eye responsiveness was lost in the extragranular layers, whereas normal binocularity in layer IV was preserved. This finding supports the hypothesis that thalamocortical organization is guided by earlier changes at higher stages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2412909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2412909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trachtenberg, J T -- Trepel, C -- Stryker, M P -- EY06824/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY006824/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY002874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 EY002874-21/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37-EY02874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2029-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Microelectrodes ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Thalamus/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Vision, Binocular ; Vision, Monocular ; Visual Cortex/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 25
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    Evidence for brainstem structures participating in oculomotor integration (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: The cerebellar flocculus has been implicated in vestibulo-oculomotor control. One major central input to this structure originates from brainstem cells in the paramedian tract (PMT), whose function is unknown. Here it is reported that PMT cells in the pons carry vestibular and eye movement signals and their pharmacological inactivation produces a leaky integrator combined with vestibular imbalance. The results suggest that PMT cells provide the cerebellum with sensory and motor signals that are essential for velocity-to-position integration, a common premotor process that is required in all motor systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamagoe, K -- Iwamoto, Y -- Yoshida, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):857-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Eye Movements/drug effects/*physiology ; Fixation, Ocular/drug effects ; GABA Agonists/pharmacology ; Light ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Nystagmus, Physiologic/drug effects/physiology ; Pons/*cytology/*physiology ; Saccades/physiology ; Vestibular Nerve/physiology ; Vestibular Nuclei/physiology
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  • 26
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    Pituitary-brain vascular relations: a new paradigm (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Vascular casts of the pituitary gland have demonstrated a paucity of veins extending from the adenohypophysis to the systemic circulation and have suggested that some adenohypophyseal venous blood returns to the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophyseal capillary bed may function as a vascular switch and in this article a series of 14 questions are proposed regarding the vascular dynamics of the pituitary. Together these questions raise the larger question, namely, whether pituitary hormones are transported directly to the brain to modify brain function?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R M -- Page, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):18-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis/anatomy & histology ; Capillaries/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/blood supply ; Pituitary Gland/*blood supply ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/blood supply ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 27
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    Visual resolution and receptive field size: examination of two kinds of cat retinal ganglion cell (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: Intraocular recordings from brisk-sustained and brisk-transient ganglion cells in the cat's retina revealed a systematic increase in center size and decrease in spatial cut-off frequency with increasing distance from the area centralis. At any one eccentricity sizes of the centers of sustained and transient cells did not overlap, and the variation in cut-off frequency for each class was constrained to about one-half octave.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleland, B G -- Harding, T H -- Tulunay-Keesey, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1015-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Ganglia/physiology ; Retina/cytology/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology ; *Visual Fields
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  • 28
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    Structure of physiologically identified X and Y cells in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Horseradish peroxidase injected into 18 single, physiologically identified geniculate X and Y cells permitted a detailed morphological correlate to be determined for the physiological properties of each neuron. Class 1 morphological characteristics were associated with Y cells, class 3 with X cells, and class 2 structural traits were seen in both physiological types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedlander, M J -- Lin, C S -- Sherman, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology/physiology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Interneurons/cytology
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  • 29
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    Cortical plasticity in monocularly deprived immobilized kittens depends on eye movement (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: A marked reduction of binocular cells in striate cortex is found if 4-week-old kittens are visually stimulated monocularly while anesthetized and held in a stereotaxic apparatus. If the kittens are paralyzed and artificially respirated, changes are not found unless an eye is moved mechanically. It appears that eye movement and visual stimulation are necessary conditions for deactivation of binocular connections, but neither is sufficient to induce such changes alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, R D -- Bonds, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1093-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; *Eye Movements ; Functional Laterality ; Immobilization ; Paralysis/physiopathology ; Visual Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development
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  • 30
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    Muscle fiber regeneration after transplantation: prediction of structure and physiology from electromyograms (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Digitized electromyographic activity of transplanted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in cats differs from that of control EDL and anterior tibialis muscles lying adjacent to transplanted EDL muscles. In autotransplanted muscles, the cross-sectional area of the fibers shows a negative correlation with mean spike frequency and a positive correlation with mean amplitude. The mean frequency-amplitude products correlate with isometric tetanic tensions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gorniak, G C -- Gans, C -- Faulkner, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Electrodes ; Electromyography/methods ; Muscles/cytology/physiology/*transplantation ; *Regeneration ; Transplantation, Autologous
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    Alteration of cortical orientation selectivity: importance of asymmetric input (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Rearing cats so that each of the two eyes sees stripes of a different orientation alters the orientation preference of visual cortex cells. This result can be obtained by rearing the cats in striped cylinders or with goggles attached to their faces, but a tighter control of orientation preference is achieved by the goggles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, B -- Presson, J -- Packwood, J -- Scheer, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1109-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Orientation/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Tissue perfusion rate determined from the decay of oxygen-15 activity after photon activation in situ (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Rates of cerebral perfusion were obtained from measurements of the disappearance (wash-out) of oxygen-15 after in situ tissue activation with 45-million-volt x-rays. In an anesthetized cat, typical values were 90 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 55 percent wash-out. In a specific radiotherapy patient, the value was 65 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 63 percent wash-out of oxygen-15 through incorporation into tissue water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, W L -- Nussbaum, G H -- Connolly, R -- Emami, B -- Reilly, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*blood supply ; Cats ; Humans ; Neoplasms/blood supply ; Oxygen/*blood/radiation effects ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; *Regional Blood Flow ; X-Rays
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  • 33
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    Lateral geniculate nucleus in dark-reared cats: loss of Y cells without changes in cell size (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: In cats reared in the dark from birth until 4 months of age, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus contained few normal Y cells in either the binocular or monocular segments. Although most of the neurons appeared to be normal X cells unaffected by light deprivation, many cells with abnormal receptive field and response charcteristics were encountered. These effects were permanent, since 1 to 2 years of normal visual experience following initial light deprivation did not lead to any functional recovery. The sizes of cell bodies in cats reared in the dark were similar to those of normal animals, an indication that changes in geniculate cell physiology need not be related to changes in cell size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kratz, K E -- Sherman, S M -- Kalil, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Darkness ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology/growth & development ; *Vision, Ocular ; Visual Pathways/cytology/*growth & development
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  • 34
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    Reversal potential for noradrenaline-induced hyperpolarization of spinal motoneurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: By using two separate electrodes with tips inside a single feline motoneuron, current-voltage characteristics were studied during extracellular iontophoresis of noradrenaline. The usually observed hyperpolarization was accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance and became larger with polarizing and smaller with depolarizing currents. During large depolarizing current injections, the noradrenaline-induced potential reversed its direction, usually at a membrane potential of about -20 millivolts. These data are compatible with the concept that noradrenaline hyperpolarizes nerve cells by decreasing resting membrane conductances to sodium and potassium ions. The observation could also be explained by a nonspecific decrease in ion permeability that is associated with a hyperpolarization due to sodium pump activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, K C -- Engberg, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):422-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 35
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    Functional organization of lateral geniculate cells following removal of visual cortex in the newborn kitten (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: When the visual cortex of a newborn kitten is removed, most neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus degenerate, but a small population of large cells is spared. Electrophysiological recording revealed that detailed visual topography in the nucleus is abnormal and that single cells have unusually large receptive fields. These results suggest that optic axons deprived of their normal synaptic targets rearrange their connections to converge on local surviving neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, E H -- Kalil, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/*cytology ; Nerve Degeneration ; Visual Cortex/*cytology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology/growth & development
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  • 36
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    Response of cat inferior colliculus neurons to binaural beat stimuli: possible mechanisms for sound localization (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: The interaural phase sensitivity of neurons was studied through the use of binaural beat stimuli. The response of most cells was phase-locked to the beat frequency, which provides a possible neural correlate to the human sensation of binaural beats. In addition, this stimulus allowed the direction and rate of interaural phase change to be varied. Some neurons in our sample responded selectively to manipulations of these two variables, which suggests a sensitivity to direction or speed of movement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuwada, S -- Yin, T C -- Wickesberg, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):586-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Inferior Colliculi/*physiology ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Periodicity
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    Beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase in secretory cells of choroid plexus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Biochemical evidence supporting the sympathetic control of cerebrospinal fluid production has been obtained through identification of a specific beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the choroid plexus. The enzyme, which is localized in the secretory epithelium, is activated by low concentrations of isoproterenol and norepinephrine and appears separate from beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase present in cerebral blood vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathanson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/220707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Choroid Plexus/*enzymology/metabolism ; Dogs ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Epithelium/enzymology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
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  • 38
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    Localization of the neurally mediated arrhythmogenic properties of digitalis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Available evidence suggests that the propensity of digitalis glycosides to produce cardiac arrhythmias is due in part to their neuroexictatory effects. We have performed experiments in cats which support the existence of a neurogenic component in the etiology of digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Our data further indicate that the locus of this neural effect lies within an area of the medulla 2 millimeters above to 2 millimeters below the obex. These findings, when considered with the effects of polar cardiac glycosides that do not cross the blood-brain barrier, suggest that the area postrema may be the site of neural activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somberg, J C -- Smith, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/219481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*chemically induced ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Digitalis Glycosides/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Heart/*drug effects/innervation ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/physiology ; Vagus Nerve/physiology
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    Plasticity: the mirror of experience (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: A simple avoidance training procedure during early development produces massive neural traces in visual and somatic cortices of kittens reared in a normal environment. A preponderance of cells in these areas had response preferences for the stimuli used during training. Furthermore, some of these cells exhibited properties never found in normal animals not receiving such training. It appears that, even in an environment in which many other stimuli are present, some early experiences powerfully affect brain development and the way in which other experiences exert their effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spinelli, D N -- Jensen, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):75-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Cats ; Environment ; Functional Laterality ; Memory/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*growth & development/physiology
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    Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trulson, M E -- Jacobs, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/572992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/*drug effects ; Cats ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*physiopathology ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Conditioned inhibition: selective response of single units (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: Single cell activity and local field potentials in parastriate cortex of cats and rabbits were studied during a Pavlovian discrimination procedure. Cell activity was selectively modified; conditioned changes occurred in response either to the reinforced stimulus or to the unreinforced one, but not to both. Cells exhibiting conditioned alteration in response to the unreinforced stimulus are thought to participate in specialized circuits mediating conditioned inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Toledo-Morrell, L -- Hoeppner, T J -- Morrell, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):528-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Rabbits ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    The central origin of efferent pathways in the carotid sinus nerve of the cat (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: The application of horseradish peroxidase to the central cut end of the carotid sinus nerve of the cat produced retrograde labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral medulla in the region of the nucleus ambiguus at anterior-posterior coordinates -8 to -10.5. These data coupled with previous electrophysiological observations suggest that the nucleus ambiguus may be the origin of an efferent inhibitory pathway to the carotid body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉deGroat, W C -- Nadelhaft, I -- Morgan, C -- Schauble, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1017-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carotid Sinus/cytology/*innervation ; Cats ; Efferent Pathways/cytology ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology ; Neural Inhibition
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    GABA receptor control of parasympathetic outflow to heart: characterization and brainstem localization (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function by direct microinjection of the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the nucleus ambiguus of the brainstem produced a marked, dose-related depression of heart rate and blood pressure which was mediated by the vagus nerve. This effect was not obtained in other regions of the brainstem and was reversed by the GABA receptor agonist muscimol. These data indicate that the nucleus ambiguus may be the site of a GABA receptor-mediated inhibition of vagal outflow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMicco, J A -- Gale, K -- Hamilton, B -- Gillis, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1106-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Heart/*innervation ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Isoniazid/pharmacology ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 44
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    Eye movements initiate visual-motor development in the cat (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Visually naive kittens turn their eyes toward visual targets but lack other visual-motor coordinations. Light-reared animals were able to mediate guided behaviors with an immobilized eye, but animals with the eye immobilized before initial exposure to a lighted environment were not. Eye movement is implied to play an essential role in visual-motor development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hein, A -- Vital-Durand, F -- Salinger, W -- Diamond, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/313076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cats ; Darkness ; *Eye Movements ; Functional Laterality ; Locomotion ; *Movement ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development ; Visual Perception/physiology
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  • 45
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    Phase resetting and annihilation of pacemaker activity in cardiac tissue (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: Spontaneous rhythmic activity in isolated cardiac pacemaker cells can be terminated by a brief, subthreshold, depolarizing or hyperpolarizing perturbation of the proper magnitude applied at a specific point in the pacemaker cycle. Evidence is provided in support of a topological theory of the existence of a "singular" point in cardiac oscillators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jalife, J -- Antzelevitch, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):695-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Heart Conduction System/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; *Periodicity ; Purkinje Fibers/*physiology ; Sinoatrial Node/*physiology
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  • 46
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    Choline excites cortical neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: In cats under halothane or methoxyflurane, iontophoretic applications of choline are only eight times weaker than applications of acetylcholine in evoking firing of neurons in the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex. The action of choline is suppressed by atropine but not by two agents that block choline uptake (hemicholinium-3 and triethylcholine), and is not potentiated by an anticholinesterase (physostigmine). Choline therefore appears to excite cortical neurons by a direct action, which may be a significant component of its beneficial therapeutic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krnjevic, K -- Reinhardt, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Evoked Potentials ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Hemicholinium 3/pharmacology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Stimulation, Chemical
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  • 47
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    Dissociations between the effects of LSD on behavior and raphe unit activity in freely moving cats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The hypothesis that the action of hallucinogenic drugs is mediated by a depression of the activity of brain serotonergic (raphe) neurons was tested by examining the behavioral effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) while studying the activity of raphe neurons in freely moving cats. Although the results provide general support for the hypothesis, there were several important dissociations. (i) Low doses of LSD produced only small decreases in raphe unit activity but significant behavoiral changes; (ii) LSD-induced behavioral changes outlasted the depression of raphe unit activity; and (iii) raphe neurons were at least as responsive to LSD during tolerance as they were in the nontolerant condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trulson, M E -- Jacobs, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Cats ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Raphe Nuclei/drug effects/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Generation of unidirectionally propagated action potentials in a peripheral nerve by brief stimuli (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Single, unidirectionally propagated action potentials can be elicited in peripheral nerves by electrical stimuli of short duration. Propagation in one direction is blocked anodically by means of a quasi-trapezoidal stimulus wave form and a modified tripolar electrode configuration. Propagation in the other direction proceeds unhindered. This technique may be applicable to collision blocking of motor nerves for neural prostheses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van den Honert, C -- Mortimer, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Nerve Block/methods ; Peripheral Nerves/*physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology
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  • 49
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    Pontine reticular formation neurons and motor activity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Reticular Formation/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Physiological basis of anisometropic amblyopia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: In the visual cortex of kittens that have received their only visual experience while wearing a high-power lens before one eye, most neurons are dominated by input from the normal eye. Moreover, contrast sensitivity and resolving power are lower for stimulation through the originally defocused eye, mimicking psychophysical results from human anisometropic amblyopes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eggers, H M -- Blakemore, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amblyopia/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Orientation/physiology ; Refractive Errors/*physiopathology ; Visual Cortex/*physiopathology ; Visual Pathways/physiopathology
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  • 51
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    Evoked response correlate of symbol and significate (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Changing the source and intensity of the auditory signal to six trained cats responding to meaningful auditory stimuli permits exogenous and endogenous processes in the auditory evoked potential to be separated. For short-latency exogenous processes, latency and amplitude depend on the parameters of the physical stimulus. However, the amplitude and shape of longer-latency endogenous processes are essentially independent of the location and intensity of the signal source and seem to be invariant concomitants of the significance of the signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grastyan, E -- John, E R -- Bartlett, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Cats ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; *Evoked Potentials ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology ; Memory/physiology
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  • 52
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    Terminal arbors of axons that have formed abnormal connections (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Ther terminal arbors of individual retinogeniculate axons that have been induced to grow into an inappropriate geniculate layer have been revealed for light and electron microscopic study by being filled with horseradish peroxidase. After a unilateral ocular enucleation in kittens, single axons from the surviving eye show terminal arbors not only within their own geniculate layers but also in the denervated layers. The new, abnormal arbors arise from the terminal segments of arbors that lie within the nondenervated layer and make patterns of synaptic contacts that appear normal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robson, J A -- Mason, C A -- Guillery, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*ultrastructure ; Cats ; Eye/innervation ; Geniculate Bodies/*ultrastructure ; Synapses/*ultrastructure ; Visual Pathways/*ultrastructure
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  • 53
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    Is pump stimulation associated with positive inotropy of the heart? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: A purified sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from cat heart was not stimulated by any concentration of ouabain that produced positive inotropy of cat papilliary muscle. Only inhibition of enzyme activity was observed. Concentrations of ouabain used ranged from 3.3 x 10(-10) molar to 5 x 10(-7) molar and produced an increased force of contraction without any evidence of toxicity. The results are inconsistent with a concept that stimulation of sodium pump activity is associated with positive inotropy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, L -- Pitts, B J -- Schwartz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/149369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Cats ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocardium/*enzymology ; Ouabain/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism
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  • 54
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    Chronic focal epileptiform discharges induced by injection of iron into rat and cat cortex (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: A single injection of 5 or 10 microliters of ferrous or ferric chloride into rat or cat sensorimotor cortex resulted in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions and electrical seizures. Recurrent focal epileptiform discharge caused by cortical injection of iron salts suggests that the development of human posttraumatic epilepsy may depend, in part, on the neurochemical alterations induced by the principal metallic ions found in whole blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willmore, L J -- Sypert, G W -- Munson, J V -- Hurd, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/physiopathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*chemically induced ; Ferric Compounds ; Ferrous Compounds ; *Iron ; Rats ; Seizures/*chemically induced/physiopathology
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  • 55
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    Opiate receptors for behavioral analgesia resemble those related to the depression of spinal nociceptive neurons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: With naloxone as antagonist, a dose-ratio analysis of the depression by morphine of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord reveals that this opiate depression of single unit activity has the same pharmacological properties as observed with morphine analgesia. This suggests that the opiate receptor, mediating the observed cellular depression, and those mediating analgesia are presumably the same.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yaksh, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cats ; Decerebrate State ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Nerve Fibers/physiology ; Nociceptors/*drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/physiology
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  • 56
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    Interaction of critical periods in the visual cortex of kittens (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed directional deprivation. The kittens were placed in a drum rotating in one direction with one eye open at ages 2 1/2 to 5 weeks; the drum rotation was reversed and the other eye opened when they were 5 to 12 weeks old. Recordings were then made in the visual cortex. The results were the sum of the effects of reverse suture and reversal of directional deprivation: most cells were driven by the eye that was open second, and most unidirectional cells preferred the direction to which the animals were exposed first. Consequently, many unidirectional cells preferred the first direction but were driven by the eye open second--a combination that the animal never saw during rearing. There was also an effect of ocular deprivation on directional properties and vice versa: reverse suture reduced the overall percentage of unidirectional cells, just as directional deprivation has been shown to affect the ocular dominance histogram. This result suggests that the same cells may be affected by both forms of deprivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daw, N W -- Berman, N E -- Ariel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cats ; Cell Differentiation ; Functional Laterality ; Motion Perception/physiology ; *Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*growth & development ; Visual Pathways/growth & development ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Enhancement of conditioned arterial pressure responses in cats after brainstem lesions (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Cats were classically conditioned after the baroreceptor reflexes were abolished by bilateral placement of electrolytic lesions in the nucleus tractus solitarii. The conditioned increases in arterial pressure were more than five times larger than the responses obtained in similarly trained controls. This finding suggests that the baroreceptor reflexes actively inhibit conditioned increases of arterial pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, M A -- Tucker, L W -- Serverini, W H -- Reis, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Pressure ; Cats ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/*physiology ; Pressoreceptors/*physiology ; Reflex/physiology
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    Frequency discrimination following the selective destruction of cochlear inner and outer hair cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Frequency discrimination was measured behaviorally before and after drug-induced lesions of cochlear hair cells in the cat. Discrimination was unaffected by complete loss of outer hair cells provided that at least 50% of inner hair cells were intact. Thus, inner hair cells are important for frequency discrimination, and they can function normally in this regard without the influence of outer hair cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nienhuys, T G -- Clark, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1356-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Threshold/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cats ; Cochlea/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects/*physiology ; Kanamycin/pharmacology ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; *Pitch Discrimination
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    Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) burst neurons: correlative evidence for neuronal generators of PGO waves (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: A newly discovered class of neurons, ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) burst neurons, has PGO wave relationships of phase-leading, stereotyped discharge bursts, and the highest reported discharge specificity and coherence; these neurons thus fulfill correlative criteria for output generator neurons for PGO waves. The PGO burst neurons are recorded in a discrete dorsal brainstem area in apposition to the brachium conjunctivum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarley, R W -- Nelson, J P -- Hobson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):269-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/cytology/*physiology ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/*physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ; Pons/*physiology ; Sleep/physiology
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    Environmental hydrocarbons produce degeneration in cat hypothalamus and optic tract (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: 2,5-Hexanedione, the principal neurotoxic metabolite of the industrial solvents n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone causes axonal degeneration in the mammillary body and visual nuclei of cats. Prolonged, low-level exposure to hydrocarbons in the environment may cause premature deterioration in areas of the human brain vital for perception and behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaumburg, H H -- Spencer, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):199-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/413192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Cats ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; Geniculate Bodies/drug effects ; Hexanones/*toxicity ; Ketones/*toxicity ; Mammillary Bodies/*drug effects/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration/*drug effects ; Superior Colliculi/pathology ; Visual Pathways/*drug effects/pathology
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    Intracellular analysis of trigeminal motoneuron activity during sleep in the cat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: Intracellular recordings were made from trigeminal motoneurons of normally respiring, unanesthetized cats during naturally occurring sleep. The transition from quiet to active sleep was accompanied by tonic motoneuron hyperpolarization. Stimulation of the reticular formation induced a depolarizing potential in trigeminal motoneurons during quiet sleep and a hyperpolarizing potential during active sleep. The results provide a synaptic explanation for the phenomenon of reticular response reversal and insights into the basic mechanisms controlling motor activity during the sleep states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Y -- Goldberg, L J -- Chandler, S H -- Chase, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):204-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Reflex ; Reticular Formation/*physiology ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology
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    Prostacyclin: a potentially valuable agent for preserving myocardial tissue in acute myocardial ischemia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Prostacyclin, a potent, naturally occurring prostaglandin exerts a variety of cardiovascular and cellular actions of potential value in acute myocardial ischemia. These properties include the reduction of systemic blood pressure without changing heart rate, the lowering of coronary vascular and total peripheral resistance, the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the concomitant formation of thromboxane B2, and the reduction of the release of lysosomal enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lefer, A M -- Ogletree, M L -- Smith, J B -- Silver, M J -- Nicolaou, K C -- Barnette, W E -- Gasic, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):52-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cats ; Coronary Circulation/drug effects ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy ; Epoprostenol/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hemodynamics/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysosomes/drug effects/enzymology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Prostaglandins/*pharmacology ; Thromboxanes/blood ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects
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