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  • Articles  (6,273)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4,710)
  • Chemical Engineering  (730)
  • Humans  (544)
  • Animals  (521)
  • 1995-1999  (6,273)
  • 1995  (6,273)
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  • Articles  (6,273)
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  • 1995-1999  (6,273)
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  • 1
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    Patients in research: not just subjects, but partners (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heymann, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):797-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Medical School, Kennedy School of Government, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; *Patient Participation ; *Research ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Social Values
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The Devi case and more (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, W W -- Feder, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1030-1; author reply 1034.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; Cryptococcus neoformans/*immunology ; *Fungal Vaccines ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Plagiarism ; *Publishing ; United States ; United States Office of Research Integrity ; Vaccines, Conjugate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-13
    Description: Magnetic source imaging revealed that the cortical representation of the digits of the left hand of string players was larger than that in controls. The effect was smallest for the left thumb, and no such differences were observed for the representations of the right hand digits. The amount of cortical reorganization in the representation of the fingering digits was correlated with the age at which the person had begun to play. These results suggest that the representation of different parts of the body in the primary somatosensory cortex of humans depends on use and changes to conform to the current needs and experiences of the individual.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elbert, T -- Pantev, C -- Wienbruch, C -- Rockstroh, B -- Taub, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Afferent Pathways ; Aging ; Brain Mapping ; Fingers/*innervation ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; *Music ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Somatosensory Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Thumb/*innervation ; Touch
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Inhibition of ocular dominance column formation by infusion of NT-4/5 or BDNF (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: During the development of the visual system of higher mammals, axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) become segregated into eye-specific patches (the ocular dominance columns) within their target, layer 4 of the primary visual cortex. This occurs as a consequence of activity-dependent synaptic competition between axons representing the two eyes. The possibility that this competition could be mediated through neurotrophin-receptor interactions was tested. Infusion of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into cat primary visual cortex inhibited column formation within the immediate vicinity of the infusion site but not elsewhere in the visual cortex. Infusion of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), or vehicle solution did not affect column formation. These observations implicate TrkB, the common receptor for BDNF and NT-4/5, in the segregation of LGN axons into ocular dominance columns in layer 4. Moreover, they suggest that in addition to their better known roles in the prevention of cell death, neurotrophins may also mediate the activity-dependent control of axonal branching during development of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cabelli, R J -- Hohn, A -- Shatz, C J -- EY02858/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY06327/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH 48108/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1662-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/drug effects/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Cats ; Dominance, Cerebral/*drug effects ; Geniculate Bodies/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*pharmacology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Crystal structure of DCoH, a bifunctional, protein-binding transcriptional coactivator (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: DCoH, the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, stimulates gene expression by associating with specific DNA binding proteins and also catalyzes the dehydration of the biopterin cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The x-ray crystal structure determined at 3 angstrom resolution reveals that DCoH forms a tetramer containing two saddle-shaped grooves that comprise likely macromolecule binding sites. Two equivalent enzyme active sites flank each saddle, suggesting that there is a spatial connection between the catalytic and binding activities. Structural similarities between the DCoH fold and nucleic acid-binding proteins argue that the saddle motif has evolved to bind diverse ligands or that DCoH unexpectedly may bind nucleic acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Endrizzi, J A -- Cronk, J D -- Wang, W -- Crabtree, G R -- Alber, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hydro-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Apoptosis plays an important role during neuronal development, and defects in apoptosis may underlie various neurodegenerative disorders. To characterize molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal apoptosis, the contributions to cell death of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members, including ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH2-terminal protein kinase), and p38, were examined after withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. NGF withdrawal led to sustained activation of the JNK and p38 enzymes and inhibition of ERKs. The effects of dominant-interfering or constitutively activated forms of various components of the JNK-p38 and ERK signaling pathways demonstrated that activation of JNK and p38 and concurrent inhibition of ERK are critical for induction of apoptosis in these cells. Therefore, the dynamic balance between growth factor-activated ERK and stress-activated JNK-p38 pathways may be important in determining whether a cell survives or undergoes apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Z -- Dickens, M -- Raingeaud, J -- Davis, R J -- Greenberg, M E -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, jun ; *JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/enzymology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction ; Staurosporine ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Constitutively activated Jak-STAT pathway in T cells transformed with HTLV-I (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent for adult T cell leukemia and tropical spastic paraparesis (also termed HTLV-I-associated myelopathy). HTLV-I-infected peripheral blood T cells exhibit an initial phase of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent growth; over time, by an unknown mechanism, the cells become IL-2-independent. Whereas the Jak kinases Jak1 and Jak3 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins Stat3 and Stat5 are activated in normal T cells in response to IL-2, this signaling pathway was constitutively activated in HTLV-I-transformed cells. In HTLV-I-infected cord blood lymphocytes, the transition from IL-2-dependent to IL-2-independent growth correlated with the acquisition of a constitutively activated Jak-STAT pathway, which suggests that this pathway participates in HTLV-I-mediated T cell transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Migone, T S -- Lin, J X -- Cereseto, A -- Mulloy, J C -- O'Shea, J J -- Franchini, G -- Leonard, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Transformed ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Janus Kinase 3 ; *Milk Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/*virology ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Breast cancer activists seek voice in research decisions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1508-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research ; *Breast Neoplasms ; *Consumer Advocacy ; Consumer Organizations ; Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    FFA-1, a protein that promotes the formation of replication centers within nuclei (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, initiation of DNA replication occurs at a discrete number of foci. One component of these foci is the DNA replication factor RP-A. Here, the process leading to the association of RP-A with foci was reconstituted with cytosolic fractions derived from Xenopus eggs. With the use of this fractionated system, a 170-kilodalton protein required for the assembly of RP-A into foci was identified and purified. The protein appears to be an integral component of the foci at which replication of DNA is initiated in eukaryotic nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, H -- Newport, J -- GM33523/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Diego, Department of Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Cytosol/chemistry ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes ; Orientation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Replication Protein A ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Animal research bills threaten Polish science (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Databases, Factual ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Poland ; *Social Control, Formal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Fisher given new role in cancer project (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1762.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms/surgery ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Vietnam. Joint dioxin research imperiled (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*adverse effects/analysis ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*adverse effects/analysis ; Defoliants, Chemical/*adverse effects ; Dioxins/*adverse effects/analysis ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*adverse effects/analysis ; United States ; Vietnam ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Orphanin FQ: a neuropeptide that activates an opioidlike G protein-coupled receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: A heptadecapeptide was identified and purified from porcine brain tissue as a ligand for an orphan heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (LC132) that is similar in sequence to opioid receptors. This peptide, orphanin FQ, has a primary structure reminiscent of that of opioid peptides. Nanomolar concentrations of orphanin FQ inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cells transfected with LC132. This inhibitory activity was not affected by the addition of opioid ligands, nor did the peptide activate opioid receptors. Orphanin FQ bound to its receptor in a saturable manner and with high affinity. When injected intracerebroventricularly into mice, orphanin FQ caused a decrease in locomotor activity but did not induce analgesia in the hot-plate test. However, the peptide produced hyperalgesia in the tail-flick assay. Thus, orphanin FQ may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinscheid, R K -- Nothacker, H P -- Bourson, A -- Ardati, A -- Henningsen, R A -- Bunzow, J R -- Grandy, D K -- Langen, H -- Monsma, F J Jr -- Civelli, O -- DA 08562/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 09620/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):792-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharma Division, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/chemistry ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Injections, Spinal ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/chemistry/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Swine ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    The control of calcium release in heart muscle (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The control of calcium release from intracellular stores (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) in cardiac muscle was examined with the use of a confocal microscope and voltage clamp techniques. Depolarization evoked graded calcium release by altering the extent of spatial and temporal summation of elementary calcium release events called "calcium sparks." These evoked sparks were triggered by local L-type calcium channel currents in a stochastic manner, were similar at different potentials, and resembled spontaneous calcium sparks. Once triggered, the calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during a calcium spark was independent of the duration of the triggering calcium influx. These results were used to develop a unifying model for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling that explains the large (but paradoxically stable) amplification of the trigger calcium influx by a combination of digital and analog behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannell, M B -- Cheng, H -- Lederer, W J -- HL25675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL36974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1045-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle Proteins/physiology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    A middle stone age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: Three archaeological sites at Katanda on the Upper Semliki River in the Western Rift Valley of Zaire have provided evidence for a well-developed bone industry in a Middle Stone Age context. Artifacts include both barbed and unbarbed points as well as a daggerlike object. Dating by both direct and indirect means indicate an age of approximately 90,000 years or older. Together with abundant fish (primarily catfish) remains, the bone technology indicates that a complex subsistence specialization had developed in Africa by this time. The level of behavioral competence required is consistent with that of upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens. These data support an African origin of behaviorally as well as biologically modern humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yellen, J E -- Brooks, A S -- Cornelissen, E -- Mehlman, M J -- Stewart, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):553-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeology Program, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Archaeology ; *Behavior ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans
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  • 16
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    Requirement for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in the prevention of apoptosis by nerve growth factor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces both differentiation and survival of neurons by binding to the Trk receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Although Ras is required for differentiation, it was not required for NGF-mediated survival of rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells in serum-free medium. However, the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis (programmed cell death) was inhibited by wortmannin or LY294002, two specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) prevented apoptosis of PC-12 cells expressing the wild-type PDGF receptor, but not of cells expressing a mutant receptor that failed to activate Pl-3 kinase. Cell survival thus appears to be mediated by a Pl-3 kinase signaling pathway distinct from the pathway that mediates differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yao, R -- Cooper, G M -- R01 CA 18689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):2003-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Animal testing and EPA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farland, W H -- Vaughn-Dellarco, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1907, 1909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogenicity Tests ; Diet ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; *Toxicity Tests ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 18
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    Quantitative trait locus for reading disability: correction (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: In the news article "Can risky mergers save hospital-based research?" by Wade Roush (19 May, p. 968), the statement that University Hospitals of Cleveland rose from 20th in the rankings of teaching hospitals funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1991 to 12th at present was incorrect. In fact, it was Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), with which University Hospitals of Cleveland is affiliated, that received $69 million in NIH grants in 1993, making it the 20th largest recipient of such grants among medical centers; the university then received $97 million in 1994, raising its rank to 12th. About $15 million of the increase, or 53%, was attributable to CWRU's 1992 affiliation with Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. Other hospitals affiliated with Case Western include MetroHealth Medical Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, St. Luke's Medical Center, and Cleveland Veterans' Affairs Medical Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardon, L R -- Smith, S D -- Fulker, D W -- Kimberling, W J -- Pennington, B F -- DeFries, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Diseases in Twins/*genetics ; Dyslexia/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
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    Key NASA lab under fire for animal care practices (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare/*standards ; Animals ; Rats ; Research/*standards ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Dissociation of synchronization and excitability in furosemide blockade of epileptiform activity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Furosemide, a chloride cotransport inhibitor, reversibly blocked synchronized burst discharges in hippocampal slices without reducing the pyramidal cell response to single electrical stimuli. Images of the intrinsic optical signal acquired during these slice experiments indicated that furosemide coincidentally blocked changes in extracellular space. In urethane-anesthetized rats, systemically injected furosemide blocked kainic acid-induced electrical discharges recorded from cortex. These results suggest that (i) neuronal synchronization involved in epileptiform activity can be dissociated from synaptic excitability; (ii) nonsynaptic mechanisms, possibly associated with furosemide-sensitive cell volume regulation, may be critical for synchronization of neuronal activity; and (iii) agents that affect extracellular volume may have clinical utility as antiepileptic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochman, D W -- Baraban, S C -- Owens, J W -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS07144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*pharmacology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Extracellular Space/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 21
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    Calcium sparks in vascular smooth muscle: relaxation regulators (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fay, F S -- HL14523/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL47530/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; *Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism/*physiology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation
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  • 22
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    Role of NK1.1+ T cells in a TH2 response and in immunoglobulin E production (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Immune responses dominated by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing T helper type 2 (TH2) cells or by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T helper type 1 (TH1) cells express distinctive protection against infection with different pathogens. Interleukin-4 promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into IL-4 producers and suppresses their development into IFN-gamma producers. CD1-specific splenic CD4+NK1.1+ T cells, a numerically minor population, produced IL-4 promptly on in vivo stimulation. This T cell population was essential for the induction of IL-4-producing cells and for switching to immunoglobulin E, an IL-4-dependent event, in response to injection of antibodies to immunoglobulin D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimoto, T -- Bendelac, A -- Watson, C -- Hu-Li, J -- Paul, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1845-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunoglobulin E/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen/cytology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology
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    The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its genome (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: Over the past two decades, the small soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become established as a major model system for the study of a great variety of problems in biology and medicine. One of its most significant advantages is its simplicity, both in anatomy and in genomic organization. The entire haploid genetic content amounts to 100 million base pairs of DNA, about 1/30 the size of the human value. As a result, C. elegans has also provided a pilot system for the construction of physical maps of larger animal and plant genomes, and subsequently for the complete sequencing of those genomes. By mid-1995, approximately one-fifth of the complete DNA sequence of this animal had been determined. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a test bed not only for the development and application of mapping and sequencing technologies, but also for the interpretation and use of complete sequence information. This article reviews the progress so far toward a realizable goal--the total description of the genome of a simple animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodgkin, J -- Plasterk, R H -- Waterston, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):410-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genome ; Mutation ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    A neuropeptide gene defined by the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: Mutations in genes required for associative learning and memory in Drosophila exist, but isolation of the genes has been difficult because most are defined by a single, chemically induced allele. Here, a simplified genetic screen was used to identify candidate genes involved in learning and memory. Second site suppressors of the dunce (dnc) female sterility phenotype were isolated with the use of transposon mutagenesis. One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene. Cloning of the locus revealed that amn encodes a previously uncharacterized neuropeptide gene. Thus, with the cloning of amn, specific neuropeptides are implicated in the memory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feany, M B -- Quinn, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):869-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/*genetics ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Suppression, Genetic
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    Rockefeller strikes fat deal with Amgen (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):631.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics ; Biotechnology/*economics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Obesity/genetics ; *Patents as Topic ; United States ; Universities/*economics
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  • 26
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    Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, B -- Poueymirou, W -- Papaioannou, V E -- DeChiara, T M -- Goldfarb, M -- HD21988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD27198/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morula/drug effects/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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  • 27
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    How the brain creates imagery: projection to primary visual cortex (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyashita, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1719-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Eidetic Imagery/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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  • 28
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    Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-02
    Description: Fas (also known as Apo1 and CD95) is a cell surface receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Fas expression and function were analyzed in three children (including two siblings) with a lymphoproliferative syndrome, two of whom also had autoimmune disorders. A large deletion in the gene encoding Fas and no detectable cell surface expression characterized the most affected patient. Clinical manifestations in the two related patients were less severe: Fas-mediated apoptosis was impaired and a deletion within the intracytoplasmic domain was detected. These findings illustrate the crucial regulatory role of Fas and may provide a molecular basis for some autoimmune diseases in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieux-Laucat, F -- Le Deist, F -- Hivroz, C -- Roberts, I A -- Debatin, K M -- Fischer, A -- de Villartay, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 2;268(5215):1347-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U 429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD95 ; Antigens, Surface/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Deletion ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia/genetics/immunology/pathology
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  • 29
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    Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: Deficiency in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an enzyme that degrades serotonin and norepinephrine, has recently been shown to be associated with aggressive behavior in men of a Dutch family. A line of transgenic mice was isolated in which transgene integration caused a deletion in the gene encoding MAOA, providing an animal model of MAOA deficiency. In pup brains, serotonin concentrations were increased up to ninefold, and serotonin-like immunoreactivity was present in catecholaminergic neurons. In pup and adult brains, norepinephrine concentrations were increased up to twofold, and cytoarchitectural changes were observed in the somatosensory cortex. Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine. Adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cases, O -- Seif, I -- Grimsby, J -- Gaspar, P -- Chen, K -- Pournin, S -- Muller, U -- Aguet, M -- Babinet, C -- Shih, J C -- K05 MH 00796/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH 37020/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH 39085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085-23/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unite de Recherche Associee (URA), Institut Curie, Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Brain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monoamine Oxidase/*deficiency ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Serotonin/*metabolism
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  • 30
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    A molecular approach to cancer risk (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):356-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogenicity Tests ; Carcinogens/*toxicity ; Chloroform/toxicity ; Dioxins/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk Assessment ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    Telomeres: beginning to understand the end (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Telomeres are the protein-DNA structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. In yeast, and probably most other eukaryotes, telomeres are essential. They allow the cell to distinguish intact from broken chromosomes, protect chromosomes from degradation, and are substrates for novel replication mechanisms. Telomeres are usually replicated by telomerase, a telomere-specific reverse transcriptase, although telomerase-independent mechanisms of telomere maintenance exist. Telomere replication is both cell cycle- and developmentally regulated, and its control is likely to be complex. Because telomere loss causes the kinds of chromosomal changes associated with cancer and aging, an understanding of telomere biology has medical relevance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zakian, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1601-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Chromosomes/metabolism/physiology ; DNA/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Telomerase/metabolism ; Telomere/chemistry/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein lipidation in cell signaling (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: The ability of cells to communicate with and respond to their external environment is critical for their continued existence. A universal feature of this communication is that the external signal must in some way penetrate the lipid bilayer surrounding the cell. In most cases of such signal acquisition, the signaling entity itself does not directly enter the cell but rather transmits its information to specific proteins present on the surface of the cell membrane. These proteins then communicate with additional proteins associated with the intracellular face of the membrane. Membrane localization and function of many of these proteins are dependent on their covalent modification by specific lipids, and it is the processes involved that form the focus of this article.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):221-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710-3686, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Congressman ties genome bucks to ethics (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; *Financing, Government ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Government ; Government Regulation ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; Prejudice ; Social Control, Formal ; United States
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  • 34
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    Extreme discordant sib pairs for mapping quantitative trait loci in humans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: Analysis of differences between siblings (sib pair analysis) is a standard method of genetic linkage analysis for mapping quantitative trait loci, such as those contributing to hypertension and obesity, in humans. In traditional designs, pairs are selected at random or with one sib having an extreme trait value. The majority of such pairs provide little power to detect linkage; only pairs that are concordant for high values, low values, or extremely discordant pairs (for example, one in the top 10 percent and the other in the bottom 10 percent of the distribution) provide substantial power. Focus on discordant pairs can reduce the amount of genotyping necessary over conventional designs by 10- to 40-fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Risch, N -- Zhang, H -- HD30712/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG00348/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1584-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Chromosomes, Human ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; Nuclear Family ; Phenotype ; Probability ; Sample Size
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    The complexities of conception (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aitken, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):39-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Edinburgh, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lectins/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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  • 36
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    Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: A fundamental question in signal transduction is how stimulation of a specific protein kinase leads to phosphorylation of particular protein substrates throughout the cell. Recent studies indicate that specific anchoring proteins located at various sites in the cell compartmentalize the kinases to their sites of action. Inhibitors of the interactions between kinases and their anchoring proteins inhibit the functions mediated by the kinases. These data indicate that the location of these anchoring proteins provides some of the specificity of the responses mediated by each kinase and suggest that inhibitors of the interaction between the kinases and their anchoring proteins may be useful as therapeutic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mochly-Rosen, D -- R01 HL-43380/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):247-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5332, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Peptide binding and presentation by mouse CD1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: CD1 molecules are distantly related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. They are of unknown function. Screening random peptide phage display libraries with soluble empty mouse CD1 (mCD1) identified a peptide binding motif. It consists of three anchor positions occupied by aromatic or bulky hydrophobic amino acids. Equilibrium binding studies demonstrated that mCD1 binds peptides containing the appropriate motif with relatively high affinity. However, in contrast to classical MHC class I molecules, strong binding to mCD1 required relatively long peptides. Peptide-specific, mCD1-restricted T cell responses can be raised, which suggests that the findings are of immunological significance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castano, A R -- Tangri, S -- Miller, J E -- Holcombe, H R -- Jackson, M R -- Huse, W D -- Kronenberg, M -- Peterson, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD1 ; Cell Line ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection
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    The RNA component of human telomerase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: Eukaryotic chromosomes are capped with repetitive telomere sequences that protect the ends from damage and rearrangements. Telomere repeats are synthesized by telomerase, a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein complex. Here, the cloning of the RNA component of human telomerase, termed hTR, is described. The template region of hTR encompasses 11 nucleotides (5'-CUAACCCUAAC) complementary to the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n. Germline tissues and tumor cell lines expressed more hTR than normal somatic cells and tissues, which have no detectable telomerase activity. Human cell lines that expressed hTR mutated in the template region generated the predicted mutant telomerase activity. HeLa cells transfected with an antisense hTR lost telomeric DNA and began to die after 23 to 26 doublings. Thus, human telomerase is a critical enzyme for the long-term proliferation of immortal tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, J -- Funk, W D -- Wang, S S -- Weinrich, S L -- Avilion, A A -- Chiu, C P -- Adams, R R -- Chang, E -- Allsopp, R C -- Yu, J -- AG09383/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Death ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Radiation studies (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, M -- Kodama, K -- Mabuchi, K -- Ohara, J L -- Preston, D L -- Satoh, C -- Akahoshi, M -- Honda, T -- Soda, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1077.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government Agencies ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; *Nuclear Warfare ; *Radiation Injuries ; Survivors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Brazil passes gene law (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; DNA, Recombinant ; Embryo Research ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Therapy ; Germ Cells ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Legislation as Topic ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Research ; *Social Control, Formal
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    Environmental toxicants under scrutiny at Baltimore meeting (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1770-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Ozone/*adverse effects ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology ; Smoke/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; Water Purification/methods
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  • 42
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    Translational suppression by trinucleotide repeat expansion at FMR1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: Fragile X syndrome is the result of the unstable expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Fibroblast subclones from a mildly affected patient, each containing stable FMR1 alleles with 57 to 285 CGG repeats, were shown to exhibit normal steady-state levels of FMR1 messenger RNA. However, FMR protein was markedly diminished from transcript with more than 200 repeats. Such transcripts were associated with stalled 40S ribosomal subunits. These results suggest that a structural RNA transition beyond 200 repeats impedes the linear 40S migration along the 5'-untranslated region. This results in translational inhibition by trinucleotide repeat expansion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Y -- Zhang, F -- Lokey, L K -- Chastain, J L -- Lakkis, L -- Eberhart, D -- Warren, S T -- HD20521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Clone Cells ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts/chemistry ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
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    Exploring transgenic plants as a new vaccine source (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):658, 660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*biosynthesis/immunology
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  • 44
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    Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: Lactacystin is a Streptomyces metabolite that inhibits cell cycle progression and induces neurite outgrowth in a murine neuroblastoma cell line. Tritium-labeled lactacystin was used to identify the 20S proteasome as its specific cellular target. Three distinct peptidase activities of this enzyme complex (trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activities) were inhibited by lactacystin, the first two irreversibly and all at different rates. None of five other proteases were inhibited, and the ability of lactacystin analogs to inhibit cell cycle progression and induce neurite outgrowth correlated with their ability to inhibit the proteasome. Lactacystin appears to modify covalently the highly conserved amino-terminal threonine of the mammalian proteasome subunit X (also called MB1), a close homolog of the LMP7 proteasome subunit encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. This threonine residue may therefore have a catalytic role, and subunit X/MB1 may be a core component of an amino-terminal-threonine protease activity of the proteasome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fenteany, G -- Standaert, R F -- Lane, W S -- Choi, S -- Corey, E J -- Schreiber, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):726-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*drug effects/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*drug effects/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Threonine/*drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Genetic discrimination (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holtzman, S -- Hillback, E D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; *Genetics, Medical ; Health Care Reform ; Humans ; *Insurance Selection Bias ; Insurance, Health/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 46
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    Test animals and risk (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holtzman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; *Toxicity Tests/statistics & numerical data
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    IL-12 possibilities (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohapatra, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Interleukin-12/adverse effects/immunology/*therapeutic use
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    Panel clears NIH in patient deaths (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects ; Arabinofuranosyluracil/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Risk assessment. Agencies decry fuzzy science in bill (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1089-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Environmental Exposure/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Lead/*blood ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 50
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    Participation of the human beta-globin locus control region in initiation of DNA replication (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) controls the transcription, chromatin structure, and replication timing of the entire locus. DNA replication was found to initiate in a transcription-independent manner within a region located 50 kilobases downstream of the LCR in human, mouse, and chicken cells containing the entire human beta-globin locus. However, DNA replication did not initiate within a deletion mutant locus lacking the sequences that encompass the LCR. This mutant locus replicated in the 3' to 5' direction. Thus, interactions between distantly separated sequences can be required for replication initiation, and factors mediating this interaction appear to be conserved in evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aladjem, M I -- Groudine, M -- Brody, L L -- Dieken, E S -- Fournier, R E -- Wahl, G M -- Epner, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):815-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; *DNA Replication ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis in mice lacking the dioxin-binding Ah receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AHR) mediates many carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of environmentally toxic chemicals such as dioxin. An AHR-deficient (Ahr-/-) mouse line was constructed by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Almost half of the mice died shortly after birth, whereas survivors reached maturity and were fertile. The Ahr-/- mice showed decreased accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, but not in the thymus. The livers of Ahr-/- mice were reduced in size by 50 percent and showed bile duct fibrosis Ahr-/- mice were also nonresponsive with regard to dioxin-mediated induction of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of foreign compounds. Thus, the AHR plays an important role in the development of the liver and the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez-Salguero, P -- Pineau, T -- Hilbert, D M -- McPhail, T -- Lee, S S -- Kimura, S -- Nebert, D W -- Rudikoff, S -- Ward, J M -- Gonzalez, F J -- P30 ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES06811/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):722-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Immunity/*physiology ; Liver/*physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoid Tissue/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/*physiology
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    Genome maps. VI. Caenorhabditis elegans. Wall chart (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chalfie, M -- Eddy, S -- Hengartner, M O -- Hodgkin, J -- Kohara, Y -- Plasterk, R H -- Waterston, R H -- White, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):415-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Data
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    Global warming. If the mercury soars, so may health hazards (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7863337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/transmission ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Hot Temperature/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Malaria/epidemiology/transmission ; Population Surveillance ; *Tropical Medicine ; Urban Health ; World Health Organization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of ion channels by ABC transporters that secrete ATP (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉al-Awqati, Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7543697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*secretion ; Animals ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Receptors
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    Structure of a complex of two plasma proteins: transthyretin and retinol-binding protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of the complex formed by two plasma proteins, transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, was determined from x-ray diffraction data to a nominal resolution of 3.1 angstroms. One tetramer of transthyretin was bound to two molecules of retinol-binding protein. The two retinol-binding protein molecules established molecular interactions with the same transthyretin dimer, and each also made contacts with one of the other two monomers. Thus, the other two potential binding sites in a transthyretin tetramer were blocked. The amino acid residues of the retinol-binding protein that were involved in the contacts were close to the retinol-binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monaco, H L -- Rizzi, M -- Coda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Pavia, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Chickens ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Prealbumin/*chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/*chemistry ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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    Global approaches to the promotion of women's health (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mongella, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):789-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fourth World Conference on Women, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission ; Aging ; Biomedical Research ; Female ; *Global Health ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Poverty ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Resource Allocation ; Sex Characteristics ; Violence ; *Women's Health ; Women's Health Services ; World Health Organization
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    Springs for wings (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):50-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, England.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/physiology ; Elasticity ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Requirement for Src family protein tyrosine kinases in G2 for fibroblast cell division (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: The protein tyrosine kinase c-Src is transiently activated at the transition from the G2 phase to mitosis in the cell cycle of mammalian fibroblasts. Fyn and Yes, the other members of the Src family present in fibroblasts, were also found to be activated at mitosis. In cells microinjected with a neutralizing antibody specific for Src, Fyn, and Yes (anti-cst.1) during G2, cell division was inhibited by 75 percent. The block occurred before nuclear envelope breakdown. Antibodies specific for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha and phospholipase C-gamma 1 had no effect. Microinjection of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Fyn was also inhibitory. Functional redundancy between members of the Src family was observed; a Src-specific antibody had no effect in NIH 3T3 cells but inhibited cell division in fibroblasts in which the only functional Src family kinase was Src itself. Thus, Src family kinases and proteins associating with their SH2 domains are required for entry into mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roche, S -- Fumagalli, S -- Courtneidge, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1567-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) faculte de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7545311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Enzyme Activation ; *G2 Phase ; Isoenzymes/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Microinjections ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/immunology/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/immunology/metabolism ; *src-Family Kinases
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    Masking of the CBF1/RBPJ kappa transcriptional repression domain by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a transcriptional activator that is essential for EBV-driven B cell immortalization. EBNA2 is targeted to responsive promoters through interaction with a cellular DNA binding protein, C promoter binding factor 1 (CBF1). A transcriptional repression domain has been identified within CBF1. This domain also interacts with EBNA2, and repression is masked by EBNA2 binding. Thus, EBNA2 acts by countering transcriptional repression. Mutation at amino acid 233 of CBF1 abolishes repression and correlates with a loss-of-function mutation in the Drosophila homolog Su(H).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsieh, J J -- Hayward, S D -- CA42245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Requirement of serine phosphorylation for formation of STAT-promoter complexes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines bind to and activate receptors that contain a common subunit, gp130. This leads to the activation of Stat3 and Stat1, two cytoplasmic signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), by tyrosine phosphorylation. Serine phosphorylation of Stat3 was constitutive and was enhanced by signaling through gp130. In cells of lymphoid and neuronal origins, inhibition of serine phosphorylation prevented the formation of complexes of DNA with Stat3-Stat3 but not with Stat3-Stat1 or Stat1-Stat1 dimers. In vitro serine dephosphorylation of Stat3 also inhibited DNA binding of Stat3-Stat3. The requirement of serine phosphorylation for Stat3-Stat3.DNA complex formation was inversely correlated with the affinity of Stat3-Stat3 for the binding site. Thus, serine phosphorylation appears to enhance or to be required for the formation of stable Stat3-Stat3.DNA complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, X -- Blenis, J -- Li, H C -- Schindler, C -- Chen-Kiang, S -- CA46595/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 21006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1990-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Serine/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Cracking the neuronal code (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferster, D -- Spruston, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):756-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Kinetics ; *Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Visual Cortex/cytology/physiology
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    TH2 downregulation of macrophage HIV-1 replication (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montaner, L J -- Gordon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):538-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukins/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Macrophages/*virology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
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    Genetic feminization of brain structures and changed sexual orientation in male Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: The neural basis of sexual orientation in Drosophila was studied by the production of males with regionally feminized brains. Such flies express the female form of the sex determination gene transformer in a limited number of neurons under the control of GAL4 enhancer trap inserts. This method facilitated the creation of lines with a stable pattern of feminization. In tests of sexual preferences, flies that were feminized in a portion of the antennal lobes or in a subset of the corpora pedunculata (mushroom bodies) courted both males and females. These two brain structures, both of which are involved in olfactory processing, may function in the recognition of sex-specific pheromones, in the control of sex-specific behaviors, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferveur, J F -- Stortkuhl, K F -- Stocker, R F -- Greenspan, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, New York University, NY 10003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisexuality ; Brain/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Sex Attractants/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell
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    Cytostatic gene therapy for vascular proliferative disorders with a constitutively active form of the retinoblastoma gene product (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in response to injury is an important etiologic factor in vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is present in the unphosphorylated and active form in quiescent primary arterial SMCs, but is rapidly inactivated by phosphorylation in response to growth factor stimulation in vitro. A replication-defective adenovirus encoding a nonphosphorylatable, constitutively active form of Rb was constructed. Infection of cultured primary rat aortic SMCs with this virus inhibited growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Localized arterial infection with the virus at the time of balloon angioplasty significantly reduced SMC proliferation and neointima formation in both the rat carotid and porcine femoral artery models of restenosis. These results demonstrate the role of Rb in regulating vascular SMC proliferation and suggest a gene therapy approach for vascular proliferative disorders associated with arterial injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, M W -- Barr, E -- Seltzer, J -- Jiang, Y Q -- Nabel, G J -- Nabel, E G -- Parmacek, M S -- Leiden, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):518-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood ; Carotid Arteries/virology ; Cell Division ; Disease Models, Animal ; Femoral Artery/virology ; *Genes, Retinoblastoma ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/pathology/virology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinoblastoma Protein/*physiology ; Swine ; Vascular Diseases/pathology/*therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rules would drop need for clinical data (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):23-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Patents as Topic ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ras-dependent induction of cellular responses by constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: Phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase is one of many enzymes stimulated by growth factors. A constitutively activated mutant, p110, that functions independently of growth factor stimulation was constructed to determine the specific responses regulated by Pl-3 kinase. The p110 protein exhibited high specific activity as a Pl-3 kinase and as a protein kinase. Expression of p110 in NIH 3T3 cells induced transcription from the fos promoter. Co-expression of dominant negative Ras blocked this response. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, p110 increased the amount of guanosine 5'-triphosphate-bound Ras, caused activation of the Ras effector Raf-1, and induced Ras-dependent oocyte maturation. These findings show that Pl-3 kinase can stimulate diverse Ras-dependent cellular processes, including oocyte maturation and fos transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Q -- Klippel, A -- Muslin, A J -- Fantl, W J -- Williams, L T -- R01 HL32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Genes, fos/genetics ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; ras Proteins/*physiology
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    Kaposi's sarcoma findings (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, P S -- Chang, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Humans ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology/*virology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology/*virology ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology/*virology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Regeneration and mammalian auditory hair cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chardin, S -- Romand, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):707-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cilia/ultrastructure ; Culture Media ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Organ of Corti/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration/*drug effects ; Tretinoin/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Crystal structure of the V alpha domain of a T cell antigen receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: The crystal structure of the V alpha domain of a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) was determined at a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. This structure represents an immunoglobulin topology set different from those previously described. A switch in a polypeptide strand from one beta sheet to the other enables a pair of V alpha homodimers to pack together to form a tetramer, such that the homodimers are parallel to each other and all hypervariable loops face in one direction. On the basis of the observed mode of V alpha association, a model of an (alpha beta)2 TCR tetramer can be positioned relative to the major histocompatibility complex class II (alpha beta)2 tetramer with the third hypervariable loop of V alpha over the amino-terminal portion of the antigenic peptide and the corresponding loop of V beta over its carboxyl-terminal residues. TCR dimerization that is mediated by the alpha chain may contribute to the coupling of antigen recognition to signal transduction during T cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, B A -- Ober, B -- Malchiodi, E L -- Lebedeva, M I -- Braden, B C -- Ysern, X -- Kim, J K -- Shao, X -- Ward, E S -- Mariuzza, R A -- AI31592/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM52801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology
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    Detecting dinosaur DNA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zischler, H -- Hoss, M -- Handt, O -- von Haeseler, A -- van der Kuyl, A C -- Goudsmit, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1192-3; author reply 1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cytochrome b Group/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny
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    Potentiation of transmitter release by ciliary neurotrophic factor requires somatic signaling (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: Neurotrophic factors participate in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Application of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a protein that promotes survival of motor neurons, resulted in an immediate potentiation of spontaneous and impulse-evoked transmitter release at developing neuromuscular synapses in Xenopus cell cultures. When CNTF was applied at the synapse, the onset of the potentiation was slower than that produced by application at the cell body of the presynaptic neuron. The potentiation effect was abolished when the neurite shaft was severed from the cell body. Thus, transmitter secretion from the nerve terminals is under immediate somatic control and can be regulated by CNTF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoop, R -- Poo, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):695-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dogfight erupts over animal studies in the Serengeti (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1302-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Carnivora ; Handling (Psychology) ; Rabies/etiology/*veterinary ; Stress, Physiological/complications/*veterinary ; Tanzania
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    Crystal structure of the xanthine oxidase-related aldehyde oxido-reductase from D. gigas (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: The crystal structure of the aldehyde oxido-reductase (Mop) from the sulfate reducing anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas has been determined at 2.25 A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined. The protein, a homodimer of 907 amino acid residues subunits, is a member of the xanthine oxidase family. The protein contains a molybdopterin cofactor (Mo-co) and two different [2Fe-2S] centers. It is folded into four domains of which the first two bind the iron sulfur centers and the last two are involved in Mo-co binding. Mo-co is a molybdenum molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide. Molybdopterin forms a tricyclic system with the pterin bicycle annealed to a pyran ring. The molybdopterin dinucleotide is deeply buried in the protein. The cis-dithiolene group of the pyran ring binds the molybdenum, which is coordinated by three more (oxygen) ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romao, M J -- Archer, M -- Moura, I -- Moura, J J -- LeGall, J -- Engh, R -- Schneider, M -- Hof, P -- Huber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1170-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica, Oeiras, Portugal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Coenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Desulfovibrio/*enzymology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology ; Electron Transport ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Metalloproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molybdenum/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pteridines/chemistry/metabolism ; Pterins/chemistry/metabolism ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase/*chemistry ; Xanthines/metabolism
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    Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: Analysis of data collected on 131 species of primates, bats, and insectivores showed that the sizes of brain components, from medulla to forebrain, are highly predictable from absolute brain size by a nonlinear function. The order of neurogenesis was found to be highly conserved across a wide range of mammals and to correlate with the relative enlargement of structures as brain size increases, with disproportionately large growth occurring in late-generated structures. Because the order of neurogenesis is conserved, the most likely brain alteration resulting from selection for any behavioral ability may be a coordinated enlargement of the entire nonolfactory brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finlay, B L -- Darlington, R B -- NS19245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1578-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Uris Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/cytology/growth & development ; Cell Division ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Insectivora/anatomy & histology ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Neurons/*cytology ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Regression Analysis ; Species Specificity
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    Regulation of human gene therapy (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase, G A -- DeLeon, P A -- Dronamraju, K R -- Erickson, R P -- Glorioso, J C 3rd -- Hirschhorn, R -- Lysaught, M T -- McGraw, K M -- Meyers, A S -- Miller, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):14-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Clinical Protocols ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; DNA, Recombinant ; Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; Genetic Therapy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Detecting dinosaur DNA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allard, M W -- Young, D -- Huyen, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1192; author reply 1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Cytochrome b Group/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    African origins: west side story (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans
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    Requirement for TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha in fetal thymocyte commitment and differentiation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: CD25 expression occurs early in thymocyte differentiation. The mechanism of induction of CD25 before T cell receptor rearrangement and the importance of this mechanism for T cell development are unknown. In a thymus reconstitution assay, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), two cytokines produced within the thymic microenvironment, induced CD25 expression on early immature thymocytes. Either TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha was necessary for further thymocyte maturation and CD4+CD8+ differentiation. In irradiated mice reconstituted with CD117+CD25+ thymocytes, commitment to the T cell lineage was marked by the loss of precursor multipotency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuniga-Pflucker, J C -- Jiang, D -- Lenardo, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1906-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology/*physiology ; Interleukin-7/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis ; Stromal Cells/physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*embryology/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology/*physiology
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    Defects in the barrier (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roop, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):474-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7529942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; Ichthyosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Intermediate Filaments/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Keratinocytes/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Keratins/genetics ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mutation ; Transglutaminases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1216-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Lions/*psychology ; *Territoriality
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  • 81
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    Integrins and modulation of transmitter release from motor nerve terminals by stretch (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: The stretch of a frog muscle within the physiological range can more than double the spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter from its motor nerve terminals. Here, stretch enhancement of release was suppressed by peptides containing the sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), which blocks integrin binding. Integrin antibodies also inhibited the enhancement obtained by stretching. Stretch enhancement depended on intraterminal calcium derived both from external calcium and from internal stores. Muscle stretch thus might enhance the release of neurotransmitters either by elevating internal calcium concentrations or by increasing the sensitivity of transmitter release to calcium in the nerve terminal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, B M -- Grinnell, A D -- NS06232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30673/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1578-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jerry Lewis Neuromuscular Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Integrins/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Microelectrodes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Endplate/physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Rana pipiens
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  • 82
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    Attacking the causes of "silent" infertility (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/immunology ; Endometriosis/*complications/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*etiology/genetics ; Infertility, Male/etiology ; Leiomyoma/*complications/genetics ; Male ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*complications/epidemiology/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/*complications/genetics
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  • 83
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    Cancer therapy. Brookhaven prepares for boron trials (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Boron Neutron Capture Therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans
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  • 84
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    Control of cell fate by a deubiquitinating enzyme encoded by the fat facets gene (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved polypeptide found in all eukaryotes. The major function of ubiquitin is to target proteins for complete or partial degradation by a multisubunit protein complex called the proteasome. Here, the Drosophila fat facets gene, which is required for the appropriate determination of particular cells in the fly eye, was shown to encode a ubiquitin-specific protease (Ubp), an enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitin-protein conjugates. The Fat facets protein (FAF) acts as a regulatory Ubp that prevents degradation of its substrate by the proteasome. Flies bearing fat facets gene mutations were used to show that a Ubp is cell type--and substrate-specific and a regulator of cell fate decisions in a multicellular organism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Y -- Baker, R T -- Fischer-Vize, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/enzymology/genetics ; Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Eye/embryology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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  • 85
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    PER protein interactions and temperature compensation of a circadian clock in Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: The periods of circadian clocks are relatively temperature-insensitive. Indeed, the perL mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster period gene, a central component of the clock, affects temperature compensation as well as period length. The per protein (PER) contains a dimerization domain (PAS) within which the perL mutation is located. Amino acid substitutions at the perL position rendered PER dimerization temperature-sensitive. In addition, another region of PER interacted with PAS, and the perL mutation enhanced this putative intramolecular interaction, which may compete with PAS-PAS intermolecular interactions. Therefore, temperature compensation of circadian period in Drosophila may be due in part to temperature-independent PER activity, which is based on competition between inter- and intramolecular interactions with similar temperature coefficients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z J -- Curtin, K D -- Rosbash, M -- GM-33205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1169-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Point Mutation ; Temperature
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  • 86
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    Cloning and characterization of a G protein-activated human phosphoinositide-3 kinase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: Phosphoinositide-3 kinase activity is implicated in diverse cellular responses triggered by mammalian cell surface receptors and in the regulation of protein sorting in yeast. Receptors with intrinsic and associated tyrosine kinase activity recruit heterodimeric phosphoinositide-3 kinases that consist of p110 catalytic subunits and p85 adaptor molecules containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. A phosphoinositide-3 kinase isotype, p110 gamma, was cloned and characterized. The p110 gamma enzyme was activated in vitro by both the alpha and beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) and did not interact with p85. A potential pleckstrin homology domain is located near its amino terminus. The p110 gamma isotype may link signaling through G protein-coupled receptors to the generation of phosphoinositide second messengers phosphorylated in the D-3 position.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoyanov, B -- Volinia, S -- Hanck, T -- Rubio, I -- Loubtchenkov, M -- Malek, D -- Stoyanova, S -- Vanhaesebroeck, B -- Dhand, R -- Nurnberg, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Research Unit in Growth Factor Signal Transduction, Medical Faculty, University of Jena, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 87
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    Mutations of keratinocyte transglutaminase in lamellar ichthyosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Lamellar ichthyosis is a severe congenital skin disorder characterized by generalized large scales and variable redness. Affected individuals in three families exhibited drastically reduced keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) activity. In two of these families, expression of TGK transcripts was diminished or abnormal and no TGK protein was detected. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the TGK gene were identified in all families. These data suggest that defects in TGK cause lamellar ichthyosis and that intact cross-linkage of cornified cell envelopes is required for epidermal tissue homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, M -- Rettler, I -- Bernasconi, K -- Frenk, E -- Lavrijsen, S P -- Ponec, M -- Bon, A -- Lautenschlager, S -- Schorderet, D F -- Hohl, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vandois (CHUV), Hopital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Codon ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar/enzymology/*genetics ; Introns ; Keratinocytes/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Transglutaminases/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 88
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    Zeroing in on how hormones affect the immune system (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogens/*physiology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Infection/immunology ; Male ; Menopause ; *Menstrual Cycle
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  • 89
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    Who owns the past? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 9;268(5216):1424-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7770766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology, Physical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Archaeology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Culture ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Israel ; Oceanic Ancestry Group ; Tasmania ; United States
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  • 90
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    The white gene of Ceratitis capitata: a phenotypic marker for germline transformation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: Reliable germline transformation is required for molecular studies and ultimately for genetic control of economically important insects, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. A prerequisite for the establishment and maintenance of transformant lines is selectable or phenotypically dominant markers. To this end, a complementary DNA clone derived from the medfly white gene was isolated, which showed substantial similarity to white genes in Drosophila melanogaster and other Diptera. It is correlated with a spontaneous mutation causing white eyes in the medfly and can be used to restore partial eye color in transgenic Drosophila carrying a null mutation in the endogenous white gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwiebel, L J -- Saccone, G -- Zacharopoulou, A -- Besansky, N J -- Favia, G -- Collins, F H -- Louis, C -- Kafatos, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):2005-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Diptera/chemistry/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Eye Color/genetics ; Eye Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; Insect Hormones/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; *Transformation, Genetic
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  • 91
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    "The Duesberg phenomenon": what does it mean? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Root-Bernstein, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):159-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/virology ; HIV/*pathogenicity ; HIV Infections/*virology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytopenia, Idiopathic CD4-Positive/etiology
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  • 92
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    Unraveling immune privilege (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streilein, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Chamber/immunology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sertoli Cells/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Transplantation Immunology
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  • 93
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    Genetic discrimination and health insurance: an urgent need for reform (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, K L -- Rothenberg, K H -- Andrews, L B -- Kahn, M J -- Collins, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):391-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetics, Medical ; Government Regulation ; Guidelines as Topic ; *Health Care Reform ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; *Insurance Selection Bias ; *Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Medically Uninsured ; United States
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  • 94
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    Have 25-million-year-old bacteria returned to life? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amber ; Animals ; Bacillus/genetics ; *Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification ; Bees/*microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; *Fossils ; Spores, Bacterial/isolation & purification
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  • 95
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    Why mammal ears went on the move (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Ear, Middle/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Hearing ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; *Paleontology
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  • 96
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    Minor groove recognition of the conserved G.U pair at the Tetrahymena ribozyme reaction site (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: The guanine-uracil (G.U) base pair that helps to define the 5'-splice site of group I introns is phylogenetically highly conserved. In such a wobble base pair, G makes two hydrogen bonds with U in a geometry shifted from that of a canonical Watson-Crick pair. The contribution made by individual functional groups of the G.U pair in the context of the Tetrahymena ribozyme was examined by replacement of the G.U pair with synthetic base pairs that maintain a wobble configuration, but that systematically alter functional groups in the major and minor grooves of the duplex. The substitutions demonstrate that the exocyclic amine of G, when presented on the minor groove surface by the wobble base pair conformation, contributes substantially (2 kilocalories.mole-1) to binding by making a tertiary interaction with the ribozyme active site. It contributes additionally to transition state stabilization. The ribozyme active site also makes tertiary contacts with a tripod of 2'-hydroxyls on the minor groove surface of the splice site helix. This suggests that the ribozyme binds the duplex primarily in the minor groove. The alanyl aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase recognizes the exocyclic amine of an invariant G.U pair and contacts a similar array of 2'-hydroxyls when binding the tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem, providing an unanticipated parallel between protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strobel, S A -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Guanine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tetrahymena/enzymology ; Uracil/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 97
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    The Yin and Yang of T cell costimulation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, J P -- Krummel, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):932-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/*immunology ; Antigens, CD80/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Aggression in mice and men? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Monoamine Oxidase/*deficiency/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Chimpanzee outbreak heats up search for Ebola origin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):974-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ape Diseases/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Ebolavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*virology ; Seasons ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    "The Duesberg phenomenon": what does it mean? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strohman, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):157-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/virology ; HIV/*pathogenicity ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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