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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (182,058)
  • ANU Press
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  • 1
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The introduction of village courts in Papua New Guinea in 1975 was an ambitious experiment in providing semi-formal legal access to the country's overwhelmingly rural population. Nearly 50 years later, the enthusiastic adoption of these courts has had a number of ramifications, some of them unanticipated. Arguably, the village courts have developed and are working exactly as they were supposed to do, adapted by local communities to modes and styles consistent with their own dispute management sensibilities. But with little in the way of state oversight or support, most village courts have become, of necessity, nearly autonomous. Village courts have also become the blueprint for other modes of dispute management. They overlap with other sources of authority, so the line between what does and does not constitute a 'court’ is now indistinct in many parts of the country. Rather than casting this issue as a problem for legal development, the contributors to Grassroots Law in Papua New Guineaask how, under conditions of state withdrawal, people seek to retain an understanding of law that holds out some promise of either keeping the attention of the state or reproducing the state’s authority.
    Keywords: Papua New Guinea ; Postcolonial law ; Socio-legal studies ; anthropology ; New legal realism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPG Rural planning and policy
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    ANU Press | ANU Press Music
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: VOLUME 3: I. Ending to Dr. Faust II. Definitive version of the Fantasia Contrappuntistica for two pianos III. Concerto for Orchestra: Completion and orchestration of the Fantasia Contrappuntistica. Larry Sitsky, professor emeritus at The Australian National University, is an internationally known composer, pianist, scholar, and teacher. His books are fundamental reference works on subjects such as Australian piano music, the 20th-century avant-garde, the piano music of Anton Rubinstein, the early 20th-century Russian avant-garde, and the classical reproducing piano roll. The Compleat Busoni is the result of Sitsky's lifelong focus on the composer Ferruccio Busoni. Over three volumes, Sitsky surveys Busoni’s vast output, provides an ending to the unfinished opera Dr. Faust, and presents definitive realisations of the Fantasia Contrappuntistica in two-piano and orchestral versions. New insights into Busoni’s style and aesthetics are an integral aspect of this work.
    Keywords: Ferruccio Busoni ; Dr. Faust ; Fantasia Contrappuntistica ; Arlecchino ; piano ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVA Theory of music and musicology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVP Musicians, singers, bands and groups ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVN Composers and songwriters ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVR Musical instruments::AVRG Keyboard instruments
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-02-24
    Description: Resisting Indonesia's Culture of Impunity examines the role of Indonesia’s first truth and reconciliation commission—the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission, or KKR Aceh—in investigating and redressing the extensive human rights violations committed during three decades of brutal separatist conflict (1976–2005) in the province of Aceh. The KKR Aceh was founded in late 2016, as a product of the 2005 peace deal between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). It has since faced many challenges—not least from Indonesia’s security forces and former GAM leaders, who have joined together in their determination to maintain impunity for their respective roles in the conflict. Indeed, the commission would not have been established without the tireless work of civil society actors, including non-government organisations and other humanitarian groups. In Resisting Indonesia’s Culture of Impunity, the editors set out to amplify the role of these civil society actors in the KKR Aceh and in transitional justice in Indonesia. Each chapter has been written by a team of authors, composed predominantly of commissioners and staff from the KKR Aceh itself, members of key civil society organisations, and academics. Further, the editors aim to scrutinise the KKR Aceh from the inside and analyse the establishment and operation of what is perhaps the only genuine state-sponsored attempt to implement transitional justice in Indonesia today.
    Keywords: Aceh ; Truth and Reconciliation Commission ; Aceh TRC ; KKR Aceh ; Transitional justice ; human rights ; Civil society ; peace ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTJ Peace studies & conflict resolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Subjects and Aliens confronts the problematic history of belonging in Australia and New Zealand. In both countries, race has often been more important than the law in determining who is considered 'one of us'. Each chapter in the collection highlights the lived experiences of people who negotiated laws and policies relating to nationality and citizenship rights in twentieth-century Australasia, including Chinese Australians enlisting during the First World War, Dalmatian gum-diggers turned farmers in New Zealand, Indians in 1920s Australia arguing for their citizenship rights, and Australian women who lost their nationality after marrying non-British subjects. The book also considers how the legal belonging—and accompanying rights and protections—of First Nations people has been denied, despite the High Court of Australia’s recent assertion (in the landmark Love & Thoms case of 2020) that Aboriginal people have never been considered ‘aliens’ or ‘foreigners’ since 1788. The experiences of world-famous artist Albert Namatjira, and of those made to apply for ‘certificates of citizenship’ under Western Australian law, suggest otherwise. Subjects and Aliens demonstrates how people who legally belonged were denied rights and protections as citizens through the actions of those who created, administered and interpreted the law across the twentieth century, and how the legal ramifications of those actions can still be felt today.
    Keywords: nationality ; citizenship rights ; legal belonging ; Australian citizens ; citizenship ; Australia ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAZ Legal history ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LND Constitutional and administrative law: general::LNDA Citizenship and nationality law
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-02-16
    Description: Speaking to the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in October 2022, President Xi Jinping reiterated his commitment to the 'opening up' policy of his predecessors — a policy that has burnished the party’s political legitimacy among its citizens by enabling four decades of economic development. Yet, for all the talk of openness, 2022 was a year of both literal and symbolic locks and chains — including, of course, the long, coercive, and often brutally enforced lockdowns of neighbourhoods and cities across China, most prominently Shanghai. Then there was a vlogger’s accidental discovery of the ‘woman in chains’, sparking an anguished, nationwide conversation about human trafficking. That was part of a broader (if frequently censored) conversation about gendered violence and women’s rights, in a year when women’s representation at the highest levels of power, which was already minimal, decreased even further. There was trouble with supply chains and, with the Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis, in August, island chains as well. Despite the tensions in the Asia-Pacific, the People’s Republic of China expanded its diplomatic initiatives among Pacific island nations and celebrated fifty years of diplomatic links with both Japan and Australia. As the year drew to a close, a tragic fire in a locked-down apartment building in Ürümqi triggered a series of popular protests that brought an end to three years of ‘zero COVID’. The China Story Yearbook: Chains provides informed perspectives on these and other important stories from 2022.
    Keywords: economic development ; China ; human trafficking ; gendered violence ; women's rights ; supply chains ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In August 1855, 16-year-old Chaloner Alabaster left England for Hong Kong, to take up a position as a student interpreter in the China Consular Service. He would stay for almost 40 years, climbing the rungs of the service and eventually becoming consul-general of Canton. When he retired he returned to England and received a knighthood. He died in 1898. Throughout his adult life, Alabaster kept diaries. In the first four volumes of these diaries, collected here by Benjamin Penny, the teenage Alabaster recorded his thoughts and observations, told himself anecdotes, and exploded in outbursts of anger and frustration. He was young and enthusiastic, and the everyday sights, sounds and smells of Hong Kong were novel to him. He describes how the Chinese people around him ironed clothes, dried flour and threshed rice; how they gambled, prepared their food and made bean curd; and what opera, new year festivities and the birthday of the Heavenly Empress were like. Like many a young Victorian, he was also a keen observer of natural history, fascinated by fireflies and ants, corals and sea slugs, and the volcanic origins of the landscape. Alabaster's diaries are a unique, vibrant and riveting record of life in the young British colony on the cusp of the Second Opium War. With A Young Englishman in Victorian Hong Kong, Penny sheds new light on the history of the region.
    Keywords: Hong Kong ; Alabaster ; Victorian period ; China Consular Service ; diary ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DND Diaries, letters and journals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    ANU Press | ANU Press Music
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: VOLUME 2: Busoni's other music: A complete survey. Larry Sitsky, professor emeritus at The Australian National University, is an internationally known composer, pianist, scholar, and teacher. His books are fundamental reference works on subjects such as Australian piano music, the 20th-century avant-garde, the piano music of Anton Rubinstein, the early 20th-century Russian avant-garde, and the classical reproducing piano roll. The Compleat Busoni is the result of Sitsky’s lifelong focus on the composer Ferruccio Busoni. Over three volumes, Sitsky surveys Busoni’s vast output, provides an ending to the unfinished opera Dr. Faust, and presents definitive realisations of the Fantasia Contrappuntistica in two-piano and orchestral versions. New insights into Busoni’s style and aesthetics are an integral aspect of this work.
    Keywords: Ferruccio Busoni ; Dr. Faust ; Die Brautwahl ; Turandot ; Arlecchino ; piano ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVA Theory of music and musicology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVP Musicians, singers, bands and groups ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVN Composers and songwriters ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVR Musical instruments::AVRJ Percussion instruments
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Nese is a dying Oceanic language spoken on the island of Malekula, in northern Vanuatu. This book, based on first-hand fieldwork data, and without adhering to any particular syntactic framework, presents a synchronic grammatical description of Nese's phonology and syntax. Despite being on the verge of extinction, with fewer than 20 living speakers, the language displays intriguing properties—including but not exclusive to the cross-linguistically rare apicolabial phonemes, interesting vowel-raising patterns in some word classes, and a discontinuous negation relationship that is obligatorily expressed with the irrealis mood marker. This book will probably be the last work published on Nese.
    Keywords: Nese ; Oceanic language ; Vanuatu language ; Malekula language ; Matanvat ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In China between Peace and War, Victor S. C. Cheng explores the gripping history of peace talks and international negotiations from 1945 to 1947 that helped determine the shape of the Chinese Civil War. The book focuses on the efforts of the two belligerent parties—​the Chinese Nationalists, or Guomindang, and the Communists—to achieve an enduring peace. It presents previously unexplored major elements of the peace talks: ambiguous treaties, package deals and short-term solutions. It identifies the burning challenges that confronted attempts at peacemaking, including the two warring parties' high-risk decision-making styles and the temptation to veto agreements and resume fighting. Cheng argues against popular notions that differences between the two belligerents in the Chinese Civil War were irreconcilable, that the failure of the peace talks was predetermined and that the US government mediators needed to remain neutral. Because the actions around the negotiating table occurred in a developing theatre of war, Cheng also explores the military decision-making of the opposing sides as well as the conflicts that ultimately plunged China into the world’s largest military engagement of the seven-plus decades since World War II. China between Peace and War highlights the contradictory role of political leaders who micromanaged the military, including their struggle to connect political objectives and military power, their rhetorical use of the 'decisive war’ concept, and their pursuit of radical military-political goals at the expense of a negotiated peace.
    Keywords: Mao ; China ; Chinese Communist Party ; Military ; military history ; peacemaking ; World War II ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: What does Australia's Constitution say about national identity? A conventional answer might be 'not much’. Yet recent constitutional controversies raise issues about the recognition of First Peoples, the place of migrants and dual citizens, the right to free speech, the nature of our democracy, and our continuing connection to the British monarchy. These are constitutional questions, but they are also questions about who we are as a nation. This edited collection brings together legal, historical, and political science scholarship. These diverse perspectives reveal a wealth of connections between the Australian Constitution and Australia’s national identity.
    Keywords: Australian Constitution ; National Identity ; constitutional change ; citizenship ; Constitutional History ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAQ Law and society, sociology of law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAZ Legal history ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LND Constitutional and administrative law: general
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book contains the annotated diary of Adolf and Mary (Polly) Hartmann, missionaries of the Moravian Church who worked at the Ebenezer mission station on Wotjobaluk country, in the north-west of the Colony of Victoria, Australia. The diary begins in 1863, as the Hartmanns are preparing to travel from Europe to take up their post, and ends in 1873, by which time they are working in Canada as missionaries to the Lenni Lenape people. Recording the Hartmann's eight years at the Ebenezer mission, the diary presents richly detailed insights into the daily interactions between Aboriginal people and their colonisers. The inhabitants of the mission are overwhelmingly described in the diary as agents in their lives, moving in and out of the missionaries’ sphere of influence, yet restricted at times by the boundaries of the mission. The diary reveals moments of laughter, shared grief, community, advocacy and reciprocal learning, alongside the mundane everyday chores of mission life. Through the personal writings of a missionary couple, this diary brings to light the regular, routine and extraordinary events on a mission station in Australia in the third quarter of the nineteenth century—a period just prior to British high imperialism, and a period before increasingly restrictive legislation was enforced on Indigenous people in the Colony of Victoria.
    Keywords: Ebenezer Mission Station ; colonial Australia ; Indigenous Australians ; Moravian Missions ; diary ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Sanskrit narrative is the lifeblood of Indian culture, encapsulating and perpetuating insights and values central to Indian thought and practice. This volume brings together eighteen of the foremost scholars across the globe, who, in an unprecedented collaboration, accord these texts the integrity and dignity they deserve. The last time this was attempted, on a much smaller scale, was a generation ago, with Purāṇa Perennis (1993). The pre-eminent contributors to this landmark collection use novel methods and theory to meaningfully engage Sanskrit narrative texts, showcasing the state of contemporary scholarship on the Sanskrit epics and purāṇas.
    Keywords: Sanskrit ; Epics ; Puranas ; Ramayana ; Mahabharata ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Is preparing for war the best means of preserving peace? In Sisters in Peace, Kate Laing contends that this question has never been solely the concern of politicians and strategists. She maps successive generations of twentieth-century women who were eager to engage in political debate even though legislative and cultural barriers worked to exclude their voices. In 1915, during the First World War, the Women's International Congress at The Hague was convened after alarmed and bereaved women from both sides of the conflict insisted that their opinions on war and the pathway to peace be heard. From this gathering emerged the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), which to this day campaigns against militarism and nuclear weapons. In Australia, the formation of a section of WILPF connected political women to a worldwide network that sustained their anti-war activism throughout the last century. In examining the rise of WILPF in Australia, Sisters in Peace provides a gendered history of this country’s engagement with the politics of internationalism. This is a history of WILPF women who committed to peace activism even as Australia’s national identity and military allegiances shifted over time—a history that has until now been an overlooked part of the Australian peace movement.
    Keywords: women ; peace ; internationalism ; Australia ; anti-war ; WILPF ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFA Social discrimination and social justice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement
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  • 14
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Australia's 2022 federal election played out in ways that few could have expected. Not only did it bring a change of government; it also saw the lowest number of primary votes for the major parties and the election of the greatest number of Independents to the lower house since the formation of the Australian party system. The success of the Teal Independents and the Greens, along with the appetite voters showed for 'doing politics differently’, suggested that the dominant model of electoral competition might no longer be the two-party system of Labor versus Liberal. At the very least, the continued usefulness of the two-party-preferred vote as a way of conceptualising and predicting Australians’ voting behaviour has been cast into serious doubt. In Watershed, leading scholars analyse the election from the ground up—focusing on the campaign issues, the actors involved, and the successes and failures of campaign strategy—and show how digital media, visual politics and fake news are changing the way politics is done. Other topics include the impact of COVID-19 and the salience of climate, gender and integrity issues, as well as voting patterns and polling accuracy. This authoritative book is indispensable for understanding the disenchantment with the major parties, the rise of Community Independents, and the role of the Australian Greens and third parties. Watershed is the eighteenth in the ANU Press federal election series and the tenth sponsored by the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.
    Keywords: 2022 Australian federal election ; Australian political parties ; end of two-party system ; digital election campaigning ; TEAL Independents ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHF Elections and referenda / suffrage ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPL Political parties and party platforms
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Memory in Place brings together Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars and practitioners grappling with the continued potency of memories and experiences of colonialism. While many of these conversations have taken place on a national stage, this collection returns to the rich intimacy of the local. From Queensland's sweeping Gulf Country, along the shelly beaches of south Sydney, Melbourne’s city gardens and the rugged hills of South Australia, through Central Australia’s dusty heart and up to the majestic Kimberley, the collection charts how interactions between Indigenous people, settlers and their descendants are both remembered and forgotten in social, political, and cultural spaces. It offers uniquely diverse perspectives from a range of disciplines including history, anthropology, memory studies, archaeology, and linguistics from both established and emerging scholars; from Indigenous and non-Indigenous contributors; and from academics as well as museum and cultural heritage practitioners. The collection locates some of the nation’s most pressing political issues with attention to the local, and the ethics of commemoration and relationships needed at this scale. It will be of interest to those who see the past as intimately connected to the future.
    Keywords: colonial history ; colonialism ; Indigenous Australia ; commemoration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies::JBSL11 Indigenous peoples ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBA Relating to Indigenous peoples
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  • 16
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mandates and Missteps is the first comprehensive history of Australian government scholarships to the Pacific, from the first scheme in 1948 to the Australia Awards of 2018. The study of scholarships provides a window into foreign and education policy making, across decades, and the impact such policies have had on individuals and communities. This work demonstrates the broad role these scholarships have played in bilateral relationships between Australia and Pacific Island territories and countries. The famed Colombo Plan is here put in its proper context within international aid and international education history. Australian scholarship programs, it is argued, ultimately reflect Australia, and its perception of itself as a nation in the Pacific, more than the needs of Pacific Island nations. Mandates and Missteps traces Australia's role as both a coloniser in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea and a participant in the process of decolonisation across the Pacific. This study will be of interest to students and scholars of international development, international education and foreign policy.
    Keywords: scholarships ; international education ; education history ; Australia Awards ; decolonisation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNB History of education
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  • 17
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Road to Batemans Bay is the story of competing ventures to create 'the Great Southern Township' on the South Coast of New South Wales in the early 1840s. The idea of developing the furthest reaches of settlement was linked to the hopes of southern woolgrowers for a road from their properties to the coast, over the Great Dividing Range. The township proponents dreamed that having a quicker and cheaper connection to Sydney would allow them to open a port second only to Port Jackson. The scene begins with the proposed coastal township of St Vincent, in an age of optimism: settlement is expanding, exports are growing and land prices are soaring, generating Australia’s first land boom. Before long, however, the colony experiences a catastrophic economic depression whose ‘pestilential breath’ infects those with a stake in the coastal townships. Alastair Greig follows the fate of these individuals, while also speculating on the broader fate of South Coast development during the mid-nineteenth century. Greig gives a unique insight into many aspects of colonial life—including the worlds of Sydney’s merchants, auctioneers, land speculators, surveyors, map-makers and lawyers—as well as its maritime challenges. The Road to Batemans Bay is a chronicle of how Australia first developed its land-gambling habit and how land speculation led to the road to ruin.
    Keywords: south coast history ; land speculation ; colonial biography ; Batemans Bay ; 1840s depression ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
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  • 18
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Wally Johnson and Neville Threlfall re-examine the explosive volcanic eruptions that in 1937–43 killed more than 500 people in the Rabaul area of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. They reassess this disaster in light of the prodigious amount of new scientific and disaster-management work that has been undertaken there since about 1971, when strong tectonic earthquakes shook the area. Comparisons are made in particular with volcanic eruptions in 1994–2014, when half of Rabaul town was destroyed and then abandoned. A striking feature of historical eruptive periods at Rabaul is the near‑simultaneous activity at Vulcan and Tavurvur volcanoes, on either side of Rabaul Harbour. Such rare 'twin' eruptions are interpreted to be the result of a common magma reservoir beneath the harbour. This interpretation has implications for ongoing hazard and risk assessments and for volcano monitoring in the area.
    Keywords: Rabaul ; Volcanic eruptions ; Disaster risk reduction ; New Britain ; Volcanological Observatory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBC Volcanology and seismology
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  • 19
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book draws on more than a decade of workshops organised by the Greater China Australia Dialogue on Public Administration, involving scholars and practitioners from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Australia. Although these workshops recognised the major differences in the institutional frameworks of these jurisdictions, until recently they focused largely on the shared challenges and the diffusion of ideas and approaches. As rising international tensions inevitably draw attention to areas where interests and philosophies diverge, it is the differences that must now be highlighted. Yet, despite the tensions, this book reveals that these jurisdictions continue to address shared challenges in public administration. The book's contributors focus in detail on these four areas: intergovernmental relations, including the shifting balance between centralisation and decentralisation budgeting and financial management, including during and after the COVID-19 pandemic the civil service, its capability, and its relationship with government and the public service delivery, particularly in health and aged care. This book is aimed at a wide readership, not only at those within the jurisdictions it explores. It emphasises the importance of continued engagement in understanding different approaches to public administration—confirming fundamental philosophical differences where necessary but also looking for common ground and opportunities for shared learning.
    Keywords: public administration ; People's Republic of China ; Taiwan ; Australia ; International tensions ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
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  • 20
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Order, Order!': A Biographical Dictionary of Speakers, Deputy Speakers and Clerks of the Australian House of Representativesshines a first-ever historical light on the remarkable men and women who have served in these national offices since Federation. The Speakers include Frederick Holder, whose campaign to embed a Westminster-style Speakership died with him when he collapsed dramatically in the parliament; the much-loved Joan Child, Australia’s first female Speaker, whose struggles as a widow with five children fostered her commitment to social justice and made her, in the words of another Speaker, Anna Burke, ‘pretty fierce’; and Ian Sinclair, a warhorse of a parliamentarian who seemed to prove the poacher-turned-gamekeeper principle. The Deputy Speakers, a particularly eclectic assortment, include the strange and bleakly serious James Fowler, who once hopefully mailed a film synopsis to the American director Cecil B. DeMille and who ended his days warning of the perils of democracy. Amongst the Clerks are Frank Green, who, at the height of the Cold War, indiscreetly befriended members of the Communist Party, and the popular Jack Pettifer—a true child of parliament—who grew up in an apartment in the building. This book includes analysis of what sorts of individuals typically filled these vital parliamentary positions, and the appearance of an Australian model of the Speakership based on pragmatic compromise. All three offices are typically more than just creatures of political parties—something that Australians should be prepared to defend against the remorseless encroachment of political partisanship.
    Keywords: Speakers ; parliament ; Clerks ; Australia ; history ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general::DNBH Biography: historical, political and military::DNBH1 Autobiography: historical, political and military ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The coup in Myanmar on 1 February 2021 abruptly reversed a decade-long flirtation with economic and political freedoms. The country has since descended into civil war, the people have been plunged back into conflict and poverty, and the state is again characterised by fragility and human insecurity. As the Myanmar people oppose the regime and fight for their rights, the international community must find ways to act in solidarity. There is an urgent need for new policy settings and for practical engagement with local partners and recipient groups. The contributors to After the Coup offer timely insights into ways international actors can try to reduce the suffering of millions of citizens who are again being held hostage by a brutal and self-serving regime. Chapters analyse topics including coercive statecraft, international justice, Rakhine State (Rohingya) dynamics, pandemic weaponisation, higher education, non-state welfare and aid delivery, activism from exile, self-determination and power sharing in the National Unity Government's alternative constitution, and the roles of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
    Keywords: Myanmar ; coup ; political freedoms ; Rohingya ; Rakhine State ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    ANU Press | ANU Press Music
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: VOLUME 1: Busoni and the piano: The works, the writings, and the recordings. Larry Sitsky, professor emeritus at The Australian National University, is an internationally known composer, pianist, scholar, and teacher. His books are fundamental reference works on subjects such as Australian piano music, the 20th-century avant-garde, the piano music of Anton Rubinstein, the early 20th-century Russian avant-garde, and the classical reproducing piano roll. The Compleat Busoni is the result of Sitsky's lifelong focus on the composer Ferruccio Busoni. Over three volumes, Sitsky surveys Busoni’s vast output, provides an ending to the unfinished opera Doktor Faust, and presents definitive realisations of the Fantasia Contrappuntistica in two-piano and orchestral versions. New insights into Busoni’s style and aesthetics are an integral aspect of this work.
    Keywords: Busoni ; piano music ; Doktor Faust ; Fantasia Contrappuntistica ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVA Theory of music and musicology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVP Musicians, singers, bands and groups ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVN Composers and songwriters ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVR Musical instruments::AVRG Keyboard instruments
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Science, the growth of reliable knowledge, became a major triumph of the European Enlightenment in the seventeenth century, under the guise of 'natural philosophy': investigating what the earth and universe are made of and how things work. It took another century for the parallel subject ‘natural history’ to glimpse how the earth, its geography and its richly diverse life came to be. Later, geology and biology became intertwined as biogeohistory—an ever-changing environmental theatre hosting an ever-changing evolutionary play. This environmental theatre has shifted with the making and breaking of supercontinents, the birth and death of global oceans, and the rise and fall of global hothouses and ice ages. The evolutionary play begins with biostratigraphy, wherein fossils revealed deep time and ancient environments and built the first meaningful geological timescale, and ends with the still young science of palaeoceanography—central to which are microfossils, rich in information about the oceans and climates of the past. In Southern Limestones under Western Eyes, Brian McGowran recounts the history of biogeohistory itself: the ever-changing perceptions of rocks, fossils and landscapes, from the late 1600s to the present. McGowran’s focus is southern Australia, the north shore of the dying Australo-Antarctic Gulf, in an era bracketed by two catastrophes: the extinction of dinosaurs and the emergence of humans.
    Keywords: biogeohistory ; biostratigraphy ; palaeoceanography ; microfossils ; southern Australia ; Australo-Antarctic Gulf ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGM Biogeography
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Despite much learning and research over many decades, large ICT software projects have continued to experience poor outcomes or fallen short of original expectations—some spectacularly so. This is the case in the Australian and New Zealand public sectors, even though these projects operate within historically developed institutional frameworks that provide the rules, guidelines and controls, and aim to consistently improve outcomes. Something is amiss. In Adapting for Inertia, Grant Douglas questions the effectiveness of these institutional frameworks in governing large ICT software projects in the Australian and New Zealand public sectors. He also gauges the perspectives of a large number of actors in projects in both sectors and examines two case studies in detail. The main narrative to emerge is that the institutional frameworks are in a state of inertia: they are failing to adapt, owing to various institutional factors—all of which have public policy implications. Sadly, Douglas finds, this inertia is likely to continue. If there is difficulty in changing the capacity to govern, he proposes, policymakers should look to change the nature of what is to be governed.
    Keywords: Governance of government ICT projects ; Institutional framework for government ICT projects ; Public policy for government ICT projects ; Large government ICT projects ; Large ICT projects in the Australian and New Zealand public sectors ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJU Organizational theory & behaviour
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodent populations, resulting in the serious secondary exposure of predators to these contaminants. In the United Kingdom (UK), professional use and purchase of SGARs were revised in the 2010s. Certain highly toxic SGARs have been authorized since then to be used outdoors around buildings as resistance-breaking chemicals under risk mitigation procedures. However, it is still uncertain whether and how these regulatory changes have influenced the secondary exposure of birds of prey to SGARs. Based on biomonitoring of the UK Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected from 2001 to 2019, we assessed the temporal trend of exposure to SGARs and statistically determined potential turning points. The magnitude of difenacoum decreased over time with a seasonal fluctuation, while the magnitude and prevalence of more toxic brodifacoum, authorized to be used outdoors around buildings after the regulatory changes, increased. The summer of 2016 was statistically identified as a turning point for exposure to brodifacoum and summed SGARs that increased after this point. This time point coincided with the aforementioned regulatory changes. Our findings suggest a possible shift in SGAR use to brodifacoum from difenacoum over the decades, which may pose higher risks of impacts on wildlife.
    Keywords: apex predator ; conditional inference trees ; effectiveness evaluation ; regulatory changes ; seasonal fluctuation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: The late Quaternary history of Sumatra has experienced relatively little attention compared to that of the other large islands in the Indonesian archipelago. The first reports of fossils from the island date to the 1880s; they were discovered largely through the efforts of Dubois in the caves of the Padang Highlands. Following these efforts, focus shifted in the 1920s and 1930s to the archaeological records of the midden deposits of northern Sumatra and the Hoabinhian cultures preserved therein. There was little new fieldwork between 1940 and 1970, but by the mid-1970s several new campaigns seemed to herald a renewed interest in the history and prehistory of the island. This enthusiasm does not appear to have been sustained, however, and work was intermittent again in the 1980s and 1990s. Beginning in the mid-1990s and extending into the first two decades of the twenty-first century, more work at existing sites and new investigations have both taken place, extending our knowledge of both the deep-time and more recent history of the island. The application of new techniques on existing sites and the exploration and excavation of new sites are making an increasingly significant contribution to understanding the role of Sumatra in human biological and cultural evolution.
    Keywords: Hoabinhian ; Dubois ; van Stein Callenfels ; caves ; fossils ; history of archaeology ; sumatralith
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 28
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    ANU Press
    In:  Quaternary Palaeontology and Archaeology of Sumatra vol. 56, pp. 15-59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This chapter presents the historical story of Dubois’ cave research on Sumatra. Over two years in the Padang Highlands, Dubois explored a number of cave sites in his search for the ‘missing link’. These include not only caves such as Lida Ajer, Jambu and Sibrambang that yielded large amounts of fossils, but also many other caves, often much smaller or with fewer or no fossils in them. As a supplement to the story, Dubois’ field notes and official reports are disclosed and translated into English. Dubois’ observations in the field indicate that he had a strong grasp of geological and palaeontological principles, given the knowledge current at the time. Dubois’ later success in Java greatly overshadowed his accomplishments in Sumatra, which, although not as well known, have been significant for understanding its biological history.
    Keywords: Lida Ajer ; Jambu ; Sibrambang ; Padang Highlands ; palaeontology ; cave exploration
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 29
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(10), pp. 4637-4647, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 30
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), ISSN: 0013-936X
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine permeable sediments are important sites for organic matter turnover in the coastal ocean. However, little is known about their role in trapping dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we examined DOM abundance and molecular compositions (9804 formulas identified) in subtidal permeable sediments along a near- to offshore gradient in the German North Sea. With the salinity increasing from 30.1 to 34.6 PSU, the DOM composition in bottom water shifts from relatively higher abundances of aromatic compounds to more highly unsaturated compounds. In the bulk sediment, DOM leached by ultrapure water (UPW) from the solid phase is 54 ± 20 times more abundant than DOM in porewater, with higher H/C ratios and a more terrigenous signature. With 0.5 M HCl, the amount of leached DOM (enriched in aromatic and oxygen-rich compounds) is doubled compared to UPW, mainly due to the dissolution of poorly crystalline Fe phases (e.g., ferrihydrite and Fe monosulfides). This suggests that poorly crystalline Fe phases promote DOM retention in permeable sediments, preferentially terrigenous, and aromatic fractions. Given the intense filtration of seawater through the permeable sediments, we posit that Fe can serve as an important intermediate storage for terrigenous organic matter and potentially accelerate organic matter burial in the coastal ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: In near-Earth space, a large population of high-energy electrons are trapped by Earth’s magnetic field. These energetic electrons are trapped in the regions called Earth’s ring current and radiation belts. They are very dynamic and show a very strong dependence on solar wind and geomagnetic conditions. These energetic electrons can be dangerous to satellites in the near-Earth space. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms which drive the dynamics of these energetic electrons. Wave-particle interaction is one of the most important mechanisms. Among the waves that can be encountered by the energetic electrons when they move around our Earth, whistler mode chorus waves can cause both acceleration and the loss of energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts and ring current. Using more than 5 years of wave measurements from NASA’s Van Allen Probe mission, Wang et al (2019) developed chorus wave models which depend on magnetic local time (MLT), Magnetic Latitude (MLat), L-shell, and geomagnetic condition index Kp. To quantify the effect of chorus waves on energetic electrons, we calculated the bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients using the chorus wave model developed by Wang et al (2019) and extended to higher latitudes according to Wang and Shprits (2019). Using these diffusion coefficients, we calculated the lifetime of the electrons with an energy range from 1 keV to 2 MeV. In each MLT, we calculate the lifetime for each energy and L-shell using two different methods according to Shprits et al (2007) and Albert and Shprits (2009). We make the calculated electron lifetime database available here. Please notice that the chorus wave model by Wang et al (2019) is valid when Kp 〈= 6. If the user wants to use this lifetime database for Kp 〉6, please be careful and contact the authors.
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: This publication provides the codes produced for the article "Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands. Nature Communications Earth and Environment" by Aram Kalhori, Christian Wille, Pia Gottschalk, Zhan Li, Josh Hashemi, Karl Kemper, and Torsten Sachs (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9). In the article, the authors estimate the cumulative GHG emissions of a rewetted peatland in Germany using the long-term ecosystem flux measurements. They observe a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and decreasing trend of methane (CH4) emissions. This software is written in R and MATLAB. Running the codes ([R files and .m files](Code)) and loading the data files ([CSV files and .mat files](Data)) requires the pre-installation of [R and RStudio] (https://posit.co/downloads/) and ([MATLAB]. The RStudio 2022.07.2 Build 576 version has been used for the R scripts. The land cover classification work was performed in QGIS, v.3.16.11-Hannover. Data were analyzed in both MATLAB and R and plots created with R (R Core Development Team 2020) in RStudio®.
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The data provided here is an exemplary dataset for the flux site Zarnekow from one year (2018). The complete dataset that is needed to run the codes for all the years can be obtained from the European Fluxes Database Cluster under site ID DE-Zrk (Sachs et al., 2016) or provided upon request. This repository is intended to provide the necessary MATLAB and R code to reproduce the results by Kalhori et al. (2024). The data are provided as zip folder containing (1) a csv file with associated definition of variables and units (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_README_2018_units.txt), (2) a shapefile (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.shp) and (3) a Geotiff (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.tiff).
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: This data set contains the results from a 2023 GFZ Innovative Research Expedition project to explore for natural hydrogen gas (H2) occurrences in the NW Pyrenean foreland, near the town of Biarritz in France. The data represent in-situ measurements of soil and spring water gas, as well as in-situ spring water property measurements, complemented with laboratory analysis results of gas contents and noble gas isotopic compositions of gas and spring water samples collected during the expedition. This GFZ Innovative Research Expedition was inspired by previous exploration efforts in the region by Lefeuvre et al. (2021, 2022). These authors detected elevated concentrations of natural H2 gas in the soil and interpreted this natural H2 to be derived from serpentinizing mantle rocks below the Pyrenees. The main aims of this expedition were the following: (1) in-situ measuring soil gas contents and taking soil gas samples for laboratory analysis at a site near the town of Peyrehorade in the NW of the general study area of Lefeuvre et al. (2021), thus improving the soil gas data coverage along the NW end of the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT); (2) taking gas samples from degassing springs (or water samples from non-degassing springs to be degassed in the lab) in the general Lefeuvre et al. (2021) study area for additional laboratory analysis of gas contents and noble gas isotopic compositions, which may be indicative of (deep) gas origins; and (3) performing a detailed soil gas analysis by means of a portable mass spectrometer at Sauveterre-de-Béarn, a site along the NPFT where Lefeuvre et al. (2022) measured elevated concentrations of natural H2 in the soil. Furthermore, we also measured the properties of the visited springs (temperature, pH, conductivity) while on site, and performed additional in-situ soil gas measurements from manual drillholes. Details on the measurement and sampling methods, on the laboratory analyses, as well as the results of these measurements and analyses are provided in the data description file The expedition involved six field days in July 2023, during which a total of 26 sites were visited. These sites were selected for their vicinity near a major geological contact or fault zone that could have facilitated upward circulation of gas or (thermal) water from the (deep) subsurface (i.e., potentially from the mantle).
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: This dataset comprises event peak flows, representing extreme floods at 516 stations in Germany. The data generation process involves several key steps. Initially, observed rainfall events associated with 10 historical flood disasters from 1950 to 2021 are undergone spatial shifts. These shifts involve three distances (20, 50, and 100 km) and eight directions (North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, Northwest), resulting in 24 counterfactual precipitation events. Including the factual (no shift) event, a total of 25 distinct shifting events are considered. Subsequently, these shifted fields are used as atmospheric forcing for a mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) set up and calibrated for the entire Germany. The model produces daily stream flows across its domain, from which the event peak flows are derived. This dataset is expected to provide a valuable resource for analyzing and modeling the dynamics extreme flood events in Germany.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: The dataset is the basis for describing a 60-year-long evolution of groundwater dynamics and thermal field in the North German Basin beneath the Federal State of Brandenburg (NE Germany), covering the period between 1953 and 2014 with monthly increments. It was produced by one-way coupling of a near-surface distributed hydrologic model to a 3D basin-scale thermohydraulic groundwater model with the goal of investigating feedbacks between climate-driven forcing (in terms of time- and space-varying recharge and temperature), basin-scale geology, and topographic gradients. Modeled pressure and temperature distributions are validated against published groundwater level and temperature time series from observation wells. Our results indicate the spatio-temporal extent of the groundwater system subjected to nonlinear interactions between local geological variability and climate conditions. The dataset comprises of input files and scripts required to run the groundwater model in GOLEM and output files from the transient thermo-hydraulic simulations in EXODUS format. The input and output data is organized as separate archived folders (*.gz format).
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The data set was collected to identify hydrological processes and their evolution over it time. It consists of several individual files in tabstop delimeted text format. The data set contains the data obtained from deuterium and brilliant blue tracer experiments at two chronosequence studies in the glacier forefield of the Stone Glacier and the Griessfirn in the central Alps, Switzerland. Each chronosequence consisted of four moraines of different ages (from 30 to 13500 years). At each forefield sprinkling experiments with deuterium and dye tracer experiments with blue dye (Brilliant Blue) were conducted on three plots per moraine. The moraines at the forefield of the Stone Glacier developed from siliceous parent material and at the forefield of the Griessfirn from calcareous parent material. Data from the siliceous forefield are marked with (S) and data from the calcareous forefield are marked with (C). The data set consist of soil moisture time series and soil water isotope profiles of the sprinkling experiments with deuterium, as well as trinary images of stained vertical subsurface flow paths from the dye tracer experiment. The individual plots per moraine are distinguished via their position relative to one another on the moraine (left, middle, and right, looking upslope). The plots used for the sprinkling experiments were located in close vicinity to the plots used for the dye tracer experiments. For the sprinkling experiments with deuterium each plot (4m x 6m) per age class was equipped with 6 soil moisture sensors. Three of these sensors were installed as a sensor profile at one side of the plot about one meter downslope from the upper plot boundary. The sensors were installed at 10, 30, and 50 cm soil depth. On the other side of the plot, two sensors were placed in 10 cm depth, one opposite to the sensor profile and the second sensor one meter upslope from the lower plot boundary. The sixth sensor was placed at 10 cm depth in the center of the plot. The plots were irrigated on three consecutive days with three different irrigation intensities and deuterium concentrations. Per forefield, the soil moisture data are listed in one file per age class. The file contains for each plot, the time stamp and the soil moisture values of the 6 sensors.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This data repository for the Southern Caribbean and NW South America contains a 3D thermal model computed down to 75 km depth, the modelled hypocentral temperatures and geothermal gradients at the locations of crustal earthquakes, and the crustal seismogenic depths calculated from earthquake statistics, as well as the associated modelled temperatures. We used the uppermost 75 km of the gravity-constrained structural and density model of Gómez-García et al. (2020, 2021) to derive the 3D thermal configuration of the study area (5°-15° N, 63°-82° W). A steady-state approach was followed, in which upper and lower boundary conditions were set to run the thermal calculations using the software GOLEM (Cacace & Jacquey, 2017; Jacquey & Cacace, 2017). A catalogue of earthquakes occurred within the study area and surroundings was compiled from public sources. In the database archived here, we provide data of the best located crustal earthquakes within the boundaries of this area, from January 1980 to June 2021. Earthquakes below the magnitude of completeness, or with poorly determined depths, were disregarded. Earthquakes were deemed crustal if their hypocentres were located between the topo-bathymetry from the GEBCO relief (Weatherall et al., 2015) and the Moho depth from the GEMMA model (Reguzzoni & Sampietro, 2015). We computed the crustal seismogenic depth as the 90th and 95th percentiles (D90 and D95), respectively, of the crustal hypocentral depths. These percentiles were mapped on a latitude-longitude grid, using for each grid node at least the 20 closest earthquakes as sample. The hypocentral temperatures, the geothermal gradient at the earthquake locations, and the temperatures at the D90 and D95 surfaces were calculated from the lithospheric-scale thermal model. For more details about the modelling approach and interpretation of the results, we kindly ask the reader to refer to the main publication: Gomez-Garcia et al. (2024).
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: The EU funded project CRM-geothermal aims to establish an overview of the potential for critical raw materials (CRM) in geothermal fluids across the EU and third countries (Ref). Within this framework, the geothermal sites of Tuzla, Seferihisar and Dikili in eastern Turkey have been visited in March 2023. To estimate the potential of CRM at these sites, a comprehensive sampling program was performed. Rock samples (drill gravel) of the production borehole and scaling from gas-water separators were obtained. Furthermore, sampling of geothermal fluids (gas and brine) and precipitates (salt) along the production line was performed. Here, the results of the geochemical analyses of solid sample materials (drill gravel, scales and salt) are presented. All analyses were performed in the ElMiE-Lab (Elements and Minerals of the Earth Laboratory) at German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany (https://labinfrastructure.geo-x.net/laboratories/8). For their major and minor element compositions, bulk samples of drill gravel and scales were analyzed with XRF and ICP-MS, respectively. Salt precipitates were analyzed for dry loss and mineral composition using XRD
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: In autumn 2022, an expedition to Tanzania was undertaken within the framework of the research project “CRM-geothermal” and Scintific Priority Program (SPP) 2238 “Dynamics of Ore Metal Enrichment”. Within „CRM-geothermal“ we are looking for an environmentally friendly co-production of critical raw materials together with the provision of geothermal energy. In the EARS, high levels of rare earth elements (REE), Sr, Ba and Mg are expected in waters and solids in areas with alkaline volcanic rocks, while other critical elements, including helium, have been sought in other localities. In particular, the eastern branch is the most juvenile sector and has increased geothermal potential related to hot fluids migrating along permeable faults. Tanzania was crossed from north to south, along the eastern arm of the EARS, to collect gas, water, rock and sediment samples associated with natural hot springs, lakes and vents. On site, physical and chemical parameters were measured in-situ and documented together with the geology, infrastructure and the domestic use of the hot site. In the south, existing drill sites and geothermal development areas were visited and gas and water samples were taken from boreholes and rocks sampled from drill cores. The survey covered 13 sites, from Lake Natron in the north to Lake Malawi in the south (see map).
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: This dataset is the result of an experimental series that was carried out in September/October 2022 at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany to observe biosorption of lead under extreme conditions. Synthetic solutions, simulating the geothermal fluids from the Heemskerk geothermal power plant were were prepared in 30 ml glass vials (Rotalibo screw neck ND24 EPA). To prepare the stock solutions, sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.8 %, Cellpure, Merck, DE) was added at 265 g/L and Pb(II), in form of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2 , Merck, DE), at 1 g/L to ultrapure water. To assess the impact of acetic acid on lead biosorption, two treatments were done: one without acetic acid and one where acetic acid (100 %, Merck, DE) was added at 60 mg/L. Finally, dead biomass of the fungus Penicillium citrinum was added in the samples at a concentration of 4 g/L (Wahab et al., 2017). The samples were incubated in an autoclave at a pressure of 8 bars on a rotative shaker. The temperature was set at 25 °C, 60 °C or 98 °C with three contact times (1, 2 and 3 h). All treatments were performed in triplicates. For each treatment, two controls without biomass were done. Control samples without the addition of NaCl were done in duplicate, at 25 °C and for 2 h. After incubation, samples were filtered through a 0.22 µm nitrocellulose filter (Sartorius Stedim Biotech, FR) to separate the biomass from the liquid. The biomass on the filters was dried for 24 h at 45 °C before being scraped from the filter and kept in a Falcon tube at room temperature.
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: This data set includes the results of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and digital image correlation (DIC) analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments. Twenty generic analogue models are extended on top of a rubber sheet. Two benchmark experiments are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Liu et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The data presented here are visualized as topography and the horizontal cumulative surface strain (principal strain and slip rake).
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: The Turkey heat flow database includes several research articles obtained from the catalogue of The Global Heat Flow Data Assessment Project conducted by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC; www.ihfc-iugg.org). The presented database contains 725 heat-flow determinations compiled from 9 different publications generated between 1991-2023 reported within Turkey. For the reporting and sorting of the database, the structure documented by Fuchs et al. (2023) is followed. Within this dataset, 98% of the entries represent continental heat-flow data (onshore), while the remaining 2% correspond to marine data (offshore). 88% of the reported heat flow values were obtained via direct temperature measurements, while the remaining data (12%) were estimated from indirect Curie depth temperature calculations.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: In diesem Bericht werden die durch das GFZ Potsdam am 29. und 30. November 2023 durchgeführte bohrlochgeophysikalische Messungen in den Bohrungen Gt Khn 1/88 und Gt Khn 2/87 in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) dokumen-tiert. Die Messungen wurden mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung hochaufgelöster und un-gestörter Temperatur-Tiefen-Profile durchgeführt. Die Stillstandszeiten seit Erstel-lung liegen bei mehreren Jahrzehnten; jene seit letzter Befahrung bei fünfzehn Jahren, weshalb von ungestörten Gebirgstemperaturen ausgegangen werden kann. In der Bohrung Gt Khn 2/87 wurde bei 1786,5 m Teufe eine Temperatur von 57,8 °C, welches einem mittleren Temperaturgradienten von 27,8 °C/km entspricht, ge-messen. Die Bohrung Gt Khn 1/88 konnte bis zu einer Teufe von 325,1 m befahren werden, die gemessene Temperatur betrug 16,2 °C, der entsprechende mittlere ge-othermische Gradient beträgt ca. 23,6 °C/km. This report documents the borehole geophysical logging performed by GFZ Potsdam in the Gt Khn 1/88 and Gt Khn 2/87 boreholes in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) on the 29th and 30th of November 2023. The measurements were conducted to achieve high-resolution and undisturbed temperature-depth pro-files. The shut-in times since the boreholes were drilled are several decades; the shut-in time since last activities in the boreholes are in the order of 15 years. There-fore, undisturbed formation temperatures can be expected in the boreholes. In the Gt Khn 2/87 borehole, a temperature of 57.8 °C was measured at a depth of 1786.5 m, which corresponds to an average temperature gradient of 27.8 °C/km. The Gt Khn 1/88 borehole could be logged to a depth of 325.1 m and the measured temperature at this depth was 16.2 °C, corresponding to an average geothermal gradient of approx. 23.6 °C/km.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: The data publication contains the compilation of global heat-flow data by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC; www.ihfc-iugg.org) of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI). The presented data update release 2024 contains data generated between 1939 and 2024 and constitutes the second intermediate update benefiting from the global collaborative assessment and quality control of the Global Heat Flow Database running since May 2021 (http://assessment.ihfc-iugg.org). The data release comprises new original heat-flow data published since April 2023 (the update 2023). It contains 91,182 heat-flow data from 1,586 publications. 57% of the reported heat-flow values are from the continental domain (n ~ 54,553), while the remaining 43% are located in the oceanic domain (n ~ 36,692).
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The dataset contains source parameters of acoustic emission (AE) events recorded during triaxial friction (stick-slip) experiments performed on the Westerly Granite sample WgN05. In addition we provide raw waveform data of AE events recorded in triggered mode with a network of 16 AE sensors. Basic seismic catalog associated with the stick-slip experiment contains origin time, hypocentral location in local Cartesian coordinate system of the sample (with associated uncertainties), and AE-derived magnitude. In addition, for a subset of AEs we provide full moment tensors. This catalog include information on fault parameters (strike, dip and rake of the two nodal planes), percentage of isotropic, compensated linear vector dipole and double-couple components of the full moment tensor, P, T, B axes orientations in the coordinate system of the sample, uncertainty assessment, as well as the six independent moment tensor components. Finally, we provide a time series of axial stress values as presented in the Kwiatek et al. (2023) as well as the coordinates of the AE sensors. The catalog and parametric data is supplemented with the raw waveform recordings stored in HDF5 format from 16 acoustic emission sensors placed on the surface of the sample.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-05-24
    Description: Teleseismic back-projection imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the rupture propagation of large earthquakes. However, its application often suffers from artifacts related to the receiver array geometry. We developed a teleseismic back-projection technique that can accommodate data from multiple arrays. Combined processing of P and pP waveforms may further improve the resolution. The method is suitable for defining arrays ad-hoc to achieve a good azimuthal distribution for most earthquakes. We present a catalog of short-period rupture histories (0.5-2.0 Hz) for all earthquakes from 2010 to 2022 with Mw {greater than or equal to} 7.5 and depth less than 200 km (56 events). The method provides automatic estimates of rupture length, directivity, speed, and aspect ratio, a proxy for rupture complexity. We obtained short-period rupture length scaling relations that are in good agreement with previously published relations based on estimates of total slip. Rupture speeds were consistently in the sub-Rayleigh regime for thrust and normal earthquakes, whereas a tenth of strike-slip events propagated at supershear speeds. Many rupture histories exhibited complex behaviors, e.g., rupture on conjugate faults, bilateral propagation, and dynamic triggering by a P wave. For megathrust earthquakes, ruptures encircling asperities were frequently observed, with down-dip, up-dip, and balanced patterns. Although there is a preference for short-period emissions to emanate from central and down-dip parts of the megathrust, emissions up-dip of the main asperity are more frequent than suggested by earlier results. The data are presented as follows (and described in detail in the associated README): SUPPORTING DATA SET S1 (2024-001_Vera-et-al_Supporting-Data-S1.zip) This Data Set (S1) consists of *.bp files containing (1) short-period earthquake rupture patterns, (2) energy radiated maps, and (3) source time functions derived from back-projections (0.5-2.0 Hz). The Data Set S1 includes 56 folders, representing 56 processed earthquakes between 2010 and 2022 with a moment magnitude (Mw) greater than or equal to 7.5 and a depth less than 200 km. These folders are labeled in the format YYYYMMDDhhmm_EVENT_NAME_REGION (UTC) in *.bp format. SUPPORTING DATA SET S2 (2024-001_Vera-et-al_Supporting-Data-S2.csv) This Data Set (S2) comprises a *.csv file containing earthquake source information used in the back-projection and the resulting ruptur...
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: To enhance the EU's economic autonomy, feasible options for local sourcing of critical raw materials that would allow for shorter supply routes along with ethical and responsible value chains are under contemplation. Social acceptance of mining in Europe is, however, low, and the establishment of new mining sites faces strong public opposition. Therefore, innovative solutions for the production of primary raw materials need to be developed. A new idea for raw material extraction is the extraction of essential elements from geothermal fluids. Deep geothermal fluids, increasingly used for energy production, often contain high concen-trations of dissolved ions and gases in commercially interesting concentrations. The EU-funded project CRM-geothermal aims to develop new technologies to extract these highly relevant elements, including helium, during geothermal production cycles. In this way, an environmentally friendly and socially acceptable exploration and exploitation method could be deployed. One aim of the CRM-geothermal project is to gain an overview of the actual quantities of critical raw materials in various geothermal fluids in Europe by taking and analyzing fluid samples. In Turkey for instance, classical high enthalpy (volcanic) systems exist, which are representative for many geothermal areas worldwide. The sites are located at the edges of tectonic plates and close to areas undergoing volcanic activity. The brines are mixed with seawater and circulate in the deeper crust. The data publication contains analyses results of three gas samples from Tuzla, two samples from Seferihisar geothermal power plant and one sample from the Dikili geothermal field in Turkey, taken in 2023 as part of the CRM-geothermal project.
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set was collected to identify hydrological processes and their evolution over it time. It consists of several individual files in tabstop delimeted text format. The data set contains the data obtained from deuterium and brilliant blue tracer experiments at two chronosequence studies in the glacier forefield of the Stone Glacier and the Griessfirn in the central Alps, Switzerland. Each chronosequence consisted of four moraines of different ages (from 30 to 13500 years). At each forefield sprinkling experiments with deuterium and dye tracer experiments with blue dye (Brilliant Blue) were conducted on three plots per moraine. The moraines at the forefield of the Stone Glacier developed from siliceous parent material and at the forefield of the Griessfirn from calcareous parent material. Data from the siliceous forefield are marked with (S) and data from the calcareous forefield are marked with (C). The data set consist of soil moisture time series and soil water isotope profiles of the sprinkling experiments with deuterium, as well as trinary images of stained vertical subsurface flow paths from the dye tracer experiment. The individual plots per moraine are distinguished via their position relative to one another on the moraine (left, middle, and right, looking upslope). The plots used for the sprinkling experiments were located in close vicinity to the plots used for the dye tracer experiments. For the sprinkling experiments with deuterium each plot (4m x 6m) per age class was equipped with 6 soil moisture sensors. Three of these sensors were installed as a sensor profile at one side of the plot about one meter downslope from the upper plot boundary. The sensors were installed at 10, 30, and 50 cm soil depth. On the other side of the plot, two sensors were placed in 10 cm depth, one opposite to the sensor profile and the second sensor one meter upslope from the lower plot boundary. The sixth sensor was placed at 10 cm depth in the center of the plot. The plots were irrigated on three consecutive days with three different irrigation intensities and deuterium concentrations. Per forefield, the soil moisture data are listed in one file per age class. The file contains for each plot, the time stamp and the soil moisture values of the 6 sensors.
    Keywords: Landscape Evolution ; Chronosequence Study ; Proglacial moraines ; Flow paths ; Soil moisture ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 LANDSCAPE 〉 LANDSCAPE PROCESSES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL INFILTRATION
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Teleseismic back-projection imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the rupture propagation of large earthquakes. However, its application often suffers from artifacts related to the receiver array geometry. We developed a teleseismic back-projection technique that can accommodate data from multiple arrays. Combined processing of P and pP waveforms may further improve the resolution. The method is suitable for defining arrays ad-hoc to achieve a good azimuthal distribution for most earthquakes. We present a catalog of short-period rupture histories (0.5-2.0 Hz) for all earthquakes from 2010 to 2022 with Mw {greater than or equal to} 7.5 and depth less than 200 km (56 events). The method provides automatic estimates of rupture length, directivity, speed, and aspect ratio, a proxy for rupture complexity. We obtained short-period rupture length scaling relations that are in good agreement with previously published relations based on estimates of total slip. Rupture speeds were consistently in the sub-Rayleigh regime for thrust and normal earthquakes, whereas a tenth of strike-slip events propagated at supershear speeds. Many rupture histories exhibited complex behaviors, e.g., rupture on conjugate faults, bilateral propagation, and dynamic triggering by a P wave. For megathrust earthquakes, ruptures encircling asperities were frequently observed, with down-dip, up-dip, and balanced patterns. Although there is a preference for short-period emissions to emanate from central and down-dip parts of the megathrust, emissions up-dip of the main asperity are more frequent than suggested by earlier results. The data are presented as follows (and described in detail in the associated README): SUPPORTING DATA SET S1 (2024-001_Vera-et-al_Supporting-Data-S1.zip) This Data Set (S1) consists of *.bp files containing (1) short-period earthquake rupture patterns, (2) energy radiated maps, and (3) source time functions derived from back-projections (0.5-2.0 Hz). The Data Set S1 includes 56 folders, representing 56 processed earthquakes between 2010 and 2022 with a moment magnitude (Mw) greater than or equal to 7.5 and a depth less than 200 km. These folders are labeled in the format YYYYMMDDhhmm_EVENT_NAME_REGION (UTC) in *.bp format. SUPPORTING DATA SET S2 (2024-001_Vera-et-al_Supporting-Data-S2.csv) This Data Set (S2) comprises a *.csv file containing earthquake source information used in the back-projection and the resulting rupture parameter estimates based on **visually determined** rupture end times. The *.csv file includes rupture parameter estimates for each of the 56 earthquake back-projections presented in Data Set S1. SUPPORTING DATA SET S3 (2024-001_Vera-et-al_Supporting-Data-S3.csv) This Data Set (S3) comprises a *.csv file containing earthquake source information used in the back-projection and the resulting rupture parameter estimates based on **automatic** rupture end times. Note: The main difference from Data Set S2 is that rupture parameter estimates in S3 are derived from **automated** rupture end times, whereas S2 provided estimates relative to **visually determined** rupture end times.
    Keywords: teleseismic back-projection ; large earthquakes ; megathrust earthquakes ; complex ruptures ; supershear ruptures ; earthquake rupture catalog ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data provided here is an exemplary dataset for the flux site Zarnekow from one year (2018). The complete dataset that is needed to run the codes for all the years can be obtained from the European Fluxes Database Cluster under site ID DE-Zrk (Sachs et al., 2016) or provided upon request. This repository is intended to provide the necessary MATLAB and R code to reproduce the results by Kalhori et al. (2024). The data are provided as zip folder containing (1) a csv file with associated definition of variables and units (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_README_2018_units.txt), (2) a shapefile (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.shp) and (3) a Geotiff (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.tiff). In addition, we provide a second zip folder containing the data that produced the figures of the related article (Kalhori et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9).
    Keywords: carbon dioxide emission ; CO2 emission ; methane emission ; CH4 emission ; peatland ; wetland ; eddy covariance ; rewetting ; emission factor ; mitigation ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 〉 WETLANDS 〉 PEATLANDS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains source parameters of acoustic emission (AE) events recorded during triaxial friction (stick-slip) experiments performed on the Westerly Granite sample WgN05. In addition we provide raw waveform data of AE events recorded in triggered mode with a network of 16 AE sensors. Basic seismic catalog associated with the stick-slip experiment contains origin time, hypocentral location in local Cartesian coordinate system of the sample (with associated uncertainties), and AE-derived magnitude. In addition, for a subset of AEs we provide full moment tensors. This catalog include information on fault parameters (strike, dip and rake of the two nodal planes), percentage of isotropic, compensated linear vector dipole and double-couple components of the full moment tensor, P, T, B axes orientations in the coordinate system of the sample, uncertainty assessment, as well as the six independent moment tensor components. Finally, we provide a time series of axial stress values as presented in the Kwiatek et al. (2023) as well as the coordinates of the AE sensors. The catalog and parametric data is supplemented with the raw waveform recordings stored in HDF5 format from 16 acoustic emission sensors placed on the surface of the sample.
    Keywords: acoustic emission ; rock mechanics ; earthquake precursors ; stick-slip ; earthquake preparation ; seismomechanics ; intermittent criticallity ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE PREDICTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE 〉 SEISMIC BODY WAVES ; hazard ; hazard 〉 natural hazard ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring ; physical property 〉 inversion ; physical property 〉 pressure ; physical property 〉 rock mechanics
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This publication provides the codes produced for the article "Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands. Nature Communications Earth and Environment" by Aram Kalhori, Christian Wille, Pia Gottschalk, Zhan Li, Josh Hashemi, Karl Kemper, and Torsten Sachs (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9). In the article, the authors estimate the cumulative GHG emissions of a rewetted peatland in Germany using the long-term ecosystem flux measurements. They observe a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and decreasing trend of methane (CH4) emissions. This software is written in R and MATLAB. Running the codes ([R files and .m files](Code)) and loading the data files ([CSV files and .mat files](Data)) requires the pre-installation of [R and RStudio] (https://posit.co/downloads/) and ([MATLAB]. The RStudio 2022.07.2 Build 576 version has been used for the R scripts. The land cover classification work was performed in QGIS, v.3.16.11-Hannover. Data were analyzed in both MATLAB and R and plots created with R (R Core Development Team 2020) in RStudio®. The following external packages are required to be incorporated into the codes in order to run the provided codes: "zyp" package; "missForest" package;"REddyProc" package and explained in detail in the README. Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_SenSlopes_fig2.r "zyp" package, Maintainer David Bronaugh 〈bronaugh@uvic.ca〉 Depends R (〉= 2.4.0), Kendall License: LGPL-2.1 https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=zyp Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_gapfillingMF_validation_figSI1.r "missForest" package, Maintainer Daniel J. Stekhoven 〈stekhoven@stat.math.ethz.ch〉 Depends randomForest,foreach,itertools License: GPL (〉= 2) https://www.r-project.org, https://github.com/stekhoven/missForest Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_NEEpartitioning.r "REddyProc" package, Maintainer Thomas Wutzler 〈twutz@bgc-jena.mpg.de〉 Depends R (〉= 3.0.0), methods Imports Rcpp, dplyr, purrr, rlang, readr, tibble, magrittr, solartime, bigleaf (〉= 0.7) License: GPL (〉= 2) https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/REddyProc/index.html Data are provided as .shp, CSV or text files. The MATLAB scripts for footprint calculation and the R scripts used for gapfilling (missForest) and flux partitioning (REddyProc) are also included.The full description of the data and methods is provided in the manuscript.
    Description: Other
    Description: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2023 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany (Aram Kalhori). Kalhori2023_Rewetted Peatland_GHG Analysis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see 〈https://www.gnu.org/licenses/〉.
    Keywords: carbon dioxide emission ; CO2 emission ; methane emission ; CH4 emission ; peatland ; wetland ; eddy covariance ; rewetting ; emission factor ; mitigation ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 〉 WETLANDS 〉 PEATLANDS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set contains the results from a 2023 GFZ Innovative Research Expedition project to explore for natural hydrogen gas (H2) occurrences in the NW Pyrenean foreland, near the town of Biarritz in France. The data represent in-situ measurements of soil and spring water gas, as well as in-situ spring water property measurements, complemented with laboratory analysis results of gas contents and noble gas isotopic compositions of gas and spring water samples collected during the expedition. This GFZ Innovative Research Expedition was inspired by previous exploration efforts in the region by Lefeuvre et al. (2021, 2022). These authors detected elevated concentrations of natural H2 gas in the soil and interpreted this natural H2 to be derived from serpentinizing mantle rocks below the Pyrenees. The main aims of this expedition were the following: (1) in-situ measuring soil gas contents and taking soil gas samples for laboratory analysis at a site near the town of Peyrehorade in the NW of the general study area of Lefeuvre et al. (2021), thus improving the soil gas data coverage along the NW end of the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT); (2) taking gas samples from degassing springs (or water samples from non-degassing springs to be degassed in the lab) in the general Lefeuvre et al. (2021) study area for additional laboratory analysis of gas contents and noble gas isotopic compositions, which may be indicative of (deep) gas origins; and (3) performing a detailed soil gas analysis by means of a portable mass spectrometer at Sauveterre-de-Béarn, a site along the NPFT where Lefeuvre et al. (2022) measured elevated concentrations of natural H2 in the soil. Furthermore, we also measured the properties of the visited springs (temperature, pH, conductivity) while on site, and performed additional in-situ soil gas measurements from manual drillholes. Details on the measurement and sampling methods, on the laboratory analyses, as well as the results of these measurements and analyses are provided in the data description file The expedition involved six field days in July 2023, during which a total of 26 sites were visited. These sites were selected for their vicinity near a major geological contact or fault zone that could have facilitated upward circulation of gas or (thermal) water from the (deep) subsurface (i.e., potentially from the mantle).
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The EU funded project CRM-geothermal aims to establish an overview of the potential for critical raw materials (CRM) in geothermal fluids across the EU and third countries (Ref). Within this framework, the geothermal sites of Tuzla, Seferihisar and Dikili in eastern Turkey have been visited in March 2023. To estimate the potential of CRM at these sites, a comprehensive sampling program was performed. Rock samples (drill gravel) of the production borehole and scaling from gas-water separators were obtained. Furthermore, sampling of geothermal fluids (gas and brine) and precipitates (salt) along the production line was performed. Here, the results of the geochemical analyses of solid sample materials (drill gravel, scales and salt) are presented. All analyses were performed in the ElMiE-Lab (Elements and Minerals of the Earth Laboratory) at German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany (https://labinfrastructure.geo-x.net/laboratories/8). For their major and minor element compositions, bulk samples of drill gravel and scales were analyzed with XRF and ICP-MS, respectively. Salt precipitates were analyzed for dry loss and mineral composition using XRD.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Sampling of drill gravel: Drill core gravel from Tuzla geothermal site was obtained from existing samples taken during drilling in 2010. For the analyses, three samples of the geothermal reservoir horizon at different depth and from two different drill holes were chosen. Sampling of scales: Scales were sampled during geothermal power plant maintenance in 2023 in Tuzla and in 2022 in Seferihisar. It was analyzed from all water-gas separators from the three drill holes in Tuzla. For Seferihisar, fresh scales were obtained from inside a tube, a pump and a fitter. Sampling of salt precipitates: During the visits, fresh salt precipitates were taken from outside the pipeline that transports geothermal brine to the power plant. The sampling points were located near the production well. Here, few connectors were slightly leaking which is negligible for the geothermal power production. Over time, the small amounts of brine release causes salt precipitation, due to brine cooling and evaporation. The residual salts occurs in form of fine crystalline precipitations around the pipe connectors or, stalactite-like salt tubings. Sampling of fresh, slightly moist material was performed by either scratching material off the precipitate deposit or breaking off juvenile stalactite outgrowth. The sample were stored and transported in air-tight zipper plastic bags to avoid sample alteration by atmospheric air.
    Keywords: critical raw materials ; geothermal power plant eastern turkey ; drill gravel ; scales ; salt precipitates ; geochemistry ; XRF ; ICP-MS ; XRD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 ECONOMIC RESOURCES 〉 ENERGY PRODUCTION/USE 〉 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION/USE ; energy 〉 energy type 〉 non-conventional energy 〉 geothermal energy ; Models/Analyses 〉 CRM
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is the basis for describing a 60-year-long evolution of groundwater dynamics and thermal field in the North German Basin beneath the Federal State of Brandenburg (NE Germany), covering the period between 1953 and 2014 with monthly increments. It was produced by one-way coupling of a near-surface distributed hydrologic model to a 3D basin-scale thermohydraulic groundwater model with the goal of investigating feedbacks between climate-driven forcing (in terms of time- and space-varying recharge and temperature), basin-scale geology, and topographic gradients. Modeled pressure and temperature distributions are validated against published groundwater level and temperature time series from observation wells. Our results indicate the spatio-temporal extent of the groundwater system subjected to nonlinear interactions between local geological variability and climate conditions. The dataset comprises of input files and scripts required to run the groundwater model in GOLEM and output files from the transient thermo-hydraulic simulations in EXODUS format. The input and output data is organized as separate archived folders (*.gz format).
    Description: Methods
    Description: Hydrological fluxes are simulated via mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM) (Samaniego et al., 2010), a spatially distributed hydrologic modeling tool. We make use of the results from a Germany-wide realization of mHM to derive time and space varying water fluxes, which we translate into boundary conditions at the top of our groundwater model. All groundwater simulations were conducted with GOLEM, a Finite Element Method (FEM) modelling platform for thermal-hydraulic-mechanical and non-reactive chemical processes in fully-saturated porous media (Cacace and Jacquey, 2017). Steady-state conditions were derived by solving separately for the hydraulic and the thermal cases. These uncoupled steady-state simulations have been used as initial conditions to run a coupled pseudo-transient simulation, the results of which have been later imposed to initialize the pore pressure and the temperature in the final transient simulation.
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: The dataset comprises of output fluxes from the hydrological model, input files and scripts required to run the groundwater model, output files from the transient thermo-hydraulic simulations, references to validation data, and workflows for data pre-conditioning and post-processing. The 3D structural model built for groundwater modeling covers an area of 28800 km2, extends down to 6000 m below sea level, and contains 12 stratigraphic units from pre-Permian to Quaternary. It was built using structural surfaces from an earlier basin-scale structural model of Brandenburg (Noack et al., 2013). The model captures large-scale geological features controlling the regional groundwater flow, including salt structures, permeable glacial valleys, and aquitard discontinuities. The simulated finite element mesh has a resolution of 1 km x 1 km. It is divided into 54 computational layers and consists of 1.9 million nodes, giving a total of 3 million degrees of freedom.
    Keywords: groundwater modeling ; groundwater level ; geothermal potential ; groundwater recharge ; mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) ; North German Basin ; Brandenburg ; climate ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 GROUND WATER 〉 PERCOLATION ; hydrosphere 〉 water (geographic) 〉 groundwater
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Crystallographic Information File (CIF) of the magnesium phosphate mineral struvite collected by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction.  The magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is of interest for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters and for use as a fertilizer in agriculture, yet its structure is still debated. The structure of synthetic single crystals of struvite was characterized through refinement of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction pattern acquired at 100 K. The crystal structure was processed into a crystallographic information file (CIF), which is an internationally used data format used by crystallographers, mineralogists and chemists, containing all relevant information about the structure of a specific crystalline phase (Hall et al.: International Tables for Crystallography (2006). Vol. G, ch. 2.2, pp. 20-36). Detailed description and experimental outline of the structural determination is found in Volkmann et al. (2024), DOI: https://doi.org/10.31223/X5KQ4F
    Keywords: Struvite ; Crystal structure ; Mineral ; Phosphate ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In near-Earth space, a large population of high-energy electrons are trapped by Earth’s magnetic field. These energetic electrons are trapped in the regions called Earth’s ring current and radiation belts. They are very dynamic and show a very strong dependence on solar wind and geomagnetic conditions. These energetic electrons can be dangerous to satellites in the near-Earth space. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms which drive the dynamics of these energetic electrons. Wave-particle interaction is one of the most important mechanisms. Among the waves that can be encountered by the energetic electrons when they move around our Earth, whistler mode chorus waves can cause both acceleration and the loss of energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts and ring current. Using more than 5 years of wave measurements from NASA’s Van Allen Probe mission, Wang et al (2019) developed chorus wave models which depend on magnetic local time (MLT), Magnetic Latitude (MLat), L-shell, and geomagnetic condition index Kp. To quantify the effect of chorus waves on energetic electrons, we calculated the bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients using the chorus wave model developed by Wang et al (2019) and extended to higher latitudes according to Wang and Shprits (2019). Using these diffusion coefficients, we calculated the lifetime of the electrons with an energy range from 1 keV to 2 MeV. In each MLT, we calculate the lifetime for each energy and L-shell using two different methods according to Shprits et al (2007) and Albert and Shprits (2009). We make the calculated electron lifetime database available here. Please notice that the chorus wave model by Wang et al (2019) is valid when Kp 〈= 6. If the user wants to use this lifetime database for Kp 〉6, please be careful and contact the authors.
    Keywords: Earth's radiation belt; ring current; electron precipitation; electron lifetime ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS 〉 IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS 〉 PLASMA WAVES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOLAR-ATMOSPHERE/SPACE-WEATHER MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 60
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This database contains a compilation of published zircon geochronology, chemistry and isotope data. The database was created through automated web scraping of the Figshare data repository. Data included U-Pb and Pb-Pb dating, Lu-Hf isotopes, trace element and rare earth element chemistry and isotopes. Where available, metadata on the analytical method, lithology, sample description and sampling coordinates are included. All analyses include a citation and doi link to the original data hosted on Figshare. See metadata table for descriptions of table headers. See associated manuscript for web scraping code.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DIGIS geochemical data repository is a research data repository in the Earth Sciences domain with a specific focus on geochemical data. It is hosted at GFZ Data Services through a collaboration between the Digital Geochemical Data Infrastructure (DIGIS) for GEOROC 2.0 (https://digis.geo.uni-goettingen.de) and the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The repository archives, publishes and makes accessible user-contributed, peer-reviewed research data that fall within the scope of the GEOROC database. Compilations of previously published data are also made available on the GEOROC website (https://georoc.eu) as Expert Datasets.
    Keywords: data compilation ; zircon geochronology ; geochemistry data ; isotope data ; GEOROC Expert Dataset ; zircon ; magmatic ; detrital ; U-Pb age ; Pb-Pb age ; Lu-Hf isotopes ; trace elements ; rare earth elements ; adakite ; amphibolite ; andesite ; anorthosite ; aplite ; arenite ; ash ; basalt ; basaltic andesite ; basaltic trachyandesite ; bentonite ; biotitite ; charnockite ; conglomerate ; dacite ; diamictite ; diorite ; dolerite ; dunite ; gabbro ; granite ; granodiorite ; granulite ; greenschist ; greywacke ; hornblendite ; kersantite ; kimberlite ; lamprophyre ; leucogranite ; lherzolite ; limestone ; migmatite ; monzodiorite ; monzogranite ; monzonite ; norite ; orthogneiss ; paragneiss ; pegmatite ; pelite ; psammite ; pumice ; pyroxenite ; quartzite ; radiolarite ; rhyodacite ; rhyolite ; rodingite ; sandstone ; schist ; serpentinite ; shale ; siltstone ; spessartite ; syenite ; syenogranite ; tonalite ; trachyandesite ; trachydacite ; trachyte ; trondhjemite ; tuff ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPE RATIOS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPIC AGE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL AGE DETERMINATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: To enhance the EU's economic autonomy, feasible options for local sourcing of critical raw materials that would allow for shorter supply routes along with ethical and responsible value chains are under contemplation. Social acceptance of mining in Europe is, however, low, and the establishment of new mining sites faces strong public opposition. Therefore, innovative solutions for the production of primary raw materials need to be developed. A new idea for raw material extraction is the extraction of essential elements from geothermal fluids. Deep geothermal fluids, increasingly used for energy production, often contain high concen-trations of dissolved ions and gases in commercially interesting concentrations. The EU-funded project CRM-geothermal aims to develop new technologies to extract these highly relevant elements, including helium, during geothermal production cycles. In this way, an environmentally friendly and socially acceptable exploration and exploitation method could be deployed. One aim of the CRM-geothermal project is to gain an overview of the actual quantities of critical raw materials in various geothermal fluids in Europe by taking and analyzing fluid samples. In Turkey for instance, classical high enthalpy (volcanic) systems exist, which are representative for many geothermal areas worldwide. The sites are located at the edges of tectonic plates and close to areas undergoing volcanic activity. The brines are mixed with seawater and circulate in the deeper crust. The data publication contains analyses results of three gas samples from Tuzla, two samples from Seferihisar geothermal power plant and one sample from the Dikili geothermal field in Turkey, taken in 2023 as part of the CRM-geothermal project.
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset comprises event peak flows, representing extreme floods at 516 stations in Germany. The data generation process involves several key steps. Initially, observed rainfall events associated with 10 historical flood disasters from 1950 to 2021 are undergone spatial shifts. These shifts involve three distances (20, 50, and 100 km) and eight directions (North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, Northwest), resulting in 24 counterfactual precipitation events. Including the factual (no shift) event, a total of 25 distinct shifting events are considered. Subsequently, these shifted fields are used as atmospheric forcing for a mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) set up and calibrated for the entire Germany. The model produces daily stream flows across its domain, from which the event peak flows are derived. This dataset is expected to provide a valuable resource for analyzing and modeling the dynamics extreme flood events in Germany.
    Keywords: extreme floods ; counterfactuals ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 FLOODS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Intercropping is the simultaneous growth of two or more crops in the same space for a significant part of their life cycle (Willey, 1979). In this context, samples from one farm experiments in the growing season 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, embedded in the cropping systems of one arable farm in the surrounding of Pisa, central-western part of Italy, were collected for analysis. The treatments were: PCW, a temporary intercropping system of wheat and persian clover, sown in paired rows; CONTROLSTRIP, unfertilized wheat as a sole crop, sown in paired rows.
    Description: Methods
    Description: The samples were collected from a farm located in Valtriano, around 20 km from Pisa (43°36’N 10°29’E). The temporary intercropping system comprises common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Bolero) and persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L., cv. Laser). Sampling of above-ground plant biomass was done by hands in March 2016 and 2017. For each treatment, above-ground plant biomass was collected several plots which includes three subplots with dimension of 0.25m2 in 2016 and 0.075 m2 in 2017. The samples collected, only for the green part of the plant, were dried at 60°C for 48 h. Then, coarse grinding of the plant fibres (about 1 mm in diameter) was carried out, followed by further cryogenic grinding.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; geochemistry and microscopy ; geochemistry data ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION 〉 NITROGEN
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In autumn 2022, an expedition to Tanzania was undertaken within the framework of the research project “CRM-geothermal” and Scintific Priority Program (SPP) 2238 “Dynamics of Ore Metal Enrichment”. Within „CRM-geothermal“ we are looking for an environmentally friendly co-production of critical raw materials together with the provision of geothermal energy. In the EARS, high levels of rare earth elements (REE), Sr, Ba and Mg are expected in waters and solids in areas with alkaline volcanic rocks, while other critical elements, including helium, have been sought in other localities. In particular, the eastern branch is the most juvenile sector and has increased geothermal potential related to hot fluids migrating along permeable faults. Tanzania was crossed from north to south, along the eastern arm of the EARS, to collect gas, water, rock and sediment samples associated with natural hot springs, lakes and vents. On site, physical and chemical parameters were measured in-situ and documented together with the geology, infrastructure and the domestic use of the hot site. In the south, existing drill sites and geothermal development areas were visited and gas and water samples were taken from boreholes and rocks sampled from drill cores. The survey covered 13 sites, from Lake Natron in the north to Lake Malawi in the south (see map).
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Geysers are localized hydrothermal vents that periodically erupt with gas bubbles at the surface. Understanding their distribution, dynamics, and conduit geometry is critical to understand the fluid and heat transfer through the crust. To explore this at the Geysir geothermal field in Iceland, we analyzed the spatial distribution of thermal features using high-resolution UAV-based optical and infrared cameras. Based on this, Walter et al. (2020) identified 364 distinct thermal spots. Here we release the high-resolution drone orthomosaic dataset at the Geysir geothermal field, Iceland.
    Description: Methods
    Description: The field campaign and subsequent findings are derived from UAV data collected between July 27th and August 5th, 2016. We used lightweight cameras mounted on a modified DJI Matrice 100 quadcopter drone, allowing flight durations of over 30 min and simultaneous use of optical and thermal cameras. Flight control was based on GPS, with live video feed to the operator and predefined flight paths. Overflights were conducted at different times to optimize image quality: daylight flights at 5:00 local time for optimal contrast for the optical camera, and cold night flights at 3:00 local time for the infrared camera. Altitudes were 120 meters above ground to ensure comprehensive image coverage. The optical camera, a DJI Zenmuse X5R, captured 16-megapixel images at 2 frames per second, with each image geotagged by GPS. The thermal camera, a FLIR Tau 2, had a fully radiometric resolution of 640 × 512 pixels and a spectral band of 7.5-13.5 μm, with GPS geotagging for each image.
    Keywords: Strokkur ; Iceland ; thermal map ; orthomosaic ; Aircraft 〉 UAV ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Thermal/Radiation Detectors 〉 FLIR ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 MARINE VOLCANISM 〉 HYDROTHERMAL VENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 GEYSER ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 VOLCANO ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 DIGITAL ELEVATION/DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS ; energy 〉 energy type 〉 non-conventional energy 〉 geothermal energy ; hydrosphere 〉 water (geographic) 〉 surface water 〉 thermal water ; monitoring 〉 monitoring technique 〉 photogrammetry
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-03-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains simulation data using the LPJmL-FIT model (Billing et al., 2019). The purpose of this dataset is to investigate the influence of functional diversity on European forest biomass dynamics under varying climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5). The LPJmL-FIT ("Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land – Flexible Individual Traits") model is a dynamic flexible-trait vegetation model that simulates the establishment, growth, competition, and mortality of individual trees and grasses. Each tree individual is categorized into one of four main plant functional types (PFTs) and assigned a set of functional trait values, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf longevity (LL), and wood density (WD). The model is driven by daily climate input data, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and soil texture. For this dataset, the model was applied to six different regions across central and eastern Europe, covering a range of environmental gradients. Those sites include: Alpine Mountains, Boreal flatland, Carpathian Mountains, central European flatland, central European low mountain range and eastern European flatland. Each region is represented by a set of 9 grid cells of 0.5° x 0.5° longitude and latitude in size. Four experimental set-ups were investigated, varying in the degree of functional diversity. These set-ups specify characteristics of newly establishing trees, including assignment to PFTs and the range of leaf traits drawn from the full spectrum. This dataset provides detailed model outputs from simulations exploring the effects of different levels of functional diversity on forest adaptation under changing climatic conditions.
    Keywords: vegetation carbon ; forests ; future ; Europe ; temperate forests ; boreal forests ; mountainous forests ; functional diversity ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 〉 FORESTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION 〉 BIOMASS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION 〉 CARBON ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 DYNAMIC VEGETATION/ECOSYSTEM MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: To seismically monitor the GEOREAL hydraulic stimulation experiment, that took place during the period 6-15 November 2023, a station network was set up in the vicinity of the Kontinentale Tiefbohrung/ KTB deep crustal lab near Windischeschenbach, Germany. The network comprised both surface stations, shallow borehole (25-150 m deep) stations as well as a borehole chain at 2000 m depth in the main borehole, ca. 200m apart from the pilot borehole. First stations were installed in early 2022 and removed in mid-2024. A total of 600 m³ of water was injected into the 4 km deep pilot borehole (KTB-VB, 12° 7.16' E, 49° 48.98' N, 513.418 m above NN ). This volume was injected through a stuck packer in the cased borehole into the open borehole section a depth of 3.85-4 km. No induced seismicity was observed during the injection experiment. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4R, and is fully open.
    Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; MiniSEED ; Seismometers ; GIPP ; Local network
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Tables that include information and calculations associated with water samples collected from rivers in Central Italy. The goal of the project was to determine the carbon budget for the Central Apennine Mountains of Italy, by accounting for weathering reactions that are responsible for either CO2 drawdown or release into the atmosphere. The carbon budget was created by: 1) analysing samples from different water bodies and sources in the Central Apennines (rivers, lakes, and groundwater) for ion and isotope signatures, and 2) by incorporating the ion and isotope signatures from the waters into an inversion model that partitions these signatures into different sources (e.g. minerals, vegetation, atmospheric sources) around the landscape. All data associated with this publication are provided in a single excel spreadsheet that contains a separate tab for each of the 18 Tables. The supplementary data include: 1) Information on the locations of the water samples and associated water bodies, described in the “Sampling Methods” section, 2) ion and isotope measurements from the water samples, described in the “Analytical Procedure” section, 3) the setup and output from the inversion model, and 4) the CO2 calculations that form the basis for the carbon budget, described in the “Data Processing” section. Water samples were collected over two seasons, in winter and summer; data in the tables are divided by sampling season, where indicated in the content description. For a full description of the sampling strategy, data, and methods, please refer to: Erlanger et al. (2024) “Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics” Nature Geoscience.
    Keywords: major element chemistry ; water isotopes ; rivers ; Central Italy ; CO2 budget ; geodynamics ; Apennine Mountains ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 〉 CHEMICAL WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Numerical model supporting the article: "Uplifted marine terraces at active margins: understanding the effects of sea reoccupation and coseismic uplift on uplift rate calculation. The forward numerical model reproduces the evolution of an uplifting margin subject to sea erosion. The age-mixing resulting from reoccupation and the likelihood of missing terraces along a staircase sequence increase the inaccuracy of terrace ages assigned through geometrical cross correlation; this may result in erroneous uplift rates and consequent misinterpretation of the uplift evolution. Further research is needed to explore whether vertical displacement reproducing the full seismic cycle, inclusive of both permanent and elastic deformation, and variable uplift rates, have a similar relevance in shaping the geometry of terrace sequences. The code provides the possibility to have steady uplift, i.e. aseismic and constant over time, or coseismic uplift, i.e. given by instantaneous vertical displacement, reproducing earthquakes. It is possible to define time intervals having different uplift rate values, or different uplift modes (aseismic and seismic periods), or vary the characteristic of the coseismic uplift, such as recurrence intervals and coseismic uplift displacement. The coseismic uplift can also be superimposed to a background uplift rate. All values can be of positive or negative sign. The user can define which variable values are saved in the model output, and these include parameters such as the terrace age and the reoccupation tracker. In the repository we include three sea level curves, but any other sea level curve provided by the user can be used to run the model. The parameter values used in the manuscript models are described in the Supplementary Information file of the manuscript. The data provided in txt format report data published by Saillard et al. (2011) and additional calculations, which have been used for the case study of the manuscript. The model scripts are written in Julia language and can be used to reproduce marine terraces formation at coastal margins subject to uplift. The scripts are organized as Github repository (https://github.com/albert-de-montserrat/LEM1D). Movies S1 to S8 provide a qualitative illustration of the terrace evolution under different uplift conditions.
    Description: Other
    Description: Copyright 〈2020〉 〈albert-de-montserrat〉 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    Keywords: subduction margin ; marine terraces ; sea erosion ; earthquakes ; coseismic uplift ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 COASTAL LANDFORMS 〉 WAVE-CUT NOTCH/PLATFORMS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC UPLIFT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 NEOTECTONICS ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geology 〉 tectonics
    Type: Model , Model
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The SG site “Serrahn” is located in the TERENO Observatory in the nort-eastern German lowlands. The observatory contributes to investigating the regional impact of climate and land use change. At the IGETS site Serrahn, the mean annual temperature is 8.8 °C and mean annual precipitation is 591 mm. The land cover is mainly characterized as a mixed forest, dominated by European beech and Scots pine. Influenced by the last glaciation in an outwash close to the terminal morraine, the uppermost soil layer of the site consists of aeolian sands up to a depth of 450 cm, followed by coarser sandy material with intercalated till layers. The unconfined groundwater level is at about 14 m below surface. There is hardly any human activity (e.g., traffic) at this quiet forest site. The nearest town is Neustrelitz at a distance of 5 km. Since December 2017, the superconducting gravimeter iGrav-033 is operated outdoors at this forest location (Latitude: 53.3392 N, Longitude: 13.17413 E, Elevation: 79.60 m). The gravimeter is installed in a dedicated field enclosure on top of a concrete pillar with an area of 1.1 m x 1.1 m at an elevation of 0.80 m above the terrain surface. The pillar has been build to a depth of 2.00 m below the surface. One additional pillar (also 1.1 m x 1.1 m, at surface level) is located right next to the iGrav installation and is used for repeated observations with absolute gravimeters (AG). At the site, meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, air pressure) and hydrological (groundwater, soil moisture, sapflow, throughfall) parameters are monitored by different sensors. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second intervals and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products to the IGETS network.
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; environment 〉 geophysical environment ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GRAVITY STATIONS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SGO ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Gravimeters 〉 SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVIMETER ; science 〉 geography 〉 geodesy
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This archive disseminated through the GFZ-Data Service includes both results and information as-sociated to Bindi et al. (2023). In particular, the archive includes a seismic catalogue reporting ener-gy magnitude Me estimated form vertical P-waves recorded at teleseismic distances in the range 20°≤ D ≤ 98°, following Di Giacomo et al (2008, 2010). The catalogue is built considering 6349 earth-quakes included in the GEOFON (Quinteros et al, 2021) catalogue with moment magnitude Mw larger than 5 and occurring after 2011. Tools used to compute the energy magnitude are free available. In particular, we used stream2segment (Zaccarelli, 2018) to download data from IRIS (https://ds.iris.edu/ds) and EIDA (Strollo et al., 2021) repositories, and me-compute [Zaccarelli, 2023) to process waveforms and compute Me. The methodology applied to me-compute is also implemented as add-on for SeicomP (GFZ and Gempa, 2020) in order to allow the real time computation of Me (https://github.com/SeisComP/scmert).
    Description: Other
    Description: Version History: 19 February 2024: release of first version 28 March 2024: release of v.1.1 Addition of the complete list of references for the seismic networks analysed with me-compute as described in Bindi et al. (2024, ESSD). The list is provided as additional txt file in the data download section and all references were added to the XML metadata.
    Keywords: Energy magnitude ; seismic catalog ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset is the result of an experimental series that was carried out in September/October 2022 at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany to observe biosorption of lead under extreme conditions. Synthetic solutions, simulating the geothermal fluids from the Heemskerk geothermal power plant were were prepared in 30 ml glass vials (Rotalibo screw neck ND24 EPA). To prepare the stock solutions, sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.8 %, Cellpure, Merck, DE) was added at 265 g/L and Pb(II), in form of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2 , Merck, DE), at 1 g/L to ultrapure water. To assess the impact of acetic acid on lead biosorption, two treatments were done: one without acetic acid and one where acetic acid (100 %, Merck, DE) was added at 60 mg/L. Finally, dead biomass of the fungus Penicillium citrinum was added in the samples at a concentration of 4 g/L (Wahab et al., 2017). The samples were incubated in an autoclave at a pressure of 8 bars on a rotative shaker. The temperature was set at 25 °C, 60 °C or 98 °C with three contact times (1, 2 and 3 h). All treatments were performed in triplicates. For each treatment, two controls without biomass were done. Control samples without the addition of NaCl were done in duplicate, at 25 °C and for 2 h. After incubation, samples were filtered through a 0.22 µm nitrocellulose filter (Sartorius Stedim Biotech, FR) to separate the biomass from the liquid. The biomass on the filters was dried for 24 h at 45 °C before being scraped from the filter and kept in a Falcon tube at room temperature.
    Keywords: geothermal ; biosorption ; lead biosorption ; Penicillium cintrinum ; batch experiments ; brine
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We merged various digital elevation models (DEMs) published in the recent years and created an up-to-date composite and global solution for Earth’s topography and bathymetry. Compared to the original geographically limited data sets, the final product is a seamless merged grid which additionally provides high resolution and accuracy topography and depth globally. We provide Earth relief grids w.r.t EIGEN-6C4 global geoid in terms of surface and bedrock elevation, ice thickness, and land-type masks which have been substantially improved w.r.t the global grids found in literature. We assessed the quality of the merged surface elevations w.r.t the heights given for about globally distributed 5000 ITRF stations. The merged surface model shows improvement of a factor of three w.r.t the other commonly used DEMs in terms of standard deviation. In addition to the four grids, GDEMM2024_SUR, GDEMM2024_BED, GDEMM2024_ICE, and GDEMM2024_LTM, we provide two additional files, the surface elevation without water (GDEMM2024_TBI) and the GDEMM2024_GEO file to transform the heights above EIGEN_6C4 geoid to ellipsoidal heights. The final grids are provided both in 30 arcsec and 1arcmin resolution and in GeoTIFF format which is one of the standards that is available in GMT (Generic Mapping Tools), GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) and in almost all GIS software systems.
    Keywords: Earth relief grids ; topography ; ice surface elevation ; bedrock elevation ; ice thickness ; land-type masks ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 TDX ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CRYOSPHERE 〉 GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS 〉 GLACIER TOPOGRAPHY/ICE SHEET TOPOGRAPHY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 LANDFORMS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 SURFACE ROUGHNESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TERRAIN ELEVATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 BATHYMETRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 WATER DEPTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS 〉 GLACIER TOPOGRAPHY/ICE SHEET TOPOGRAPHY ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 DIGITAL ELEVATION/DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Turkey heat flow database includes several research articles obtained from the catalogue of The Global Heat Flow Data Assessment Project conducted by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC; www.ihfc-iugg.org). The presented database contains 725 heat-flow determinations compiled from 9 different publications generated between 1991-2023 reported within Turkey. For the reporting and sorting of the database, the structure documented by Fuchs et al. (2023) is followed. Within this dataset, 98% of the entries represent continental heat-flow data (onshore), while the remaining 2% correspond to marine data (offshore). 88% of the reported heat flow values were obtained via direct temperature measurements, while the remaining data (12%) were estimated from indirect Curie depth temperature calculations.
    Keywords: Türkiye ; Heat Flow ; Database ; onshore (continental) ; drilling ; surface temperature/bottom water temperature ; bottom hole temperature – uncorrected ; continuous temperature logging in borehole equilibrium using semiconductor transducer or thermistor probe ; Curie Point/Depth estimate ; thermal conductivity source: assumed from literature ; thermal conductivity method: estimation from lithology and literature ; temperature gradient ; thermal conductivity ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 SOILS 〉 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes the results of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and digital image correlation (DIC) analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments. Twenty generic analogue models are extended on top of a rubber sheet. Two benchmark experiments are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Liu et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The data presented here are visualized as topography and the horizontal cumulative surface strain (principal strain and slip rake).
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; depression ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; Extension box ; fault ; graben ; graben ; High frame rate camera ; horst ; normal fault ; Poisson ratio ; rift valley ; rifting ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Sandbox ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; SLR camera ; Structure from Motion (SfM) ; Structure from Motion (SfM) 〉 Photoscan (Agisoft) ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic setting 〉 intraplate tectonic setting ; wrench fault
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A network of 210 continuously running, digital seismic stations equipped with short-period sensors (200 stations) and broadband sensors (10 stations) was deployed in an area of ~8 x ~6 km in the Irish Midlands (north of Collinstown) for a time period of ~6 weeks. The network was part of the EU project VECTOR (https://vectorproject.eu) aiming to investigate – among others – possible solutions for least invasive forms of exploration for mineral resources. In this context the collected data was mainly used to derive a 3D model of the subsurface (seismic shear wave velocity) using ambient noise tomography (down to ~1.5km depth). We thank all field crews for their excellent work rendered to the project. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7W, and is embargoed until Feb 2025.
    Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Seismometers ; Geophone[g] ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; Passive seismic ; GIPP ; MESI ; Raw[g] ; Local network ; Vertical component[g] ; Three-component[g] ; Land[g] ; Geophysics ; Natural
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The model named EHFM_Earth_7200 was derived by layer-based forward modeling technique in ellipsoidal harmonics, the maximum degree of this model reaches 7200. The relief information was provided by Earth2014 relief model. EHFM_Earth_7200 provides very detailed (~3 km) information for the Earth’s short-scale gravity field, and it is expected to be able to augment or refine existing global gravity models. To meet the existing standard, here we provide spherical harmonic coefficients, which are transformed from original ellipsoidal harmonic coefficients. The maximum degree of the spherical harmonic coefficients is 7300.
    Description: Methods
    Description: - Compute global equiangular reduced latitude grids from degree 10800 Earth2014 SHCs and expanded these grids into EHCs. The grids are band-limited in spherical harmonics instead of in ellipsoidal harmonics so extra degrees beyond the truncation degree are also calculated. We obtained surface EHCs up to degree and order (d/o) 11000 but truncated them to d/o 7200. - Calculate potential models of three layers (crust, water and ice) separately from Earth2014 reliefs by new developed ellipsoidal harmonic forward modeling formulas. The densities of the three layers are 2670, 1030, and 917 kg/m^3. - Sum up results from the three layers and obtain EHFM_Earth_7200 ellipsoidal harmonic coefficients. - Convert ellipsoidal harmonic coefficients to spherical harmonic coefficients. The maximum degree of the spherical harmonic coefficients is 7300.
    Keywords: Gravity forward modeling ; Ellipsoidal topographic potential ; Spectral domain ; Layer concept ; ICGEM ; geodesy ; topographic gravity field model ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The new time series of GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly solution HUST-Grace2024 is recently developed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. During retrieving our model, the reprocessed GRACE L1b RL03 data and GRACE-FO RL04 data are used, and the newly de-aliasing product AOD1B RL07 is applied. In addition, a hybrid processing chain is applied to improve the quality of final solutions. Further details are presented in Zhou et al. (2024). This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42074018, 41931074, 42061134007).
    Description: Other
    Description: Parameters: product_type: gravity_field modelname: HUST-Grace2024-nLL-YYYYMM generating institute: HuaZhong University of Science and Technology earth_gravity_constant: 3.9860044150E+14 radius: 6.3781363000E+06 max_degree: LL errors: formal norm: fully_normalized tide_system: zero_tide
    Keywords: GRACE ; monthly gravity field model ; ICGEM ; geodesy ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data publication contains the compilation of global heat-flow data by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC; www.ihfc-iugg.org) of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI). The presented data update release 2024 contains data generated between 1939 and 2024 and constitutes the second intermediate update benefiting from the global collaborative assessment and quality control of the Global Heat Flow Database running since May 2021 (http://assessment.ihfc-iugg.org). The data release comprises new original heat-flow data published since April 2023 (the update 2023). It contains 91,182 heat-flow data from 1,586 publications. 57% of the reported heat-flow values are from the continental domain (n ~ 54,553), while the remaining 43% are located in the oceanic domain (n ~ 36,692).
    Keywords: heat flow density ; Global Heat Flow Database ; International Heat Flow Commission ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 MARINE VOLCANISM 〉 BENTHIC HEAT FLOW ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 OCEAN HEAT BUDGET 〉 HEAT FLUX ; physical property 〉 temperature
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains element concentrations of six different hydrological compartments sampled on a daily basis over the course of one year in two neighboured first order headwater catchments located in the Conventwald (Black Forest, Germany). Critical Zone water compartments include above-canopy precipitation (bulk precipitation including rainwater, snow and fog water), below-canopy precipitation (throughfall), subsurface flow from three distinct soil layers (organic layer, upper mineral soil, deep mineral soil), groundwater, creek water and spring water. Element concentrations include major elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Si, S), trace elements (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, P, Sr, Zn), anion (Cl), and dissolved organic elements (DOC, DON). The data were used to explore concentration (C) - discharge (Q) relationships and to calculate short-term element-specific chemical weathering fluxes, which were compared with previously published long-term element-specific chemical weathering fluxes. The ratio of both weathering fluxes, described by the so-called “Dissolved Export Efficiency” (DEE) metric revealed deficits in the stream dissolved load. These deficits were attributed to colloid-bound export and either storage in re-growing forest biomass or export in biogenic particulate form. Tables supplementary to the article, including data quality control, are provided in .pdf and .xlsx formats. In addition, data measured in the course of the study are also provided as machine readable ASCII files.
    Keywords: Critical Zone ; Major element concentration ; Trace element concentration ; Anion concentration ; Dissolved organic element concentration ; Stream water ; Groundwater ; Subsurface flow ; Throughfall ; Precipitation ; Spring water ; Time series ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 GROUND WATER 〉 GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 SURFACE WATER 〉 DISCHARGE/FLOW ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 SURFACE WATER 〉 SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY 〉 NUTRIENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY 〉 TRACE METALS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection contains inundation maps in Lima and Callao (Peru) based on tsunami simulations with two numerical wave propagation and run-up models (Tsunami-HySEA and TsunAWI) for a range of Manning values between 0.015 and 0.06, where constant values were applied in the whole model domain. The simulations were carried out in the framework of the RIESGOS project (https://www.riesgos.de/en/). The source is based on the historic event from October 1746, the parameters are derived from the study Jimenez et al. (2013). The moment magnitude is prescribed to Mw 9.0, the source area is split into five sub-faults, with inhomogeneous slip distribution and static deformation at time zero (this means no kinematic source model). The flow depth distribution in Lima/Callao after four hours simulation time obtained by the two models is interpolated to raster files and provided in geoTIFF format.
    Keywords: numerical modelling ; tsunami inundation ; Nonlinear prosesses ; bottom roughness ; Callao ; Peru ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 OCEAN WAVES 〉 TSUNAMIS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION ; environmental data ; experiment 〉 simulation 〉 modelling
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In diesem Bericht werden die durch das GFZ Potsdam am 29. und 30. November 2023 durchgeführte bohrlochgeophysikalische Messungen in den Bohrungen Gt Khn 1/88 und Gt Khn 2/87 in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) dokumen-tiert. Die Messungen wurden mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung hochaufgelöster und un-gestörter Temperatur-Tiefen-Profile durchgeführt. Die Stillstandszeiten seit Erstel-lung liegen bei mehreren Jahrzehnten; jene seit letzter Befahrung bei fünfzehn Jahren, weshalb von ungestörten Gebirgstemperaturen ausgegangen werden kann. In der Bohrung Gt Khn 2/87 wurde bei 1786,5 m Teufe eine Temperatur von 57,8 °C, welches einem mittleren Temperaturgradienten von 27,8 °C/km entspricht, ge-messen. Die Bohrung Gt Khn 1/88 konnte bis zu einer Teufe von 325,1 m befahren werden, die gemessene Temperatur betrug 16,2 °C, der entsprechende mittlere ge-othermische Gradient beträgt ca. 23,6 °C/km. This report documents the borehole geophysical logging performed by GFZ Potsdam in the Gt Khn 1/88 and Gt Khn 2/87 boreholes in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) on the 29th and 30th of November 2023. The measurements were conducted to achieve high-resolution and undisturbed temperature-depth pro-files. The shut-in times since the boreholes were drilled are several decades; the shut-in time since last activities in the boreholes are in the order of 15 years. There-fore, undisturbed formation temperatures can be expected in the boreholes. In the Gt Khn 2/87 borehole, a temperature of 57.8 °C was measured at a depth of 1786.5 m, which corresponds to an average temperature gradient of 27.8 °C/km. The Gt Khn 1/88 borehole could be logged to a depth of 325.1 m and the measured temperature at this depth was 16.2 °C, corresponding to an average geothermal gradient of approx. 23.6 °C/km.
    Keywords: borehole logging ; undisturbed formation temperature ; North German Basin ; Bohrlochmessungen ; ungestörte Formationstemperaturen ; Norddeutsches Becken ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS 〉 GEOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS 〉 GEOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE 〉 TEMPERATURE PROFILES
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Strokkur is a pool geyser in southwest Iceland that erupts every 3.7 minutes. Eruptions start with a blue water bulge that soon turns white (bulge phase) before the water bubble bursts into a jetting water fountain (jet phase). We measured the bulge rising velocity and height and fountain rising velocity and height using video cameras and drones from GFZ and the accompanying ground motion using seismometers from the University of Potsdam. We publish the derived products from video data and seismic data here.
    Keywords: geyser ; eruption ; geothermal ; geothermal tremor ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Photon/Optical Detectors 〉 Cameras 〉 VIDEO CAMERA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data repository contains electrical and seismic tremor measurements, thermal infrared imagery, atmospheric conditions and information on plume heights that were recorded and collected during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. The 2021 Tajogaite eruption lasted from 19 September until 13 December 2021. The "data description" file provides more detailed information on each dataset and the way the data is formatted. The electrical data was recorded using a Biral Thunderstorm Detector BTD-200. This sensor was installed at two consecutive locations: BTD1 (28.635°N, 17.876389°W) recorded from 11-26 October 2021 and BTD2 (28.602365°N, 17.880475°W) recorded from 27 October 2021 until the end of the eruption. The volcanic tremor measurements were recorded at seismic station PLPI (28.5722°N, 17.8654°W), which was operated by the Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias. Here we provide the seismic tremor amplitudes within the Very Long Period (0.4-0.6 Hz) and the Long Period (1-5 Hz) frequency bands between 10 September and 20 December 2021. Thermal infrared videography of the explosive volcanic activity was done using an InfraTec HD thermal infrared (TIR) video camera. This camera was installed in El Paso (28.649361°N, 17.882279°W) and recorded almost continuously between 3-8 November 2021. Here we provide individual thermal infrared frames. Atmospheric conditions were obtained from weather balloon measurements at Güímar (station nr. 60018) on Tenerife, which were provided by the University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Science (http://weather.uwyo.edu/). In addition, atmospheric data was collected from ground-based weather stations at El Paso and Roque de los Muchachos, which were operated by the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) of Spain on La Palma. Information on the volcanic plume heights was obtained from both the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (https://vaac.meteo.fr/volcanoes/la-palma/) as well as the Plan de Emergencias Volcánicas de Canarias.
    Keywords: Volcanic lightning ; Volcanic ash ; Biral Thunderstorm Detector ; Electrostatic measurements ; 2021 Tajogaite eruption ; Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge ; La Palma ; Canary Islands ; Movement of charge ; Volcanic plume height ; Ice nucleation ; Lava fountaining ; Strombolian activity ; Ash emission ; Gas jetting ; Explosive volcanic activity ; Seismic tremor ; Thermal infrared rise diagram ; Isotherms ; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ; Very Long Period (VLP) ; Long Period (LP) ; Balloons/Rockets 〉 RADIOSONDES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 〉 ELECTRIC FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 〉 LIGHTNING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE/INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 ASH/DUST DISPERSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 VOLCANO MAGNITUDE/INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 VOLCANO PREDICTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 INFRARED WAVELENGTHS 〉 THERMAL INFRARED ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 WEATHER/CLIMATE ADVISORIES 〉 DUST/ASH ADVISORIES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 WEATHER/CLIMATE ADVISORIES 〉 PRESENT WEATHER ; geological process 〉 volcanism 〉 volcanic eruption ; hazard 〉 natural hazard ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 VOLCANO OBSERVATORY ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 WEATHER STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 WEATHER STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 WWLLN ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Electrical Meters ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers 〉 SEISMOMETERS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring ; physical process 〉 transport (physics) 〉 mass transport (physics) ; physical property 〉 electricity ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geology 〉 volcanology ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics ; science 〉 physical science 〉 physics 〉 atmospheric physics
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The here presented data set contains time series recording urban seismic noise which was evaluated with MASW to retrieve a shear wave velocity model for subsurface characterization. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology was used to acquire the seismic data in strain-rate unit along an 11-km long telecommunication fiber optic cable which runs parallel to a major road in Berlin, Germany. The original DAS data was recorded at the sampling frequency of 1000 Hz using iDAS Silixa Interrogator Unit with a gauge length of 10 m and a channel spacing of 8 m for the duration of 15 days form 5th of April 2021 to 20th April 2021.
    Keywords: Seismic interferometry ; Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves ; Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE 〉 SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We provide sample information and geochemical data for obtaining erosion, weathering, and denudation rates from a framework based cosmogenic meteoric 10Be versus stable 9Be (10Be/9Be) ratios. We modified this published silicate framework (von Blanckenburg et al., 2012) to carbonate landscapes, and performed thorough ground-truthing and testing of assumptions, as this is the first application of the framework for carbonate lithologies. The most important methodological findings are as follows: 1) We amended a sequential extraction step specific for solubilizing total carbonate-bound Be using acetic acid. As this extraction cannot distinguish between secondary and primary carbonate, we employed carbon stable isotopes to obtain the fraction of Be associated with secondary carbonate. We find that 〉90% of total carbonate-bound Be is bound to secondary carbonate, meaning that distinguishing between secondary and primary carbonate and employing carbon stable isotopes may not be necessary. 2) Using radiogenic strontium isotope ratios we found that about a third of the 9Be contained in secondary carbonate is derived from the dissolution of silicate phases, likely clastic impurities such as clays. These silicate phases also adsorb meteoric 10Be during weathering. The method is thus applicable to pure limestone as well as mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithologies. 3) Total 9Be concentrations in bedrock are heterogeneous in the Jura, and are potentially controlled by the amount of silicate impurities contained in limestone. Yet the average 9Beparent in summed carbonate- and silicate-bound fractions (0.07 ug/g) is about 9 times lower than values from existing rock databases. In limestones studies, 9Beparent must be thus determined case-by-case on local bedrock. 4) The analysis of partition coefficients Kd for 10Be and 9Be, respectively, and very similar 10Be/9Be ratios show that dissolved Be has equilibrated between reactive (amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxides) and secondary carbonate phases. Secondary carbonate phases are thus part of the reactive Be pool in limestone settings. 5) As in previous studies in silicate lithologies 10Be and 9Be concentrations show pronounced differences between soil and sediment samples that we attribute to grain size dependence and sorting. The 10Be/9Be ratios however cover a remarkably narrow range for all samples, resulting a in narrow range in denudation rates. 6) The fraction of 9Be released by weathering and partitioned into the secondary reactive or dissolved phase serves as a Be-specific proxy for the degree of weathering. 7) The atmospheric depositional flux of 10Be estimated for the Jura mountains from concentrations of dissolved and particulate 10Be and river gauging is about 80% of estimates from independent global GCM-based distribution maps. The GCM estimates thus provide sufficient accuracy. From application of these new principles, weathering and erosion in the French Jura Mountains can be described as follows: The proportion of weathering in total denudation W/D is 〉0.9, due to the high purity of the limestone that almost completely dissolved except for a small silicate mineral fraction that, however, carries 50% of the bedrock’s 9Be. Resulting 10Be/9Be-derived denudation rates are on average 300 t/km2/yr for soils and 580 t/km2/yr for river sediments. The soil-derived values agree well with previous estimates from gauging data despite their entirely different (decadal vs. millennial) integration time scales. That sediment-derived denudation rates exceed those from soil we attribute to a 30-60% contribution from subsurface bedrock weathering. On a global scale, our data provides the first cosmogenic-based denudation rates for the precipitation (MAP) range of 1200 to 1700 mm/yr under a temperate climate and dense vegetation cover. Previous millennial-scale denudation rates from in situ-36Cl in calcite from less vegetated sites do not exceed 250 t/km2/yr in this precipitation range. With 500-600 t/km2/yr our denudation rates peak at MAP of 1200-1300 mm/yr, and then show a trend of decreasing D with increasing MAP.
    Keywords: Meteoric 10Be; meteoric cosmogenic nuclides; 10Be/9Be; carbonate landscapes; weathering; erosion; denudation ; chemical element 〉 element of group II (alkaline earth metals) 〉 beryllium ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 GEOMORPHOLOGY 〉 KARST LANDFORMS/PROCESSES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ISOTOPE RATIOS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 KARST PROCESSES 〉 WEATHERING
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The goal of the UPFLOW project is to develop new high-resolution seismic imaging approaches along with new data collection, and to use them to constrain upward flow in unprecedented detail. We conducted a large off-shore experiment in the Azores-Madeira-Canary Islands region, which is a unique natural laboratory with multiple upwellings that are poorly understood in general. UPFLOW deployed and recovered 49 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) in a ~1,000×2,000 km2 area in the Azores-Madeira-Canary Islands region starting in July 2021 for ~13 months, with an average spacing of ~150-200 km. The seismic deployment and recovery involved institutions from five different countries: Portugal (IPMA, IDL, Univ. of Lisbon, ISEL), Ireland (DIAS), UK (UCL), Spain (ROA) and Germany (Potsdam University, GFZ, Geomar, AWI). 32 OBSs were rented from the DEPAS international pool of instruments maintained by the Alfred Wegener Institute (Bremerhaven), Germany, while other institutions borrowed additional instruments (7 from DIAS, 4 from IDL, 3 from ROA, 4 from GEOMAR). Most of the instruments have three-component wideband seismic sensors, but three different designs of OBS frames were used. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8J, and is embargoed until 4 years after publishing but may be accessible upon request. We want to acknowledge the exceptional support of the whole team of able seaman, steward, cooks, engineers, mechanicians, electricians and motorman assistants of the vessel RRV Mário Ruivo. With special Thanks to José Ângelo Gomes (Captain), Luís Ramos (Superintendent), Mafalda Carapuço Vessel’s manager (IPMA), Henrique Ferreira Land logistics (IPMA), Celine Ahmed and Jen Amery (Administrative support at UCL)
    Keywords: GEOMAR ; iMarl-DIAS ; IDL ; ROA ; Pressure ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; OBS ; Passive seismic ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; DEPAS ; Amphibious ; Mantle plume ; Regional network ; Pressure ; Three-component[g] ; Natural
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 2700GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains orientation data for foliations (n=773) and lineations (n=512) from the central Tauern Window collected during fieldwork in the years 2016 to 2019. The data is distributed in the form of shapefiles for easy use with GIS software. It can be displayed conveniently using the symbology files that are also part of the dataset.
    Keywords: structural data ; orientation data ; lineation ; foliation ; schistosity ; coordinates ; GIS ; 4DMB ; 4D Mountain Building ; tectonics ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 FOLDS ; information 〉 information system 〉 geographic information system ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geology 〉 tectonics
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-05-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This collection contains 10500 computationally generated, randomised 2D microstructures, their geometrical and electrical properties, and the Matlab software package used to calculate these properties. The two-phase microstructures (mineral matrix, pore space) represent three different pore space types (microfracture networks, intergranular pore space, oomoldic pore space) and are organised into 35 ensembles - with common modelling parameters - of 100 individual microstructure realisations each. For all realisations, several geometrical properties (percolation, total porosity, connected porosity, isolated porosity, surface area, fractal dimension) and physical properties (formation factor from electrical resistivity, electrical tortuosity) are given. The collection also includes a Matlab-based finite element simulation package derived from the FEMALY library, which can be used to compute the properties of any given 2D raster microstructure.
    Keywords: petrophysics ; microstructure ; finite element method ; permeability and porosity ; statistical methods ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ELECTRICAL ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
    Type: Collection , Collection
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From June to August 2021 the DEEPEN project deployed a dense seismic network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlíð geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant were interrogated with commercial DAS-interrogators. The here published dataset contains a subset of the downsampled DAS-recordings from the western fiber optic array. The original data were downsampled from 2000Hz to 250 Hz using the das-convert tool (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2021.005). Note that there was a problem with the GNSS timing in the original recorded data which caused significant temporal drift. This has mostly been corrected in the downsampled data, but some residual timing error may exist. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1D, and is fully open.
    Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; DAS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 1700GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This repository contains the site amplification functions obtained by Bindi et al. (2023). The site amplifications were obtained through a Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) applied to seismic recordings downloaded from EIDA (Strollo et al., 2021) and EarthScope (https://service.iris.edu/) using stream2segment software (Zaccarelli, 2018). We computed the Fourier spectra of S-waves windows considering the square root of the sum of the two horizontal components squared. The site amplifications are relative to the station CH.LSS (station Linth-Limmern of the Swiss network, https://stations.seismo.ethz.ch/en/station-information/station-details/station-given-networkcode-and-stationcode/index.html?networkcode=CH&stationcode=LLS), installed on rock with shear wave velocity averaged over the top 30 m equal to vs30=2925 m/s (Fäh et al. 2009). The site amplification at the reference station LLS is constrained to be equal to 1 for frequencies f below 10 Hz and to the function exp[−0.015π(f−10)] above 10 Hz, to account for near-surface attenuation effects at high frequencies. Details about the decomposition can be found in Bindi et al (2023). The file siteAmp_repo.csv uses as field separator the semicolon (;). It contains: - column freq: values of frequency between 0.5 and 20 Hz; - columns with site amplifications: 3001 columns with column name given by network_station_channel (e.g. GR_MOX_HH indicated station MOX of network GR, channel HH). The R script (R Core Team, 2024) plotRepo.R shows how to read and plot the site amplification for a given station.
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Europe ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Geldingadalir 2021 eruption in Iceland started on 19 March and ended on 18 September. It featured nearly 9000 lava fountain episodes of minute to day duration that were all accompanied by seismic tremor. We measured the duration, repose time, tremor amplitude and shape using seismometers from the University of Potsdam. We publish the corresponding catalogs that contain information about these episodes. Periodically, aerial surveys were conducted by the University of Iceland using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS). These surveys lead to digital surface models (DSM), orthomosaics, and 3D models. These products were used to supplement the seismic observations.
    Keywords: eruption ; seismic tremor ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset accompanying the MOOC on soil applications contains an airborne hyperspectral HySpex image over the study site Demmin in Northern Germany which was recorded in October 2015. The surrounding area of Demmin is characterized by its glacial past and is largely used for agriculture. Here you can find relics of the ice age such as kettle holes - small, completely closed hollow shapes whose formation is attributed to the burial and subsequent thawing of an ice lens. Mostly overgrown nowadays by vegetation, SOC accumulates in these areas and higher contents are measured. The image dataset is fully pre-processed – all non-soil pixels are masked, the spectra were smoothed using a Savitzky-Golay Filter and transformed to first derivatives – and provided in BSQ format. In addition to the HySpex image, this dataset contains a point data shapefile with 27 sampling locations, as well as information on the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents [g/kg]. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2023. Guidance on how to derive quantitative soil maps (SOC content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel, the soil MOOC course pages and the regression workflow documentation.
    Description: Other
    Description: HYPERedu is an education initiative within the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP), a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical variables, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; hyperspectral imagery ; imaging spectroscopy ; HySpex airborne imagery ; Demmin ; Germany ; soil ; SOC ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains a subset of an airborne hyperspectral HyMap image over the Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park in Spain from 15.06.2005, and soil wet chemistry data based on in-situ soil sampling. The Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park is a semi-arid mediterranean area in Southern Spain, sparsely populated and with a range of landscape patterns. The soils in this area are developed on volcanic and carbonatic bedrocks and are highly variable in their textural and mineralogical composition, offering interesting spectral variability. The airborne survey was acquired during a DLR / HyVista HyEurope campaign. The image dataset is fully processed for atmospheric and geometric correction with PARGE and ATCOR and is provided as orthorectified reflectance in BSQ format. Spatial resolution is 5 m and spectral coverage is 0.45-2.45 μm with 12-17 nm spectral sampling. In addition to the HyMap imagery, this dataset contains two soil reference datasets as CSV files, namely in-situ data for clay content and iron content. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2024. Guidance on how to derive semiquantitative and quantitative soil maps (clay and iron content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) EnSoMAP tool are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@HYPERedu_GFZ/playlists) and the soil MOOC course pages (https://eo-college.org/courses/beyond-the-visible-imaging-spectroscopy-for-soil-applications/).
    Description: Other
    Description: HYPERedu is an education initiative within the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP), a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical variables, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; hyperspectral imagery ; imaging spectroscopy ; HyMap airborne imagery ; Cabo de Gata-Nίjar ; Spain ; Mediterranean ; soil ; clay ; DEM ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains three seismicity catalogs covering the first 5 days of the aftershock sequence of the Mw 7.8 Karamanmaraş and Mw 7.6 Elbistan earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye on February 6th, 2023. The catalogs are derived from machine learning (ML) approaches operating on continuous data from 38 permanent seismological stations covering the area of the aftershock sequence and span the time interval 06.02.2023-10.02.2023. The seismological stations are operated by AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey) and KOERI (Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute). Automatic P- and S-phase picks were obtained using the deep learning PhaseNet software (Zhu & Beroza, 2019), and either GaMMA (Zhu et al., 2022) or GENIE (McBrearty & Beroza, 2023) routines were used to associate these phases into seismic events. The probabilitic NLLoc earthquake location software (Lomax et al., 2009) was used to produce single event locations and final relative relocations were obtained after applying the hypoDD software (Waldhauser & Ellsworth, 2000). This resulted in two single event location NLLoc aftershock catalogs based on GaMMA and GENIE event association and containing 17,550 and 14,805 event detections in the time interval 06.02.2023 01:18 UTC - 11.02.2023 00:00 UTC, respectively. The hypoDD based catalog of better constrained relative relocations contains 5,215 events. The magnitude range is between M-0.1 and M6.9 with time-variable magnitude of completeness. The catalog covers the area 36.00S-39.00S and 35.40E-40.00E. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
    Keywords: East Anatolian Fault Zone ; Kahramanmaraş earthquake ; enhanced seismicity catalog ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-06-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication provides the results of the investigations and measurements of thermal rock properties conducted on site in the Tournemire field laboratory and at the Thermal Petrophysics Lab at GFZ. The thermal characterization of the clayey Jurassic (Upper Toarcian, ca. 180 My old) is contributing to the site characterization of the Tournemire Underground Research Lab (URL), located in Southern France. This URL is installed in a former railway tun-nel to better understand the physical processes resulting from thermal and hydrau-lic loading in a small fault zone in a highly consolidated shale formation (Bonnelye et al., 2023). At the Tournemire site, faults and fractures of different sizes extend from the surface (sedimentary cover) to the crystalline basement. At one specific gallery (Gallery East 03) installed in the former tunnel, thermally controlled in-situ fluid injection experiments are scheduled on a strike-slip fault zone outcropping at the URL (Bonnelye et al., 2023). In 2022, we visited the URL for baseline characteri-zation of thermal properties and to study the heterogeneity of the clay-dominated formation. Therefore, we took the chance to collect data and samples for a laborato-ry measurement campaign and to measure thermal conductivity in-situ in the tun-nel wall of Gallery East 03. The thermal data shall provide the baseline for the pa-rameterization of future numerical 3D models to better understand the thermal-hydraulic processes related to the experiment. This data publication provides the results of the investigations and measurements conducted on-site in the field la-boratory and at the Thermal Petrophysics Lab at GFZ.
    Keywords: thermal conductivity ; claystone ; host rocks ; URL ; compound material 〉 sedimentary material 〉 sedimentary rock 〉 generic mudstone 〉 mudstone 〉 claystone ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMATION
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: River water and suspended sediment samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 from the Narayani, Saptakoshi and Sunkoshi rivers in Nepal. Samples formed part of the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/). This project aims to better understand the role of earthquakes on earth surface processes. Hydrological stations were installed on the rivers draining the epicentral area following the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.9). The stations were operated for four consecutive monsoon seasons. All stations were equipped with river stage height measurements and manned daily for sampling. A small batch of river water samples were also collected from the Narayani River. These samples were collected upstream of Narayanghat using a raft between 2015 and 2017. These samples were collected at varying depths in the river. Dissolved river water ion concentrations (N=672) and sediment-adsorbed cation concentrations (N=74) were determined. Radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) of both phases were measured for a small number of paired samples (N=9). Dissolved river water anion concentrations were measured at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. Dissolved river water cation concentrations were measured at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany and the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Sediment-adsorbed cation concentrations and radiogenic strontium isotope ratios were measured at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    Description: Other
    Description: This data set forms part of the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/). Strong earthquakes cause transient perturbations to the near Earth’s surface system. These include widespread land-sliding, subsequent mass movement, and the loading of rivers with sediments. In addition, brittle-rock deformation occurs during the event, forming cracks that affect rock strength and hydrological conductivity. Often overlooked in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, these perturbations can represent a major part of the overall disaster with impacts that can persist for years before restoring to background conditions. This relaxation phase is therefore part of seismically induced earthquake changes and needs to be monitored to understand the full impact on the Earth system. The fundamental questions motivating the PRESSurE project are ‘How do earthquakes impact erosion during and following seismic activity?’ and ‘What is the role of earthquakes on Himalayan landscape evolution?’. In early June, shortly after the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we installed twelve hydrological stations covering all rivers draining the epicentral area. Each station was equipped for daily river water and suspended sediment sampling. Samples are filtered and packed in Nepal, before being shipped to the sediment lab at GFZ for further analysis (SedLab: https://labinfrastructure.geo-x.net/laboratories/91). The sampling network is complemented by an array of seismometers, repeated satellite image observations, and on-side stage high recording. This array is optimized for the monitoring of Earth surface processes (land-sliding, mass wasting and debris flows) and for the monitoring of properties of the shallow subsurface by coda analysis. The monitoring network is the first and most complete observatory to monitor the perturbation of Earth surface process by a major earthquake.
    Type: Collection , Collection
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data present the intermediate to final results when we introduce a two-step fully Bayesian approach with coupled uncertainty propagation for estimating crustal isotropic and radial anisotropy models using Rayleigh and Love dispersion data along with receiver functions in Sri Lanka. In the first step, 2D surface wave tomography is used to generate period-wise ambient noise phase velocity maps for Rayleigh and Love waves along with their associated uncertainties. Here we provide the inter-station dispersion data (folder: 2024-003_1_Ke-et-al_interstation_surface_ dispersion_curves; ASCII) for the 2D surface wave tomography process, along with the results of the tomography, including the velocity maps (folder: 2024-003_Ke-et-al_2_velocity_map; ASCII). In addition, the results (folder: 2024-003_3_Ke-et-al_2Dmcmc_inversion_results) are available in MAT format, along with a MATLAB script to allow users to extract the data independently. In a second step, local surface wave dispersion and model errors are derived from the velocity maps. The surface wave dispersion receiver functions are jointly inverted to obtain the isotropic mean shear wave and radial anisotropy profiles as a function of depth at each station site. The input data (folder: 2024-003_Ke-et-al_4_inv_data; ASCII) of surface dispersion and receiver function for the inversion are presented here, as well as the final result model from the inversion (folder: 2024-003_Ke-et-al_5_model; ASCII and .dat formats).
    Keywords: seismic crustal structure ; Bayesian joint inversion ; seismic ambient noise ; receiver functions ; radial anisotropy ; Bayesian joint inversion ; seismic ambient noise ; receiver functions ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set was taken within the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/), Hazard and Risk Team (HART) project by the German Center for Geosciences GFZ Potsdam. This project aims to better understand the role of earthquakes on earth surface processes. Strong earthquakes cause transient perturbations of the near Earth’s surface system. These include the widespread landsliding and subsequent mass movement and the loading of rivers with sediments. In addition, rock mass is shattered during the event, forming cracks that affect rock strength and hydrological conductivity. Often overlooked in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, these perturbations can represent a major part of the overall disaster with an impact that can last for years before restoring to background conditions. Thus, the relaxation phase is part of the seismical-ly induced change by an earthquake and needs to be monitored in order to understand the full impact of earthquakes on the Earth system. Following the April 2015 Mw 7.9 Gorkha earthquake, 6 hydrological stations were installed on the Buri Gandaki, Trisuli, Bhotekoshi, Sunkoshi, Koshi and Kahole Khola rivers, draining the epicentral area. The stations were operated for 4 monsoon sea-sons from May/June 2015 to October 2018. The stations were equipped with river stage height measurements and manned daily river sampling for suspended river sediments and water geo-chemistry. In this data publication we present the data from the small head water catchment Ka-hule Khole (see also Andermann et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.6.2021.003). Bhotekoshi at Barabise, Sunkoshi at Khurkot and Koshi at Chatara. The samples were filtered at the sampling location and analyzed at the GFZ Potsdam SedLab, section 4.6 Geomorphology, for suspended sed-iment concentration and grainsize distribution. A small sample batch of suspended sediment concentrations was published already in Cook et al. 2018. The samples BA_01.07.2016 – BA_25.07.2016 have been published in this manuscript in figure 4. This data publication contains 920 suspended sediment measurements and respective grainsize distributions. List after station: Kahule Khola 230 samples, Bhotekoshi 282, Sunkoshi 189, and Sapta Koshi 219 samples.
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" (2016-2022; https://www.earthshape.net/) explored between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the young geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; seismic ; weight drop ; weathering zone ; critical zone ; bedrock ; granite ; passive seismic ; 3C sensor ; EarthShape ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; Private Reserve Santa Gracia ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WEIGHT-DROP_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 NEAR_SURFACE ; PASSIVE_SEISMIC 〉 STATIONS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; SENSOR 〉 3-C ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; MINISEED_DATA_FORMAT ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 VERTICALLY_STACKED_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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