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  • Articles  (313)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (313)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (313)
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  • 1
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    A G protein mutant that inhibits thrombin and purinergic receptor activation of phospholipase A2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The stimulation of phospholipase A2 by thrombin and type 2 (P2)-purinergic receptor agonists in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by the G protein Gi. To delineate alpha chain regulatory regions responsible for control of phospholipase A2, chimeric cDNAs were constructed in which different lengths of the alpha subunit of Gs (alpha s) were replaced with the corresponding sequence of the Gi alpha subunit (alpha i2). When a carboxyl-terminal chimera alpha s-i(38), which has the last 38 amino acids of alpha s substituted with the last 36 residues of alpha i2, was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the receptor-stimulated phospholipase A2 activity was inhibited, although the chimera could still activate adenylyl cyclase. Thus, alpha s-i(38) is an active alpha s, but also a dominant negative alpha i molecule, indicating that the last 36 amino acids of alpha i2 are a critical domain for G protein regulation of phospholipase A2 activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, S K -- Diez, E -- Heasley, L E -- Osawa, S -- Johnson, G L -- DK37871/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM30324/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):662-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chlorides/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Lithium Chloride ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Mutation ; Phospholipases/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Receptors, Purinergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Restriction Mapping ; Thrombin/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 2
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    Induction of cellular senescence in immortalized cells by human chromosome 1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: The control of cellular senescence by specific human chromosomes was examined in interspecies cell hybrids between diploid human fibroblasts and an immortal, Syrian hamster cell line. Most such hybrids exhibited a limited life span comparable to that of the human fibroblasts, indicating that cellular senescence is dominant in these hybrids. Karyotypic analyses of the hybrid clones that did not senesce revealed that all these clones had lost both copies of human chromosome 1, whereas all other human chromosomes were observed in at least some of the immortal hybrids. The application of selective pressure for retention of human chromosome 1 to the cell hybrids resulted in an increased percentage of hybrids that senesced. Further, the introduction of a single copy of human chromosome 1 to the hamster cells by microcell fusion caused typical signs of cellular senescence. Transfer of chromosome 11 had no effect on the growth of the cells. These findings indicate that human chromosome 1 may participate in the control of cellular senescence and further support a genetic basis for cellular senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugawara, O -- Oshimura, M -- Koi, M -- Annab, L A -- Barrett, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Diploidy ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/*cytology ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Ploidies ; Transfection ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    T cell reactivity to MHC molecules: immunity versus tolerance (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: The specificity of mature CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes is controlled by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, respectively. The MHC class specificity of T cells is stringent in many assays, but is less evident when cells are supplemented with exogenous lymphokines. The repertoire of T cells is shaped through contact with MHC molecules in the thymus and involves a complex process of positive selection and negative selection (tolerance). Tolerance of immature T cells to MHC molecules can reflect either clonal deletion or anergy and results from intrathymic contact with several cell types, including epithelial cells and cells with antigen-presenting function. Unlike immature T cells, mature T cells are relatively resistant to tolerance induction. In certain situations partial unresponsiveness of mature T cells can be achieved by exposing T cells to foreign MHC molecules expressed on atypical antigen-presenting cells. Tolerance is rarely complete, however, and the precise requirements for tolerizing mature T cells are still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sprent, J -- Gao, E K -- Webb, S R -- AI21487/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA25803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA38355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1357-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1694041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; *Immunity ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-05
    Description: The high degree of tubulin heterogeneity in neurons is controlled mainly at the posttranslational level. Several variants of alpha-tubulin can be posttranslationally labeled after incubation of cells with [3H]acetate or [3H]glutamate. Peptides carrying the radioactive moiety were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis, Edman degradation sequencing, and mass spectrometric analysis of these peptides led to the characterization of a posttranslational modification consisting of the successive addition of glutamyl units on the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue (Glu445). This modification, localized within a region of alpha-tubulin that is important in the interactions of tubulin with microtubule-associated proteins and calcium, could play a role in regulating microtubule dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edde, B -- Rossier, J -- Le Caer, J P -- Desbruyeres, E -- Gros, F -- Denoulet, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 5;247(4938):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biochimie Cellulaire, College de France, Paris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1967194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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  • 5
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    Clonal deletion versus clonal anergy: the role of the thymus in inducing self tolerance (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: During development in the thymus, T cells are rendered tolerant to self antigens. It is now apparent that thymocytes bearing self-reactive T cell receptors can be tolerized by processes that result in physical elimination (clonal deletion) or functional inactivation (clonal anergy). As these mechanisms have important clinical implications for transplantation and autoimmunity, current investigations are focused on understanding the cellular and molecular interactions that generate these forms of tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramsdell, F -- Fowlkes, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1342-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Autoimmunity/immunology ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chickens ; Chimera ; Clone Cells/*immunology ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Minor Lymphocyte Stimulatory Antigens ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Thymus Gland/*immunology ; Xenopus
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  • 6
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    Failure to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma gene product in senescent human fibroblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Heterokaryon studies suggest that senescent and quiescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) contain a common inhibitor of entry into S phase. DNA synthesis can be induced in senescent and quiescent HDF by fusing them with cells containing DNA viral oncogenes such as SV40 T antigen, adenovirus E1A, or human papillomavirus E7. Both senescent and quiescent HDF contained the unphosphorylated form (p110Rb) of the retinoblastoma protein, a putative inhibitor of proliferation. After serum stimulation, senescent HDF did not phosphorylate p110Rb and did not enter S phase, whereas quiescent HDF phosphorylated p110Rb and entered S phase. These findings, combined with the observations that T antigen, E1A, and E7 form complexes with, and presumably inactivate, unphosphorylated p110Rb, suggest that failure to phosphorylate p110Rb may be an immediate cause of failure to enter S phase in senescent HDF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, G H -- Beeson, M -- Gordon, L -- AG 00947/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus Early Proteins ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Interphase ; Molecular Weight ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism ; Oncogenes ; Papillomaviridae/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; Simian virus 40/genetics/immunology
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  • 7
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    The dominant W42 spotting phenotype results from a missense mutation in the c-kit receptor kinase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-12
    Description: The murine white spotting locus (W) is allelic with the proto-oncogene c-kit, which encodes a transmembrane tyrosine protein kinase receptor for an unknown ligand. Mutations at the W locus affect various aspects of hematopoiesis and the proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells and melanoblasts during development to varying degrees of severity. The W42 mutation has a particularly severe effect in both the homozygous and the heterozygous states. The molecular basis of the W42 mutation was determined. The c-kit protein products in homozygous mutant mast cells were expressed normally but displayed a defective tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant complementary DNAs revealed a missense mutation that replaces aspartic acid with asparagine at position 790 in the c-kit protein product. Aspartic acid-790 is a conserved residue in all protein kinases. These results provide an explanation for the dominant nature of the W42 mutation and provide insight into the mechanism of c-kit-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan, J C -- Nocka, K -- Ray, P -- Traktman, P -- Besmer, P -- P01-CA-16599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA-32926/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):209-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Homozygote ; Liver/analysis/cytology/embryology ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; *Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; RNA/analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Signal Transduction
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  • 8
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    Use of prior vaccinations for the development of new vaccines (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-27
    Description: There is currently a need for vaccine development to improve the immunogenicity of protective epitopes, which themselves are often poorly immunogenic. Although the immunogenicity of these epitopes can be enhanced by linking them to highly immunogenic carriers, such carriers derived from current vaccines have not proven to be generally effective. One reason may be related to epitope-specific suppression, in which prior vaccination with a protein can inhibit the antibody response to new epitopes linked to the protein. To circumvent such inhibition, a peptide from tetanus toxoid was identified that, when linked to a B cell epitope and injected into tetanus toxoid-primed recipients, retained sequences for carrier but not suppressor function. The antibody response to the B cell epitope was enhanced. This may be a general method for taking advantage of previous vaccinations in the development of new vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etlinger, H M -- Gillessen, D -- Lahm, H W -- Matile, H -- Schonfeld, H J -- Trzeciak, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 27;249(4967):423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Central Research Unit F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Tetanus Toxoid/*immunology ; *Vaccination ; Vaccines/*immunology
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  • 9
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    Acceleration of diabetes in young NOD mice with a CD4+ islet-specific T cell clone (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop an autoimmune form of diabetes, becoming hyperglycemic after 3 months of age. This process was accelerated by injecting young NOD mice with CD4+ islet-specific T cell clones derived from NOD mice. Overt diabetes developed in 10 of 19 experimental animals by 7 weeks of age, with the remaining mice showing marked signs of the disease in progress. Control mice did not become diabetic and had no significant pancreatic infiltration. This work demonstrates that a CD4 T cell clone is sufficient to initiate the disease process in the diabetes-prone NOD mouse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haskins, K -- McDuffie, M -- P01 DK40144/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2205920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
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  • 10
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    A cDNA for a protein that interacts with the human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivator (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat protein (Tat) is a positive regulator of virus gene expression and replication. Biotinylated Tat was used as a probe to screen a lambda gt11 fusion protein library, and a complementary DNA encoding a protein that interacts with Tat was cloned. Expression of this protein, designated TBP-1 (for Tat binding protein-1), was observed in a variety of cell lines, with expression being highest in human cells. TBP-1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus, which is consistent with the nuclear localization of Tat. In cotransfection experiments, expression of TBP-1 was able to specifically suppress Tat-mediated transactivation. The strategy described may be useful for direct identification and cloning of genes encoding proteins that associate with other proteins to modulate their activity in a positive or negative fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelbock, P -- Dillon, P J -- Perkins, A -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Gene Products, tat/*metabolism ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 11
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    Dominant negative regulation of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene in adult liver (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Transcription of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene is activated in the developing fetal liver and gut and repressed in both tissues shortly after birth. With germline transformation in mice, a cis-acting element was identified upstream of the transcription initiation site of the alpha-fetoprotein gene that was responsible for repression of the gene in adult liver. This negative element acts as a repressor in a position-dependent manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vacher, J -- Tilghman, S M -- CA44976/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1732-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chromosome Deletion ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fetus ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta ; Liver/growth & development/*metabolism ; Mice ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; alpha-Fetoproteins/*genetics
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  • 12
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    Identification of a sequence in the PEPCK gene that mediates a negative effect of insulin on transcription (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) governs the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. Glucocorticoids and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) increase PEPCK gene transcription and gluconeogenesis, whereas insulin has the opposite effect. Insulin is dominant, since it prevents cAMP and glucocorticoid-stimulated transcription. Glucocorticoid and cAMP response elements have been located in the PEPCK gene and now a 15-base pair insulin-responsive sequence (IRS) is described. Evidence for a binding activity that recognizes this sequence is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, R M -- Lucas, P C -- Forest, C D -- Magnuson, M A -- Granner, D K -- DK 20593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 35107/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):533-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; *Genes, Regulator ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/drug effects/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Thionucleotides ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Transfection
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  • 13
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    "Superantigens" may shed light on immune puzzle (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):685-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Bacterial Toxins/*immunology ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: The vast repertoire of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors is generated, in part, by V(D)J recombination, a series of genomic rearrangements that occur specifically in developing lymphocytes. The recombination activating gene, RAG-1, which is a gene expressed exclusively in maturing lymphoid cells, was previously isolated. RAG-1 inefficiently induced V(D)J recombinase activity when transfected into fibroblasts, but cotransfection with an adjacent gene, RAG-2, has resulted in at least a 1000-fold increase in the frequency of recombination. The 2.1-kilobase RAG-2 complementary DNA encodes a putative protein of 527 amino acids whose sequence is unrelated to that of RAG-1. Like RAG-1, RAG-2 is conserved between species that carry out V(D)J recombination, and its expression pattern correlates precisely with that of V(D)J recombinase activity. In addition to being located just 8 kilobases apart, these convergently transcribed genes are unusual in that most, if not all, of their coding and 3' untranslated sequences are contained in single exons. RAG-1 and RAG-2 might activate the expression of the V(D)J recombinase but, more likely, they directly participate in the recombination reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oettinger, M A -- Schatz, D G -- Gorka, C -- Baltimore, D -- GM39458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dogs ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Opossums ; Proteins/*genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Turtles ; VDJ Recombinases
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  • 15
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    High-resolution mapping of human chromosome 11 by in situ hybridization with cosmid clones (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-05
    Description: Cosmid clones containing human DNA inserts have been mapped on chromosome 11 by fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions that suppress signal from repetitive DNA sequences. Thirteen known genes, one chromosome 11-specific DNA repeat, and 36 random clones were analyzed. High-resolution mapping was facilitated by using digital imaging microscopy and by analyzing extended (prometaphase) chromosomes. The map coordinates established by in situ hybridization showed a one to one correspondence with those determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of hybrid cell lines containing fragments of chromosome 11. Furthermore, by hybridizing three or more cosmids simultaneously, gene order on the chromosome could be established unequivocally. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly producing high-resolution maps of human chromosomes by in situ hybridization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichter, P -- Tang, C J -- Call, K -- Hermanson, G -- Evans, G A -- Housman, D -- Ward, D C -- GM-27882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-33868/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-18012/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 5;247(4938):64-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2294592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cosmids/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A Y -- Devaux, B -- Green, A -- Sagerstrom, C -- Elliott, J F -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD55 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Complement Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Presentation of exogenous antigen with class I major histocompatibility complex molecules (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: Soluble antigens (Ags) in the extracellular fluids are excluded from the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted pathway of Ag presentation in most cells. However, an exogenous Ag can be internalized, processed, and presented in association with class I MHC molecules on specialized Ag-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs express class II molecules and can simultaneously present exogenous Ags to both class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells. These APCs may be important participants in the regulation of host immune responses. This APC activity may explain several phenomena of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming in vivo and might be exploited for eliciting CTL responses to protein vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rock, K L -- Gamble, S -- Rothstein, L -- AI-20248/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):918-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Azides/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ovalbumin/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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  • 18
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    An insertion in the human thyrotropin receptor critical for high affinity hormone binding (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Thyrotropin (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are structurally related glycoprotein hormones, which bind to receptors that share a high degree of sequence similarity. However, comparison of the primary amino acid sequences of the TSH and LH-CG receptors reveals two unique insertions of 8 and 50 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor. The functional significance of these insertions were determined by site-directed mutagenesis. Deletion of the 50-amino acid tract (residues 317 to 366) had no effect on TSH binding or on TSH and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) biological activities. In contrast, either deletion or substitution of the eight-amino acid region (residues 38 to 45) abolished these activities. This eight-amino acid tract near the amino terminus of the TSH receptor appears to be an important site of interaction for both TSH and TSI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadsworth, H L -- Chazenbalk, G D -- Nagayama, Y -- Russo, D -- Rapoport, B -- DK-19289/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-36182/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2169649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Deletion ; Clone Cells ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics/metabolism ; Thyrotropin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transfection
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  • 19
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    Genetic differences in the ethanol sensitivity of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Animal lines selected for differences in drug sensitivity can be used to help determine the molecular basis of drug action. Long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice differ markedly in their genetic sensitivity to ethanol. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, mRNA from brains of LS and SS mice was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the ethanol sensitivity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)- and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated ion channels was tested. Ethanol facilitated GABA responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from LS mice but antagonized responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from SS animals. Ethanol inhibited NMDA responses equally in the two lines. Thus, genes coding for the GABAA receptor or associated proteins may be critical determinants of individual differences in ethanol sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wafford, K A -- Burnett, D M -- Dunwiddie, T V -- Harris, R A -- AA03527/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA06399/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microinjections ; N-Methylaspartate ; Oocytes/*drug effects/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects/*genetics ; Xenopus ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 20
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    Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronnett, G V -- Hester, L D -- Nye, J S -- Connors, K -- Snyder, S H -- DA 00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Brain Diseases/*pathology ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/analysis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
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  • 21
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    Defective presentation of endogenous antigen by a cell line expressing class I molecules (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules associated with antigenic peptides derived from endogenously synthesized proteins. Binding to such peptides is a requirement for class I assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A mutant human cell line, T2, assembles and transports to its surface some, but not all, class I MHC molecules. The class I molecules expressed on the surface of T2 do not present peptides derived from cytosolic antigens, although they can present exogenously added peptides to CTL. The transported class I molecules may interact weakly with an unknown retaining factor in the ER such that they can assemble despite the relative shortage of peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hosken, N A -- Bevan, M J -- AI-19335/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Capsid/immunology ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/immunology ; Gene Expression ; H-2 Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Peptides/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Core Proteins/immunology
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  • 22
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    Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF; interleukin-10), a product of mouse TH2 T cell clones that inhibits synthesis of cytokines by mouse TH1 T cell clones, exhibits extensive sequence similarity to an uncharacterized open reading frame in the Epstein-Barr virus BCRF1. Recombinant BCRF1 protein mimics the activity of interleukin-10, suggesting that BCRF1 may have a role in the interaction of the virus with the host's immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, D H -- de Waal Malefyt, R -- Fiorentino, D F -- Dang, M N -- Vieira, P -- de Vries, J -- Spits, H -- Mosmann, T R -- Moore, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):830-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins/*biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Mice ; Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Direct interaction of a ligand for the erbB2 oncogene product with the EGF receptor and p185erbB2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The erbB2 oncogene encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane protein whose sequence is similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A 30-kilodalton factor (gp30) secreted from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was shown to be a ligand for p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. In two cell lines that overexpress erbB2 but do not expresss EGFR (MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had been transfected with erbB2), phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was induced only by gp30. The gp30 specifically inhibited the growth of cells that overexpressed p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR had no effect on the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell colony formation obtained with gp30. Thus, it appeared that gp30 interacted directly with the EGFR and erbB2. Direct binding of gp30 to p185erbB2 was confirmed by binding competition experiments, where gp30 was found to displace the p185erbB2 binding of a specific antibody to p185erbB2. The evidence described here suggests that gp30 is a ligand for p185erbB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupu, R -- Colomer, R -- Zugmaier, G -- Sarup, J -- Shepard, M -- Slamon, D -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 24
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    Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: In view of the current interest in in vivo murine models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related retroviruses was investigated with a human leukemic T cell line (PF-382x) that acquired xenotropic MuLV (X-MuLV) after in vivo passage in immunosuppressed mice. Despite similar levels of membrane CD4 expression and HIV-1 125I-labeled gp 120 binding, a dramatic acceleration in the time course of HIV-1 infection was observed in PF-382x compared to its X-MuLV-negative counterpart (PF-382). Moreover, PF-382 cells coinfected by X-MuLV and HIV-1 generated a progeny of phenotypically mixed viral particles, enabling HIV-1 to productively infect a panel of CD4- human cells, including B lymphoid cells and purified normal peripheral blood CD4-/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mixed viral phenotypes were also produced by human CD4+ T cells coinfected with an amphotropic MuLV-related retrovirus (A-MuLV) and HIV-1. These data show that endogenous MuLV acquired by human cells transplanted into mice can significantly interact with HIV-1, thereby inducing important alterations of HIV-1 biological properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lusso, P -- di Marzo Veronese, F -- Ensoli, B -- Franchini, G -- Jemma, C -- DeRocco, S E -- Kalyanaraman, V S -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):848-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/microbiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/analysis ; Virus Replication
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  • 25
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    Characterization of naturally occurring minor histocompatibility peptides including H-4 and H-Y (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens can be peptides derived from cellular proteins that are presented on the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This is similar to viral antigens, because in both cases cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize artificially produced peptides loaded on target cells. Naturally processed minor H peptides were found to be similar to those artificial CTL-epitopes, as far as size and hydrophobicity is concerned. The peptides studied were isolated from a transfectant that expressed a model CTL-defined antigen, beta-galactosidase, from male cells that express H-Y, which has been known operationally since 1955, and from cells that express H-4, known since 1961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotzschke, O -- Falk, K -- Wallny, H J -- Faath, S -- Rammensee, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):283-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Epitopes/isolation & purification ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/*analysis/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/*analysis/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    A base dispute (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldrop, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):472-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Information Systems ; Jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Recovery of mitogenic activity of a growth factor mutant with a nuclear translocation sequence (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Heparin-binding growth factor-1 (HBGF-1) is an angiogenic polypeptide mitogen for mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro and remains biologically active after truncation of the amino-terminal domain (HBGF-1 alpha) of the HBGF-1 beta precursor. Polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis and prokaryotic expression systems were used to prepare a mutant of HBGF-1 alpha lacking a putative nuclear translocation sequence (amino acid residues 21 to 27; HBGF-1U). Although HBGF-1U retains its ability to bind to heparin, HBGF-1U fails to induce DNA synthesis and cell proliferation at concentrations sufficient to induce intracellular receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos expression. Attachment of the nuclear translocation sequence from yeast histone 2B at the amino terminus of HBGF-1U yields a chimeric polypeptide (HBGF-1U2) with mitogenic activity in vitro and indicates that nuclear translocation is important for this biological response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imamura, T -- Engleka, K -- Zhan, X -- Tokita, Y -- Forough, R -- Roeder, D -- Jackson, A -- Maier, J A -- Hla, T -- Maciag, T -- HL 32348/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 35627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1699274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cattle ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Down-regulation of LFA-1 adhesion receptors by C-myc oncogene in human B lymphoblastoid cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The function of the c-myc gene and its role in tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of c-myc oncogene activation in B cell malignancy, the phenotypic changes caused by the expression of c-myc oncogenes in human B lymphoblastoid cells immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus were analyzed. C-myc oncogenes caused the down-regulation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) adhesion molecules (alpha L/beta 2 integrin) and loss of homotypic B cell adhesion in vitro. Down-regulation of LFA-1 occurred by (i) posttranscriptional modulation of LFA-1 alpha L-chain RNA soon after acute c-myc induction, and (ii) transcriptional modulation in cells that chronically express c-myc oncogenes. Analogous reductions in LFA-1 expression were detectable in Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying activated c-myc oncogenes. Since LFA-1 is involved in B cell adhesion to cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and vascular endothelium, these results imply functions for c-myc in normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inghirami, G -- Grignani, F -- Sternas, L -- Lombardi, L -- Knowles, D M -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA 37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37295/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):682-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*analysis/genetics/physiology ; Plasminogen Inactivators ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes
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    Reversal of creatine kinase translational repression by 3' untranslated sequences (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-25
    Description: A subline of U937 cells (U937D) was obtained in which creatine kinase B (CK-B) messenger RNA was present and bound to ribosomes, but CK activity was undetectable. Transformation of U937D cells with retrovirus vectors that contain the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of CK-B messenger RNA exhibited CK activity with no change in abundance of CK-B mRNA. The 3' UTR formed a complex in vitro with a component of S100 extracts from wild-type cells. This binding activity was not detectable in S100 extracts from cells that expressed CK activity after transformation with the 3' UTR-containing vector. These results suggest that translation of CK-B is repressed by binding of a soluble factor or factors to the 3' UTR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ch'ng, J L -- Shoemaker, D L -- Schimmel, P -- Holmes, E W -- GM34366/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA 47631-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1003-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2343304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Creatine Kinase/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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    Intracellular calcium release mediated by sphingosine derivatives generated in cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: Soluble and hydrophobic lipid breakdown products have a variety of important signaling roles in cells. Here sphingoid bases derived in cells from sphingolipid breakdown are shown to have a potent and direct effect in mediating calcium release from intracellular stores. Sphingosine must be enzymically converted within the cell to a product believed to be sphingosine-1-phosphate, which thereafter effects calcium release from a pool including the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium pool. The sensitivity, molecular specificity, and reversibility of the effect on calcium movements closely parallel sphingoid base-mediated inhibition of protein kinase C. Generation of sphingoid bases in cells may activate a dual signaling pathway involving regulation of calcium and protein kinase C, comparable perhaps to the phosphatidylinositol and calcium signaling pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghosh, T K -- Bian, J -- Gill, D L -- NS19304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Kinetics ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorylcholine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems/drug effects ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thermodynamics
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    Hypertriglyceridemia as a result of human apo CIII gene expression in transgenic mice (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia is common in the general population, but the biochemical basis for this disease is largely unknown. With the use of transgenic technology, two lines of mice were created that express the human apolipoprotein CIII gene. One of these mouse lines with 100 copies of the gene was found to express large amounts of the protein and to be severely hypertriglyceridemic. The other mouse line with one to two copies of the gene expressed low amounts of the protein, but nevertheless manifested mild hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, overexpression of apolipoprotein CIII can be a primary cause of hypertriglyceridemia in vivo and may provide one possible etiology for this common disorder in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Y -- Azrolan, N -- O'Connell, A -- Walsh, A -- Breslow, J L -- HL 36461/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL33435/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL33714/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):790-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2167514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins C/blood/*genetics ; Chylomicrons/blood ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Triglycerides/blood
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    Human sickle hemoglobin in transgenic mice (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: DNA molecules that contain the human alpha- and beta s-globin genes inserted downstream of erythroid-specific, deoxyribonuclease I super-hypersensitive sites were coinjected into fertilized mouse eggs and a transgenic mouse line was established that synthesizes human sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). These animals were bred to beta-thalassemic mice to reduce endogenous mouse globin levels. When erythrocytes from these mice were deoxygenated, greater than 90 percent of the cells displayed the same characteristic sickled shapes as erythrocytes from humans with sickle cell disease. Compared to controls the mice have decreased hematocrits, elevated reticulocyte counts, lower hemoglobin concentrations, and splenomegaly, which are all indications of the anemia associated with human sickle cell disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, T M -- Townes, T M -- Reilly, M P -- Asakura, T -- Palmiter, R D -- Brinster, R L -- Behringer, R R -- HD-09172/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL-35559/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL43508/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2154033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood/genetics ; Animals ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Erythrocytes/ultrastructure ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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    Cloning of an interleukin-3 receptor gene: a member of a distinct receptor gene family (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: Interleukin-3 (IL-3) binds to its receptor with high and low affinities, induces tyrosine phosphorylation, and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. A binding component of the IL-3 receptor was cloned. Fibroblasts transfected with the complementary DNA bound IL-3 with a low affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) of 17.9 +/- 3.6 nM]. No consensus sequence for a tyrosine kinase was present in the cytoplasmic domain. Thus, additional components are required for a functional high affinity IL-3 receptor. A sequence comparison of the IL-3 receptor with other cytokine receptors (erythropoietin, IL-4, IL-6, and the beta chain IL-2 receptor) revealed a common motif of a distinct receptor gene family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, N -- Yonehara, S -- Schreurs, J -- Gorman, D M -- Maruyama, K -- Ishii, A -- Yahara, I -- Arai, K -- Miyajima, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2404337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Interleukin-3/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-3 ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Molecular cloning and expression of a complementary DNA for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase was isolated from a rat brain cDNA expression library with the use of monoclonal antibodies. This clone had an open reading frame that would direct the synthesis of a protein consisting of 449 amino acids and with a molecular mass of 49,853 daltons. The putative protein revealed a potential calmodulin-binding site and six regions with amino acid compositions (PEST regions) common to proteins that are susceptible to calpain. Expression of the cDNA in COS cells resulted in an approximately 150-fold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity of these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, K Y -- Kim, H K -- Lee, S Y -- Moon, K H -- Sim, S S -- Kim, J W -- Chung, H K -- Rhee, S G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2157285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics/metabolism ; *Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; Plasmids ; Rats ; Transfection
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    Mapping of herpes simplex virus-1 neurovirulence to gamma 134.5, a gene nonessential for growth in culture (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: The gene designated gamma 134.5 maps in the inverted repeats flanking the long unique sequence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) DNA, and therefore it is present in two copies per genome. This gene is not essential for viral growth in cell culture. Four recombinant viruses were genetically engineered to test the function of this gene. These were (i) a virus from which both copies of the gene were deleted, (ii) a virus containing a stop codon in both copies of the gene, (iii) a virus containing after the first codon an insert encoding a 16-amino acid epitope known to react with a specific monoclonal antibody, and (iv) a virus in which the deleted sequences were restored. The viruses from which the gene was deleted or which carried stop codons were avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of mice. The virus with the gene tagged by the sequence encoding the epitope was moderately virulent, whereas the restored virus reacquired the phenotype of the parent virus. Significant amounts of virus were recovered only from brains of animals inoculated with virulent viruses. Inasmuch as the product of the gamma 134.5 gene extended the host range of the virus by enabling it to replicate and destroy brain cells, it is a viral neurovirulence factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, J -- Kern, E R -- Whitley, R J -- Roizman, B -- AI 1588-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 24009/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 47451/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1262-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Codon ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Encephalitis/*microbiology ; *Genes, Viral ; Herpes Simplex/*microbiology ; Humans ; *Immediate-Early Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rabbits ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Simplexvirus/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/*genetics ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics/immunology
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    Toxoplasma gondii: fusion competence of parasitophorous vacuoles in Fc receptor-transfected fibroblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: After actively entering its host cells, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides in an intracellular vacuole that is completely unable to fuse with other endocytic or biosynthetic organelles. The fusion blocking requires entry of viable organisms but is irreversible: fusion competence of the vacuole is not restored if the parasite is killed after entry. The fusion block can be overcome, however, by altering the parasite's route of entry. Thus, phagocytosis of viable antibody-coated T. gondii by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with macrophage-lymphocyte Fc receptors results in the formation of vacuoles that are capable of both fusion and acidification. Phagocytosis and fusion appear to involve a domain of the Fc receptor cytoplasmic tail distinct from that required for localization at clathrin-coated pits. These results suggest that the mechanism of fusion inhibition is likely to reflect a modification of the vacuole membrane at the time of its formation, as opposed to the secretion of a soluble inhibitor by the parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joiner, K A -- Fuhrman, S A -- Miettinen, H M -- Kasper, L H -- Mellman, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):641-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2200126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts/parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Lysosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phagocytosis ; Receptors, Fc/genetics/*physiology ; Toxoplasma/growth & development/*physiology ; *Transfection ; Vacuoles/*parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure
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    Effect of phospholipase C-gamma overexpression on PDGF-induced second messengers and mitogenesis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the phosphorylation of the gamma isozyme of PLC (PLC-gamma) in vitro and in living cells. The role of PLC-gamma in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway was addressed by examining the effect of overexpression of PLC-gamma on cellular responses to PDGF. Overexpression of PLC-gamma correlated with PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and with PDGF-induced breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, neither bradykinin- nor lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphoinositide metabolism was enhanced in the transfected cells, suggesting that the G protein-coupled phosphoinositide responses to these ligands are mediated by other PLC isozymes. The enhanced PDGF-induced generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) did not enhance intracellular calcium signaling or influence PDGF-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, enzymes other than PLC-gamma may limit PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis. Alternatively, PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis may use biochemical pathways other than phosphoinositide metabolism for signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margolis, B -- Zilberstein, A -- Franks, C -- Felder, S -- Kremer, S -- Ullrich, A -- Rhee, S G -- Skorecki, K -- Schlessinger, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rorer Biotechnology, King of Prussia, PA 19406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cattle ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Second Messenger Systems/*drug effects ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism
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    A mouse model of the aniridia-Wilms tumor deletion syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Deletion of chromosome 11p13 in humans produces the WAGR syndrome, consisting of aniridia (an absence or malformation of the iris), Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), genitourinary malformations, and mental retardation. An interspecies backcross between Mus musculus/domesticus and Mus spretus was made in order to map the homologous chromosomal region in the mouse genome and to define an animal model of this syndrome. Nine evolutionarily conserved DNA clones from proximal human 11p were localized on mouse chromosome 2 near Small-eyes (Sey), a semidominant mutation that is phenotypically similar to aniridia. Analysis of Dickie's Small-eye (SeyDey), a poorly viable allele that has pleiotropic effects, revealed the deletion of three clones, f3, f8, and k13, which encompass the aniridia (AN2) and Wilms tumor susceptibility genes in man. Unlike their human counterparts, SeyDey/+ mice do not develop nephroblastomas. These findings suggest that the Small-eye defect is genetically equivalent to human aniridia, but that loss of the murine homolog of the Wilms tumor gene is not sufficient for tumor initiation. A comparison among Sey alleles suggests that the AN2 gene product is required for induction of the lens and nasal placodes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glaser, T -- Lane, J -- Housman, D -- 2 T32 GMO7753-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM27882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):823-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aniridia/*genetics ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/analysis ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Eye/embryology/pathology ; Female ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muridae ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Syndrome ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics
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  • 39
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    Thymic epithelium tolerizes for histocompatibility antigens (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-03-23
    Description: The role of thymic epithelium in the establishment of tissue tolerance was analyzed with a murine chimeric system. All T cells differentiated from birth onward in a thymus comprising allogeneic epithelium and syngeneic hematopoietic cells. Embryonic thymic rudiments that contained no hematopoietic cells from C3H (H-2k) donors were grafted to newborn athymic (nude) BALB/c (H-2d) mice. Chimeras that had normal T cell numbers and function rejected third-party skin grafts, but permanently accepted grafts syngeneic to the thymic epithelium. In vitro functional assays did not always correlate with the state of tolerance in vivo. Thus, pure thymic epithelium induces tolerance to histocompatibility antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salaun, J -- Bandeira, A -- Khazaal, I -- Calman, F -- Coltey, M -- Coutinho, A -- Le Douarin, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 23;247(4949 Pt 1):1471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instit d'Embryologie cellulaire et moleculaire du CNRS, College de France, Nogent-sur-Marne.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chimera ; Epithelium/immunology ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Graft Survival/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Thymus Gland/*immunology
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    Broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by the hypervariable neutralizing determinant of HIV-1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-14
    Description: The principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 resides within the V3 loop of the envelope protein. Antibodies elicited by peptides of this region were able to neutralize diverse isolates. Serum from one of three animals immunized with the human T cell lymphoma virus (HTLV)-IIIMN PND peptide, RP142, neutralized MN and the sequence-divergent HTLV-IIIB isolate. Serum from one of three animals immunized with a 13-amino acid IIIB PND peptide (RP337) also neutralized both of these isolates. Characterization of these sera revealed that the cross-neutralizing antibodies bound the amino acid sequence GlyProGlyArgAlaPhe (GPGRAF) that is present in both isolates. This sequence is frequently found in the PNDs analyzed in randomly selected HIV-1 isolates. Sera from two rabbits immunized with a peptide containing only the GPGRAF residues neutralized divergent isolates, including IIIB and MN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Javaherian, K -- Langlois, A J -- LaRosa, G J -- Profy, A T -- Bolognesi, D P -- Herlihy, W C -- Putney, S D -- Matthews, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1703322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Antigens/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Immunization ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Rabbits ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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    Primary structure of the gamma subunit of the DHP-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-27
    Description: Affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies to the gamma subunit of the dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive, voltage-dependent calcium channel have been used to isolate complementary DNAs to the rabbit skeletal muscle protein from an expression library. The deduced primary structure indicates that the gamma subunit is a 25,058-dalton protein that contains four transmembrane domains and two N-linked glycosylation sites, consistent with biochemical analyses showing that the gamma subunit is a glycosylated hydrophobic protein. Nucleic acid hybridization studies indicate that there is a 1200-nucleotide transcript in skeletal muscle but not in brain or heart. The gamma subunit may play a role in assembly, modulation, or the structure of the skeletal muscle calcium channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jay, S D -- Ellis, S B -- McCue, A F -- Williams, M E -- Vedvick, T S -- Harpold, M M -- Campbell, K P -- HL-14388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-37187/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-39265/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 27;248(4954):490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2158672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Calcium Channels/drug effects/physiology ; DNA/isolation & purification ; Dihydropyridines/*pharmacology ; Disulfides ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunoassay ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Muscles/*analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rabbits ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 42
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    Protein splicing converts the yeast TFP1 gene product to the 69-kD subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The TFP1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two proteins: the 69-kilodalton (kD) catalytic subunit of the vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) and a 50-kD protein. The 69-kD subunit is encoded by the 5' and 3' thirds of the TFP1 coding region, whereas the 50-kD protein is encoded by the central third. Evidence is presented that both the 69-kD and 50-kD proteins are obtained from a single translation product that is cleaved to release the 50-kD protein and spliced to form the 69-kD subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kane, P M -- Yamashiro, C T -- Wolczyk, D F -- Neff, N -- Goebl, M -- Stevens, T H -- GM38006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):651-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2146742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Genes, Fungal ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rabbits ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology ; Vacuoles/*enzymology
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    Identification of a specialized adenylyl cyclase that may mediate odorant detection (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: The mammalian olfactory system may transduce odorant information via a G protein-mediated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. A newly discovered adenylyl cyclase, termed type III, has been cloned, and its expression was localized to olfactory neurons. The type III protein resides in the sensory neuronal cilia, which project into the nasal lumen and are accessible to airborne odorants. The enzymatic activity of the type III adenylyl cyclase appears to differ from nonsensory cyclases. The large difference seen between basal and stimulated activity for the type III enzyme could allow considerable modulation of the intracellular cAMP concentration. This property may represent one mechanism of achieving sensitivity in odorant perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakalyar, H A -- Reed, R R -- 5T32CA09339/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1403-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Library ; Glycosylation ; Isoenzymes/genetics/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Neurons, Afferent/enzymology/physiology ; Nose/enzymology/physiology ; *Odors ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction
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    Fibroblast growth factor receptor is a portal of cellular entry for herpes simplex virus type 1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for considerable morbidity in the general population. The results presented herein establish the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor as a means of entry of HSV-1 into vertebrate cells. Inhibitors of basic FGF binding to its receptor and competitive polypeptide antagonists of basic FGF prevented HSV-1 uptake. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that do not express FGF receptors are resistant to HSV-1 entry; however, HSV-1 uptake is dramatically increased in CHO cells transfected with a complementary DNA encoding a basic FGF receptor. The distribution of this integral membrane protein in vivo may explain the tissue and cell tropism of HSV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaner, R J -- Baird, A -- Mansukhani, A -- Basilico, C -- Summers, B D -- Florkiewicz, R Z -- Hajjar, D P -- P01 DK 18811/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD 96601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL 18828/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1410-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2162560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/microbiology ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Simplexvirus/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 45
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    HTLV-I trans-activator protein, tax, is a trans-repressor of the human beta-polymerase gene (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-02
    Description: Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent for adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The HTLV-I trans-activator protein Tax can activate the expression of its own long terminal repeat (LTR) and many cellular and viral genes. Tax down-regulated the expression of human beta-polymerase (hu beta-pol), a cellular enzyme involved in host cell DNA repair. This finding suggests a possible correlation between HTLV-I infection and host chromosomal damage, which is often seen in ATL cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeang, K T -- Widen, S G -- Semmes, O J 4th -- Wilson, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1082-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; DNA Polymerase I/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Trans-Activators/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 46
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    Ligand-induced transformation by a noninternalizing epidermal growth factor receptor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: Identification of a mutant epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor that does not undergo downregulation has provided a genetic probe to investigate the role of internalization in ligand-induced mitogenesis. Contact-inhibited cells expressing this internalization-defective receptor exhibited a normal mitogenic response at significantly lower ligand concentrations than did cells expressing wild-type receptors. A transformed phenotype and anchorage-independent growth were observed at ligand concentrations that failed to elicit these responses in cells expressing wild-type receptors. These findings imply that activation of the protein tyrosine kinase activity at the cell membrane is sufficient for the growth-enhancing effects of EGF. Thus, downregulation can serve as an attenuation mechanism, without which transformation ensues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wells, A -- Welsh, J B -- Lazar, C S -- Wiley, H S -- Gill, G N -- Rosenfeld, M G -- DDK 13149/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DDK 18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):962-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; *Endocytosis ; Enzyme Activation ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Hair analysis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez, F -- Poet, T S -- Watson, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; Hair/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Morphine/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; *Substance Abuse Detection
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  • 48
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    Correction of CD18-deficient lymphocytes by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is an inherited disorder of leukocyte function caused by derangements in CD18 expression. The genetic and functional abnormalities in a lymphocyte cell line from a patient with LAD have been corrected by retrovirus-mediated transduction of a functional CD18 gene. Lymphocytes from patients with LAD were exposed to CD18-expressing retrovirus and enriched for cells that express CD11a and CD18 (LFA-1) on the cell surface. Molecular and functional analyses of these cells revealed (i) one copy of proviral sequence per cell, (ii) viral-directed CD18 RNA that exceeded normal endogenous levels, (iii) normal quantities of CD11a and CD18 protein on the cell surface, and (iv) reconstitution of LFA-1-dependent adhesive function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J M -- Ping, A J -- Krauss, J C -- Mayo-Bond, L -- Rogers, C E -- Anderson, D C -- Todd, R F -- R01 AI19031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI23521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA39064/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD18 ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/immunology ; Cell Aggregation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; *Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Receptors, Leukocyte-Adhesion/genetics/immunology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; *Transfection
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  • 49
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    Autoimmune diseases: the failure of self tolerance (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: The ability to discriminate between self and nonself antigens is vital to the functioning of the immune system as a specific defense against invading microorganisms. Failure of the immune system to "tolerate" self tissues can result in pathological autoimmune states leading to debilitating illness and sometimes death. The induction of autoimmunity involves genetic and environmental factors that have focused the attention of researchers on the trimolecular complex formed by major histocompatibility complex molecules, antigen, and T cell receptors. Detailed molecular characterization of these components points to potential strategies for disease intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, A A -- Lopez, M T -- McDevitt, H O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1380-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Biological Factors/physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cytokines ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology
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    Requirement for cotolerogenic gene products in the clonal deletion of I-E reactive T cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: T cells that express the T cell receptor V beta 5.2 domain react with the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule I-E, and V beta 5.2+ T cells are deleted in mouse strains that express I-E glycoproteins. By examination of genetically defined recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, it was found that the deletion was dependent on the expression of I-E and one of a limited number of non-MHC gene products (cotolerogens). The gene encoding one of these cotolerogens maps to chromosome 12 and is linked to the endogenous provirus Mtv-9. These observations suggest that the I-E-mediated and minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen (Mls)-mediated deletions of alpha beta T cells from the repertoire are similar; both require the expression of a class II MHC glycoprotein and a second non-MHC gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodland, D -- Happ, M P -- Bill, J -- Palmer, E -- AI-22259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-22295/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR-37070/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):964-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1968289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clone Cells ; Gene Expression ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/*immunology ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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    Induction of chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice by the P210bcr/abl gene of the Philadelphia chromosome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: In tumor cells from virtually all patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome, a fusion of chromosomes 9 and 22, directs the synthesis of the P210bcr/abl protein. The protein-tyrosine kinase activity and hybrid structure of P210bcr/abl are similar to the oncogene product of the Abelson murine leukemia virus, P160gag/v-abl, which induces acute lymphomas. To determine whether P210bcr/abl can induce chronic myelogenous leukemia, murine bone marrow was infected with a retrovirus encoding P210bcr/abl and transplanted into irradiated syngeneic recipients. Transplant recipients developed several hematologic malignancies; prominent among them was a myeloproliferative syndrome closely resembling the chronic phase of human chronic myelogenous leukemia. Tumor tissue from diseased mice harbored the provirus encoding P210bcr/abl. These results demonstrate that P210bcr/abl expression can induce chronic myelogenous leukemia. Retrovirus-mediated expression of the protein provides a murine model system for further analysis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daley, G Q -- Van Etten, R A -- Baltimore, D -- 2T 32 GM07753-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- CA38497/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):824-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2406902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/microbiology/pathology ; Cell Line ; DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Experimental/genetics/pathology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/microbiology/pathology ; *Philadelphia Chromosome ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; Transduction, Genetic
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    A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: The alpha chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovats, S -- Main, E K -- Librach, C -- Stubblebine, M -- Fisher, S J -- DeMars, R -- AI-15586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD-24495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P0I HD-24180/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trophoblasts/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/immunology
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    Olfactory recognition: a simple memory system (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Mice have an olfactory (pheromone) recognition memory located at the first relay in the sensory system. It is acquired with one-trial learning, contingent upon norepinephrine activation at mating, and lasts for several weeks. The mechanism involves Hebbian (association-dependent) changes in synaptic efficacy at dendrodendritic synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb. As a result of this memory, males made familiar by mating are recognized by the females, thereby mitigating pregnancy block. Such a memory function is biologically important to the female, as it is required to sustain pregnancy in the presence of her stud male's odors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brennan, P -- Kaba, H -- Keverne, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2147078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; N-Methylaspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; *Pheromones/urine ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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    Autonomous developmental control of human embryonic globin gene switching in transgenic mice (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: The mechanisms by which expression of the beta-like globin genes are developmentally regulated are under intense investigation. The temporal control of human embryonic (epsilon) globin expression was analyzed. A 3.7-kilobase (kb) fragment that contained the entire human epsilon-globin gene was linked to a 2.5-kb cassette of the locus control region (LCR), and the developmental time of expression of this construct was studied in transgenic mice. The human epsilon-globin transgene was expressed in yolk sac-derived primitive erythroid cells, but not in fetal liver or bone marrow-derived definitive erythroid cells. The absence of epsilon gene expression in definitive erythroid cells suggests that the developmental regulation of the epsilon-globin gene depends only on the presence of the LCR and the epsilon-globin gene itself (that is, an autonomous negative control mechanism). The autonomy of epsilon-globin gene developmental control distinguishes it from the competitive mechanism of regulation of gamma and beta-globin genes, and therefore, suggests that at least two distinct mechanisms function in human hemoglobin switching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raich, N -- Enver, T -- Nakamoto, B -- Josephson, B -- Papayannopoulou, T -- Stamatoyannopoulos, G -- DK 3132/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 20899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1147-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/embryology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Fetus/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Liver/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Yolk Sac/cytology
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    Viral etiology of AIDS and the Gallo probe (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cell Line ; Culture Techniques/methods ; HIV-1/classification/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes
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    Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: The mechanism by which a single factor evokes opposite regulatory effects from a specific DNA sequence is not well understood. In this study, a 25-base pair element that resides upstream of the mouse proliferin gene was examined; it conferred on linked promoters either positive or negative glucocorticoid regulation, depending upon physiological context. This sequence, denoted a "composite" glucocorticoid response element (GRE), was bound selectively in vitro both by the glucocorticoid receptor and by c-Jun and c-Fos, components of the phorbol ester-activated AP-1 transcription factor. Indeed, c-Jun and c-Fos served as selectors of hormone responsiveness: the composite GRE was inactive in the absence of c-Jun, whereas it conferred a positive glucocorticoid effect in the presence of c-Jun, and a negative glucocorticoid effect in the presence of c-Jun and relatively high levels of c-Fos. The receptor also interacted selectively with c-Jun in vitro. A general model for composite GRE action is proposed that invokes both DNA binding and protein-protein interactions by receptor and nonreceptor factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, M I -- Miner, J N -- Yoshinaga, S K -- Yamamoto, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1266-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2119054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics/*physiology ; Glucocorticoids/physiology ; Glycoproteins/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Targeting the E1 replication protein to the papillomavirus origin of replication by complex formation with the E2 transactivator (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: The mechanism by which transcription factors stimulate DNA replication in eukaryotes is unknown. Bovine papillomavirus DNA synthesis requires the products of the viral E1 gene and the transcriptional activator protein encoded by the E2 gene. Experimental data showed that the 68-kilodalton (kD) E1 protein formed a complex with the 48-kD E2 transcription factor. This complex bound specifically to the viral origin of replication, which contains multiple binding sites for E2. Repressor proteins encoded by the E2 open reading frame failed to complex with E1 suggesting that the 162-amino acid region of E2 that participates in transactivation contained critical determinants for interaction with E1. The physical association between a replication protein and a transcription factor suggests that transcriptional activator proteins may function in targeting replication initiator proteins to their respective origins of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohr, I J -- Clark, R -- Sun, S -- Androphy, E J -- MacPherson, P -- Botchan, M R -- CA-30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-42414/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1694-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkely 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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    Recognizing self from nonself (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2356462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    The primate hippocampal formation: evidence for a time-limited role in memory storage (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the hippocampal formation and related structures in the medial temporal lobe are important for learning and memory. Retrograde amnesia was studied prospectively in monkeys to understand the contribution of the hippocampal formation to memory function. Monkeys learned to discriminate 100 pairs of objects beginning 16, 12, 8, 4, and 2 weeks before the hippocampal formation was removed (20 different pairs at each time period). Two weeks after surgery, memory was assessed by presenting each of the 100 object pairs again for a single-choice trial. Normal monkeys exhibited forgetting; that is, they remembered recently learned objects better than objects learned many weeks earlier. Monkeys with hippocampal damage were severely impaired at remembering recently learned objects. In addition, they remembered objects learned long ago as well as normal monkeys did and significantly better than they remembered objects learned recently. These results show that the hippocampal formation is required for memory storage for only a limited period of time after learning. As time passes, its role in memory diminishes, and a more permanent memory gradually develops independently of the hippocampal formation, probably in neocortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zola-Morgan, S M -- Squire, L R -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS19063/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):288-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Learning ; Macaca fascicularis/*physiology ; *Memory ; Reference Values ; Time Factors
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    Cell cycle dependence of chloride permeability in normal and cystic fibrosis lymphocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal regulation of epithelial cell chloride channels. Nonepithelial cells, including lymphocytes and fibroblasts, may exhibit a similar defect. Two independent techniques were used to assess the macroscopic chloride permeability (PCl) of freshly isolated B lymphocytes and of B and T lymphocyte cell lines. Values for PCl increased specifically during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and could be further enhanced by increasing intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) or calcium. In lymphocytes from CF patients, regulation of PCl during the cell cycle and by second messengers was absent. Characterization of the cell cycle-dependent expression of the chloride permeability defect in lymphocytes from CF patients increases the utility of these cells in the analysis of the functional consequences of mutations in the CF gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bubien, J K -- Kirk, K L -- Rado, T A -- Frizzell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2162561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/*blood ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Interphase ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Second Messenger Systems ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology
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    Induction by antigen of intrathymic apoptosis of CD4+CD8+TCRlo thymocytes in vivo (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: In order to examine the mechanisms by which clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells occurs, a peptide antigen was used to induce deletion of antigen-reactive thymocytes in vivo. Mice transgenic for a T cell receptor (TCR) that reacts to this peptide contain thymocytes that progress from the immature to the mature phenotype. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide antigen to transgenic mice results in a rapid deletion of the immature CD4+ CD8+ TCRlo thymocytes. Apoptosis of cortical thymocytes can be seen within 20 hours of treatment. These results provide direct evidence for the in vivo role of apoptosis in the development of antigen-induced tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, K M -- Heimberger, A B -- Loh, D Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1720-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2125367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology
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    Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: Regulated expression of bacterial genes allows a pathogen to adapt to new environmental conditions within the host. The synthesis of over 30 Salmonella proteins is selectively induced during infection of macrophages. Two proteins induced by Salmonella are the heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK. Two avirulent, macrophage-sensitive mutants of Salmonella synthesize GroEL and DnaK but fail to synthesize different subsets of proteins normally induced within the macrophage. Enhanced expression of selected Salmonella proteins contributes to bacterial survival within macrophages and may also contribute to the apparent immunodominance of heat shock proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchmeier, N A -- Heffron, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1970672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Cell Line ; Chaperonin 60 ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; *HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Kinetics ; Macrophages/*microbiology ; Molecular Weight ; Salmonella/*physiology
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    Phosphate-methylated DNA aimed at HIV-1 RNA loops and integrated DNA inhibits viral infectivity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: Phosphate-methylated DNA hybridizes strongly and specifically to natural DNA and RNA. Hybridization to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA leads to site-selective blocking of replication and transcription. Phosphate-methylated DNA was used to interrupt the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both antisense and sense phosphate-methylated DNA 20-nucleotide oligomers, targeted at the transactivator responsive region and the primer binding site, caused complete inhibition of viral infectivity at a low concentration. Hybridization of phosphate-methylated DNA with folded and unfolded RNA was studied by ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combined results of hybridization studies and biological experiments suggest that the design of effective antisense phosphate-methylated DNA should focus on hairpin loop structures in the viral RNA. For sense systems, the 5' end of the integrated viral genome is considered to be the important target site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, H M -- Koole, L H -- van Genderen, M H -- Smit, L -- Geelen, J L -- Jurriaans, S -- Goudsmit, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/genetics ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon/genetics ; *DNA Probes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; HIV-1/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Indicators and Reagents ; Methylation ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Thermodynamics ; Virulence/genetics
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    Tolerance in transgenic mice expressing major histocompatibility molecules extrathymically on pancreatic cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Transgenic mice with defined expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins provide novel systems for understanding the fundamental question of T cell tolerance to nonlymphoid self components. The MHC class II I-E and I-A and class I H-2K molecules expressed specifically on pancreatic islet or acinar cells serve as model self antigens. In these systems, transgenic proteins are not detected in the thymus or other lymphoid tissues. Yet mice are tolerant to the pancreatic MHC products in vivo; this tolerance is not induced by clonal deletion. These studies have been aided by monoclonal antibodies specific for I-E-reactive T cells and indicate that clonal anergy may be an important mechanism of tolerance to peripheral proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burkly, L C -- Lo, D -- Flavell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1364-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogen Incorporated, 14 Cambridge Center, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1694042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    Different tumor-derived p53 mutants exhibit distinct biological activities (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-10-05
    Description: In its wild-type form, the protein p53 can interfere with neoplastic processes. Tumor-derived cells often express mutant p53. Full-length mutant forms of p53 isolated so far from transformed mouse cells exhibit three common properties in vitro: loss of transformation-suppressing activity, gain of pronounced transforming potential, and ability to bind the heat shock protein cognate hsc70. A tumor-derived mouse p53 variant is now described, whose site of mutation corresponds to a hot spot for p53 in human tumors. While absolutely nonsuppressing, it is only weakly transforming and exhibits no detectable hsc70 binding. The data suggest that the ability of a p53 mutant to bind endogenous p53 is not the sole determinant of its oncogenic potential. The data also support the existence of gain-of-function p53 mutants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halevy, O -- Michalovitz, D -- Oren, M -- R01 CA40099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 5;250(4977):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Mice ; *Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*genetics/physiology
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    Prenylated proteins: the structure of the isoprenoid group (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The mevalonate-derived portion of a prenylated protein from Chinese hamster ovary cells has been established as diterpenoid (C20). This group is linked to a carboxyl-terminal cysteine as a thioether. It was removed from the protein by hydrazinolysis followed by Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting hydrocarbon fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rilling, H C -- Breunger, E -- Epstein, W W -- Crain, P F -- GM 29812/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):318-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Diterpenes/*metabolism ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Ovary ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*metabolism
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    Cell-adhesive motif in region II of malarial circumsporozoite protein (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The segment of the malarial circumsporozoite (CS) protein designated Region II is highly conserved among different malarial species. A similar sequence is also present in several other proteins, including thrombospondin, properdin, and a blood-stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. By means of peptides synthesized from sequences of the Plasmodium vivax CS protein in the vicinity of Region II, it was found that two overlapping 18- to 20-amino acid peptides promoted the adhesion of a variety of human hematopoietic cell lines. The amino acid sequence valine-threonine-cysteineglycine (VTCG), contained within this common motif, was shown to be the critical sequence for the observed cell-adhesive properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rich, K A -- George, F W 4th -- Law, J L -- Martin, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2120774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/*genetics ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Plasmodium vivax/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics ; Thiocyanates
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    Prevention of HIV-1 infection and preservation of CD4 function by the binding of CPFs to gp120 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is initiated when its envelope protein, gp120, binds to its receptor, the cell surface glycoprotein CD4. Small molecules, termed N-carbomethoxycarbonyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl benzyl esters (CPFs), blocked this binding. CPFs interacted with gp120 and did not interfere with the binding of CD4 to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. One CPF isomer, CPF(DD), preserved CD4-dependent T cell function while inhibiting HIV-1 infection of H9 tumor cells and human T cells. Although the production of viral proteins in infected T cells is unaltered by CPF(DD), this compound prevents the spread of infection in an in vitro model system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finberg, R W -- Diamond, D C -- Mitchell, D B -- Rosenstein, Y -- Soman, G -- Norman, T C -- Schreiber, S L -- Burakoff, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):287-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2115689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*immunology ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Genes, MHC Class II ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology ; HIV-1/drug effects/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Tumor resistance to alkylating agents conferred by mechanisms operative only in vivo (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-03-23
    Description: EMT-6 murine mammary tumors were made resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), carboplatin, cyclophosphamide (CTX), or thiotepa in vivo by treatment of tumor-bearing animals with the drug during a 6-month period. In spite of high levels of in vivo resistance, no significant resistance was observed when the cells from these tumors were exposed to the drugs in vitro. The pharmacokinetics of CDDP and CTX were altered in animals bearing the respective resistant tumors. The resistance of all tumor lines except for the EMT-6/thiotepa decreased during 3 to 6 months in vivo passage in the absence of drugs. These results indicate that very high levels of resistance to anticancer drugs can develop through mechanisms that are expressed only in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teicher, B A -- Herman, T S -- Holden, S A -- Wang, Y Y -- Pfeffer, M R -- Crawford, J W -- Frei, E 3rd -- P01-CA38497/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 23;247(4949 Pt 1):1457-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2108497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylating Agents/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Carboplatin ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organoplatinum Compounds/therapeutic use ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis ; Thiotepa/therapeutic use ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Stimulation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 membrane association by epidermal growth factor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells elicited a redistribution of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) from a predominantly cytosolic localization to membrane fractions. The temporal coincidence of this redistribution with EGF stimulation of inositol phosphate formation and EGF increased phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 suggests that the membrane association of PLC-gamma 1 is a significant event in second messenger transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todderud, G -- Wahl, M I -- Rhee, S G -- Carpenter, G -- CA24071/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07347/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AM07491/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):296-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2374928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/enzymology ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Phosphopeptides/isolation & purification ; Protein Binding ; Trypsin ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
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    Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents programmed death in erythroid progenitor cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: The mechanism by which erythropoietin controls mammalian erythrocyte production is unknown. Labeling experiments in vitro with [3H]thymidine demonstrated DNA cleavage in erythroid progenitor cells that was accompanied by DNA repair and synthesis. Erythropoietin reduced DNA cleavage by a factor of 2.6. In the absence of erythropoietin, erythroid progenitor cells accumulated DNA cleavage fragments characteristic of those found in programmed cell death (apoptosis) by 2 to 4 hours and began dying by 16 hours. In the presence of erythropoietin, the progenitor cells survived and differentiated into reticulocytes. Thus, apoptosis is a major component of normal erythropoiesis, and erythropoietin controls erythrocyte production by retarding DNA breakdown and preventing apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koury, M J -- Bondurant, M C -- DK 31513/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA/biosynthesis/*drug effects/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Erythrocyte Aging/drug effects ; Erythroid Precursor Cells/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Erythropoietin/*pharmacology ; Friend murine leukemia virus ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute ; Mice ; Molecular Weight
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    Dissociation of gp120 from HIV-1 virions induced by soluble CD4 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: The CD4 antigen is the high affinity cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Binding of recombinant soluble CD4 (sCD4) or the purified V1 domain of sCD4 to the surface glycoprotein gp120 on virions resulted in rapid dissociation of gp120 from its complex with the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. This may represent the initial stage in virus-cell and cell-cell fusion. Shedding of gp120 from virions induced by sCD4 may also contribute to the mechanism by which these soluble receptor molecules neutralize HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, J P -- McKeating, J A -- Weiss, R A -- Sattentau, Q J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1139-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/metabolism ; HIV-1/*metabolism ; Virion/*metabolism
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    An insulin-stimulated protein kinase similar to yeast kinases involved in cell cycle control (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: A protein kinase characterized by its ability to phosphorylate microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), is thought to be an early intermediate in an insulin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and in a variety of other mammalian cell responses to extracellular signals. A complementary DNA that encodes this protein serine-threonine kinase has been cloned, and the protein designated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). ERK1 has striking similarity to two protein kinases, KSS1 and FUS3, from yeast. The yeast kinases function in an antagonistic manner to regulate the cell cycle in response to mating factors. Thus, ERK1 and the two yeast kinases constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved enzymes involved in regulating the response of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boulton, T G -- Yancopoulos, G D -- Gregory, J S -- Slaughter, C -- Moomaw, C -- Hsu, J -- Cobb, M H -- DK 01918/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 34128/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):64-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2164259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Central Nervous System/*enzymology ; DNA/*genetics ; Fibroblasts/enzymology ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Yeasts/enzymology
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    A cytoplasmic protein inhibits the GTPase activity of H-Ras in a phospholipid-dependent manner (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-16
    Description: A cytoplasmic protein has been identified that inhibits the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of bacterially synthesized, cellular H-Ras protein. This GTPase inhibiting protein is able to counteract the activity of GTPase activating protein (GAP), which has been postulated to function as a negative regulator of Ras activity. The potential biological importance of the GTPase inhibiting protein is further supported by its interaction with lipids. Phospholipids produced in cells as a consequence of mitogenic stimulation increase the activity of the GTPase inhibiting protein, as well as inhibit the activity of GAP. The interaction of such lipids with each of these two regulatory proteins would, therefore, tend to increase the biological activity of Ras and stimulate cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, M H -- Yu, C L -- Stacey, D W -- CA 48662/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):982-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation 44195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Mice ; Phospholipids/*pharmacology ; Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*antagonists & inhibitors ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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    Increased activity of calcium leak channels in myotubes of Duchenne human and mdx mouse origin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: Elevated free Ca2+ concentrations found in adult dystrophic muscle fibers result in enhanced protein degradation. Since the difference in concentrations may reflect differences in entry, Ca2+ leak channels in cultures of normal and Duchenne human myotubes, and normal and mdx murine myotubes, have been identified and characterized. The open probability of leak channels is markedly increased in dystrophic myotubes. Other channel properties, such as mean open times, single channel conductance, ion selectivity, and behavior in the presence of pharmacological agents, were similar among myotube types. Compared to the Ca2+ concentrations in normal human and normal mouse myotubes, intracellular resting free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in myotubes of Duchenne and mdx origin were significantly higher at a time when dystrophin is first expressed in normal tissue. Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased open probability of Ca2+ leak channels contributes to the elevated free intracellular Ca2+ concentration in Duchenne human and mdx mouse myotubes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fong, P Y -- Turner, P R -- Denetclaw, W F -- Steinhardt, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):673-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Dystrophin/genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/*metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*metabolism ; Nifedipine/pharmacology
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    Tumorigenicity in human melanoma cell lines controlled by introduction of human chromosome 6 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: Chromosome banding analysis of human malignant melanoma has documented the nonrandom alteration of chromosome 6. To determine the relevance of chromosome 6 abnormalities in melanoma, a normal chromosome 6 was directly introduced into melanoma cell lines. The resulting (+6) microcell hybrids were significantly altered in their phenotypic properties in culture and lost their ability to form tumors in nude mice. The loss of the chromosome 6 from melanoma microcell hybrids resulted in the reversion to tumorigenicity of these cells in mice. The introduction of the selectable marker (psv2neo) alone into melanoma cell lines had no effect on tumorigenicity. These results support the idea that one or more genes on chromosome 6 may control the malignant expression of human melanoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trent, J M -- Stanbridge, E J -- McBride, H L -- Meese, E U -- Casey, G -- Araujo, D E -- Witkowski, C M -- Nagle, R B -- CA-19104/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-23074/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA-29476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson 85724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology ; Karyotyping ; Melanoma/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Inhibition of leishmanias but not host macrophages by the antitubulin herbicide trifluralin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: The dinitroaniline herbicide trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), at micromolar concentrations, selectively inhibited both proliferation and differentiation of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. In vitro, radioactive trifluralin showed specific binding to leishmania tubulin but not to mammalian tubulin. Because herbicides such as trifluralin are economical and are considered safe for man and domesticated animals, they may serve as useful sources of potential antiparasitic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, M M -- Fong, D -- AI 21364/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 49359/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):924-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Leishmania mexicana/drug effects/*growth & development ; Macrophages/drug effects/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Toluidines/*pharmacology ; Trifluralin/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Tubulin/metabolism ; *Tubulin Modulators ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology/drug effects
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    Cloning and expression of a developmentally regulated protein that induces mitogenic and neurite outgrowth activity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: A heparin binding mitogenic protein isolated from bovine uterus shares NH2-terminal amino acid sequence with a protein isolated from newborn rat brain. The cDNA's of the bovine, human, and rat genes have been isolated and encode extraordinarily conserved proteins unrelated to known growth or neurotrophic factors, although identity of nearly 50 percent has been found with the predicted sequence of a retinoic acid induced transcript in differentiating mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Lysates of COS-7 cells transiently expressing this protein were mitogenic for NRK cells and initiated neurite outgrowth from mixed cultures of embryonic rat brain cells. RNA transcripts encoding this protein were widely distributed in tissues and were developmentally regulated. This protein, previously designated as heparin binding growth factor (HBGF)-8, is now renamed pleiotrophin (PTN) to reflect its diverse activities. PTN may be the first member of a family of developmentally regulated cytokines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Y S -- Milner, P G -- Chauhan, A K -- Watson, M A -- Hoffman, R M -- Kodner, C M -- Milbrandt, J -- Deuel, T F -- CA49712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL14147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL31102/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1690-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytokines/*genetics ; Humans ; Mitogens/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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  • 79
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    Structural mutations of the T cell receptor zeta chain and its role in T cell activation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: T cell hybridomas that express zeta zeta, but not zeta eta, dimers in their T cell receptors (TCRs) produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and undergo an inhibition of spontaneous growth when activated by antigen, antibodies to the receptor, or antibodies to Thy-1. Hybridomas without zeta and eta were reconstituted with mutated zeta chains. Cytoplasmic truncations of up to 40% of the zeta molecule reconstituted normal surface assembly of TCRs, but antigen-induced IL-2 secretion and growth inhibition were lost. In contrast, cross-linking antibodies to the TCR activated these cells. A point mutation conferred the same signaling phenotype as did the truncations and caused defective antigen-induced tyrosine kinase activation. Thus zeta allows the binding of antigen/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to alpha beta to effect TCR signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, S J -- Niklinska, B B -- Orloff, D G -- Mercep, M -- Ashwell, J D -- Klausner, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):174-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2371564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/*immunology ; Precipitin Tests ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
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  • 80
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    Rhodopsin mutants that bind but fail to activate transducin (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-05
    Description: Rhodopsin is a member of a family of receptors that contain seven transmembrane helices and are coupled to G proteins. The nature of the interactions between rhodopsin mutants and the G protein, transduction (Gt), was investigated by flash photolysis in order to monitor directly Gt binding and dissociation. Three mutant opsins with alterations in their cytoplasmic loops bound 11-cis-retinal to yield pigments with native rhodopsin absorption spectra, but they failed to stimulate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of Gt. The opsin mutations included reversal of a charged pair conserved in all G protein-coupled receptors at the cytoplasmic border of the third transmembrane helix (mutant CD1), replacement of 13 amino acids in the second cytoplasmic loop (mutant CD2), and deletion of 13 amino acids from the third cytoplasmic loop (mutant EF1). Whereas mutant CD1 failed to bind Gt, mutants CD2 and EF1 showed normal Gt binding but failed to release Gt in the presence of guanosine triphosphate. Therefore, it appears that at least the second and third cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin are required for activation of bound Gt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franke, R R -- Konig, B -- Sakmar, T P -- Khorana, H G -- Hofmann, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 5;250(4977):123-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chromosome Deletion ; Micelles ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Photolysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism ; Transducin/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 81
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    Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-31
    Description: Chemicals that induce cancer at high doses in animal bioassays often fail to fit the traditional characterization of genotoxins. Many of these nongenotoxic compounds (such as sodium saccharin) have in common the property that they increase cell proliferation in the target organ. A biologically based, computerized description of carcinogenesis was used to show that the increase in cell proliferation can account for the carcinogenicity of nongenotoxic compounds. The carcinogenic dose-response relationship for genotoxic chemicals (such as 2-acetylaminofluorene) was also due in part to increased cell proliferation. Mechanistic information is required for determination of the existence of a threshold for the proliferative (and carcinogenic) response of nongenotoxic chemicals and the estimation of risk for human exposure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, S M -- Ellwein, L B -- CA28015/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA32513/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36727/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1007-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2204108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Acetylaminofluorene/metabolism/toxicity ; Animals ; Carcinogens/pharmacology/*toxicity ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Mice ; Mitotic Index/drug effects ; Rats ; Saccharin/toxicity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced
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  • 82
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    Enhancement of SIV infection with soluble receptor molecules (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-02
    Description: The CD4 receptor on human T cells has been shown to play an integral part in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection process. Recombinant soluble human CD4 (rCD4) was tested for its ability to inhibit SIVagm, an HIV-like virus that naturally infects African green monkeys, in order to define T cell surface receptors critical for SIVagm infection. The rCD4 was found to enhance SIVagm infection of a human T cell line by as much as 18-fold, whereas HIV-1 infection was blocked by rCD4. Induction of syncytium formation and de novo protein synthesis were observed within the first 24 hours after SIVagm infection, whereas this process took 4 to 6 days in the absence of rCD4. This enhancing effect could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed to rCD4. The enhancing effect could be abrogated with antibodies from naturally infected African green monkeys with inhibitory titers of from 1:2,000 to 1:10,000; these antibodies did not neutralize SIVagm infection in the absence of rCD4. Viral enhancement of SIVagm infection by rCD4 may result from the modulation of the viral membrane through gp120-CD4 binding, thus facilitating secondary events involved in viral fusion and penetration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Strauss, J -- Buck, D W -- 1RO1-AI28273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5UO1-AI26462/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1084-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*physiology ; Autoradiography ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Densitometry ; Humans ; Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Retroviridae Proteins/biosynthesis ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology
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  • 83
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    Secretion of neurotoxins by mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV-1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-14
    Description: Mononuclear phagocytes (microglia, macrophages, and macrophage-like giant cells) are the principal cellular targets for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Since HIV-1 does not directly infect neurons, the causes for CNS dysfunction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain uncertain. HIV-1-infected human monocytoid cells, but not infected human lymphoid cells, released toxic agents that destroy chick and rat neurons in culture. These neurotoxins were small, heat-stable, protease-resistant molecules that act by way of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Macrophages and microglia infected with HIV-1 may produce neurologic disease through chronic secretion of neurotoxic factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giulian, D -- Vaca, K -- Noonan, C A -- NS 25637/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1593-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2148832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Culture Media/analysis ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Intermediate Filaments ; Lymphocytes/microbiology/physiology ; Macrophages/microbiology/physiology ; Monocytes/microbiology/physiology ; N-Methylaspartate/*analogs & derivatives ; Neuroglia/microbiology/physiology ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Phagocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology
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  • 84
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    Poliovirus mutants resistant to neutralization with soluble cell receptors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-14
    Description: Poliovirus mutants resistant to neutralization with soluble cellular receptor were isolated. Replication of soluble receptor-resistant (srr) mutants was blocked by a monoclonal antibody directed against the HeLa cell receptor for poliovirus, indicating that the mutants use this receptor to enter cells. The srr mutants showed reduced binding to HeLa cells and cell membranes. However, the reduced binding phenotype did not have a major impact on viral replication, as judged by plaque size and one-step growth curves. These results suggest that the use of soluble receptors as antiviral agents could lead to the selection of neutralization-resistant mutants that are able to bind cell surface receptors, replicate, and cause disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaplan, G -- Peters, D -- Racaniello, V R -- AI20017/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1596-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2177226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; Baculoviridae/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; DNA/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Insects ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliovirus/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/physiology ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
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  • 85
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    Transmembrane helical interactions and the assembly of the T cell receptor complex (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Studies of the subunit interactions of the multicomponent T cell antigen receptor (TCR) revealed that specific pairs of chains have the ability to assemble after transfection into fibroblasts. For one such pair, TCR-alpha and CD3-delta, their ability to assemble was encoded by their transmembrane domains. The specificity of this interaction suggests that well-defined helical interactions in the membrane can explain the assembly of some multichain membrane complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manolios, N -- Bonifacino, J S -- Klausner, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):274-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2142801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Codon/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 86
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    Pseudotypes in HIV-infected mice (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCune, J M -- Namikawa, R -- Shih, C C -- Rabin, L -- Kaneshima, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1152-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2174574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Containment of Biohazards ; *Disease Models, Animal ; HIV/*genetics/pathogenicity ; HIV Infections/*microbiology ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*microbiology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Phenotype
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  • 87
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    Antibodies to clathrin inhibit endocytosis but not recycling to the trans Golgi network in vitro (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: Mannose 6-phosphate receptors carry newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes from the trans Golgi network (TGN) to prelysosomes and then return to the TGN to carry out another round of lysosomal enzyme delivery. Although clathrin-coated vesicles mediate the export of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from the TGN, nothing is known about the transport vesicles used to carry these receptors back to the TGN. Two different in vitro assays used in this study show that an antibody that interferes with clathrin assembly blocks receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin, but has no effect on the recycling of the 300-kilodalton mannose 6-phosphate receptor from prelysosomes to the TGN. These results suggest that the transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from prelysosomes to the TGN does not involve clathrin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Draper, R K -- Goda, Y -- Brodsky, F M -- Pfeffer, S R -- DK 37332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 34297/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 38093/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1539-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Biological Transport ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Clathrin/*immunology ; Endocytosis/*immunology ; Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Lysosomes/enzymology/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Receptor, IGF Type 2 ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Transferrin/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 88
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    Activation of proto-oncogenes: an immediate early event in human cytomegalovirus infection (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: A rapid increase in the RNA levels of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc was detected after human cytomegalovirus infection. Neither inactivation of viral infectivity with ultraviolet irradiation (with or without psoralen), nor inhibition of translation with cycloheximide or anisomycin adversely affected the enhanced expression of proto-oncogenes, even though these treatments substantially reduced or eliminated the detection of immediate early viral antigens. The increase in the RNA levels of the proto-oncogenes was prevented in the presence of alpha-amanitin or actinomycin D. Thus, expression of these oncogenes appears to be induced by events occurring before the onset of viral protein synthesis, perhaps by the interaction of viral particles with the cell surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boldogh, I -- AbuBakar, S -- Albrecht, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):561-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cytomegalovirus/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lung ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 89
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    Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: The role of the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded antigens in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury has not been defined because of the absence of appropriate experimental models. HBV envelope transgenic mice were used to show that HBV-encoded antigens are expressed at the hepatocyte surface in a form recognizable by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a dominant T cell epitope within the major envelope polypeptide and by envelope-specific antibodies. Both interactions led to the death of the hepatocyte in vivo, providing direct evidence that hepatocellular injury in human HBV infection may also be immunologically mediated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moriyama, T -- Guilhot, S -- Klopchin, K -- Moss, B -- Pinkert, C A -- Palmiter, R D -- Brinster, R L -- Kanagawa, O -- Chisari, F V -- CA34635/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA38635/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA40489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):361-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1691527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Epitopes/immunology ; Hepatitis B/*immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Liver/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Simian virus 40 ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: In a pedigree derived from a mouse treated with the mutagen ethylnitrosourea, a mutation has been identified that predisposes to spontaneous intestinal cancer. The mutant gene was found to be dominantly expressed and fully penetrant. Affected mice developed multiple adenomas throughout the entire intestinal tract at an early age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moser, A R -- Pitot, H C -- Dove, W F -- CA07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50585/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/complications/*genetics ; Alleles ; Anemia/complications/genetics ; Animals ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; Intestinal Neoplasms/complications/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred AKR ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; *Mutation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Direct measurement of forces between linear polysaccharides xanthan and schizophyllan (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: Direct osmotic stress measurements have been made of forces between helices of xanthan, an industrially important charged polysaccharide. Exponentially decaying hydration forces, much like those already measured between lipid bilayer membranes or DNA double helices, dominate the interactions at close separation. Interactions between uncharged schizophyllans also show the same kind of hydration force seen between xanthans. In addition to the practical possibilities for modifying solution and suspension properties through recognition and control of molecular forces, there is now finally the opportunity for theorists to relate macroscopic properties of a polymer solution to the microscopic properties that underlie them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rau, D C -- Parsegian, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2144663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbohydrate Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Gels ; *Glycosaminoglycans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmosis ; *Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; *Sizofiran ; Solutions ; Viscosity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Common features of protein unfolding and dissolution of hydrophobic compounds (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: Protein unfolding and the dissolution of hydrophobic compounds (including solids, liquids, and gases) in water are characterized by a linear relation between entropy change and heat capacity change. The same slope is found for various classes of compounds, whereas the intercept depends on the particular class. The feature common to these processes is exposure of hydrophobic groups to water. These observations make possible the assignment of the heat capacity change to hydrophobic solvation and lead to the description of protein stability in terms of a hydrophobic and a nonhydrophobic contribution. A general representation of protein stability is given by the heat capacity change and the temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, K P -- Privalov, P L -- Gill, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Protein Denaturation ; *Proteins ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer within the human T cell receptor delta locus (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-09
    Description: The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) delta gene is located within the TCR alpha locus. A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer, distinct from the TCR alpha enhancer, has been identified within the J delta 3-C delta intron of the human T cell receptor delta gene. This enhancer activates transcription from the V delta 1 and V delta 3 promoters as well as from heterologous promoters. Enhancer activity has been localized to a 250-bp region that contains multiple binding sites for nuclear proteins. Thus, transcriptional control of the TCR delta and TCR alpha genes is mediated by distinct regulatory elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redondo, J M -- Hata, S -- Brocklehurst, C -- Krangel, M S -- R01-GM41052/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 9;247(4947):1225-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2156339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Rearrangement ; Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Suppression of tumorigenicity of human prostate carcinoma cells by replacing a mutated RB gene (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: Introduction of a normal retinoblastoma gene (RB) into retinoblastoma cells was previously shown to suppress several aspects of their neoplastic phenotype, including tumorigenicity in nude mice, thereby directly demonstrating a cancer suppression function of RB. To explore the possibility of a similar activity in a common adult tumor, RB expression was examined in three human prostate carcinoma cell lines. One of these, DU145, contained an abnormally small protein translated from an RB messenger RNA transcript that lacked 105 nucleotides encoded by exon 21. To assess the functional consequences of this mutation, normal RB expression was restored in DU145 cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Cells that maintained stable exogenous RB expression lost their ability to form tumors in nude mice, although their growth rate in culture was apparently unaltered. These results suggest that RB inactivation can play a significant role in the genesis of a common adult neoplasm and that restoration of normal RB-encoded protein in tumors could have clinical utility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bookstein, R -- Shew, J Y -- Chen, P L -- Scully, P -- Lee, W H -- 5758/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):712-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; *Suppression, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 95
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    Transport protein genes in the murine MHC: possible implications for antigen processing (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: T lymphocyte activation requires recognition by the T cell of peptide fragments of foreign antigen bound to a self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. Genetic evidence suggests that part of the class II region of the MHC influences the expression, in trans, of MHC class I antigens on the cell surface, by regulating the availability of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I molecule. Two closely related genes in this region, HAM1 and HAM2, were cloned and had sequence similarities to a superfamily of genes involved in the ATP-dependent transport of a variety of substrates across cell membranes. Thus, these MHC-linked transport protein genes may be involved in transporting antigen, or peptide fragments thereof, from the cytoplasm into a membrane-bounded compartment containing newly synthesized MHC molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monaco, J J -- Cho, S -- Attaya, M -- GM38774/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0678.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Recognition of a peptide antigen by heat shock--reactive gamma delta T lymphocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: Small synthetic peptides that correspond to different portions of the 65-kilodalton mycobacterial heat shock protein (Hsp65) were used to identify a putative antigenic epitope for gamma delta cells. Weaker gamma delta responses to the equivalent portion of the autologous homolog, mouse Hsp63, were also seen. The stimulatory epitope overlaps with an epitope recognized by arthritogenic alpha beta T cell clones. The data suggest that gamma delta cells have a role in autoimmune disorders and imply that these cells recognize ligands by a mechanism similar to that of alpha beta T lymphocytes, that is, in the form of small processed protein fragments bound to antigen-presenting molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Born, W -- Hall, L -- Dallas, A -- Boymel, J -- Shinnick, T -- Young, D -- Brennan, P -- O'Brien, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes/*analysis ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*immunology ; Hybridomas ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium/immunology ; Peptide Fragments/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Shared actions of endotoxin and taxol on TNF receptors and TNF release (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts profound effects on mammalian hosts in part by inducing macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); the mechanisms involved are unresolved. The microtubule stabilizer taxol shared two actions of LPS on macrophages: it rapidly decreased TNF-alpha receptors and triggered TNF-alpha release. Both actions of taxol were absent in LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. In recombinant inbred mice, the genes controlling responses to LPS and to taxol were closely linked. Dexamethasone blocked release of TNF-alpha by both stimuli but did not block the decrease in TNF-alpha receptors. Thus, a protein associated with microtubules may be a cellular target of LPS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, A H -- Porteu, F -- Sanchez, E -- Nathan, C F -- CA-43610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):370-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1970196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/*pharmacology ; Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Paclitaxel ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Inhibition of T cell receptor expression and function in immature CD4+CD8+ cells by CD4 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Most immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes express only a small number of T cell receptor (TCR) molecules on their surface, and the TCR molecules they do express are only marginally capable of transducing intracellular signals. TCR expression and function was not intrinsically low in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, but was found to be actively inhibited by CD4-mediated signals. Indeed, release of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes from CD4-mediated signals resulted in significant increases in both TCR expression and signaling function. These results suggest that, in CD4+CD8+ cells developing in the thymus, increased TCR expression and function requires release from CD4-mediated inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakayama, T -- June, C H -- Munitz, T I -- Sheard, M -- McCarthy, S A -- Sharrow, S O -- Samelson, L E -- Singer, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1558-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2120773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/*immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Regulation of alloreactivity in vivo by a soluble form of the interleukin-1 receptor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: In vitro studies have shown that cytokines are involved in the regulation of the immune response, but their role in vivo is less well defined. Specific cytokine antagonists enable the identification of particular cytokines involved in the response and offer a means for modifying it. Systemic administration of a soluble, extracellular portion of the receptor for interleukin-1 (sIL-1R) had profound inhibitory effects on the development of in vivo alloreactivity. Survival of heterotopic heart allografts was prolonged from 12 days in controls to 17 days in mice treated with sIL-1R. Lymph node hyperplasia in response to a localized injection of allogeneic cells was completely blocked by sIL-1R treatment. The inhibition was overcome by simultaneous administration of interleukin-1 (IL-1); thus, sIL-1R acts by neutralizing IL-1. These results implicate IL-1 as a regulator of allograft rejection and demonstrate the in vivo biological efficacy of a soluble cytokine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fanslow, W C -- Sims, J E -- Sassenfeld, H -- Morrissey, P J -- Gillis, S -- Dower, S K -- Widmer, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2139736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Graft Rejection ; *Graft Survival ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Heart Transplantation/*immunology ; Immunosuppression ; Interleukin-1/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1 ; Transplantation, Heterotopic ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 100
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    Retroviral DNA integration directed by HIV integration protein in vitro (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Efficient retroviral growth requires integration of a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome into a chromosome of the host. As a first step in analyzing the mechanism of integration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA, a cell-free system was established that models the integration reaction. The in vitro system depends on the HIV integration (IN) protein, which was partially purified from insect cells engineered to express IN protein in large quantities. Integration was detected in a biological assay that scores the insertion of a linear DNA containing HIV terminal sequences into a lambda DNA target. Some integration products generated in this assay contained five-base pair duplications of the target DNA at the recombination junctions, a characteristic of HIV integration in vivo; the remaining products contained aberrant junctional sequences that may have been produced in a variation of the normal reaction. These results indicate that HIV IN protein is the only viral protein required to insert model HIV DNA sequences into a target DNA in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushman, F D -- Fujiwara, T -- Craigie, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1555-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2171144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell-Free System ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; HIV/*enzymology/genetics ; Insect Viruses/genetics ; Integrases ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Restriction Mapping
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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