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  • Articles  (652)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (652)
  • Female  (489)
  • Cells, Cultured  (175)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (652)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994  (652)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • Science. 247(4939): 209-12.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4940): 318-20.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4940): 322-4.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4940): 327-9.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4940): 338-42.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4941): 456-9.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4941): 470-3.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4942): 522.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4943): 620-2.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4943): 718-21.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4944): 836-8.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4944): 854-8.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4945): 909.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4945): 967-9.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4947): 1166.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4948): 1328-30.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4949 Pt 1): 1385-6.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4949 Pt 1): 1446-51.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4949 Pt 1): 1454-7.  (1)
  • Science. 247(4949 Pt 1): 1477-9.  (1)
  • 25
Collection
  • Articles  (652)
Source
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (652)
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (652)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
Years
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
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    Breast cancer: two steps closer to understanding (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Female primatologists confer--without men (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dusheck, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1494-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; United States ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Contributions of two types of calcium channels to synaptic transmission and plasticity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: In Aplysia sensory and motor neurons in culture, the contributions of the major classes of calcium current can be selectively examined while transmitter release and its modulation are examined. A slowly inactivating, dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium current does not contribute either to normal synaptic transmission or to any of three different forms of plasticity: presynaptic inhibition, homosynaptic depression, and presynaptic facilitation. This current does contribute, however, to a fourth form of plasticity--modulation of transmitter release by tonic depolarization of the sensory neuron. By contrast, a second calcium current, which is rapidly inactivating and dihydropyridine-insensitive, contributes to release elicited by the transient depolarization of an action potential and to the other three forms of plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edmonds, B -- Klein, M -- Dale, N -- Kandel, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1142-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University College of London, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2174573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dihydropyridines/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; FMRFamide ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Neuropeptides/pharmacology ; Nifedipine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The dominant W42 spotting phenotype results from a missense mutation in the c-kit receptor kinase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-12
    Description: The murine white spotting locus (W) is allelic with the proto-oncogene c-kit, which encodes a transmembrane tyrosine protein kinase receptor for an unknown ligand. Mutations at the W locus affect various aspects of hematopoiesis and the proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells and melanoblasts during development to varying degrees of severity. The W42 mutation has a particularly severe effect in both the homozygous and the heterozygous states. The molecular basis of the W42 mutation was determined. The c-kit protein products in homozygous mutant mast cells were expressed normally but displayed a defective tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant complementary DNAs revealed a missense mutation that replaces aspartic acid with asparagine at position 790 in the c-kit protein product. Aspartic acid-790 is a conserved residue in all protein kinases. These results provide an explanation for the dominant nature of the W42 mutation and provide insight into the mechanism of c-kit-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan, J C -- Nocka, K -- Ray, P -- Traktman, P -- Besmer, P -- P01-CA-16599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA-32926/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):209-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Homozygote ; Liver/analysis/cytology/embryology ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; *Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; RNA/analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Acceleration of diabetes in young NOD mice with a CD4+ islet-specific T cell clone (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop an autoimmune form of diabetes, becoming hyperglycemic after 3 months of age. This process was accelerated by injecting young NOD mice with CD4+ islet-specific T cell clones derived from NOD mice. Overt diabetes developed in 10 of 19 experimental animals by 7 weeks of age, with the remaining mice showing marked signs of the disease in progress. Control mice did not become diabetic and had no significant pancreatic infiltration. This work demonstrates that a CD4 T cell clone is sufficient to initiate the disease process in the diabetes-prone NOD mouse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haskins, K -- McDuffie, M -- P01 DK40144/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2205920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: The vast repertoire of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors is generated, in part, by V(D)J recombination, a series of genomic rearrangements that occur specifically in developing lymphocytes. The recombination activating gene, RAG-1, which is a gene expressed exclusively in maturing lymphoid cells, was previously isolated. RAG-1 inefficiently induced V(D)J recombinase activity when transfected into fibroblasts, but cotransfection with an adjacent gene, RAG-2, has resulted in at least a 1000-fold increase in the frequency of recombination. The 2.1-kilobase RAG-2 complementary DNA encodes a putative protein of 527 amino acids whose sequence is unrelated to that of RAG-1. Like RAG-1, RAG-2 is conserved between species that carry out V(D)J recombination, and its expression pattern correlates precisely with that of V(D)J recombinase activity. In addition to being located just 8 kilobases apart, these convergently transcribed genes are unusual in that most, if not all, of their coding and 3' untranslated sequences are contained in single exons. RAG-1 and RAG-2 might activate the expression of the V(D)J recombinase but, more likely, they directly participate in the recombination reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oettinger, M A -- Schatz, D G -- Gorka, C -- Baltimore, D -- GM39458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dogs ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Opossums ; Proteins/*genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Turtles ; VDJ Recombinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A Y -- Devaux, B -- Green, A -- Sagerstrom, C -- Elliott, J F -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD55 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Complement Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Requirement of ets-2 expression for Xenopus oocyte maturation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: A molecular clone of the Xenopus laevis ets-2 gene was isolated from an oocyte complementary DNA library. The amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) in each oocyte or embryo was almost constant during oogenesis and was maintained until the blastula stage of embryonic development, indicating that the observed 3.2-kilobase transcript is a maternal message. The only normal adult tissue in which ets-2 mRNA was detected was the ovary. Injection of antisense oligonucleotides homologous to the ets-2 sequence into oocytes led to degradation of the mRNA and blocked hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown. The ets-2 product is thus required for the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Z Q -- Burdett, L A -- Seth, A K -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Genetic differences in the ethanol sensitivity of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Animal lines selected for differences in drug sensitivity can be used to help determine the molecular basis of drug action. Long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice differ markedly in their genetic sensitivity to ethanol. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, mRNA from brains of LS and SS mice was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the ethanol sensitivity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)- and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated ion channels was tested. Ethanol facilitated GABA responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from LS mice but antagonized responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from SS animals. Ethanol inhibited NMDA responses equally in the two lines. Thus, genes coding for the GABAA receptor or associated proteins may be critical determinants of individual differences in ethanol sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wafford, K A -- Burnett, D M -- Dunwiddie, T V -- Harris, R A -- AA03527/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA06399/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microinjections ; N-Methylaspartate ; Oocytes/*drug effects/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects/*genetics ; Xenopus ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronnett, G V -- Hester, L D -- Nye, J S -- Connors, K -- Snyder, S H -- DA 00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Brain Diseases/*pathology ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/analysis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    "Pure" human hematopoietic progenitors: permissive action of basic fibroblast growth factor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Methodology has been developed that enables virtually complete purification and abundant recovery of early hematopoietic progenitors from normal human adult peripheral blood. A fraction of the pure progenitors is multipotent (generates mixed colonies) and exhibits self-renewal capacity (gives rise to blast cell colonies). This methodology provides a fundamental tool for basic and clinical studies on hematopoiesis. Optimal in vitro cloning of virtually pure progenitors requires not only the stimulatory effect of interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin, but also the permissive action of basic fibroblast growth factor. These findings suggest a regulatory role for this growth factor in early hematopoiesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabbianelli, M -- Sargiacomo, M -- Pelosi, E -- Testa, U -- Isacchi, G -- Peschle, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1561-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*pharmacology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-3/pharmacology ; Monocytes/*cytology/drug effects ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Direct interaction of a ligand for the erbB2 oncogene product with the EGF receptor and p185erbB2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The erbB2 oncogene encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane protein whose sequence is similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A 30-kilodalton factor (gp30) secreted from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was shown to be a ligand for p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. In two cell lines that overexpress erbB2 but do not expresss EGFR (MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had been transfected with erbB2), phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was induced only by gp30. The gp30 specifically inhibited the growth of cells that overexpressed p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR had no effect on the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell colony formation obtained with gp30. Thus, it appeared that gp30 interacted directly with the EGFR and erbB2. Direct binding of gp30 to p185erbB2 was confirmed by binding competition experiments, where gp30 was found to displace the p185erbB2 binding of a specific antibody to p185erbB2. The evidence described here suggests that gp30 is a ligand for p185erbB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupu, R -- Colomer, R -- Zugmaier, G -- Sarup, J -- Shepard, M -- Slamon, D -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 13
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    All-women conference: did it discriminate? (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galloway, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2078250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Prejudice ; Science ; United States ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Identity of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with lipocortin III (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: The amino acid sequences of three fragments of cyanogen bromide-digested human placental inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are identical to sequences within lipocortin III, a member of a family of homologous calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins that do not have defined physiological functions. Lipocortin III has also been previously identified as placental anticoagulant protein III (PAP III) and calcimedin 35 alpha. Antibodies to PAP III detected PAP III and inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with identical reactivity on immunoblotting. In addition, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase was stimulated by the same acidic phospholipids that bind lipocortins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, T S -- Tait, J F -- Majerus, P W -- HLBI 14147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 16634/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 40801/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2159184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Annexin A3 ; Annexins ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Placenta/*enzymology ; Pregnancy
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  • 15
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    Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Somatic mutations in a subset of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors convert the gene for the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha s) of Gs into a putative oncogene, termed gsp. These mutations, which activate alpha s by inhibiting its guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, are found in codons for either of two amino acids, each of which is completely conserved in all known G protein alpha chains. The likelihood that similar mutations would activate other G proteins prompted a survey of human tumors for mutations that replace either of these two amino acids in other G protein alpha chain genes. The first gene so far tested, which encodes the alpha chain of Gi2, showed mutations that replaced arginine-179 with either cysteine or histidine in 3 of 11 tumors of the adrenal cortex and 3 of 10 endocrine tumors of the ovary. The mutant alpha i2 gene is a putative oncogene, referred to as gip2. In addition, gsp mutations were found in 18 of 42 GH-secreting pituitary tumors and in an autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. These findings suggest that human tumors may harbor oncogenic mutations in various G protein alpha chain genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyons, J -- Landis, C A -- Harsh, G -- Vallar, L -- Grunewald, K -- Feichtinger, H -- Duh, Q Y -- Clark, O H -- Kawasaki, E -- Bourne, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Cetus Corporation, Emeryville CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2116665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Endocrine System Diseases/*genetics ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; *Oncogenes ; Pituitary Neoplasms/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
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  • 16
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    Characterization of naturally occurring minor histocompatibility peptides including H-4 and H-Y (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens can be peptides derived from cellular proteins that are presented on the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This is similar to viral antigens, because in both cases cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize artificially produced peptides loaded on target cells. Naturally processed minor H peptides were found to be similar to those artificial CTL-epitopes, as far as size and hydrophobicity is concerned. The peptides studied were isolated from a transfectant that expressed a model CTL-defined antigen, beta-galactosidase, from male cells that express H-Y, which has been known operationally since 1955, and from cells that express H-4, known since 1961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotzschke, O -- Falk, K -- Wallny, H J -- Faath, S -- Rammensee, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):283-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Epitopes/isolation & purification ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/*analysis/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/*analysis/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Recovery of mitogenic activity of a growth factor mutant with a nuclear translocation sequence (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Heparin-binding growth factor-1 (HBGF-1) is an angiogenic polypeptide mitogen for mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro and remains biologically active after truncation of the amino-terminal domain (HBGF-1 alpha) of the HBGF-1 beta precursor. Polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis and prokaryotic expression systems were used to prepare a mutant of HBGF-1 alpha lacking a putative nuclear translocation sequence (amino acid residues 21 to 27; HBGF-1U). Although HBGF-1U retains its ability to bind to heparin, HBGF-1U fails to induce DNA synthesis and cell proliferation at concentrations sufficient to induce intracellular receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos expression. Attachment of the nuclear translocation sequence from yeast histone 2B at the amino terminus of HBGF-1U yields a chimeric polypeptide (HBGF-1U2) with mitogenic activity in vitro and indicates that nuclear translocation is important for this biological response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imamura, T -- Engleka, K -- Zhan, X -- Tokita, Y -- Forough, R -- Roeder, D -- Jackson, A -- Maier, J A -- Hla, T -- Maciag, T -- HL 32348/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 35627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1699274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cattle ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 18
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    Zebrafish as developmental models (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity ; Zebrafish/genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Psychological responses after abortion (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: A review of methodologically sound studies of the psychological responses of U.S. women after they obtained legal, nonrestrictive abortions indicates that distress is generally greatest before the abortion and that the incidence of severe negative responses is low. Factors associated with increased risk of negative response are consistent with those reported in research on other stressful life events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adler, N E -- David, H P -- Major, B N -- Roth, S H -- Russo, N F -- Wyatt, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):41-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced/*psychology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; *Pregnant Women ; Risk Assessment ; Social Support ; United States
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  • 20
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    Gerontology research comes of age (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Life Expectancy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Effect of phospholipase C-gamma overexpression on PDGF-induced second messengers and mitogenesis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the phosphorylation of the gamma isozyme of PLC (PLC-gamma) in vitro and in living cells. The role of PLC-gamma in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway was addressed by examining the effect of overexpression of PLC-gamma on cellular responses to PDGF. Overexpression of PLC-gamma correlated with PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and with PDGF-induced breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, neither bradykinin- nor lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphoinositide metabolism was enhanced in the transfected cells, suggesting that the G protein-coupled phosphoinositide responses to these ligands are mediated by other PLC isozymes. The enhanced PDGF-induced generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) did not enhance intracellular calcium signaling or influence PDGF-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, enzymes other than PLC-gamma may limit PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis. Alternatively, PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis may use biochemical pathways other than phosphoinositide metabolism for signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margolis, B -- Zilberstein, A -- Franks, C -- Felder, S -- Kremer, S -- Ullrich, A -- Rhee, S G -- Skorecki, K -- Schlessinger, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rorer Biotechnology, King of Prussia, PA 19406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cattle ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Second Messenger Systems/*drug effects ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 22
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    T cells responsive to myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: Gene mutation in vivo in human T lymphocytes appears to occur preferentially in dividing cells. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are assumed to have one or more populations of diving T cells that are being stimulated by autoantigens. Mutant T cell clones from MS patients were isolated and tested for reactivity to myelin basic protein, an antigen that is thought to participate in the induction of the disease. The hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) clonal assay was used to determine mutant frequency values in MS patients with chronic progressive disease. Eleven of 258 thioguanine-resistant (hprt-) T cell clones from five of the six MS patients who were tested proliferated in response to human myelin basic protein without prior in vitro exposure to this antigen. No wild-type clones from these patients, nor any hprt- or wild-type clones from three healthy individuals responded to myelin basic protein. Thus, T cell clones that react with myelin basic protein can be isolated from the peripheral blood of MS patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allegretta, M -- Nicklas, J A -- Sriram, S -- Albertini, R J -- CA30688-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS00849/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Cell Division ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/genetics/*immunology ; Mutation ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Thioguanine/pharmacology ; X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Experts clash over cancer data (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):900-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; United States
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  • 24
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    Smokers: black and white (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneiderman, M -- Davis, D L -- Wagener, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2374921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Prevalence ; Smoking/*epidemiology ; United States
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  • 25
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    A mouse model of the aniridia-Wilms tumor deletion syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Deletion of chromosome 11p13 in humans produces the WAGR syndrome, consisting of aniridia (an absence or malformation of the iris), Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), genitourinary malformations, and mental retardation. An interspecies backcross between Mus musculus/domesticus and Mus spretus was made in order to map the homologous chromosomal region in the mouse genome and to define an animal model of this syndrome. Nine evolutionarily conserved DNA clones from proximal human 11p were localized on mouse chromosome 2 near Small-eyes (Sey), a semidominant mutation that is phenotypically similar to aniridia. Analysis of Dickie's Small-eye (SeyDey), a poorly viable allele that has pleiotropic effects, revealed the deletion of three clones, f3, f8, and k13, which encompass the aniridia (AN2) and Wilms tumor susceptibility genes in man. Unlike their human counterparts, SeyDey/+ mice do not develop nephroblastomas. These findings suggest that the Small-eye defect is genetically equivalent to human aniridia, but that loss of the murine homolog of the Wilms tumor gene is not sufficient for tumor initiation. A comparison among Sey alleles suggests that the AN2 gene product is required for induction of the lens and nasal placodes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glaser, T -- Lane, J -- Housman, D -- 2 T32 GMO7753-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM27882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):823-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aniridia/*genetics ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/analysis ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Eye/embryology/pathology ; Female ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muridae ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Syndrome ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics
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  • 26
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    Requirement for activin A and transforming growth factor--beta 1 pro-regions in homodimer assembly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-16
    Description: Many proteins are initially synthesized as part of a large precursor. The role of the pro-region in the biosynthesis of transforming growth factor--beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and activin A, two structurally related disulfide-linked homodimers synthesized as large precursors, was studied. Vectors that expressed either the pro-region or the mature regions of these molecules were used in complementation experiments, only when the pro-region was coexpressed with the mature region did intracellular dimerization and secretion of biologically active homodimers occur. The pro-regions of activin A and TGF-beta 1, therefore, aid the folding, disulfide bond formation, and export of their respective homodimers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, A M -- Mason, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 16;247(4948):1328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2315700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activins ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Humans ; Inhibins/*biosynthesis/ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factors/*biosynthesis
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  • 27
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    Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
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    Reproductive behavior and health in consanguineous marriages (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: In many regions of Asia and Africa, consanguineous marriages currently account for approximately 20 to 50% of all unions, and preliminary observations indicate that migrants from these areas continue to contract marriages with close relatives when resident in North America and Western Europe. Consanguinity is associated with increased gross fertility, due at least in part to younger maternal age at first livebirth. Morbidity and mortality also may be elevated, resulting in comparable numbers of surviving offspring in consanguineous and nonconsanguineous families. With advances in medicine and public health, genetic disorders will account for an increased proportion of disease worldwide. Predictably, this burden will fall more heavily on countries and communities in which consanguinity is strongly favored, as the result of the expression of deleterious recessive genes. However, studies conducted in such populations indicate that the adverse effects associated with inbreeding are experienced by a minority of families.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bittles, A H -- Mason, W M -- Greene, J -- Rao, N A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):789-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉King's College, University of London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; *Consanguinity ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Infertility ; Marriage ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Regression Analysis ; Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
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    Breast cancer: stalemate in the war on cancer (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1719-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*economics/prevention & control/therapy ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    A phosphorylation site in the Na+ channel required for modulation by protein kinase C (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for generation of action potentials in excitable cells. Activation of protein kinase C slows inactivation of sodium channels and reduces peak sodium currents. Phosphorylation of a single residue, serine 1506, that is located in the conserved intracellular loop between domains III and IV and is involved in inactivation of the sodium channel, is required for both modulatory effects. Mutant sodium channels lacking this phosphorylation site have normal functional properties in unstimulated cells but do not respond to activation of protein kinase C. Phosphorylation of this conserved site in sodium channel alpha subunits may regulate electrical activity in a wide range of excitable cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J W -- Numann, R -- Murphy, B J -- Scheuer, T -- Catterall, W A -- GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS15751/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS25704/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):866-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Sodium Channels/metabolism/*physiology
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    Split anergy in a CD8+ T cell: receptor-dependent cytolysis in the absence of interleukin-2 production (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Engagement of the antigen-specific receptor (TCR) of CD4+ T lymphocytes without a second (costimulatory) signal prevents the subsequent production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by these cells. Because IL-2 is a key immunoregulatory lymphokine and is also produced by a subset of CD8+ T cells that are able to kill target cells, the effect of engaging the TCR of one such clone in the absence of costimulatory signals was examined. The capacity for TCR-dependent IL-2 production was lost, indicating comparable costimulator-dependent signaling requirements for IL-2 production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, TCR-mediated cytotoxicity was not impaired, implying that costimulation is required for only certain TCR-dependent effector functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otten, G R -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology/radiation effects ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Molecular nature of the Drosophila sex determination signal and its link to neurogenesis (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: In 1921 it was discovered that the sexual fate of Drosophila is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes. Only recently has it been found that the X chromosome to autosome (X:A) ratio is communicated in part by the dose of sisterless-b (sis-b), an X-linked genetic element located within the achaete-scute complex of genes involved in neurogenesis. In this report, the molecular nature of the primary sex determination signal and its relation to these proneural genes was determined by analysis of sis-b+ germline transformants. The sis-b+ function is confered by protein T4, a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Although T4 is shared by sis-b and scute-alpha, the regulatory regions of sis-b, which control T4 expression in sex determination, are both separable from and simpler than those of scute-alpha, which control T4 expression in neurogenesis. Dose-sensitive cooperative interactions in the assembly or binding of sis-dependent transcription factors may directly determine the activity of the female-specific promoter of Sex-lethal, the master regulator of sexual development. In this model there is no need to invoke the existence of analogous autosomal negative regulators of Sex-lethal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, J W -- Cline, T W -- GM 23468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1071-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genes, Lethal ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Restriction Mapping ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/physiology
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    Viruses in human cancers (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-22
    Description: Viruses may contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: indirectly by inducing immunosuppression or by modifying the host cell genome without persistence of viral DNA; directly by inducing oncoproteins or by altering the expression of host cell proteins at the site of viral DNA integration. Human cancers associated with papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus infections are responsible for approximately 15 percent of the worldwide cancer incidence. Cancer of the cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma account for about 80 percent of virus-linked cancers. Because experimental and epidemiologic data imply a causative role for viruses, particularly in cervical and liver cancer, viruses must be thought of as the second most important risk factor for cancer development in humans, exceeded only by tobacco consumption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉zur Hausen, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1167-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1659743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anus Neoplasms/microbiology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/microbiology ; Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/microbiology ; Liver Neoplasms/microbiology ; Neoplasms/*microbiology ; *Oncogenic Viruses ; Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity
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    Function of the homeodomain protein GHF1 in pituitary cell proliferation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: Mutations that cause pituitary dwarfism in the mouse reside in the gene encoding the transcription factor growth hormone factor 1 (GHF1 or pit1). These dwarf mice (dw and dwJ) are deficient in growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) synthesis and exhibit pituitary hypoplasia, suggesting a stem cell defect. With antisense oligonucleotide technology, a cell culture model of this genetic defect was developed. Specific inhibition of GHF1 synthesis by complementary oligonucleotides led to a marked decrease in GH and PRL expression and to a marked decrease in proliferation of somatotrophic cell lines. These results provide direct evidence that the homeodomain protein GHF1 is required not only for the establishment and maintenance of the differentiated phenotype but for cell proliferation as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castrillo, J L -- Theill, L E -- Karin, M -- DK38527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):197-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1677216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Dwarfism/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pituitary Gland/*cytology/physiology ; Prolactin/genetics ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Improvements seen for RU-486 abortions (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maurice, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):198, 200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; Female ; Humans ; Internationality ; Mifepristone/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; *Risk Assessment
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    Exchange of conduction pathways between two related K+ channels (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: The structure of the ion conduction pathway or pore of voltage-gated ion channels is unknown, although the linker between the membrane spanning segments S5 and S6 has been suggested to form part of the pore in potassium channels. To test whether this region controls potassium channel conduction, a 21-amino acid segment of the S5-S6 linker was transplanted from the voltage-activated potassium channel NGK2 to another potassium channel DRK1, which has very different pore properties. In the resulting chimeric channel, the single channel conductance and blockade by external and internal tetraethylammonium (TEA) ion were characteristic of the donor NGK2 channel. Thus, this 21-amino acid segment controls the essential biophysical properties of the pore and may form the conduction pathway of these potassium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, H A -- Kirsch, G E -- Drewe, J A -- Taglialatela, M -- Joho, R H -- Brown, A M -- NS08805/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23877/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28407/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2000495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/physiology ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Oocytes/physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Rats ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Xenopus
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    Selective activation of the B natriuretic peptide receptor by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-05
    Description: The natriuretic peptides are hormones that can stimulate natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant activity in vivo, presumably through the activation of two known cell surface receptor guanylyl cyclases (ANPR-A and ANPR-B). Although atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and, to a lesser extent, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are efficient activators of the ANPR-A guanylyl cyclase, neither hormone can significantly stimulate ANPR-B. A member of this hormone family, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), potently and selectively activated the human ANPR-B guanylyl cyclase. CNP does not increase guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in cells expressing human ANPR-A. The affinity of CNP for ANPR-B is 50- or 500-fold higher than ANP or BNP, respectively. This ligand-receptor pair may be involved in the regulation of fluid homeostasis by the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koller, K J -- Lowe, D G -- Bennett, G L -- Minamino, N -- Kangawa, K -- Matsuo, H -- Goeddel, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Humans ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction
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    Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: National, longitudinal surveys from Great Britain and the United States were used to investigate the effects of divorce on children. In both studies, a subsample of children who were in two-parent families during the initial interview (at age 7 in the British data and at ages 7 to 11 in the U.S. data) were followed through the next interview (at age 11 and ages 11 to 16, respectively). At both time points in the British data, parents and teachers independently rated the children's behavior problems, and the children were given reading and mathematics achievement tests. At both time points in the U.S. data, parents rated the children's behavior problems. Children whose parents divorced or separated between the two time points were compared to children whose families remained intact. For boys, the apparent effect of separation or divorce on behavior problems and achievement at the later time point was sharply reduced by considering behavior problems, achievement levels, and family difficulties that were present at the earlier time point, before any of the families had broken up. For girls, the reduction in the apparent effect of divorce occurred to a lesser but still noticeable extent once preexisting conditions were considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherlin, A J -- Furstenberg, F F Jr -- Chase-Lansdale, L -- Kiernan, K E -- Robins, P K -- Morrison, D R -- Teitler, J O -- HD25936/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Divorce/*psychology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; United States
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    Name of the game? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 6;253(5024):1075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethics, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories/organization & administration ; Male ; Research Support as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct ; United States
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    Fatal sibling aggression, precocial development, and androgens in neonatal spotted hyenas (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: Fatal neonatal sibling aggression is common in predatory birds but has not been previously reported in wild mammals. Spotted hyena females are strongly masculinized, both anatomically and behaviorally, apparently by high levels of androgens during ontogeny. Neonates display elevated androgen levels, precocial motor development, and fully erupted front teeth. Litters are usually twins, and siblings fight violently at birth, apparently leading to the death of one sibling in same-sex litters, whereas in mixed-sex litters both siblings usually survive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, L G -- Glickman, S E -- Licht, P -- MH39917/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):702-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Androgens/*blood ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Carnivora/*physiology ; Dentition ; Female ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Sibling Relations ; Tooth Eruption/physiology
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    Oh, for a normal brain! (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autopsy ; Brain/anatomy & histology/pathology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values
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    Biology and homosexuality (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
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    Another sex survey bites the dust (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control ; United States
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    FISHing cuts the angst in amniocentesis (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):378-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    Phosphorylation of c-Src on tyrosine 527 by another protein tyrosine kinase (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The protein tyrosine kinase activity of the cellular Src protein is negatively regulated by phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 527 (Tyr527). It has not been established whether this regulatory modification of Src is mediated by autophosphorylation or by another cellular protein kinase. The phosphorylation of a modified form of c-Src that lacks kinase activity was examined in mouse cells that do not express endogenous Src (because of the targeted disruption of both src alleles). Phosphorylation of the inactive form of Src on Tyr527 occurred to a similar extent in cells lacking endogenous Src as it did in cells expressing Src. Therefore, Tyr527 phosphorylation, and thus negative control of Src kinase activity, is mediated by another cellular protein tyrosine kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, J E -- Soriano, P -- Brugge, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1719633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyanogen Bromide ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Mice ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphopeptides/isolation & purification ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/*metabolism ; *Tyrosine
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    Feminist group dissents on RU-486 use for abortion (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Induced ; Female ; Humans ; Mifepristone/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 47
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    Whom do yew trust? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langreth, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1676541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/*isolation & purification/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*isolation & purification ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Oregon ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Paclitaxel ; Trees ; United States
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  • 48
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    Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by NMDA receptor activation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptors, plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. After NMDA receptor activation, calcium entry into the postsynaptic neuron is a critical initial event. However, the subsequent mechanisms by which the NMDA receptor signal is processed are incompletely understood. Stimulation of cultured rat hippocampal cells with glutamate resulted in the rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of a 39-kilodalton protein (p39). Tyrosine phosphorylation of p39 was triggered by the NMDA receptor and required an influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium. Because p39 was found to be highly related or identical to the microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase, the NMDA receptor signal may be processed by a sequential activation of protein kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bading, H -- Greenberg, M E -- CA 43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):912-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1715095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism ; Immunoblotting ; Kinetics ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Unraveling the genetics of fragile X syndrome (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Research on animals: unforseen benefits (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma/diagnosis ; *Research ; Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnosis
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    The brain as "sexual organ" (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Corpus Callosum/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 52
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    Abortion stirs the neuroscience gumbo (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Louisiana ; *Neurology ; Pregnancy ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
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  • 53
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    A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: The anterior hypothalamus of the brain participates in the regulation of male-typical sexual behavior. The volumes of four cell groups in this region [interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH) 1, 2, 3, and 4] were measured in postmortem tissue from three subject groups: women, men who were presumed to be heterosexual, and homosexual men. No differences were found between the groups in the volumes of INAH 1, 2, or 4. As has been reported previously, INAH 3 was more than twice as large in the heterosexual men as in the women. It was also, however, more than twice as large in the heterosexual men as in the homosexual men. This finding indicates that INAH is dimorphic with sexual orientation, at least in men, and suggests that sexual orientation has a biological substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeVay, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Chiasm/anatomy & histology ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
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  • 54
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    Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: A link is found between T wave alternans and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation, and a new approach is provided for quantification of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Complex demodulation reveals that alternation of the electrocardiogram is concentrated during the first half of the T wave, coinciding with the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, there are marked increases in the degree of T wave alternans that parallel the established time course of changes in vulnerability. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis is also accurately detected. Ultimately, complex demodulation of the electrocardiogram could provide a technique for identification and management of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nearing, B D -- Huang, A H -- Verrier, R L -- HL-33567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Fibrillation/*physiopathology
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    Is homosexuality biological? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 30;253(5023):956-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology
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  • 56
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    Sexism charged by Stanford physician (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Female ; Humans ; *Neurosurgery ; *Prejudice ; Schools, Medical ; *Women
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  • 57
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    Using immunity to block conception (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1998115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contraception/*methods ; Egg Proteins/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Spermatozoa/immunology ; Vaccines
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    Regulation of transendothelial neutrophil migration by endogenous interleukin-8 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: Movement of neutrophils from the bloodstream to inflamed tissue depends on the activation of both the neutrophil and the endothelial cell. Endothelial cells lining the postcapillary venule respond to proinflammatory mediators by expressing adhesion molecules and synthesizing a variety of neutrophil-activating factors. Endothelial cell production of a 77-amino acid variant of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was found to be a requirement for the invasion of neutrophils through a vessel wall model. IL-8 secreted by cytokine- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells induced the rapid shedding of neutrophil lectin adhesion molecule-1, the up-regulation of leukocyte beta 2 integrins, and the attachment and transmigration of the neutrophils. Thus, endogenous endothelial IL-8 regulates transvenular traffic during acute inflammatory responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, A R -- Kunkel, S L -- Todd, R F 3rd -- Weiss, S J -- CA 39064/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 28024/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1718038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD18 ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; E-Selectin ; Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Integrins/metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Interleukin-8/genetics/*physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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  • 59
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    Increased osteoclast development after estrogen loss: mediation by interleukin-6 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: Osteoclasts, the cells that resorb bone, develop from hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow under the control of factors produced in their microenvironment. The cytokine interleukin-6 can promote hematopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. Interleukin-6 production by bone and marrow stromal cells is suppressed by 17 beta-estradiol in vitro. In mice, estrogen loss (ovariectomy) increased the number of colony-forming units for granulocytes and macrophages, enhanced osteoclast development in ex vivo cultures of marrow, and increased the number of osteoclasts in trabecular bone. These changes were prevented by 17 beta-estradiol or an antibody to interleukin-6. Thus, estrogen loss results in an interleukin-6-mediated stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, which suggests a mechanism for the increased bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jilka, R L -- Hangoc, G -- Girasole, G -- Passeri, G -- Williams, D C -- Abrams, J S -- Boyce, B -- Broxmeyer, H -- Manolagas, S C -- AI21761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR41313/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA36464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-6/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Osteoclasts/*cytology/drug effects ; *Ovariectomy ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Spleen/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects
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  • 60
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    High probability opening of NMDA receptor channels by L-glutamate (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-01-24
    Description: Synaptic plasticity can be triggered by calcium flux into neurons through synaptically activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels. The amplitude and time course of the resulting intracellular calcium transient depend on the number of open NMDA receptor channels and the kinetics of their activation. Short applications of L-glutamate to outside-out patches from hippocampal neurons in the presence and absence of MK-801 revealed that about 30 percent of L-glutamate-bound channels are open at the peak of the current. This high probability of opening suggests that very few channels are required to guarantee a large, localized postsynaptic calcium transient.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jahr, C E -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute L474, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Glutamates/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology
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  • 61
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    Centriole duplication in lysates of Spisula solidissima oocytes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: A cell-free system has been developed that executes centriole duplication. Surf clam (Spisula solidissima) oocytes, arrested at late prophase of meiosis I, do not contain centrioles, centrosomes, or asters. Serial section high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) of asters and spindles isolated from potassium chloride-activated oocytes indicates that within 4 minutes oocytes assemble a single centriole that is duplicated by 15 minutes when assembly of the first meiotic spindle is complete. A mixture of lysates from unactivated oocytes and potassium chloride-activated oocytes induces centriole formation and duplication. Astral microtubule content in these lysate mixtures increases with time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palazzo, R E -- Vaisberg, E -- Cole, R W -- Rieder, C L -- R01-40198/PHS HHS/ -- R01-43264/PHS HHS/ -- RR 01219/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia ; Cell-Free System ; Centrioles/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Meiosis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oocytes/cytology/*ultrastructure ; Prophase ; Tubulin/analysis
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    NIH wrestles with furor over conference (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Crime ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Male ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; *Violence
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    Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission from infected patients to health-care workers has been well documented, but transmission from an infected health-care worker to a patient has not been reported. After identification of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient who had no known risk factors for HIV infection but who had undergone an invasive procedure performed by a dentist with AIDS, six other patients of this dentist were found to be HIV-infected. Molecular biologic studies were conducted to complement the epidemiologic investigation. Portions of the HIV proviral envelope gene from each of the seven patients, the dentist, and 35 HIV-infected persons from the local geographic area were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Three separate comparative genetic analyses--genetic distance measurements, phylogenetic tree analysis, and amino acid signature pattern analysis--showed that the viruses from the dentist and five dental patients were closely related. These data, together with the epidemiologic investigation, indicated that these patients became infected with HIV while receiving care from a dentist with AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Ciesielski, C A -- Myers, G -- Bandea, C I -- Luo, C C -- Korber, B T -- Mullins, J I -- Schochetman, G -- Berkelman, R L -- Economou, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1165-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/microbiology/*transmission ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/blood/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Dentistry ; Female ; Florida ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections/microbiology/*transmission ; HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/physiology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; *Patients ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics
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    Requirement for the adenovirus type 9 E4 region in production of mammary tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-07
    Description: Oncogenic viruses demonstrating a strict tropism for the mammary gland provide special opportunities to study the susceptibility of this tissue to neoplasia. In rats, human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) elicits mammary fibroadenomas that are similar to common breast tumors in women, as well as phyllodes-like tumors and mammary sarcomas. By constructing recombinant adenoviruses between Ad9 and Ad26 (a related nontumorigenic virus), it was shown that the Ad9 E4 region was absolutely required to produce these mammary tumors. This indicates that an adenovirus gene located outside the classic transforming region (E1) can significantly influence the in vivo oncogenicity of an adenovirus. Consistent with a direct role in mammary gland oncogenesis, the Ad9 E4 region also exhibited transforming properties in vitro. Therefore, the Ad9 E4 region is a viral oncogene specifically involved in mammary gland tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Javier, R -- Raska, K Jr -- Shenk, T -- CA 21196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 41086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA09528/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1267-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred WF ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: Colorectal (CR) tumors are usually curable if detected before metastasis. Because genetic alterations are associated with the development of these tumors, mutant genes may be found in the stool of individuals with CR neoplasms. The stools of nine patients whose tumors contained mutations of K-ras were analyzed. In eight of the nine cases, the ras mutations were detectable in DNA purified from the stool. These patients included those with benign and malignant neoplasms from proximal and distal colonic epithelium. Thus, colorectal tumors can be detected by a noninvasive method based on the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidransky, D -- Tokino, T -- Hamilton, S R -- Kinzler, K W -- Levin, B -- Frost, P -- Vogelstein, B -- CA06973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA35494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology
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    Minority health. NIH spells out plans for a $45 million initiative (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Minority Groups ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Chondroitin sulfate as a regulator of neuronal patterning in the retina (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-07
    Description: Highly sulfated proteoglycans are correlated with axon boundaries in the developing central nervous system which suggests that these molecules affect neural pattern formation. In the developing mammalian retina, gradual regression of chondroitin sulfate may help control the onset of ganglion cell differentiation and initial direction of their axons. Changes induced by the removal of chondroitin sulfate from intact retinas in culture confirm the function of chondroitin sulfate in retinal histogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brittis, P A -- Canning, D R -- Silver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1738848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Lyases/pharmacology ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/pharmacology ; Chondroitin Sulfates/analysis/*physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Retina/chemistry/cytology/*embryology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Tubulin/analysis
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    Changes in the sensory processing of olfactory signals induced by birth in sheep (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: After giving birth, sheep and many other species form a selective bond with their offspring based on the sense of smell. Processing of olfactory signals is altered to allow the animals to perform this selective recognition. Lamb odors have little effect on either neurotransmitter release or electrical activity of neurons in the olfactory bulb before birth. However, after birth there is an increase in the number of mitral cells, the principal cells of the olfactory bulb, that respond to lamb odors, which is associated with increased cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter release. Selective recognition of lambs is accompanied by increased activity of a subset of mitral cells and release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the dendrodendritic synapses between the mitral and granule cells. The relation between the release of each transmitter after birth also suggests an increased efficacy of glutamate-evoked GABA release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kendrick, K M -- Levy, F -- Keverne, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):833-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Glutamates/secretion ; Labor, Obstetric ; *Maternal Behavior ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/*physiology ; Olfactory Nerve/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Regression Analysis ; Sheep ; *Smell ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/secretion
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    Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-28
    Description: Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequences from the V3 and V4-V5 regions of the envelope gene were analyzed from three mother-infant pairs. The infants' viral sequences were less diverse than those of their mothers. In two pairs, a proviral form infrequently found in the mother predominated in her infant. A conserved N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region, present in each mother's sequence set, was absent in all of the infants' sequence sets. These findings demonstrate that a minor subset of maternal virus is transmitted to the infant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolinsky, S M -- Wike, C M -- Korber, B T -- Hutto, C -- Parks, W P -- Rosenblum, L L -- Kunstman, K J -- Furtado, M R -- Munoz, J L -- AI-32535/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD26619-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01-25569/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/congenital/microbiology/*transmission ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; HIV Antigens/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment
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    A multifunctional aqueous channel formed by CFTR (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-27
    Description: The cystic fibrosis gene product (CFTR) is a complex protein that functions as an adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated ion channel and possibly as a regulator of intracellular processes. In order to determine whether the CFTR molecule contains a functional aqueous pathway, anion, water, and urea transport were measured in Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR. Cyclic AMP agonists induced a Cl- conductance of 94 microsiemens and an increase in water permeability of 4 x 10(-4) centimeter per second that was inhibited by a Cl- channel blocker and was dependent on anion composition. CFTR has a calculated single channel water conductance of 9 x 10(-13) cubic centimeter per second, suggesting a pore-like aqueous pathway. Oocytes expressing CFTR also showed cAMP-stimulated transport of urea but not the larger solute sucrose. Thus CFTR contains a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore that can transport anions, water, and small solutes. The results also provide functional evidence for water movement through an ion channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasegawa, H -- Skach, W -- Baker, O -- Calayag, M C -- Lingappa, V -- Verkman, A S -- DK35124/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK43840/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL42368/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1477-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Urea/metabolism ; Water/metabolism ; Xenopus
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    Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: Angiogenic factors produced by monocytes-macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by persistent angiogenesis. The possibility was tested that interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is a cytokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes and neutrophils, is also angiogenic. Human recombinant IL-8 was potently angiogenic when implanted in the rat cornea and induced proliferation and chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Angiogenic activity present in the conditioned media of inflamed human rheumatoid synovial tissue macrophages or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood monocytes was equally blocked by antibodies to either IL-8 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. An IL-8 antisense oligonucleotide specifically blocked the production of monocyte-induced angiogenic activity. These data suggest a function for macrophage-derived IL-8 in angiogenesis-dependent disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth, and wound repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, A E -- Polverini, P J -- Kunkel, S L -- Harlow, L A -- DiPietro, L A -- Elner, V M -- Elner, S G -- Strieter, R M -- AR30692/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR41492/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL39926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/*drug effects ; Cornea/*drug effects/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/*physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/genetics/*pharmacology ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/physiology ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Synovial Fluid/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Umbilical Veins
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    Triplet repeat mutations in human disease (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-18
    Description: Triplet repeats are the sites of mutation in three human heritable disorders, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), fragile X syndrome, and myotonic dystrophy (DM). These repeats are GC-rich and highly polymorphic in the normal population. Fragile X syndrome and DM are examples of diseases in which premutation alleles cause little or no disease in the individual, but give rise to significantly amplified repeats in affected progeny. This newly identified mechanism of mutation has, so far, been identified in two of the most common heritable disorders, fragile X syndrome and DM, and one rare disease, SBMA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caskey, C T -- Pizzuti, A -- Fu, Y H -- Fenwick, R G Jr -- Nelson, D L -- 1R01HD29256/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30-HG00210/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30HD24064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):784-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics/physiopathology ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/*genetics/physiopathology ; *Mutation ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*genetics/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Women in science: from panes to ceilings (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1542782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Research Personnel/*statistics & numerical data ; Science/*manpower ; United States ; Women, Working/*statistics & numerical data
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    Sexually antagonistic genes: experimental evidence (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-06-05
    Description: When selection differs between the sexes, a mutation beneficial to one sex may be harmful to the other (sexually antagonistic). Because the sexes share a common gene pool, selection in one sex can interfere with the other's adaptive evolution. Theory predicts that sexually antagonistic mutations should accumulate in tight linkage with a new sex-determining gene, even when the harm to benefit ratio is high. Genetic markers and artificial selection were used to make a pair of autosomal genes segregate like a new pair of sex-determining genes in a Drosophila melanogaster model system. A 29-generation study provides experimental evidence that sexually antagonistic genes may be common in nature and will accumulate in response to a new sex-determining gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 5;256(5062):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Board of Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1604317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Eye Color/genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Ratio
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    Flow-dependent cytosolic acidification of vascular endothelial cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-23
    Description: Hemodynamic shear stress affects endothelial cell structure and function, but little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms involved in these processes. The effect of laminar shear stress on cytosolic pH (pHi) was examined in rat aortic endothelial cells cultured in glass capillary tubes. Shear stress forces led to a rapid decrease in pHi (maximal effect 0.09 pH unit at 13.4 dynes per square centimeter). Removal of specific ions or addition of exchange inhibitors suggests that in vascular endothelial cells shear stress forces activate both an alkali extruder, sodium ion-independent chloride-bicarbonate ion exchange, and an acid extruder, sodium-hydrogen ion exchange; the net effect in physiologic buffer with the bicarbonate ion is a decrease in pHi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ziegelstein, R C -- Cheng, L -- Capogrossi, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):656-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1329207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters ; Cytosol/*physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter ; Stress, Mechanical
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    Potocytosis: sequestration and transport of small molecules by caveolae (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, R G -- Kamen, B A -- Rothberg, K G -- Lacey, S W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):410-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1310359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cell Membrane/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; *Endocytosis ; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored ; Folic Acid/metabolism ; Glycolipids/physiology ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    The time course of glutamate in the synaptic cleft (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-27
    Description: The peak concentration and rate of clearance of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft are important determinants of synaptic function, yet the neurotransmitter concentration time course is unknown at synapses in the brain. The time course of free glutamate in the cleft was estimated by kinetic analysis of the displacement of a rapidly dissociating competitive antagonist from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors during synaptic transmission. Glutamate peaked at 1.1 millimolar and decayed with a time constant of 1.2 milliseconds at cultured hippocampal synapses. This time course implies that transmitter saturates postsynaptic NMDA receptors. However, glutamate dissociates much more rapidly from alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Thus, the time course of free glutamate predicts that dissociation contributes to the decay of the AMPA receptor-mediated postsynaptic current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clements, J D -- Lester, R A -- Tong, G -- Jahr, C E -- Westbrook, G L -- MH46613/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS26494/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Aminoadipic Acid/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects/physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 78
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    Human gene therapy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: Human gene therapy is a procedure that is being used in an attempt to treat genetic and other diseases. Eleven clinical protocols are under way at the present time, each with scientific and clinical objectives. Human genetic engineering raises unique safety, social, and ethical concerns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):808-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/deficiency/*genetics ; Bioethics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Federal Government ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Therapy ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy ; Risk Assessment ; Safety ; Social Responsibility
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  • 79
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    Microinjection of a conserved peptide sequence of p34cdc2 induces a Ca2+ transient in oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The product of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2, and its homologs in higher eukaryotes (p34cdc2), all contain a perfectly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that has not been found in any other protein sequence. Microinjection of this peptide triggers a specific increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ that originates from intracellular stores in both starfish and Xenopus oocytes. Thus, p34cdc2 might interact through its conserved peptide domain with some component of the Ca2(+)-regulatory system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Picard, A -- Cavadore, J C -- Lory, P -- Bernengo, J C -- Ojeda, C -- Doree, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS and INSERM, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2153316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *CDC2 Protein Kinase ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/physiology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Exocytosis/drug effects ; Female ; Genes, Fungal ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; *Peptide Fragments ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Starfish ; Xenopus
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  • 80
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    Identification of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-08
    Description: X-linked Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulonephritis in which progressive loss of kidney function is often accompanied by progressive loss of hearing. Ultrastructural defects in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of Alport syndrome patients implicate an altered structural protein as the cause of nephritis. The product of COL4A5, the alpha 5(IV) collagen chain, is a specific component of GBM within the kidney, and the gene maps to the same X chromosomal region as does Alport syndrome. Three structural aberrations were found in COL4A5, in intragenic deletion, a Pst I site variant, and an uncharacterized abnormality, which appear to cause nephritis and deafness, with allele-specific severity, in three Alport syndrome kindreds in Utah.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D F -- Hostikka, S L -- Zhou, J -- Chow, L T -- Oliphant, A R -- Gerken, S C -- Gregory, M C -- Skolnick, M H -- Atkin, C L -- Tryggvason, K -- DK 36200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 39497/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Exons ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
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  • 81
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    Carrel's cultures (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witkowski, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 23;247(4949 Pt 1):1385-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; History, 20th Century ; United States
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  • 82
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    Inheritance of proliferative breast disease in breast cancer kindreds (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Previous studies have emphasized that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is rare and is expressed primarily as premenopausal breast cancer, bilateral breast cancer, or both. Proliferative breast disease (PBD) is a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer and appears to be a precursor lesion. PBD and breast cancer were studied in 103 women from 20 kindreds that were selected for the presence of two first degree relatives with breast cancer and in 31 control women. Physical examination, screening mammography, and four-quadrant fine-needle breast aspirates were performed. Cytologic analysis of breast aspirates revealed PBD in 35% of clinically normal female first degree relatives of breast cancer cases and in 13% of controls. Genetic analysis suggests that genetic susceptibility causes both PBD and breast cancer in these kindreds. This study supports the hypothesis that this susceptibility is responsible for a considerable portion of breast cancer, including unilateral and postmenopausal breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, M H -- Cannon-Albright, L A -- Goldgar, D E -- Ward, J H -- Marshall, C J -- Schumann, G B -- Hogle, H -- McWhorter, W P -- Wright, E C -- Tran, T D -- CA-28854/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1715-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Utah Regional Cancer Center, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breast Diseases/*genetics/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree
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  • 83
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    Evidence that beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease is not derived by normal processing (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-27
    Description: The beta-amyloid protein (beta/A4), derived from a larger amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the principal component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APP is an integral membrane glycoprotein and is secreted as a carboxyl-terminal truncated molecule. APP cleavage, which is a membrane-associated event, occurred at a site located within the beta/A4 region. This suggests that an intact amyloidogenic beta/A4 fragment is not generated during normal APP catabolism. Therefore, an early event in amyloid formation may involve altered APP processing that results in the release and subsequent deposition of intact beta/A4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sisodia, S S -- Koo, E H -- Beyreuther, K -- Unterbeck, A -- Price, D L -- AG 03359/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG 05146/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG 07914/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 27;248(4954):492-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1691865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Amyloid/genetics/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Glycosylation ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Substance P/genetics ; Transfection
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  • 84
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    HIV-1 coat protein neurotoxicity prevented by calcium channel antagonists (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: Coat protein gp120 from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) increased intracellular free calcium and injured rodent retinal ganglion cells and hippocampal neurons in culture. Highly purified recombinant gp120 envelope protein produced these effects in a dose-dependent fashion at picomolar concentrations. Immunoprecipitation with antibody to gp120, but not with control immunoglobulin-containing serum, depleted solutions of the viral envelope protein and also prevented both the rise in intracellular calcium and neuronal toxicity. The gp120-induced increase in intracellular calcium was abrogated by transiently lowering extracellular calcium or by adding the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nimodipine (100 nM). Calcium channel antagonists also prevented gp120-induced neuronal injury. In addition, intracellular stores appeared to contribute substantially to the increase in calcium elicited by gp120. Since increases in intracellular calcium have been associated with neurotoxicity, it is possible that an injurious effect of gp120 on neurons might be related to this mechanism and that treatment with calcium channel antagonists may prove useful in mitigating HIV-1-related neuronal injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dreyer, E B -- Kaiser, P K -- Offermann, J T -- Lipton, S A -- EY 05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS 01395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):364-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/administration & dosage/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*physiology ; HIV-1/*analysis ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Nimodipine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects/metabolism
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  • 85
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    A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: The alpha chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovats, S -- Main, E K -- Librach, C -- Stubblebine, M -- Fisher, S J -- DeMars, R -- AI-15586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD-24495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P0I HD-24180/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trophoblasts/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/immunology
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  • 86
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    Olfactory recognition: a simple memory system (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Mice have an olfactory (pheromone) recognition memory located at the first relay in the sensory system. It is acquired with one-trial learning, contingent upon norepinephrine activation at mating, and lasts for several weeks. The mechanism involves Hebbian (association-dependent) changes in synaptic efficacy at dendrodendritic synapses in the accessory olfactory bulb. As a result of this memory, males made familiar by mating are recognized by the females, thereby mitigating pregnancy block. Such a memory function is biologically important to the female, as it is required to sustain pregnancy in the presence of her stud male's odors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brennan, P -- Kaba, H -- Keverne, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2147078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; N-Methylaspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; *Pheromones/urine ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 87
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    Flunarizine protects neurons from death after axotomy or NGF deprivation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Systemically administered flunarizine enhanced neuronal survival in lumbar sensory ganglia in newborn rats after axotomy. Flunarizine-treated rats lost 71 percent fewer neurons than the untreated control rats at the end of 1 week. In cell culture, flunarizine at 30 to 40 microM also prevented neuronal death in nerve growth factor-dependent embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons after the abrupt withdrawal of neurotrophic support. The drug may cause this effect by acting at an intracellular site, one distinct from its blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rich, K M -- Hollowell, J P -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS18071/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1419-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2356470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flunarizine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/embryology ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/cytology/embryology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nerve Crush ; Nerve Growth Factors/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/drug effects ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology/surgery
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  • 88
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    Prenylated proteins: the structure of the isoprenoid group (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The mevalonate-derived portion of a prenylated protein from Chinese hamster ovary cells has been established as diterpenoid (C20). This group is linked to a carboxyl-terminal cysteine as a thioether. It was removed from the protein by hydrazinolysis followed by Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting hydrocarbon fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rilling, H C -- Breunger, E -- Epstein, W W -- Crain, P F -- GM 29812/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):318-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Diterpenes/*metabolism ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Ovary ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 89
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    Genetics of small populations (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carson, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Male ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 90
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    Population dynamics of the United States and the Soviet Union (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-03-30
    Description: Population growth in the United States and the Soviet Union is slowing. Since the 1970s, labor force growth in both countries is slowing even more than population growth, and both countries are aging. Economic effects of slowing growth can be compensated for by increased participation in the labor force and increased productivity and by adjustments in the military forces. Economic flexibility and policy choices will determine how successfully the trend to slower population growth will be accommodated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torrey, B B -- Kingkade, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1548-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington DC 20233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aged ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Population Dynamics ; Ussr ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Mutation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch type (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Description: An amyloid protein that precipitates in the cerebral vessel walls of Dutch patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis is similar to the amyloid protein in vessel walls and senile plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cloning and sequencing of the two exons that encode the amyloid protein from two patients with this amyloidosis revealed a cytosine-to-guanine transversion, a mutation that caused a single amino acid substitution (glutamine instead of glutamic acid) at position 22 of the amyloid protein. The mutation may account for the deposition of this amyloid protein in the cerebral vessel walls of these patients, leading to cerebral hemorrhages and premature death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, E -- Carman, M D -- Fernandez-Madrid, I J -- Power, M D -- Lieberburg, I -- van Duinen, S G -- Bots, G T -- Luyendijk, W -- Frangione, B -- AG 05891/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1124-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2111584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Amyloidosis/complications/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology/*genetics ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications/*genetics ; Dna ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Netherlands ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Precursors/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Adhesion of human B cells to germinal centers in vitro involves VLA-4 and INCAM-110 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-31
    Description: Human B lymphocytes localize and differentiate within the microenvironment of lymphoid germinal centers. A frozen section binding assay was developed for the identification of those molecules involved in the adhesive interactions between B cells and lymphoid follicles. Activated human B cells and B cell lines were found to selectively adhere to germinal centers. The VLA-4 molecule on the lymphocyte and the adhesion molecule INCAM-110, expressed on follicular dendritic cells, supported this interaction. This cellular interaction model can be used for the study of how B cells differentiate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, A S -- Munro, J M -- Rice, G E -- Bevilacqua, M P -- Morimoto, C -- McIntyre, B W -- Rhynhart, K -- Pober, J S -- Nadler, L M -- 5T32HL07627-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AR33713/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1030-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Palatine Tonsil/cytology/immunology ; Receptors, Very Late Antigen/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    cdc2 gene expression at the G1 to S transition in human T lymphocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: The product of the cdc2 gene, designated p34cdc2, is a serine-threonine protein kinase that controls entry of eukaryotic cells into mitosis. Freshly isolated human T lymphocytes (G0 phase) were found to have very low amounts of p34cdc2 and cdc2 messenger RNA. Expression of cdc2 increased 18 to 24 hours after exposure of T cells to phytohemagglutinin, coincident with the G1 to S transition. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides could reduce the increase in cdc2 expression and inhibited DNA synthesis, but had no effect on several early and mid-G1 events, including blastogenesis and expression of interleukin-2 receptors, transferrin receptors, c-myb, and c-myc. Induction of cdc2 required prior induction of c-myb and c-myc. These results suggest that cdc2 induction is part of an orderly sequence of events that occurs at the G1 to S transition in T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furukawa, Y -- Piwnica-Worms, H -- Ernst, T J -- Kanakura, Y -- Griffin, J D -- CA36167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA47843/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):805-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis/genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; *G1 Phase ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; *S Phase ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Chronic fatigue as chameleon (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1240.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2399460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*etiology/microbiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Europe: bovine growth hormone in a political maze (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherfas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):852-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Growth Hormone/*standards ; Humans ; Milk ; Recombinant Proteins/standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Extension of the life-span of human endothelial cells by an interleukin-1 alpha antisense oligomer (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The proliferative potential of human diploid endothelial cells is finite, and cellular senescence in vitro is accompanied by the failure of the endothelial cell to respond to exogenous growth factors. Senescent human endothelial cells were shown to contain high amounts of the transcript for the cytokine interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, transformed human endothelial cells did not contain detectable IL-1 alpha messenger RNA. Treatment of human endothelial cell populations with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the human IL-1 alpha transcript prevented cell senescence and extended the proliferative life-span of the cells in vitro. Removal of the IL-1 alpha antisense oligomer resulted in the generation of the senescent phenotype and loss of proliferative potential. These data suggest that human endothelial cell senescence in vitro is a dynamic process regulated by the potential intracellular activity of IL-1 alpha.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maier, J A -- Voulalas, P -- Roeder, D -- Maciag, T -- AG07450/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL32348/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL35627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1570-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Jerome H. Holland, Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*genetics ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA, Antisense/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Behavioral effects of progesterone associated with rapid modulation of oxytocin receptors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (VMN) are important for the control of feminine mating behavior, and hormone action within these nuclei has been causally related to behavior. Estradiol induces receptors for oxytocin in the VMN and in the area lateral to these nuclei over the course of 1 to 2 days, and progesterone causes, within 30 minutes of its application, a further increase in receptor binding and an expansion of the area covered by these receptors lateral to the VMN. The rapid progesterone effect appears to be a direct and specific effect of this steroid on the receptor or membrane, because it was produced in vitro as well as in vivo and was not mimicked by a variety of other steroids. The effect of progesterone occurred in the posterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion facilitated feminine mating behavior; it did not take place in the anterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion had no effect on mating behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schumacher, M -- Coirini, H -- Pfaff, D W -- McEwen, B S -- HD-05751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-07080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- TWO4103/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):691-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Proliferative breast disease: diagnosis and implications (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, D L -- Dupont, W D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):915-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Effect of light chain V region duplication on IgG oligomerization and in vivo efficacy (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody oligomer was isolated from a transfected myeloma cell line that produced a monoclonal antibody to group B streptococci. Compared to the IgG1 monomer, the oligomer was significantly more effective at protecting neonatal rats from infection in vivo. The oligomer was also shown to cross the placenta and to be stable in neonatal rats. Immunochemical analysis and complementary DNA sequencing showed that the transfected cell line produced two distinct kappa light chains: a normal light chain (Ln) with a molecular mass of 25 kilodaltons and a 37-kilodalton species (L37), the domain composition of which was variable-variable-constant (V-V-C). Cotransfection of vectors encoding the heavy chain and L37 resulted in production of oligomeric IgG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuford, W -- Raff, H V -- Finley, J W -- Esselstyn, J -- Harris, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immune Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute-Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Cell Line ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Healy gets off to a fast start (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palca, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administrative Personnel ; Budgets ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Women's Health
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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