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  • 1
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    Genetic testing for cancer risk (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-11-14
    Beschreibung: Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility is already part of the clinical management of families with some of the well-defined (but uncommon) inherited cancer syndromes. In cases where the risks associated with a predisposing mutation are less certain, or where there is no clearly effective intervention to offer those with a positive result, its use is more controversial. Careful evaluation of costs and benefits, and of the efficacy of interventions in those found to be at risk, is essential and is only just beginning. An immediate challenge is to ensure that both health professionals and the public understand clearly the issues involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ponder, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1050-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 238, Level 3 Lab Block, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. bajp@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9353178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Confidentiality ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Services ; *Genetic Testing ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Life ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Resource Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Spectral technique paints cells in vivid new colors (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-06-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure ; Coloring Agents ; *Cytological Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Interference/*methods ; Spectrum Analysis ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Can cloning help save beleaguered species? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-05-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Zoo/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genetic Engineering/economics ; Genetic Variation ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sheep ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Sexual selection in Asian elephants (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-12-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tiedemann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Elephants/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; India ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sri Lanka
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-07-04
    Beschreibung: Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisonpierre, P C -- Suri, C -- Jones, P F -- Bartunkova, S -- Wiegand, S J -- Radziejewski, C -- Compton, D -- McClain, J -- Aldrich, T H -- Papadopoulos, N -- Daly, T J -- Davis, S -- Sato, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):55-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/embryology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    NCI reverses one expert panel, sides with another (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):27-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control/radiography ; Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography ; *Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-08-15
    Beschreibung: Recent evidence demonstrating multiple regions of human cerebral cortex activated by pain has prompted speculation about their individual contributions to this complex experience. To differentiate cortical areas involved in pain affect, hypnotic suggestions were used to alter selectively the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli, without changing the perceived intensity. Positron emission tomography revealed significant changes in pain-evoked activity within anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with the encoding of perceived unpleasantness, whereas primary somatosensory cortex activation was unaltered. These findings provide direct experimental evidence in humans linking frontal-lobe limbic activity with pain affect, as originally suggested by early clinical lesion studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rainville, P -- Duncan, G H -- Price, D D -- Carrier, B -- Bushnell, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):968-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D-epartement de Psychologie and Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Affect/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Regional Blood Flow ; Regression Analysis ; Somatosensory Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Thermosensing ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Ethics of AZT studies in poorer countries attacked (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-05-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 16;276(5315):1022.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9173534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; *Bioethics ; Caribbean Region ; *Control Groups ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; *Pregnant Women ; Thailand ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; Withholding Treatment ; Zidovudine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Fluorescence-based isolation of bacterial genes expressed within host cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-09-26
    Beschreibung: A selection strategy was devised to identify bacterial genes preferentially expressed when a bacterium associates with its host cell. Fourteen Salmonella typhimurium genes, which were under the control of at least four independent regulatory circuits, were identified to be selectively induced in host macrophages. Four genes encode virulence factors, including a component of a type III secretory apparatus. This selection methodology should be generally applicable to the identification of genes from pathogenic organisms that are induced upon association with host cells or tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valdivia, R H -- Falkow, S -- AI26195/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK38707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):2007-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. valdivia@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Macrophages/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Spleen/microbiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Regulation of replicon size in Xenopus egg extracts (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-02-14
    Beschreibung: Once a specific number of cells have been produced in the early Xenopus laevis embryo, replicon size during the S phase of the cell cycle increases. Here, it is reported that similar increase in replicon size occurred when the concentration of nuclei in replication-competent Xenopus egg extracts exceeded a critical threshold. In this system, the origin recognition complex (ORC) did not become stoichiometrically limiting for initiation, and similar amounts of this complex bound to chromatin regardless of replicon size. These data suggest that in early development, an unidentified factor controls how many preformed ORC-DNA complexes initiate DNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walter, J -- Newport, J W -- 1F32FM17980-01/PHS HHS/ -- R01FM44656/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 14;275(5302):993-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0347, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9020085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/pharmacology ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Origin Recognition Complex ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Replication Origin ; *Replicon ; S Phase ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    A mouse model with features of familial combined hyperlipidemia (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-01-17
    Beschreibung: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common inherited lipid disorder, affecting 1 to 2 percent of the population in Westernized societies. Individuals with FCHL have large quantities of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and develop premature coronary heart disease. A mouse model displaying some of the features of FCHL was created by crossing mice carrying the human apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) transgene with mice deficient in the LDL receptor. A synergistic interaction between the apolipoprotein C-III and the LDL receptor defects produced large quantities of VLDL and LDL and enhanced the development of atherosclerosis. This mouse model may provide clues to the origin of human FCHL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masucci-Magoulas, L -- Goldberg, I J -- Bisgaier, C L -- Serajuddin, H -- Francone, O L -- Breslow, J L -- Tall, A R -- HL 21006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 54591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins B/blood ; Apolipoproteins C/*genetics ; Apolipoproteins E/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Cholesterol, VLDL/blood ; Diet ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Humans ; *Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/blood/genetics ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV/genetics ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Conditional mutator phenotypes in hMSH2-deficient tumor cell lines (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-09-05
    Beschreibung: Two human tumor cell lines that are deficient in the mismatch repair protein hMSH2 show little or no increase in mutation rate relative to that of a mismatch repair-proficient cell line when the cells are maintained in culture conditions allowing rapid growth. However, mutations accumulate at a high rate in these cells when they are maintained at high density. Thus the mutator phenotype of some mismatch repair-deficient cell lines is conditional and strongly depends on growth conditions. These observations have implications for tumor development because they suggest that mutations may accumulate in tumor cells when growth is limited.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, B -- Zhang, H -- Phear, G -- Meuth, M -- R01-CA-62244/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09602/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1523-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Cell Count ; *Cell Division ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterine Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Group brands AIDS trials unethical (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; *Developing Countries ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Publishing sensitive data: who calls the shots? Long-suppressed study finally sees light of day (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): California ; *Drug Industry ; Drugs, Generic/*pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; *Publishing ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; Thyroxine/*pharmacokinetics ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Thanks to a parasite, asexual reproduction catches on (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-03-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1743.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/parasitology ; Female ; Male ; Moths/parasitology ; Ovum/parasitology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Rickettsiaceae/*physiology ; Wasps/microbiology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    How much pain for cardiac gain? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-05-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Exercise/*physiology/psychology ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    New insights into how babies learn language (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-08-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9254430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Mothers ; *Phonetics ; Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Life and death of neurons in the aging brain (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-10-23
    Beschreibung: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging are less well defined. For decades, it has been a commonly held notion that widespread neuron death in the neocortex and hippocampus is an inevitable concomitant of brain aging, but recent quantitative studies suggest that neuron death is restricted in normal aging and unlikely to account for age-related impairment of neocortical and hippocampal functions. In this article, the qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored. When these data are viewed comprehensively, it appears that the primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, J H -- Hof, P R -- AG05138/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG06647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MHDA52145/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):412-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, the Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, and the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. morrison@cortex.neuro.mssm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Entorhinal Cortex/pathology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Neocortex/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/pathology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Longer tusks are healthy signs (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-06-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Commerce ; Elephants/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*parasitology ; Female ; Helminthiasis, Animal/*immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Study shows one-fifth of female bison infected (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-06-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baskin, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 20;276(5320):1786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abortion, Veterinary/microbiology ; Animals ; *Bison ; *Brucella abortus ; Brucellosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Brucellosis, Bovine/*transmission ; Cattle ; Female ; Montana/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Estrogen stakes claim to cognition (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-05-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Cognition/drug effects/*physiology ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogens/pharmacology/*physiology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Subtle, secret female chimpanzees (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-08-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wrangham, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. wrangham@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9273699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Dominance
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    New vaccines may ward off urinary tract infections (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adhesins, Bacterial/*immunology ; *Adhesins, Escherichia coli ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; *Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Fimbriae Proteins ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Urinary Tract Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Quantitative trait loci for refractoriness of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium cynomolgi B (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-18
    Beschreibung: The severity of the malaria pandemic in the tropics is aggravated by the ongoing spread of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and mosquito resistance to insecticides. A strain of Anopheles gambiae, normally a major vector for human malaria in Africa, can encapsulate and kill the malaria parasites within a melanin-rich capsule in the mosquito midgut. Genetic mapping revealed one major and two minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for this encapsulation reaction. Understanding such antiparasite mechanisms in mosquitoes may lead to new strategies for malaria control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, L -- Cornel, A J -- Wang, R -- Erfle, H -- Voss, H -- Ansorge, W -- Kafatos, F C -- Collins, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):425-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/immunology/*parasitology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/immunology/*parasitology ; Lod Score ; Male ; Melanins/physiology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; Plasmodium cynomolgi/*immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    Rapid colorectal adenoma formation initiated by conditional targeting of the Apc gene (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-10-06
    Beschreibung: Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is a disease characterized by the development of multiple colorectal adenomas, and affected individuals carry germline mutations in the APC gene. With the use of a conditional gene targeting system, a mouse model of FAP was created that circumvents the embryonic lethality of Apc deficiency and directs Apc inactivation specifically to the colorectal epithelium. loxP sites were inserted into the introns around Apc exon 14, and the resultant mutant allele (Apc580S) was introduced into the mouse germline. Mice homozygous for Apc580S were normal; however, upon infection of the colorectal region with an adenovirus encoding the Cre recombinase, the mice developed adenomas within 4 weeks. The adenomas showed deletion of Apc exon 14, indicating that the loss of Apc function was caused by Cre-loxP-mediated recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, H -- Toyama, K -- Shioya, H -- Ito, M -- Hirota, M -- Hasegawa, S -- Matsumoto, H -- Takano, H -- Akiyama, T -- Toyoshima, K -- Kanamaru, R -- Kanegae, Y -- Saito, I -- Nakamura, Y -- Shiba, K -- Noda, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/*genetics ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Colon/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exons ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Targeting ; *Genes, APC ; Genetic Vectors ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Homozygote ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Viral Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-10-06
    Beschreibung: Expression of Agouti protein is normally limited to the skin where it affects pigmentation, but ubiquitous expression causes obesity. An expressed sequence tag was identified that encodes Agouti-related protein, whose RNA is normally expressed in the hypothalamus and whose levels were increased eightfold in ob/ob mice. Recombinant Agouti-related protein was a potent, selective antagonist of Mc3r and Mc4r, melanocortin receptor subtypes implicated in weight regulation. Ubiquitous expression of human AGRP complementary DNA in transgenic mice caused obesity without altering pigmentation. Thus, Agouti-related protein is a neuropeptide implicated in the normal control of body weight downstream of leptin signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ollmann, M M -- Wilson, B D -- Yang, Y K -- Kerns, J A -- Chen, Y -- Gantz, I -- Barsh, G S -- EY07106/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30DK-34933/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):135-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Melanophores/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Obese ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Obesity/etiology ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; Receptors, Corticotropin/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    When should fatherhood stop? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-07-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavrilov, L A -- Gavrilova, N S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):17-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9229762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Nuclear Family ; *Paternal Age
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    Cross-language analysis of phonetic units in language addressed to infants (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-08-01
    Beschreibung: In the early months of life, infants acquire information about the phonetic properties of their native language simply by listening to adults speak. The acoustic properties of phonetic units in language input to young infants in the United States, Russia, and Sweden were examined. In all three countries, mothers addressing their infants produced acoustically more extreme vowels than they did when addressing adults, resulting in a "stretching" of vowel space. The findings show that language input to infants provides exceptionally well-specified information about the linguistic units that form the building blocks for words.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhl, P K -- Andruski, J E -- Chistovich, I A -- Chistovich, L A -- Kozhevnikova, E V -- Ryskina, V L -- Stolyarova, E I -- Sundberg, U -- Lacerda, F -- DC 00520/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):684-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Mothers ; *Phonetics ; Russia ; Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception ; Sweden ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    The origin of dogs: running with the wolves (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-06-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1647-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/*genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Bangkok study adds fuel to AIDS ethics debate (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-12-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; *Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Pregnant Women ; Thailand ; Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 31
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    Requirement for the transcription factor LSIRF/IRF4 for mature B and T lymphocyte function (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-01-24
    Beschreibung: Lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (LSIRF) (now called IRF4) is a transcription factor expressed only in lymphocytes. Mice deficient in IRF4 showed normal distribution of B and T lymphocyes at 4 to 5 weeks of age but developed progressive generalized lymphadenopathy. IRF4-deficient mice exhibited a profound reduction in serum immunoglobulin concentrations and did not mount detectable antibody responses. T lymphocyte function was also impaired in vivo; these mice could not generate cytotoxic or antitumor responses. Thus, IRF4 is essential for the function and homeostasis of both mature B and mature T lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mittrucker, H W -- Matsuyama, T -- Grossman, A -- Kundig, T M -- Potter, J -- Shahinian, A -- Wakeham, A -- Patterson, B -- Ohashi, P S -- Mak, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Graft vs Host Reaction ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Lymphatic Diseases/etiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology ; Male ; Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Genetic feminization of pheromones and its behavioral consequences in Drosophila males (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-06-06
    Beschreibung: Pheromones are intraspecific chemical signals important for mate attraction and discrimination. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, hydrocarbons on the cuticular surface of the animal are sexually dimorphic in both their occurrence and their effects: Female-specific molecules stimulate male sexual excitation, whereas the predominant male-specific molecule tends to inhibit male excitation. Complete feminization of the pheromone mixture produced by males was induced by targeted expression of the transformer gene in adult oenocytes (subcuticular abdominal cells) or by ubiquitous expression during early imaginal life. The resulting flies generally exhibited male heterosexual orientation but elicited homosexual courtship from other males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferveur, J F -- Savarit, F -- O'Kane, C J -- Sureau, G -- Greenspan, R J -- Jallon, J M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1555-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mecanismes de communication, Unite de Recherche Associee-CNRS 1491, Batiment 446, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay-Cedex, France. ferveur@ext.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homosexuality ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Sex Attractants/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Differentiation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Transgenes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 33
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    Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-08-15
    Beschreibung: It is hypothesized that collective efficacy, defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good, is linked to reduced violence. This hypothesis was tested on a 1995 survey of 8782 residents of 343 neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois. Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled. Associations of concentrated disadvantage and residential instability with violence are largely mediated by collective efficacy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sampson, R J -- Raudenbush, S W -- Earls, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):918-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chicago ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; *Residence Characteristics ; Social Conditions ; *Social Control, Informal ; *Social Environment ; Social Values ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Violence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 34
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    Separate neural bases of two fundamental memory processes in the human medial temporal lobe (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-04-11
    Beschreibung: The participation of medial temporal-lobe structures in memory performance was examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging of local blood oxygenation level-dependent signals. Signals were measured during encoding into memory complex scenes or line drawings and during retrieval from memory of previously studied line drawings or words. Encoding tasks yielded increased signals for unfamiliar information in a posterior medial-temporal region that were focused in the parahippocampal cortex. Retrieval tasks yielded increased signals for successfully remembered information in an anterior medial-temporal region that were focused in the subiculum. These results indicate that separate components of the human medial temporal-lobe memory system are active during distinct memory processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabrieli, J D -- Brewer, J B -- Desmond, J E -- Glover, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gabrieli@psych.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    Independent and additive effects of central POMC and leptin pathways on murine obesity (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-12-31
    Beschreibung: The lethal yellow (AY/a) mouse has a defect in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) signaling in the brain that leads to obesity, and is resistant to the anorexigenic effects of the hormone leptin. It has been proposed that the weight-reducing effects of leptin are thus transmitted primarily by way of POMC neurons. However, the central effects of defective POMC signaling, and the absence of leptin, on weight gain in double-mutant lethal yellow (AY/a) leptin-deficient (lepob/lepob) mice were shown to be independent and additive. Furthermore, deletion of the leptin gene restored leptin sensitivity to AY/a mice. This result implies that in the AY/a mouse, obesity is independent of leptin action, and resistance to leptin results from desensitization of leptin signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boston, B A -- Blaydon, K M -- Varnerin, J -- Cone, R D -- DK/AR517330/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK02404/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD33703/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1641-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenalectomy ; Agouti Signaling Protein ; Alleles ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Corticosterone/blood ; Crosses, Genetic ; Eating/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/blood ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leptin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Neurons/metabolism ; Obesity/genetics/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Weight Gain
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Environment and cancer: who are susceptible? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1997-11-14
    Beschreibung: Acting in concert with individual susceptibility, environmental factors such as smoking, diet, and pollutants play a role in most human cancer. However, new molecular evidence indicates that specific groups-characterized by predisposing genetic traits or ethnicity, the very young, and women-may have heightened risk from certain exposures. This is illustrated by molecular epidemiologic studies of environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Individual genetic screening for rare high-risk traits or for more common, low-penetrant susceptibility genes is problematic and not routinely recommended. However, knowledge of the full spectrum of both genetic and acquired susceptibility in the population will be instrumental in developing health and regulatory policies that increase protection of the more susceptible groups from risks of environmental carcinogens. This will necessitate revision of current risk assessment methodologies to explicitly account for individual variation in susceptibility to environmental carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perera, F P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1068-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, B-1, New York, NY 10032, USA. fpp1@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9353182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aging ; Amines/adverse effects ; Carcinogens, Environmental/*adverse effects ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/ethnology/*etiology/genetics/prevention & control ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Behavior. Origins of cumulative culture (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurzban, Robert -- Barrett, H Clark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1056-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1219232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kurzban@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; *Mental Processes ; *Problem Solving ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Economics. Implications of scarcity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwane, Alix Peterson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):617-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1230292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. alix.zwane@gatesfoundation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Attention ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Socioeconomic Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Trim28 is required for epigenetic stability during mouse oocyte to embryo transition (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-24
    Beschreibung: Phenotypic variability in genetic disease is usually attributed to genetic background variation or environmental influence. Here, we show that deletion of a single gene, Trim28 (Kap1 or Tif1beta), from the maternal germ line alone, on an otherwise identical genetic background, results in severe phenotypic and epigenetic variability that leads to embryonic lethality. We identify early and minute epigenetic variations in blastomeres of the preimplantation embryo of these animals, suggesting that the embryonic lethality may result from the misregulation of genomic imprinting in mice lacking maternal Trim28. Our results reveal the long-range effects of a maternal gene deletion on epigenetic memory and illustrate the delicate equilibrium of maternal and zygotic factors during nuclear reprogramming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Messerschmidt, Daniel M -- de Vries, Wilhelmine -- Ito, Mitsuteru -- Solter, Davor -- Ferguson-Smith, Anne -- Knowles, Barbara B -- 079249/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095606/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MR/J001597/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1216154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Development Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; DNA Methylation ; Down-Regulation ; *Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Phenotype ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ancestral developmental potential facilitates parallel evolution in ants (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-10
    Beschreibung: Complex worker caste systems have contributed to the evolutionary success of advanced ant societies; however, little is known about the developmental processes underlying their origin and evolution. We combined hormonal manipulation, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses with field observations to understand how novel worker subcastes evolve. We uncovered an ancestral developmental potential to produce a "supersoldier" subcaste that has been actualized at least two times independently in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. This potential has been retained and can be environmentally induced throughout the genus. Therefore, the retention and induction of this potential have facilitated the parallel evolution of supersoldiers through a process known as genetic accommodation. The recurrent induction of ancestral developmental potential may facilitate the adaptive and parallel evolution of phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajakumar, Rajendhran -- San Mauro, Diego -- Dijkstra, Michiel B -- Huang, Ming H -- Wheeler, Diana E -- Hiou-Tim, Francois -- Khila, Abderrahman -- Cournoyea, Michael -- Abouheif, Ehab -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):79-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1211451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ants/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Larva/growth & development ; Male ; Methoprene/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Behavior ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    MARF1 regulates essential oogenic processes in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-24
    Beschreibung: Development of fertilization-competent oocytes depends on integrated processes controlling meiosis, cytoplasmic development, and maintenance of genomic integrity. We show that meiosis arrest female 1 (MARF1) is required for these processes in mammalian oocytes. Mutations of Marf1 cause female infertility characterized by up-regulation of a cohort of transcripts, increased retrotransposon expression, defective cytoplasmic maturation, and meiotic arrest. Up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit (PPP2CB) is key to the meiotic arrest phenotype. Moreover, Iap and Line1 retrotransposon messenger RNAs are also up-regulated, and, concomitantly, DNA double-strand breaks are elevated in mutant oocytes. Therefore MARF1, by suppressing levels of specific transcripts, is an essential regulator of important oogenic processes leading to female fertility and the development of healthy offspring.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, You-Qiang -- Sugiura, Koji -- Sun, Fengyun -- Pendola, Janice K -- Cox, Gregory A -- Handel, Mary Ann -- Schimenti, John C -- Eppig, John J -- CA34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD42137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD042137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA034196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1496-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; *Fertility ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Phenotype ; Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Paying for tissue: the case of WI-38 (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayflick, Leonard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 14;337(6100):1292. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6100.1292-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22984048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue Donors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-06-23
    Beschreibung: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herfst, Sander -- Schrauwen, Eefje J A -- Linster, Martin -- Chutinimitkul, Salin -- de Wit, Emmie -- Munster, Vincent J -- Sorrell, Erin M -- Bestebroer, Theo M -- Burke, David F -- Smith, Derek J -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1534-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Air Microbiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Containment of Biohazards ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza ; Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Oseltamivir/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/pathogenicity ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Reverse Genetics ; Serial Passage ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Rapamycin-induced insulin resistance is mediated by mTORC2 loss and uncoupled from longevity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-31
    Beschreibung: Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), extends the life spans of yeast, flies, and mice. Calorie restriction, which increases life span and insulin sensitivity, is proposed to function by inhibition of mTORC1, yet paradoxically, chronic administration of rapamycin substantially impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. We demonstrate that rapamycin disrupted a second mTOR complex, mTORC2, in vivo and that mTORC2 was required for the insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Further, decreased mTORC1 signaling was sufficient to extend life span independently from changes in glucose homeostasis, as female mice heterozygous for both mTOR and mLST8 exhibited decreased mTORC1 activity and extended life span but had normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Thus, mTORC2 disruption is an important mediator of the effects of rapamycin in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamming, Dudley W -- Ye, Lan -- Katajisto, Pekka -- Goncalves, Marcus D -- Saitoh, Maki -- Stevens, Deanna M -- Davis, James G -- Salmon, Adam B -- Richardson, Arlan -- Ahima, Rexford S -- Guertin, David A -- Sabatini, David M -- Baur, Joseph A -- 1F32AG032833-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG032833/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30DK19525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1215135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood ; *Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 45
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    Alzheimer's research. Stopping Alzheimer's before it starts (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):790-2. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6096.790.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age of Onset ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/*genetics/*prevention & control ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Child ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote Detection ; Humans ; Information Services ; Male ; Pedigree ; Primary Prevention/*methods ; Risk
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 46
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    Psychology. Tapping into the wisdom of the crowd--with confidence (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-04-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hertwig, Ralph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):303-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1221403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60-64, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland. ralph.hertwig@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Decision Making ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-10
    Beschreibung: Sexual selection is driven by competition for mates, and the advantage of a competitor is determined by the number of offspring it produces. Early experiments by Angus Bateman characterized this interaction, and the quantitative relationship between a male's number of mates and number of offspring is known as the Bateman slope. Sexual dimorphism, one of the most obvious results of sexual selection, largely requires a positive Bateman relationship, and the slope provides an estimate of the potential for sexual selection. However, natural selection from the environment can also influence male success, as can random effects, and some have argued for inclusion of the latter in calculations of mate success. Data from pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) reveal the presence of a positive Bateman slope in each year of a 10-year study. We found no evidence that random effects skewed male mating success; however, substantial yearly variation in the Bateman slope due to predation on fawns was evident. These results support the validity of the Bateman relationship, yet they also demonstrate that environmental or extrinsic influences can limit the potential for sexual selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byers, John -- Dunn, Stacey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 9;338(6108):802-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1224660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA. jbyers@uidaho.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antelopes/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Coyotes ; Female ; Linear Models ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Montana ; *Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Activation-induced B cell fates are selected by intracellular stochastic competition (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-10
    Beschreibung: In response to stimulation, B lymphocytes pursue a large number of distinct fates important for immune regulation. Whether each cell's fate is determined by external direction, internal stochastic processes, or directed asymmetric division is unknown. Measurement of times to isotype switch, to develop into a plasmablast, and to divide or to die for thousands of cells indicated that each fate is pursued autonomously and stochastically. As a consequence of competition between these processes, censorship of alternative outcomes predicts intricate correlations that are observed in the data. Stochastic competition can explain how the allocation of a proportion of B cells to each cell fate is achieved. The B cell may exemplify how other complex cell differentiation systems are controlled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Ken R -- Wellard, Cameron J -- Markham, John F -- Zhou, Jie H S -- Holmberg, Ross -- Hawkins, Edwin D -- Hasbold, Jhagvaral -- Dowling, Mark R -- Hodgkin, Philip D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):338-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213230. Epub 2012 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Models, Immunological ; Stochastic Processes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    The biology of genomes. Single-cell sequencing tackles basic and biomedical questions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):976-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6084.976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Male ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Spermatozoa
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-19
    Beschreibung: As a first step toward understanding how rare variants contribute to risk for complex diseases, we sequenced 15,585 human protein-coding genes to an average median depth of 111x in 2440 individuals of European (n = 1351) and African (n = 1088) ancestry. We identified over 500,000 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), the majority of which were rare (86% with a minor allele frequency less than 0.5%), previously unknown (82%), and population-specific (82%). On average, 2.3% of the 13,595 SNVs each person carried were predicted to affect protein function of ~313 genes per genome, and ~95.7% of SNVs predicted to be functionally important were rare. This excess of rare functional variants is due to the combined effects of explosive, recent accelerated population growth and weak purifying selection. Furthermore, we show that large sample sizes will be required to associate rare variants with complex traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708544/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708544/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tennessen, Jacob A -- Bigham, Abigail W -- O'Connor, Timothy D -- Fu, Wenqing -- Kenny, Eimear E -- Gravel, Simon -- McGee, Sean -- Do, Ron -- Liu, Xiaoming -- Jun, Goo -- Kang, Hyun Min -- Jordan, Daniel -- Leal, Suzanne M -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rieder, Mark J -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Altshuler, David -- Nickerson, Deborah A -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Sunyaev, Shamil -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Bamshad, Michael J -- Akey, Joshua M -- Broad GO -- Seattle GO -- NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):64-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219240. Epub 2012 May 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22604720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): African Americans/*genetics ; Disease/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Exome ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Growth ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ecological context influences epidemic size and parasite-driven evolution (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-31
    Beschreibung: The occurrence and magnitude of disease outbreaks can strongly influence host evolution. In particular, when hosts face a resistance-fecundity trade-off, they might evolve increased resistance to infection during larger epidemics but increased susceptibility during smaller ones. We tested this theoretical prediction by using a zooplankton-yeast host-parasite system in which ecological factors determine epidemic size. Lakes with high productivity and low predation pressure had large yeast epidemics; during these outbreaks, hosts became more resistant to infection. However, with low productivity and high predation, epidemics remained small and hosts evolved increased susceptibility. Thus, by modulating disease outbreaks, ecological context (productivity and predation) shaped host evolution during epidemics. Consequently, anthropogenic alteration of productivity and predation might strongly influence both ecological and evolutionary outcomes of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Meghan A -- Ochs, Jessica Housley -- Penczykowski, Rachel M -- Civitello, David J -- Klausmeier, Christopher A -- Hall, Spencer R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA. duffy@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*microbiology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Indiana ; *Lakes ; Male ; Metschnikowia/*pathogenicity ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/microbiology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A Bruce effect in wild geladas (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-01
    Beschreibung: Female rodents are known to terminate pregnancies after exposure to unfamiliar males ("Bruce effect"). Although laboratory support abounds, direct evidence for a Bruce effect under natural conditions is lacking. Here, we report a strong Bruce effect in a wild primate, the gelada (Theropithecus gelada). Female geladas terminate 80% of pregnancies in the weeks after a dominant male is replaced. Further, data on interbirth intervals suggest that pregnancy termination offers fitness benefits for females whose offspring would otherwise be susceptible to infanticide. Taken together, data support the hypothesis that the Bruce effect can be an adaptive strategy for females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Eila K -- Lu, Amy -- Bergman, Thore J -- Beehner, Jacinta C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1213600. Epub 2012 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Behavior, Animal ; Birth Rate ; Estrogens/analysis ; Ethiopia ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Gestational Age ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; *Social Dominance ; *Theropithecus/physiology/psychology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Polio campaign. Closing a deadly refuge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):520-1. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6094.520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Child ; Disease Eradication/*trends ; Female ; *Homicide ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination/*trends ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Violence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 54
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    Animal domestication. In search of the wild chicken (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1020-4. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6110.1020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; *Breeding ; Chickens/*genetics ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Influenza in Birds/genetics ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Polio campaign. Fighting polio in Pakistan (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):517-21. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6094.517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Child ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination/*methods/*trends ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; World Health Organization
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The motherhood effect (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):802. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.802-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Career Mobility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; *Mothers ; *Science ; *Women, Working
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    HIV/AIDS in America. Introduction (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):167. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; United States/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Pheromonal induction of spatial learning in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-15
    Beschreibung: Many mammals use scent marking for sexual and competitive advertisement, but little is known about the mechanism by which scents are used to locate mates and competitors. We show that darcin, an involatile protein sex pheromone in male mouse urine, can rapidly condition preference for its remembered location among females and competitor males so that animals prefer to spend time in the site even when scent is absent. Learned spatial preference is conditioned through contact with darcin in a single trial and remembered for approximately 14 days. This pheromone-induced learning allows animals to relocate sites of particular social relevance and provides proof that pheromones such as darcin can be highly potent stimuli for social learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Sarah A -- Davidson, Amanda J -- McLean, Lynn -- Beynon, Robert J -- Hurst, Jane L -- BB/J002631/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC503897/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1462-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1225638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Competitive Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Maze Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/pharmacology/*physiology/urine ; Smell/drug effects/physiology ; Spatial Behavior/drug effects/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Cuckoos combat socially transmitted defenses of reed warbler hosts with a plumage polymorphism (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-04
    Beschreibung: In predator-prey and host-parasite interactions, an individual's ability to combat an opponent often improves with experience--for example, by learning to identify enemy signals. Although learning occurs through individual experience, individuals can also assess threats from social information. Such recognition could promote the evolution of polymorphisms if socially transmitted defenses depend on enemy morph frequency. This would allow rare variants to evade detection. Female brood parasitic common cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, are either gray or rufous. The gray morph is a Batesian mimic whose hawk-like appearance deters host attack. Hosts reject this disguise through social learning, increasing their own defenses when they witness neighbors mobbing a cuckoo. Our experiments reveal that social learning is specific to the cuckoo morph that neighbors mob. Therefore, while neighbors alert hosts to local cuckoo activity, frequency-dependent social information selects for a cuckoo plumage polymorphism to thwart host detection. Our results suggest that selection for mimicry and polymorphisms comes not only from personal experience but also from social learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorogood, Rose -- Davies, Nicholas B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):578-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1220759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rt303@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; Learning ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Pigmentation ; *Social Behavior ; Songbirds/*anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Civilization's double-edged sword (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):832-3. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.832.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Archaeology ; Cambodia ; Civilization/*history ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Homicide/history ; Humans ; Male ; Syria ; Thailand ; Violence/*history ; *Warfare ; Weapons
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Cancer. Taking a back door to target Myc (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evan, Gerard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):293-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1217819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. gie20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Female ; *Genes, myc ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Psychology. Bird-brained illusionists (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Barton L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):292-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1217451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. barta@psych.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Optical Illusions ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Economics. Ready, steady, compete (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villeval, Marie Claire -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):544-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1218000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France. villeval@gate.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Policy ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; *Women
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Extremely long-lived nuclear pore proteins in the rat brain (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-04
    Beschreibung: To combat the functional decline of the proteome, cells use the process of protein turnover to replace potentially impaired polypeptides with new functional copies. We found that extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervous system. These ELLPs were associated with chromatin and the nuclear pore complex, the central transport channels that mediate all molecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The longevity of these proteins would be expected to expose them to potentially harmful metabolites, putting them at risk of accumulating damage over extended periods of time. Thus, it is possible that failure to maintain proper levels and functional integrity of ELLPs in nonproliferative cells might contribute to age-related deterioration in cell and tissue function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savas, Jeffrey N -- Toyama, Brandon H -- Xu, Tao -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Hetzer, Martin W -- F32 AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG039127-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201000035C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AG031097/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG031097-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-14/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):942. doi: 10.1126/science.1217421. Epub 2012 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Aging ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Female ; Half-Life ; Liver/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Pore/*metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A global perspective on HIV/AIDS (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxena, Shailendra K -- Tiwari, Sneham -- Nair, Madhavan P N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):798. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6096.798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Reproductive biology. Potential egg stem cells reignite debate (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1029-30. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6072.1029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Oocytes/*cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Oogonia/*cytology ; Ovary/cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    An overlapping protein-coding region in influenza A virus segment 3 modulates the host response (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-06-30
    Beschreibung: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to variable and imperfectly understood pathogenicity. We report that segment 3 of the virus contains a second open reading frame ("X-ORF"), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting. The frameshift product, termed PA-X, comprises the endonuclease domain of the viral PA protein with a C-terminal domain encoded by the X-ORF and functions to repress cellular gene expression. PA-X also modulates IAV virulence in a mouse infection model, acting to decrease pathogenicity. Loss of PA-X expression leads to changes in the kinetics of the global host response, which notably includes increases in inflammatory, apoptotic, and T lymphocyte-signaling pathways. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown IAV protein that modulates the host response to infection, a finding with important implications for understanding IAV pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagger, B W -- Wise, H M -- Kash, J C -- Walters, K-A -- Wills, N M -- Xiao, Y-L -- Dunfee, R L -- Schwartzman, L M -- Ozinsky, A -- Bell, G L -- Dalton, R M -- Lo, A -- Efstathiou, S -- Atkins, J F -- Firth, A E -- Taubenberger, J K -- Digard, P -- 073126/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088789/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0700815/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700815(82260)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9800943/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/J002232/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1222213. Epub 2012 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; *Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Viral ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Open Reading Frames ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/pathology/*virology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proteome ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Cell biology. Rapamycin paradox resolved (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Katherine J -- Kennedy, Brian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1578-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1221365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; *Insulin Resistance ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The group self (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-19
    Beschreibung: Although people often tend to consider themselves and others as unique individuals, there are many situations in which they think, feel, and act primarily as group members. This can bring out the best in them, as when they are inspired to help fellow citizens in need, or the worst, as when they show hostility against others simply because they represent another religious or ethnic group. Understanding when and why the group self becomes more important than the individual self, and how this affects people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can help to prevent and redirect unwelcome aspects of human behavior by addressing them at the appropriate level of self.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellemers, Naomi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):848-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1220987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Psychological Research, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Ellemers@fsw.leidenuniv.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Behavior ; Brain/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Self Concept ; Social Behavior ; *Social Identification
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Truog, Robert D -- Kesselheim, Aaron S -- Joffe, Steven -- 1 UL1 RR025758-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08HS18465-01/HS/AHRQ HHS/ -- UL1 RR025758/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):37-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1216888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA. robert.truog@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; *Patient Rights ; Policy ; *Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Body cues, not facial expressions, discriminate between intense positive and negative emotions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-12-01
    Beschreibung: The distinction between positive and negative emotions is fundamental in emotion models. Intriguingly, neurobiological work suggests shared mechanisms across positive and negative emotions. We tested whether similar overlap occurs in real-life facial expressions. During peak intensities of emotion, positive and negative situations were successfully discriminated from isolated bodies but not faces. Nevertheless, viewers perceived illusory positivity or negativity in the nondiagnostic faces when seen with bodies. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, we created compounds of intense negative faces combined with positive bodies, and vice versa. Perceived affect and mimicry of the faces shifted systematically as a function of their contextual body emotion. These findings challenge standard models of emotion expression and highlight the role of the body in expressing and perceiving emotions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aviezer, Hillel -- Trope, Yaacov -- Todorov, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 30;338(6111):1225-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1224313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. haviezer@mail.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; *Cues ; Emotions/*physiology ; *Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; *Kinesics ; Male ; *Perception ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 72
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    Natural SIV hosts: showing AIDS the door (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-10
    Beschreibung: Many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in the wild and in captivity. In contrast to HIV-infected humans, these natural SIV hosts typically do not develop AIDS, despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. In this Review, we discuss the most recent advances on the mechanisms of protection from disease progression in natural SIV hosts, with emphasis on how they differ from pathogenic HIV/SIV infections of humans and rhesus macaques. These mechanisms include: (i) resolution of immune activation after acute infection, (ii) restricted pattern of target cell infection, and (iii) protection from mother-to-infant transmission. We highlight the areas that should be pursued in future studies, focusing on potential applications for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chahroudi, Ann -- Bosinger, Steven E -- Vanderford, Thomas H -- Paiardini, Mirko -- Silvestri, Guido -- P51-RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084836/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI066998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1188-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1217550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Cercocebus atys ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/transmission/*virology ; *Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 73
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    Task force's prevention advice proves hard to swallow. Interview by Eliot Marshall (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moyer, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Advisory Committees ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; *Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Male ; *Mammography/statistics & numerical data ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; Public Opinion ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/*organization & administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    Public health. Korea tackles a mushrooming problem (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1026-7. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6110.1026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    Neuroethics. When a brain scan bears bad news (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):455. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6106.455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/abnormalities/blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*ethics ; Neuroimaging/*ethics ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    Adaptive sleep loss in polygynous pectoral sandpipers (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-08-11
    Beschreibung: The functions of sleep remain elusive. Extensive evidence suggests that sleep performs restorative processes that sustain waking brain performance. An alternative view proposes that sleep simply enforces adaptive inactivity to conserve energy when activity is unproductive. Under this hypothesis, animals may evolve the ability to dispense with sleep when ecological demands favor wakefulness. Here, we show that male pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos), a polygynous Arctic breeding shorebird, are able to maintain high neurobehavioral performance despite greatly reducing their time spent sleeping during a 3-week period of intense male-male competition for access to fertile females. Males that slept the least sired the most offspring. Our results challenge the view that decreased performance is an inescapable outcome of sleep loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lesku, John A -- Rattenborg, Niels C -- Valcu, Mihai -- Vyssotski, Alexei L -- Kuhn, Sylvia -- Kuemmeth, Franz -- Heidrich, Wolfgang -- Kempenaers, Bart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1654-8. Epub 2012 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Charadriiformes/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Male ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sleep/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Gender and violence (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):839-40. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Conflict (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Social Values ; *Violence ; *Warfare ; *Women's Rights/statistics & numerical data
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Avian influenza. Public at last, H5N1 study offers insight into virus's possible path to pandemic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-06-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1494-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6088.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*virology ; RNA Replicase/*genetics ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    Evolution of shape by multiple regulatory changes to a growth gene (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-01
    Beschreibung: The genetic changes responsible for morphological differences between species are largely unidentified. Such changes can involve modifications of growth that are relevant to understanding evolution, development, and disease. We identified a gene that induces male-specific wing size and shape differences between Nasonia wasp species. Fine-scale mapping and in situ hybridization reveal that changes in at least three regions (two strictly in noncoding sequence) around the gene unpaired-like (upd-like) cause changes in spatial and temporal expression of upd-like in the developing wing and corresponding changes in wing width. Upd-like shows homology to the Drosophila unpaired gene, a well-studied signaling protein that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Our results indicate how multiple changes in the regulation of upd-like are involved in microevolution of morphological and sex-specific differences between species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520604/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520604/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loehlin, David W -- Werren, John H -- 5R01 GM070026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R24 GM084917-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):943-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1215193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. loehlin@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis/genetics ; Organ Size ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Sex Characteristics ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wasps/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Fetal and early childhood undernutrition, mortality, and lifelong health (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-22
    Beschreibung: Child undernutrition is a major public health challenge, estimated to be responsible for 2.2 million annual deaths. Implementation of available interventions could prevent one-third of these deaths. Emerging evidence suggests that breast-feeding can lead to improvements in intelligence quotient in children and lower risks of noncommunicable diseases in mothers and children decades later. Nonetheless, breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices differ greatly from global recommendations. Although the World Health Organization recommends that infants receive solely breast milk for the first 6 months of life, only about one-third of infants in low-income countries meet this goal, just one-third of children 6 to 24 months old in low-income countries meet the minimum criteria for dietary diversity, and only one in five who are breast-fed receive a minimum acceptable diet. Although the potential effects of improved breast-feeding and complementary feeding appear large, funding for research and greater use of existing effective interventions seems low compared with other life-saving child health interventions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lutter, Chessa K -- Lutter, Randall -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1495-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-2895, USA. lutterch@paho.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Breast Feeding ; *Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Child, Preschool ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *Fetal Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; *Health ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; *Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Washington, District of Columbia. HIV/AIDS response renovated in capital (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):182. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.182-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Community Health Services ; District of Columbia/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 82
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    Baltimore, Maryland. Dancing the night away; keeping HIV at bay (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *African Americans ; Baltimore/epidemiology ; *Dancing ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; *Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; *Risk-Taking ; Sex Workers ; Unsafe Sex
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Single-sex education: results one-sided (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalkus, Olen Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):165; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.165-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Single-sex education: parameters too narrow (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palaima, Thomas G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):166; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.166-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Mexico. My virus is your virus (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):177-8. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): California/epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Needle Sharing ; Sex Workers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/epidemiology
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    San Francisco, California. A concerted effort to lighten the load (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):175-6. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.175.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Patient Compliance ; *Public Health Practice ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; *Viral Load
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    The many states of HIV in America (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):168-71. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Prevalence ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Southeastern United States/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Urban Health/statistics & numerical data
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Some consequences of having too little (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-03
    Beschreibung: Poor individuals often engage in behaviors, such as excessive borrowing, that reinforce the conditions of poverty. Some explanations for these behaviors focus on personality traits of the poor. Others emphasize environmental factors such as housing or financial access. We instead consider how certain behaviors stem simply from having less. We suggest that scarcity changes how people allocate attention: It leads them to engage more deeply in some problems while neglecting others. Across several experiments, we show that scarcity leads to attentional shifts that can help to explain behaviors such as overborrowing. We discuss how this mechanism might also explain other puzzles of poverty.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Anuj K -- Mullainathan, Sendhil -- Shafir, Eldar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1222426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. anuj.shah@chicagobooth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Attention ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Financing, Personal ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Socioeconomic Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Infectious disease. HIV prevention and cure insights come from failure and success (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1291. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6074.1291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/blood/*therapeutic use ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV/drug effects/immunology/*physiology ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Single-sex education: positive effects (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Hyunjoon -- Behrman, Jere R -- Choi, Jaesung -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):165-6; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.165-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-20
    Beschreibung: Exome sequencing studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have identified many de novo mutations but few recurrently disrupted genes. We therefore developed a modified molecular inversion probe method enabling ultra-low-cost candidate gene resequencing in very large cohorts. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we captured and sequenced 44 candidate genes in 2446 ASD probands. We discovered 27 de novo events in 16 genes, 59% of which are predicted to truncate proteins or disrupt splicing. We estimate that recurrent disruptive mutations in six genes-CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, TBR1, PTEN, and TBL1XR1-may contribute to 1% of sporadic ASDs. Our data support associations between specific genes and reciprocal subphenotypes (CHD8-macrocephaly and DYRK1A-microcephaly) and replicate the importance of a beta-catenin-chromatin-remodeling network to ASD etiology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528801/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528801/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Roak, Brian J -- Vives, Laura -- Fu, Wenqing -- Egertson, Jarrett D -- Stanaway, Ian B -- Phelps, Ian G -- Carvill, Gemma -- Kumar, Akash -- Lee, Choli -- Ankenman, Katy -- Munson, Jeff -- Hiatt, Joseph B -- Turner, Emily H -- Levy, Roie -- O'Day, Diana R -- Krumm, Niklas -- Coe, Bradley P -- Martin, Beth K -- Borenstein, Elhanan -- Nickerson, Deborah A -- Mefford, Heather C -- Doherty, Dan -- Akey, Joshua M -- Bernier, Raphael -- Eichler, Evan E -- Shendure, Jay -- HD065285/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS069605/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD065285/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS064077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069605/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1619-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1227764. Epub 2012 Nov 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cephalometry ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Cohort Studies ; DNA Probes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exome ; Female ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Megalencephaly/genetics ; Microcephaly/genetics ; *Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    Neuroscience. Preventable forms of autism? (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-10-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102925/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102925/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaudet, Arthur L -- M01 RR000188/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006485/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):342-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1229178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. abeaudet@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*administration & ; dosage/*genetics ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*diet therapy/*genetics ; Epilepsy/*diet therapy/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Ecology. When paths to cooperation converge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherratt, Thomas N -- Roberts, Gilbert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 14;337(6100):1304-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. tom_sherratt@carleton.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22984060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    Illusions promote mating success in great bowerbirds (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-24
    Beschreibung: Sexual selection studies normally compare signal strengths, but signal components and sensory processing may interact to create misleading or attention-capturing illusions. Visual illusions can be produced by altering object and scene geometry in ways that trick the viewer when seen from a particular direction. Male great bowerbirds actively maintain size-distance gradients of objects on their bower courts that create forced-perspective illusions for females viewing their displays from within the bower avenue. We show a significant relationship between mating success and the female's view of the gradient; this view explains substantially more variance in mating success than the strength of the gradients. Illusions may be widespread in other animals because males of most species display to females with characteristic orientation and distance, providing excellent conditions for illusions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Laura A -- Endler, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):335-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1212443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Attention ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Optical Illusions ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Size Perception ; Space Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    Social science. Marriage decision highlights same-sex studies (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):787-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6070.787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): California ; Female ; *Homosexuality, Female ; *Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Politics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Sexual deprivation increases ethanol intake in Drosophila (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-17
    Beschreibung: The brain's reward systems reinforce behaviors required for species survival, including sex, food consumption, and social interaction. Drugs of abuse co-opt these neural pathways, which can lead to addiction. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between natural and drug rewards. In males, mating increased, whereas sexual deprivation reduced, neuropeptide F (NPF) levels. Activation or inhibition of the NPF system in turn reduced or enhanced ethanol preference. These results thus link sexual experience, NPF system activity, and ethanol consumption. Artificial activation of NPF neurons was in itself rewarding and precluded the ability of ethanol to act as a reward. We propose that activity of the NPF-NPF receptor axis represents the state of the fly reward system and modifies behavior accordingly.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909676/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909676/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shohat-Ophir, G -- Kaun, K R -- Azanchi, R -- Mohammed, H -- Heberlein, U -- R01 AA010035/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1351-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1215932.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2822, USA. shohatophirg@janelia.hhmi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetates/pharmacology ; Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cohort Studies ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Ethanol/*administration & dosage ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/*metabolism ; Oleic Acids/pharmacology ; Pheromones/pharmacology ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Reward ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Analytic thinking promotes religious disbelief (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-04-28
    Beschreibung: Scientific interest in the cognitive underpinnings of religious belief has grown in recent years. However, to date, little experimental research has focused on the cognitive processes that may promote religious disbelief. The present studies apply a dual-process model of cognitive processing to this problem, testing the hypothesis that analytic processing promotes religious disbelief. Individual differences in the tendency to analytically override initially flawed intuitions in reasoning were associated with increased religious disbelief. Four additional experiments provided evidence of causation, as subtle manipulations known to trigger analytic processing also encouraged religious disbelief. Combined, these studies indicate that analytic processing is one factor (presumably among several) that promotes religious disbelief. Although these findings do not speak directly to conversations about the inherent rationality, value, or truth of religious beliefs, they illuminate one cognitive factor that may influence such discussions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gervais, Will M -- Norenzayan, Ara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):493-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1215647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. will@psych.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intuition ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; *Religion ; *Thinking ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Kinship categories across languages reflect general communicative principles (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-26
    Beschreibung: Languages vary in their systems of kinship categories, but the scope of possible variation appears to be constrained. Previous accounts of kin classification have often emphasized constraints that are specific to the domain of kinship and are not derived from general principles. Here, we propose an account that is founded on two domain-general principles: Good systems of categories are simple, and they enable informative communication. We show computationally that kin classification systems in the world's languages achieve a near-optimal trade-off between these two competing principles. We also show that our account explains several specific constraints on kin classification proposed previously. Because the principles of simplicity and informativeness are also relevant to other semantic domains, the trade-off between them may provide a domain-general foundation for variation in category systems across languages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kemp, Charles -- Regier, Terry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):1049-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1218811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. ckemp@cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Communication ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Linguistics ; Male ; Semantics ; *Terminology as Topic ; Vocabulary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroscience. Youth culture in the adult brain (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kempermann, Gerd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1175-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1219304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany. gerd.kempermann@crt-dresden.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; *Neural Inhibition ; *Neurogenesis ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Synaptic Potentials
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Preference by association: how memory mechanisms in the hippocampus bias decisions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-10-16
    Beschreibung: Every day people make new choices between alternatives that they have never directly experienced. Yet, such decisions are often made rapidly and confidently. Here, we show that the hippocampus, traditionally known for its role in building long-term declarative memories, enables the spread of value across memories, thereby guiding decisions between new choice options. Using functional brain imaging in humans, we discovered that giving people monetary rewards led to activation of a preestablished network of memories, spreading the positive value of reward to nonrewarded items stored in memory. Later, people were biased to choose these nonrewarded items. This decision bias was predicted by activity in the hippocampus, reactivation of associated memories, and connectivity between memory and reward regions in the brain. These findings explain how choices among new alternatives emerge automatically from the associative mechanisms by which the brain builds memories. Further, our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role for the hippocampus in value-based decisions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wimmer, G Elliott -- Shohamy, Daphna -- R03-DA026957/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):270-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1223252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; *Association ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Neuroimaging ; *Reward ; Social Values ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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