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  • Temperature  (161)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (161)
  • 2000-2004  (108)
  • 1995-1999  (53)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (161)
  • Springer  (9)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Time series of alkenone unsaturation indices gathered along the California margin reveal large (4 degrees to 8 degrees C) glacial-interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST) over the past 550,000 years. Interglacial times with SSTs equal to or exceeding that of the Holocene contain peak abundances in the pollen of redwood, the distinctive component of the temperate rainforest of the northwest coast of California. In the region now dominated by the California Current, SSTs warmed 10,000 to 15,000 years in advance of deglaciation at each of the past five glacial maxima. SSTs did not rise in advance of deglaciation south of the modern California Current front. Glacial warming along the California margin therefore is a regional signal of the weakening of the California Current during times when large ice sheets reorganized wind systems over the North Pacific. Both the timing and magnitude of the SST estimates suggest that the Devils Hole (Nevada) calcite record represents regional but not global paleotemperatures, and hence does not pose a fundamental challenge to the orbital ("Milankovitch") theory of the Ice Ages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, T D -- Schuffert, J D -- Andreasen, D -- Heusser, L -- Lyle, M -- Mix, A -- Ravelo, A C -- Stott, L D -- Herguera, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):71-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Carbonate ; California ; *Climate ; Diatoms/physiology ; *Ice ; Models, Biological ; Nevada ; Pacific Ocean ; Pollen ; *Seawater/analysis ; Temperature ; Trees/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The nucleus of the Jupiter-family comet 19P/Borrelly was closely observed by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer aboard the Deep Space 1 spacecraft on 22 September 2001. The 8-kilometer-long body is highly variegated on a scale of 200 meters, exhibiting large albedo variations (0.01 to 0.03) and complex geologic relationships. Short-wavelength infrared spectra (1.3 to 2.6 micrometers) show a slope toward the red and a hot, dry surface (〈/=345 kelvin, with no trace of water ice or hydrated minerals), consistent with approximately 10% or less of the surface actively sublimating. Borrelly's coma exhibits two types of dust features: fans and highly collimated jets. At encounter, the near-nucleus coma was dominated by a prominent dust jet that resolved into at least three smaller jets emanating from a broad basin in the middle of the nucleus. Because the major dust jet remained fixed in orientation, it is evidently aligned near the rotation axis of the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soderblom, L A -- Becker, T L -- Bennett, G -- Boice, D C -- Britt, D T -- Brown, R H -- Buratti, B J -- Isbell, C -- Giese, B -- Hare, T -- Hicks, M D -- Howington-Kraus, E -- Kirk, R L -- Lee, M -- Nelson, R M -- Oberst, J -- Owen, T C -- Rayman, M D -- Sandel, B R -- Stern, S A -- Thomas, N -- Yelle, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1087-91. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United States Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. lsoderblom@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Cosmic Dust ; Hydrocarbons/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-08-21
    Description: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer observed Jupiter in the thermal infrared during the swing-by of the Cassini spacecraft. Results include the detection of two new stratospheric species, the methyl radical and diacetylene, gaseous species present in the north and south auroral infrared hot spots; determination of the variations with latitude of acetylene and ethane, the latter a tracer of atmospheric motion; observations of unexpected spatial distributions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide, both considered to be products of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts; characterization of the morphology of the auroral infrared hot spot acetylene emission; and a new evaluation of the energetics of the northern auroral infrared hot spot.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kunde, V G -- Flasar, F M -- Jennings, D E -- Bezard, B -- Strobel, D F -- Conrath, B J -- Nixon, C A -- Bjoraker, G L -- Romani, P N -- Achterberg, R K -- Simon-Miller, A A -- Irwin, P -- Brasunas, J C -- Pearl, J C -- Smith, M D -- Orton, G S -- Gierasch, P J -- Spilker, L J -- Carlson, R C -- Mamoutkine, A A -- Calcutt, S B -- Read, P L -- Taylor, F W -- Fouchet, T -- Parrish, P -- Barucci, A -- Courtin, R -- Coustenis, A -- Gautier, D -- Lellouch, E -- Marten, A -- Prange, R -- Biraud, Y -- Ferrari, C -- Owen, T C -- Abbas, M M -- Samuelson, R E -- Raulin, F -- Ade, P -- Cesarsky, C J -- Grossman, K U -- Coradini, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1582-6. Epub 2004 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Virgil.G.Kunde.1@gsfc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15319491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Ethane ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; *Hydrogen Cyanide ; *Jupiter ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivinerich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/-5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/-5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 microm in hollows to approximately 0.5 to 3 mm in soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, P R -- Ruff, S W -- Fergason, R L -- Knudson, A T -- Anwar, S -- Arvidson, R E -- Bandfield, J L -- Blaney, D L -- Budney, C -- Calvin, W M -- Glotch, T D -- Golombek, M P -- Gorelick, N -- Graff, T G -- Hamilton, V E -- Hayes, A -- Johnson, J R -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Mehall, G L -- Mehall, L K -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Rogers, A D -- Smith, M D -- Squyres, S W -- Wolff, M J -- Wyatt, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):837-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbonates ; Geologic Sediments ; Interferometry ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; Silicates ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Water
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: Understanding the link between the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and Earth's temperature underpins much of paleoclimatology and our predictions of future global warming. Here, we use the inverse relationship between leaf stomatal indices and the partial pressure of CO(2) in modern Ginkgo biloba and Metasequoia glyptostroboides to develop a CO(2) reconstruction based on fossil Ginkgo and Metasequoia cuticles for the middle Paleocene to early Eocene and middle Miocene. Our reconstruction indicates that CO(2) remained between 300 and 450 parts per million by volume for these intervals with the exception of a single high estimate near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. These results suggest that factors in addition to CO(2) are required to explain these past intervals of global warmth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Royer, D L -- Wing, S L -- Beerling, D J -- Jolley, D W -- Koch, P L -- Hickey, L J -- Berner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2310-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, Post Office Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA. dana.royer@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Fossils ; Ginkgo biloba ; Gymnosperms/*cytology ; Partial Pressure ; Plant Leaves/cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; Temperature ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Data from ice 3590 meters below Vostok Station indicate that the ice was accreted from liquid water associated with Lake Vostok. Microbes were observed at concentrations ranging from 2.8 x 10(3) to 3.6 x 10(4) cells per milliliter; no biological incorporation of selected organic substrates or bicarbonate was detected. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA genes revealed low diversity in the gene population. The phylotypes were closely related to extant members of the alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria and the Actinomycetes. Extrapolation of the data from accretion ice to Lake Vostok implies that Lake Vostok may support a microbial population, despite more than 10(6) years of isolation from the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Priscu, J C -- Adams, E E -- Lyons, W B -- Voytek, M A -- Mogk, D W -- Brown, R L -- McKay, C P -- Takacs, C D -- Welch, K A -- Wolf, C F -- Kirshtein, J D -- Avci, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2141-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics/isolation & purification ; Fresh Water/chemistry/*microbiology ; Genes, rRNA ; *Ice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Minerals/analysis ; Pressure ; Proteobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Temperature ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: Topography and gravity measured by the Mars Global Surveyor have enabled determination of the global crust and upper mantle structure of Mars. The planet displays two distinct crustal zones that do not correlate globally with the geologic dichotomy: a region of crust that thins progressively from south to north and encompasses much of the southern highlands and Tharsis province and a region of approximately uniform crustal thickness that includes the northern lowlands and Arabia Terra. The strength of the lithosphere beneath the ancient southern highlands suggests that the northern hemisphere was a locus of high heat flow early in martian history. The thickness of the elastic lithosphere increases with time of loading in the northern plains and Tharsis. The northern lowlands contain structures interpreted as large buried channels that are consistent with northward transport of water and sediment to the lowlands before the end of northern hemisphere resurfacing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, M T -- Solomon, S C -- Phillips, R J -- Smith, D E -- Tyler, G L -- Aharonson, O -- Balmino, G -- Banerdt, W B -- Head, J W -- Johnson, C L -- Lemoine, F G -- McGovern, P J -- Neumann, G A -- Rowlands, D D -- Zhong, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1788-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Gravitation ; *Mars ; Temperature ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: The deployment of electronic data storage tags that are surgically implanted or satellite-linked provides marine researchers with new ways to examine the movements, environmental preferences, and physiology of pelagic vertebrates. We report the results obtained from tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna with implantable archival and pop-up satellite archival tags. The electronic tagging data provide insights into the seasonal movements and environmental preferences of this species. Bluefin tuna dive to depths of 〉1000 meters and maintain a warm body temperature. Western-tagged bluefin tuna make trans-Atlantic migrations and they frequent spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Mediterranean. These data are critical for the future management and conservation of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, B A -- Dewar, H -- Blackwell, S B -- Williams, T D -- Prince, E D -- Farwell, C J -- Boustany, A -- Teo, S L -- Seitz, A -- Walli, A -- Fudge, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1310-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. bblock@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diving ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Swimming ; Temperature ; Tuna/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: Deuterated hydrogen cyanide (DCN) was detected in a comet, C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), with the use of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The inferred deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratio in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is (D/H)HCN = (2.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-3). This ratio is higher than the D/H ratio found in cometary water and supports the interstellar origin of cometary ices. The observed values of D/H in water and HCN imply a kinetic temperature 〉/=30 +/- 10 K in the fragment of interstellar cloud that formed the solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meier, R -- Owen, T C -- Jewitt, D C -- Matthews, H E -- Senay, M -- Biver, N -- Bockel e-Morvan, D -- Crovisier, J -- Gautier, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. meier@uhifa.ifa.hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deuterium/*analysis ; Hydrogen Cyanide/*analysis ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Temperature ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-02-28
    Description: Deuterated water (HDO) was detected in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) with the use of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The inferred D/H ratio in Hale-Bopp's water is (3.3 +/- 0.8) x 10(-4). This result is consistent with in situ measurements of comet P/Halley and the value found in C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake). This D/H ratio, higher than that in terrestrial water and more than 10 times the value for protosolar H2, implies that comets cannot be the only source for the oceans on Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meier, R -- Owen, T C -- Matthews, H E -- Jewitt, D C -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Biver, N -- Crovisier, J -- Gautier, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deuterium Oxide/*analysis ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Temperature ; Water/*analysis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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