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  • 1
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    Dependence of human stem cell engraftment and repopulation of NOD/SCID mice on CXCR4 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Stem cell homing and repopulation are not well understood. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 were found to be critical for murine bone marrow engraftment by human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) repopulating stem cells. Treatment of human cells with antibodies to CXCR4 prevented engraftment. In vitro CXCR4-dependent migration to SDF-1 of CD34+CD38-/low cells correlated with in vivo engraftment and stem cell function. Stem cell factor and interleukin-6 induced CXCR4 expression on CD34+ cells, which potentiated migration to SDF-1 and engraftment in primary and secondary transplanted mice. Thus, up-regulation of CXCR4 expression may be useful for improving engraftment of repopulating stem cells in clinical transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peled, A -- Petit, I -- Kollet, O -- Magid, M -- Ponomaryov, T -- Byk, T -- Nagler, A -- Ben-Hur, H -- Many, A -- Shultz, L -- Lider, O -- Alon, R -- Zipori, D -- Lapidot, T -- A130389/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):845-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ; Animals ; Antibodies ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD34/analysis/immunology ; Antigens, CD38 ; Antigens, Differentiation/analysis ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology/*physiology ; Chemotaxis ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Fetal Blood ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis ; Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis/immunology/*physiology ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 2
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    Chromosome 2 sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-06
    Description: Chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced; this sequence contains 947,103 base pairs and encodes 210 predicted genes. In comparison with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, chromosome 2 has a lower gene density, introns are more frequent, and proteins are markedly enriched in nonglobular domains. A family of surface proteins, rifins, that may play a role in antigenic variation was identified. The complete sequencing of chromosome 2 has shown that sequencing of the A+T-rich P. falciparum genome is technically feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardner, M J -- Tettelin, H -- Carucci, D J -- Cummings, L M -- Aravind, L -- Koonin, E V -- Shallom, S -- Mason, T -- Yu, K -- Fujii, C -- Pederson, J -- Shen, K -- Jing, J -- Aston, C -- Lai, Z -- Schwartz, D C -- Pertea, M -- Salzberg, S -- Zhou, L -- Sutton, G G -- Clayton, R -- White, O -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- Hoffman, S L -- R01 AI40125-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1126-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genome, Protozoan ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 3
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    Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors: a source of myelinating transplants (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Self-renewing, totipotent embryonic stem (ES) cells may provide a virtually unlimited donor source for transplantation. A protocol that permits the in vitro generation of precursors for oligodendrocytes and astrocytes from ES cells was devised. Transplantation in a rat model of a human myelin disease shows that these ES cell-derived precursors interact with host neurons and efficiently myelinate axons in brain and spinal cord. Thus, ES cells can serve as a valuable source of cell type-specific somatic precursors for neural transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brustle, O -- Jones, K N -- Learish, R D -- Karram, K -- Choudhary, K -- Wiestler, O D -- Duncan, I D -- McKay, R D -- NS33710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):754-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. brustle@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*cytology ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Ventricles/embryology/surgery ; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder/genetics/*therapy ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein/biosynthesis/genetics ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology/metabolism/*transplantation/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: The gene encoding inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) kinase alpha (IKKalpha; also called IKK1) was disrupted by gene targeting. IKKalpha-deficient mice died perinatally. In IKKalpha-deficient fetuses, limb outgrowth was severely impaired despite unaffected skeletal development. The epidermal cells in IKKalpha-deficient fetuses were highly proliferative with dysregulated epidermal differentiation. In the basal layer, degradation of IkappaB and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were not observed. Thus, IKKalpha is essential for NF-kappaB activation in the limb and skin during embryogenesis. In contrast, there was no impairment of NF-kappaB activation induced by either interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IKKalpha-deficient embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes, indicating that IKKalpha is not essential for cytokine-induced activation of NF-kappaB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, K -- Takeuchi, O -- Tsujimura, T -- Itami, S -- Adachi, O -- Kawai, T -- Sanjo, H -- Yoshikawa, K -- Terada, N -- Akira, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):313-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epidermis/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Extremities/*embryology/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Limb Buds/enzymology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/*enzymology/genetics ; Mice ; *Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Skin Abnormalities/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Twist Transcription Factor
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines includes both soluble and membrane-bound proteins that regulate immune responses. A member of the human TNF family, BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator), was identified that induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. BLyS expression on human monocytes could be up-regulated by interferon-gamma. Soluble BLyS functioned as a potent B cell growth factor in costimulation assays. Administration of soluble recombinant BLyS to mice disrupted splenic B and T cell zones and resulted in elevated serum immunoglobulin concentrations. The B cell tropism of BLyS is consistent with its receptor expression on B-lineage cells. The biological profile of BLyS suggests it is involved in monocyte-driven B cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, P A -- Belvedere, O -- Orr, A -- Pieri, K -- LaFleur, D W -- Feng, P -- Soppet, D -- Charters, M -- Gentz, R -- Parmelee, D -- Li, Y -- Galperina, O -- Giri, J -- Roschke, V -- Nardelli, B -- Carrell, J -- Sosnovtseva, S -- Greenfield, W -- Ruben, S M -- Olsen, H S -- Fikes, J -- Hilbert, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):260-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sciences, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/*immunology ; Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Inhibition of phosphatases and increased Ca2+ channel activity by inositol hexakisphosphate (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), the dominant inositol phosphate in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, inhibited the serine-threonine protein phosphatases type 1, type 2A, and type 3 in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity of voltage-gated L-type calcium channels is increased in cells treated with inhibitors of serine-threonine protein phosphatases. Thus, the increased calcium channel activity obtained in the presence of InsP6 might result from the inhibition of phosphatase activity. Glucose elicited a transient increase in InsP6 concentration, which indicates that this inositol polyphosphate may modulate calcium influx over the plasma membrane and serve as a signal in the pancreatic beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larsson, O -- Barker, C J -- Sjoholm, A -- Carlqvist, H -- Michell, R H -- Bertorello, A -- Nilsson, T -- Honkanen, R E -- Mayr, G W -- Zwiller, J -- Berggren, P O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rolf Luft Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Inositol/pharmacology ; Inositol Phosphates/pharmacology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Phytic Acid/*pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    PKC-dependent stimulation of exocytosis by sulfonylureas in pancreatic beta cells (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas represent a group of clinically useful antidiabetic compounds that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood but are believed to involve inhibition of potassium channels sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (KATP channels) in the beta cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and activation of the secretory machinery. In addition to these effects, sulfonylureas also promoted exocytosis by direct interaction with the secretory machinery not involving closure of the plasma membrane KATP channels. This effect was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) and was observed at therapeutic concentrations of sulfonylureas, which suggests that it contributes to their hypoglycemic action in diabetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eliasson, L -- Renstrom, E -- Ammala, C -- Berggren, P O -- Bertorello, A M -- Bokvist, K -- Chibalin, A -- Deeney, J T -- Flatt, P R -- Gabel, J -- Gromada, J -- Larsson, O -- Lindstrom, P -- Rhodes, C J -- Rorsman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Goteborg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Exocytosis/*drug effects ; Glipizide/pharmacology ; Glyburide/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/*pharmacology ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/*pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    The transcriptional program of sporulation in budding yeast (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Diploid cells of budding yeast produce haploid cells through the developmental program of sporulation, which consists of meiosis and spore morphogenesis. DNA microarrays containing nearly every yeast gene were used to assay changes in gene expression during sporulation. At least seven distinct temporal patterns of induction were observed. The transcription factor Ndt80 appeared to be important for induction of a large group of genes at the end of meiotic prophase. Consensus sequences known or proposed to be responsible for temporal regulation could be identified solely from analysis of sequences of coordinately expressed genes. The temporal expression pattern provided clues to potential functions of hundreds of previously uncharacterized genes, some of which have vertebrate homologs that may function during gametogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chu, S -- DeRisi, J -- Eisen, M -- Mulholland, J -- Botstein, D -- Brown, P O -- Herskowitz, I -- AI18738/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GH00450/GH/CGH CDC HHS/ -- GM46406/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):699-705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Fungal/physiology ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal ; Humans ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Morphogenesis ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spores, Fungal/*genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Probing single secretory vesicles with capillary electrophoresis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Secretory vesicles obtained from the atrial gland of the gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica were chemically analyzed individually with a combination of optical trapping, capillary electrophoresis separation, and a laser-induced fluorescence detection. With the use of optical trapping, a single vesicle that had attoliters (10(-18) liters) of volume was introduced into the tapered inlet of a separation capillary. Once the vesicle was injected, it was lysed, and its components were fluorescently labeled with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde before separation. The resultant electropherograms indicated distinct variations in the contents of single vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiu, D T -- Lillard, S J -- Scheller, R H -- Zare, R N -- Rodriguez-Cruz, S E -- Williams, E R -- Orwar, O -- Sandberg, M -- Lundqvist, J A -- 1R29GM50336-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA09873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM18386/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R29 GM050336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1190-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/*analysis ; Amino Acids/*analysis ; Animals ; Aplysia/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*chemistry ; *Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Mass Spectrometry ; Naphthalenes ; Peptides/analysis ; Potassium Cyanide ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Taurine/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asfaw, B -- White, T -- Lovejoy, O -- Latimer, B -- Simpson, S -- Suwa, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):629-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rift Valley Research Service, Post Office Box 5717, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bones of Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Leg Bones/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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