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  • Articles  (354)
  • 2005-2009  (354)
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  • 1
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    The changing face of HIV in China (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Lin -- Jia, Manhong -- Ma, Yanling -- Yang, Li -- Chen, Zhiwei -- Ho, David D -- Jiang, Yan -- Zhang, Linqi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):609-11. doi: 10.1038/455609a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prostitution/statistics & numerical data ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sex Ratio ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Ischaemia of the heart, brain and limbs is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypoxia stimulates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other angiogenic factors, leading to neovascularization and protection against ischaemic injury. Here we show that the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha), a potent metabolic sensor and regulator, is induced by a lack of nutrients and oxygen, and PGC-1alpha powerfully regulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in cultured muscle cells and skeletal muscle in vivo. PGC-1alpha-/- mice show a striking failure to reconstitute blood flow in a normal manner to the limb after an ischaemic insult, whereas transgenic expression of PGC-1alpha in skeletal muscle is protective. Surprisingly, the induction of VEGF by PGC-1alpha does not involve the canonical hypoxia response pathway and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Instead, PGC-1alpha coactivates the orphan nuclear receptor ERR-alpha (oestrogen-related receptor-alpha) on conserved binding sites found in the promoter and in a cluster within the first intron of the VEGF gene. Thus, PGC-1alpha and ERR-alpha, major regulators of mitochondrial function in response to exercise and other stimuli, also control a novel angiogenic pathway that delivers needed oxygen and substrates. PGC-1alpha may provide a novel therapeutic target for treating ischaemic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arany, Zoltan -- Foo, Shi-Yin -- Ma, Yanhong -- Ruas, Jorge L -- Bommi-Reddy, Archana -- Girnun, Geoffrey -- Cooper, Marcus -- Laznik, Dina -- Chinsomboon, Jessica -- Rangwala, Shamina M -- Baek, Kwan Hyuck -- Rosenzweig, Anthony -- Spiegelman, Bruce M -- P30 DK040561/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561-12/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK054477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):1008-12. doi: 10.1038/nature06613.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. zarany1@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Ischemia/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transgenes/genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oganov, Artem R -- Chen, Jiuhua -- Gatti, Carlo -- Ma, Yanzhang -- Ma, Yanming -- Glass, Colin W -- Liu, Zhenxian -- Yu, Tony -- Kurakevych, Oleksandr O -- Solozhenko, Vladimir L -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):292. doi: 10.1038/nature08164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-03
    Description: Boron is an element of fascinating chemical complexity. Controversies have shrouded this element since its discovery was announced in 1808: the new 'element' turned out to be a compound containing less than 60-70% of boron, and it was not until 1909 that 99% pure boron was obtained. And although we now know of at least 16 polymorphs, the stable phase of boron is not yet experimentally established even at ambient conditions. Boron's complexities arise from frustration: situated between metals and insulators in the periodic table, boron has only three valence electrons, which would favour metallicity, but they are sufficiently localized that insulating states emerge. However, this subtle balance between metallic and insulating states is easily shifted by pressure, temperature and impurities. Here we report the results of high-pressure experiments and ab initio evolutionary crystal structure predictions that explore the structural stability of boron under pressure and, strikingly, reveal a partially ionic high-pressure boron phase. This new phase is stable between 19 and 89 GPa, can be quenched to ambient conditions, and has a hitherto unknown structure (space group Pnnm, 28 atoms in the unit cell) consisting of icosahedral B(12) clusters and B(2) pairs in a NaCl-type arrangement. We find that the ionicity of the phase affects its electronic bandgap, infrared adsorption and dielectric constants, and that it arises from the different electronic properties of the B(2) pairs and B(12) clusters and the resultant charge transfer between them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oganov, Artem R -- Chen, Jiuhua -- Gatti, Carlo -- Ma, Yanzhang -- Ma, Yanming -- Glass, Colin W -- Liu, Zhenxian -- Yu, Tony -- Kurakevych, Oleksandr O -- Solozhenko, Vladimir L -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):863-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07736. Epub 2009 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Crystallography, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. artem.oganov@sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19182772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Transparent dense sodium (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-13
    Description: Under pressure, metals exhibit increasingly shorter interatomic distances. Intuitively, this response is expected to be accompanied by an increase in the widths of the valence and conduction bands and hence a more pronounced free-electron-like behaviour. But at the densities that can now be achieved experimentally, compression can be so substantial that core electrons overlap. This effect dramatically alters electronic properties from those typically associated with simple free-electron metals such as lithium (Li; refs 1-3) and sodium (Na; refs 4, 5), leading in turn to structurally complex phases and superconductivity with a high critical temperature. But the most intriguing prediction-that the seemingly simple metals Li (ref. 1) and Na (ref. 4) will transform under pressure into insulating states, owing to pairing of alkali atoms-has yet to be experimentally confirmed. Here we report experimental observations of a pressure-induced transformation of Na into an optically transparent phase at approximately 200 GPa (corresponding to approximately 5.0-fold compression). Experimental and computational data identify the new phase as a wide bandgap dielectric with a six-coordinated, highly distorted double-hexagonal close-packed structure. We attribute the emergence of this dense insulating state not to atom pairing, but to p-d hybridizations of valence electrons and their repulsion by core electrons into the lattice interstices. We expect that such insulating states may also form in other elements and compounds when compression is sufficiently strong that atomic cores start to overlap strongly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Yanming -- Eremets, Mikhail -- Oganov, Artem R -- Xie, Yu -- Trojan, Ivan -- Medvedev, Sergey -- Lyakhov, Andriy O -- Valle, Mario -- Prakapenka, Vitali -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):182-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. mym@jlu.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    High-thermoelectric performance of nanostructured bismuth antimony telluride bulk alloys (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) bulk alloys has remained around 1 for more than 50 years. We show that a peak ZT of 1.4 at 100 degrees C can be achieved in a p-type nanocrystalline BiSbTe bulk alloy. These nanocrystalline bulk materials were made by hot pressing nanopowders that were ball-milled from crystalline ingots under inert conditions. Electrical transport measurements, coupled with microstructure studies and modeling, show that the ZT improvement is the result of low thermal conductivity caused by the increased phonon scattering by grain boundaries and defects. More importantly, ZT is about 1.2 at room temperature and 0.8 at 250 degrees C, which makes these materials useful for cooling and power generation. Cooling devices that use these materials have produced high-temperature differences of 86 degrees , 106 degrees , and 119 degrees C with hot-side temperatures set at 50 degrees, 100 degrees, and 150 degrees C, respectively. This discovery sets the stage for use of a new nanocomposite approach in developing high-performance low-cost bulk thermoelectric materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poudel, Bed -- Hao, Qing -- Ma, Yi -- Lan, Yucheng -- Minnich, Austin -- Yu, Bo -- Yan, Xiao -- Wang, Dezhi -- Muto, Andrew -- Vashaee, Daryoosh -- Chen, Xiaoyuan -- Liu, Junming -- Dresselhaus, Mildred S -- Chen, Gang -- Ren, Zhifeng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):634-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1156446. Epub 2008 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Regulators of PP2C phosphatase activity function as abscisic acid sensors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) acts as a developmental signal and as an integrator of environmental cues such as drought and cold. Key players in ABA signal transduction include the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) ABI1 and ABI2, which act by negatively regulating ABA responses. In this study, we identify interactors of ABI1 and ABI2 which we have named regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCARs). In Arabidopsis, RCARs belong to a family with 14 members that share structural similarity with class 10 pathogen-related proteins. RCAR1 was shown to bind ABA, to mediate ABA-dependent inactivation of ABI1 or ABI2 in vitro, and to antagonize PP2C action in planta. Other RCARs also mediated ABA-dependent regulation of ABI1 and ABI2, consistent with a combinatorial assembly of receptor complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Yue -- Szostkiewicz, Izabela -- Korte, Arthur -- Moes, Daniele -- Yang, Yi -- Christmann, Alexander -- Grill, Erwin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1064-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1172408. Epub 2009 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl fur Botanik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Am Hochanger 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Germination ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Plant Stomata/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Point Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stereoisomerism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The magnetic memory of Titan's ionized atmosphere (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: After 3 years and 31 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini Orbiter, Titan was finally observed in the shocked solar wind, outside of Saturn's magnetosphere. These observations revealed that Titan's flow-induced magnetosphere was populated by "fossil" fields originating from Saturn, to which the satellite was exposed before its excursion through the magnetopause. In addition, strong magnetic shear observed at the edge of Titan's induced magnetosphere suggests that reconnection may have been involved in the replacement of the fossil fields by the interplanetary magnetic field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertucci, C -- Achilleos, N -- Dougherty, M K -- Modolo, R -- Coates, A J -- Szego, K -- Masters, A -- Ma, Y -- Neubauer, F M -- Garnier, P -- Wahlund, J-E -- Young, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1475-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1159780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. cbertucci@iafe.uba.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on Piezoresistive of Doped Carbon Nanotube Films (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 23 (Jan. 2005), p. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The piezoresistive effect in iodine-doped carbon nanotube films was investigated by a three-point bending test. Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by hotfilament chemical vapor deposition. The experimental results showed that the gaugefactor for I-doped and undoped carbon nanotube films under 500 microstrain wasabout 350 and 65 respectively at room temperature, exceeding that of polycrystallinesilicon (30) at 35℃. The origin of the piezoresistivity in the films may be ascribed to a strain-induced change in the band gap for the doped tubes and the intertube contact resistance and defects for the undoped tubes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/43/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FJMNM.23.309.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory expression of recombinant proteins in an attenuated Vibrio anguillarum strain for potential use in vaccines (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Vibrio anguillarum is an important bacterial fish pathogen responsible for epizootics in both marine and freshwater fish worldwide. Studies on pathogenic V. anguillarum has shown that its virulence is mediated by a 65 kb endogenous pJM1-like plasmid, which encodes an efficient iron uptake system. The plasmid-free derivative of wild V. anguillarum was found to be greatly attenuated and elicited a good protection against wild V. anguillarum in fish. In this study, a plasmid-free derivative MVAV6201, an effective live vaccine candidate, was used as a carrier strain to achieve the secretory delivery of recombinant proteins in V. anguillarum. The secretion mechanism was based on the Escherichia coliα-haemolysin (HlyA) transport system. The recombinant proteins were fused with the α-haemolysin secretion signal (HlyAs) and expressed from the commonly used HlyA secretion vector pMOhly1. Two HlyAs-tagged recombinant proteins, GFP-HlyAs and AngE-HlyAs, were constructed and their secretion characters in V. anguillarum investigated. In the case of GFP-HlyAs, nearly 70% of the total fusion protein was efficiently secreted into culture supernatant, and in the case of AngE-HlyAs, the secretion efficiency was determined to be about 300 μg L−1 by Western blotting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00679.x
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