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  • 1
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    Advances in Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Scarring of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments is a hallmark of progressive kidney disease. Renal fibrosis involves a complex interplay between kidney cells, leukocytes and fibroblasts in which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role. This eBook provides a comprehensive update on TGF-β signalling pathways and introduces a range of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis both upstream and downstream of TGF-β. The wide variety of potential new targets described herein bodes well for the future development of effective therapies to tackle the major clinical problem of progressive renal fibrosis.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; TGF-beta ; fibroblast ; JNK ; miRNA ; Smad ; non-classical RAS ; BMP7 ; HDAC ; HIPK2 ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Design of blade-shaped-electrode linear ion traps with reduced anharmonic contributions (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-20
    Description: RF quadrupole linear Paul traps are versatile tools in quantum physics experiments. Linear Paul traps with blade-shaped electrodes have the advantages of larger solid angles for fluorescence collection. But with these kinds of traps, the existence of higher-order anharmonic terms of the trap potentials can cause large heating rate for the trapped ions. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the dependence of higher-order terms of trap potentials on the geometry of blade-shaped traps, and offer an optimized design. A modified blade electrodes trap is proposed to further reduce higher-order anharmonic terms while still retaining large fluorescence collection angle.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Determination of the photodisintegration reaction rates involving charged particles: Systematic calculations and proposed measurements based on the facility for Extreme Light Infrastructure–Nuclear Physics (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-02
    Description: Author(s): H. Y. Lan, Y. Xu, W. Luo, D. L. Balabanski, S. Goriely, M. La Cognata, C. Matei, A. Anzalone, S. Chesnevskaya, G. L. Guardo, D. Lattuada, R. G. Pizzone, S. Romano, C. Spitaleri, A. Taffara, A. Tumino, and Z. C. Zhu Photodisintegration reaction rates involving charged particles are relevant to the p-process nucleosynthesis that aims at explaining the production of stable neutron-deficient nuclides heavier than iron. In this study, considering the compound and pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms, the cross secti... [Phys. Rev. C 98, 054601] Published Thu Nov 01, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Subduction Interface Earthquakes in Japan Using Site Class and Simple Geometric Attenuation Functions (2016)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-26
    Description: We presented a set of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the horizontal components of strong-motion records from subduction interface events in Japan. We assembled and processed in a consistent manner a large set of strong-motion records from reliably identified subduction interface events up to the end of 2012. The GMPEs were based on a set of simple geometric attenuation functions, and site class was based on site period as the site parameter. We adopted a bilinear magnitude-scaling function hinged at M w  7.1 and found that the magnitude-scaling rate for large events is much smaller than that for smaller events. To reliably determine the magnitude-scaling rate for events with M w ≥7.1, we used a set of strong-motion records obtained since 1968 to increase the number of records from large events. A small number of strong-motion records are from recording stations with inferred site classes using the response spectral ratio of the horizontal-to-vertical components or a geological description of the surface soil layers. The effect of site information quality for subduction interface events was examined using a goodness-of-fit parameter from a dataset with or without the sites having an inferred site class. The site information quality made a significant difference at all spectral periods, because the model fit improved significantly when the sites with inferred classes were excluded. We modeled the effect of volcanic zones using an anelastic attenuation coefficient applied to the horizontal portion of the seismic-wave travel distance within a set of assumed volcanic zones. The within-event residuals were approximately separated into within-site and between-site components, and the corresponding standard deviations were calculated using a random effects model. The between-site standard deviations vary significantly among site classes and with spectral periods. Online Material: Figures showing distributions of between-event and within-event residuals.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 5
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    Towards Empathetic Open-domain Conversation Models: a New Benchmark and Dataset. (arXiv:1811.00207v5 [cs.CL] UPDATED) (2019)
    In:  arXiv.org: Computer Science -- Computation and Language
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉One challenge for dialogue agents is recognizing feelings in the conversation partner and replying accordingly, a key communicative skill. While it is straightforward for humans to recognize and acknowledge others' feelings in a conversation, this is a significant challenge for AI systems due to the paucity of suitable publicly-available datasets for training and evaluation. This work proposes a new benchmark for empathetic dialogue generation and EmpatheticDialogues, a novel dataset of 25k conversations grounded in emotional situations. Our experiments indicate that dialogue models that use our dataset are perceived to be more empathetic by human evaluators, compared to models merely trained on large-scale Internet conversation data. We also present empirical comparisons of dialogue model adaptations for empathetic responding, leveraging existing models or datasets without requiring lengthy re-training of the full model. 〈/p〉
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  • 6
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    Smad4 represses the generation of memory-precursor effector T cells but is required for the differentiation of central memory T cells (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: Smad4 represses the generation of memory-precursor effector T cells but is required for the differentiation of central memory T cells Cell Death and Disease 6, e1984 (November 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.337 Authors: J Cao, X Zhang, Q Wang, G Qiu, C Hou, J Wang, Q Cheng, Y Lan, H Han, H Shen, Y Zhang, X Yang, B Shen & J Zhang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    The Genome of a Mongolian Individual Reveals the Genetic Imprints of Mongolians on Modern Human Populations (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Description: Mongolians have played a significant role in modern human evolution, especially after the rise of Genghis Khan (1162[?]–1227). Although the social cultural impacts of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian population have been well documented, explorations of their genome structure and genetic imprints on other human populations have been lacking. We here present the genome of a Mongolian male individual. The genome was de novo assembled using a total of 130.8-fold genomic data produced from massively parallel whole-genome sequencing. We identified high-confidence variation sets, including 3.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 756,234 short insertions and deletions. Functional SNP analysis predicted that the individual has a pathogenic risk for carnitine deficiency. We located the patrilineal inheritance of the Mongolian genome to the lineage D3a through Y haplogroup analysis and inferred that the individual has a common patrilineal ancestor with Tibeto-Burman populations and is likely to be the progeny of the earliest settlers in East Asia. We finally investigated the genetic imprints of Mongolians on other human populations using different approaches. We found varying degrees of gene flows between Mongolians and populations living in Europe, South/Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The analyses demonstrate that the genetic impacts of Mongolians likely resulted from the expansion of the Mongolian Empire in the 13th century. The genome will be of great help in further explorations of modern human evolution and genetic causes of diseases/traits specific to Mongolians.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    High-thermoelectric performance of nanostructured bismuth antimony telluride bulk alloys (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) bulk alloys has remained around 1 for more than 50 years. We show that a peak ZT of 1.4 at 100 degrees C can be achieved in a p-type nanocrystalline BiSbTe bulk alloy. These nanocrystalline bulk materials were made by hot pressing nanopowders that were ball-milled from crystalline ingots under inert conditions. Electrical transport measurements, coupled with microstructure studies and modeling, show that the ZT improvement is the result of low thermal conductivity caused by the increased phonon scattering by grain boundaries and defects. More importantly, ZT is about 1.2 at room temperature and 0.8 at 250 degrees C, which makes these materials useful for cooling and power generation. Cooling devices that use these materials have produced high-temperature differences of 86 degrees , 106 degrees , and 119 degrees C with hot-side temperatures set at 50 degrees, 100 degrees, and 150 degrees C, respectively. This discovery sets the stage for use of a new nanocomposite approach in developing high-performance low-cost bulk thermoelectric materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poudel, Bed -- Hao, Qing -- Ma, Yi -- Lan, Yucheng -- Minnich, Austin -- Yu, Bo -- Yan, Xiao -- Wang, Dezhi -- Muto, Andrew -- Vashaee, Daryoosh -- Chen, Xiaoyuan -- Liu, Junming -- Dresselhaus, Mildred S -- Chen, Gang -- Ren, Zhifeng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):634-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1156446. Epub 2008 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Antagonistic actions of Msx1 and Osr2 pattern mammalian teeth into a single row (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Mammals have single-rowed dentitions, whereas many nonmammalian vertebrates have teeth in multiple rows. Neither the molecular mechanism regulating iterative tooth initiation nor that restricting mammalian tooth development in one row is known. We found that mice lacking the transcription factor odd-skipped related-2 (Osr2) develop supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars because of expansion of the odontogenic field. Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient and restricted expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4), an essential odontogenic signal, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. Expansion of odontogenic field in Osr2-deficient mice required Msx1, a feedback activator of Bmp4 expression. These findings suggest that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway propagates mesenchymal activation for sequential tooth induction and that spatial modulation of this pathway provides a mechanism for patterning vertebrate dentition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Zunyi -- Lan, Yu -- Chai, Yang -- Jiang, Rulang -- R01 DE013681/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-06/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-07/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-08/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-09/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01DE013681/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- T32DE007202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1232-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1167418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/metabolism ; Dentition ; Epithelium/embryology/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; MSX1 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Mesoderm/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molar/embryology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *Odontogenesis ; Tooth Germ/embryology/metabolism ; Tooth, Supernumerary/*embryology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    A clock directly linking time to a particle's mass (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: Historically, time measurements have been based on oscillation frequencies in systems of particles, from the motion of celestial bodies to atomic transitions. Relativity and quantum mechanics show that even a single particle of mass m determines a Compton frequency omega(0) = mc(2)/[formula: see text] where c is the speed of light and [formula: see text] is Planck's constant h divided by 2pi. A clock referenced to omega(0) would enable high-precision mass measurements and a fundamental definition of the second. We demonstrate such a clock using an optical frequency comb to self-reference a Ramsey-Borde atom interferometer and synchronize an oscillator at a subharmonic of omega(0.) This directly demonstrates the connection between time and mass. It allows measurement of microscopic masses with 4 x 10(-9) accuracy in the proposed revision to SI units. Together with the Avogadro project, it yields calibrated kilograms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Shau-Yu -- Kuan, Pei-Chen -- Estey, Brian -- English, Damon -- Brown, Justin M -- Hohensee, Michael A -- Muller, Holger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):554-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230767. Epub 2013 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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