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  • *Fossils  (25)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (25)
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  • 1
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    Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arsuaga, J L -- Martinez, I -- Arnold, L J -- Aranburu, A -- Gracia-Tellez, A -- Sharp, W D -- Quam, R M -- Falgueres, C -- Pantoja-Perez, A -- Bischoff, J -- Poza-Rey, E -- Pares, J M -- Carretero, J M -- Demuro, M -- Lorenzo, C -- Sala, N -- Martinon-Torres, M -- Garcia, N -- Alcazar de Velasco, A -- Cuenca-Bescos, G -- Gomez-Olivencia, A -- Moreno, D -- Pablos, A -- Shen, C-C -- Rodriguez, L -- Ortega, A I -- Garcia, R -- Bonmati, A -- Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Carbonell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1358-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1253958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontologia, Facultad Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. jlarsuaga@isciii.es. ; Area de Paleontologia, Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcala, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Environment Institute, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Australia. ; Departamento Mineralogia y Petrologia, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontologia, Facultad Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. ; U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA,USA. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. ; Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia. ; Area de Prehistoria, Departamento d'Historia i Historia de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, Tarragona, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Paleontologia, Aragosaurus-IUCA and Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge, UK. ; Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan ROC. ; Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, Tarragona, Spain. Area de Prehistoria, Departamento d'Historia i Historia de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Genetic Drift ; Humans ; Neanderthals/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Reproductive Isolation ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Spain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The Hata Member of the Bouri Formation is defined for Pliocene sedimentary outcrops in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. The Hata Member is dated to 2.5 million years ago and has produced a new species of Australopithecus and hominid postcranial remains not currently assigned to species. Spatially associated zooarchaeological remains show that hominids acquired meat and marrow by 2.5 million years ago and that they are the near contemporary of Oldowan artifacts at nearby Gona. The combined evidence suggests that behavioral changes associated with lithic technology and enhanced carnivory may have been coincident with the emergence of the Homo clade from Australopithecus afarensis in eastern Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Heinzelin, J -- Clark, J D -- White, T -- Hart, W -- Renne, P -- WoldeGabriel, G -- Beyene, Y -- Vrba, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):625-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diet ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Late Pleistocene changes in oceanic primary productivity along the equator in the Indian and Pacific oceans are revealed by quantitative changes in nanoplankton communities preserved in nine deep-sea cores. We show that variations in equatorial productivity are primarily caused by glacial-interglacial variability and by precession-controlled changes in the east-west thermocline slope of the Indo-Pacific. The precession-controlled variations in productivity are linked to processes similar to the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and they precede changes in the oxygen isotopic ratio, which indicates that they are not the result of ice sheet fluctuations. The 30,000-year spectral peak in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean productivity records is also present in the Antarctica atmospheric CO2 record, suggesting an important role for equatorial biological productivity in modifying atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Mix, A C -- Pisias, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2440-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Indian Ocean ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; *Plankton ; Seawater ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A new skull of early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: Another hominid skull has been recovered at Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia) from the same strata in which hominid remains have been reported previously. The Dmanisi site dated to approximately 1.75 million years ago has now produced craniofacial portions of several hominid individuals, along with many well-preserved animal fossils and quantities of stone artifacts. Although there are certain anatomical differences among the Dmanisi specimens, the hominids do not clearly represent more than one taxon. We assign the new skull provisionally to Homo erectus (=ergaster). The Dmanisi specimens are the most primitive and small-brained fossils to be grouped with this species or any taxon linked unequivocally with genus Homo and also the ones most similar to the presumed habilis-like stem. We suggest that the ancestors of the Dmanisi population dispersed from Africa before the emergence of humans identified broadly with the H. erectus grade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vekua, Abesalom -- Lordkipanidze, David -- Rightmire, G Philip -- Agusti, Jordi -- Ferring, Reid -- Maisuradze, Givi -- Mouskhelishvili, Alexander -- Nioradze, Medea -- De Leon, Marcia Ponce -- Tappen, Martha -- Tvalchrelidze, Merab -- Zollikofer, Christoph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):85-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgian State Museum, Georgian Academy of Sciences, 3 Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 380007, Georgia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Anthropology, Physical ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Cephalometry ; Emigration and Immigration ; *Fossils ; Frontal Bone/anatomy & histology ; Geologic Sediments ; Georgia (Republic) ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Nasal Bone/anatomy & histology ; Orbit/anatomy & histology ; Parietal Bone/anatomy & histology ; Rodentia ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology ; Tooth
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  • 5
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    Isotopic evidence for dietary variability in the early hominin Paranthropus robustus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Traditional methods of dietary reconstruction do not allow the investigation of dietary variability within the lifetimes of individual hominins. However, laser ablation stable isotope analysis reveals that the delta13C values of Paranthropus robustus individuals often changed seasonally and interannually. These data suggest that Paranthropus was not a dietary specialist and that by about 1.8 million years ago, savanna-based foods such as grasses or sedges or animals eating these foods made up an important but highly variable part of its diet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sponheimer, Matt -- Passey, Benjamin H -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Guatelli-Steinberg, Debbie -- Cerling, Thure E -- Lee-Thorp, Julia A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Climate ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Lasers ; *Paleodontology ; Plants ; Poaceae ; Rain ; Seasons ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates. Variants of MC1R with reduced function are associated with pale skin color and red hair in humans of primarily European origin. We amplified and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r) from two Neanderthal remains. Both specimens have a mutation that was not found in approximately 3700 modern humans analyzed. Functional analyses show that this variant reduces MC1R activity to a level that alters hair and/or skin pigmentation in humans. The impaired activity of this variant suggests that Neanderthals varied in pigmentation levels, potentially on the scale observed in modern humans. Our data suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neanderthals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- Rompler, Holger -- Caramelli, David -- Staubert, Claudia -- Catalano, Giulio -- Hughes, David -- Rohland, Nadin -- Pilli, Elena -- Longo, Laura -- Condemi, Silvana -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Stoneking, Mark -- Schoneberg, Torsten -- Bertranpetit, Jaume -- Hofreiter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1453-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. clalueza@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; *Fossils ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Richard E -- Krause, Johannes -- Briggs, Adrian W -- Maricic, Tomislav -- Stenzel, Udo -- Kircher, Martin -- Patterson, Nick -- Li, Heng -- Zhai, Weiwei -- Fritz, Markus Hsi-Yang -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Durand, Eric Y -- Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Alkan, Can -- Prufer, Kay -- Meyer, Matthias -- Burbano, Hernan A -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Schultz, Rigo -- Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer -- Butthof, Anne -- Hober, Barbara -- Hoffner, Barbara -- Siegemund, Madlen -- Weihmann, Antje -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Lander, Eric S -- Russ, Carsten -- Novod, Nathaniel -- Affourtit, Jason -- Egholm, Michael -- Verna, Christine -- Rudan, Pavao -- Brajkovic, Dejana -- Kucan, Zeljko -- Gusic, Ivan -- Doronichev, Vladimir B -- Golovanova, Liubov V -- Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Schmitz, Ralf W -- Johnson, Philip L F -- Eichler, Evan E -- Falush, Daniel -- Birney, Ewan -- Mullikin, James C -- Slatkin, Montgomery -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Kelso, Janet -- Lachmann, Michael -- Reich, David -- Paabo, Svante -- GM40282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):710-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1188021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. green@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone and Bones ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new material. These remains share some features with australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens also share derived features with Homo, including more vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the pelvis at this time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Reed, Nichelle D -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1407-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1202521. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Ilium/anatomy & histology ; Ischium/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Male ; Parturition ; Pelvic Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Pelvis/*anatomy & histology ; Pubic Bone/anatomy & histology ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
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  • 9
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    Mandibular remains support taxonomic validity of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Since the announcement of the species Australopithecus sediba, questions have been raised over whether the Malapa fossils represent a valid taxon or whether inadequate allowance was made for intraspecific variation, in particular with reference to the temporally and geographically proximate species Au. africanus. The morphology of mandibular remains of Au. sediba, including newly recovered material discussed here, shows that it is not merely a late-surviving morph of Au. africanus. Rather-as is seen elsewhere in the cranium, dentition, and postcranial skeleton-these mandibular remains share similarities with other australopiths but can be differentiated from the hypodigm of Au. africanus in both size and shape as well as in their ontogenetic growth trajectory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Ruiter, Darryl J -- DeWitt, Thomas J -- Carlson, Keely B -- Brophy, Juliet K -- Schroeder, Lauren -- Ackermann, Rebecca R -- Churchill, Steven E -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1232997. doi: 10.1126/science.1232997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. deruiter@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Male ; Mandible/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Paleodontology ; South Africa ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 10
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    Size variation in Middle Pleistocene humans (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: It has been suggested that European Middle Pleistocene humans, Neandertals, and prehistoric modern humans had a greater sexual dimorphism than modern humans. Analysis of body size variation and cranial capacity variation in the large sample from the Sima de los Huesos site in Spain showed instead that the sexual dimorphism is comparable in Middle Pleistocene and modern populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arsuaga, J L -- Carretero, J M -- Lorenzo, C -- Gracia, A -- Martinez, I -- Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Carbonell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1086-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Paleontologia, Instituto de Geologia Economica, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9262474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Constitution ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Spain
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