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  • Mice  (59)
  • Meteorology and Climatology
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (59)
  • 2005-2009  (59)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2008  (59)
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  • 2005-2009  (59)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
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    Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, David T -- Gilman, Jodi -- Hersh, Jacqueline -- Thorsell, Annika -- Herion, David -- Geyer, Christopher -- Peng, Xiaomei -- Kielbasa, William -- Rawlings, Robert -- Brandt, John E -- Gehlert, Donald R -- Tauscher, Johannes T -- Hunt, Stephen P -- Hommer, Daniel -- Heilig, Markus -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153813. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Alcohol Drinking/drug therapy ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A model for neuronal competition during development (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: We report that developmental competition between sympathetic neurons for survival is critically dependent on a sensitization process initiated by target innervation and mediated by a series of feedback loops. Target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) promoted expression of its own receptor TrkA in mouse and rat neurons and prolonged TrkA-mediated signals. NGF also controlled expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4, which, through the receptor p75, can kill neighboring neurons with low retrograde NGF-TrkA signaling whereas neurons with high NGF-TrkA signaling are protected. Perturbation of any of these feedback loops disrupts the dynamics of competition. We suggest that three target-initiated events are essential for rapid and robust competition between neurons: sensitization, paracrine apoptotic signaling, and protection from such effects.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deppmann, Christopher D -- Mihalas, Stefan -- Sharma, Nikhil -- Lonze, Bonnie E -- Niebur, Ernst -- Ginty, David D -- EY016281/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 NS053187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS053187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS34814/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1152677. Epub 2008 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mathematics ; Mice ; *Models, Neurological ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Rats ; Receptor, trkA/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Modulation of gene expression via disruption of NF-kappaB signaling by a bacterial small molecule (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: The control of innate immune responses through activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the elimination of invading microbial pathogens. We showed that the bacterial N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-kappaB functions in activated mammalian cells. The consequence is specific repression of stimulus-mediated induction of NF-kappaB-responsive genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and other immune regulators. These findings uncover a strategy by which C12-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, attenuate the innate immune system to establish and maintain local persistent infection in humans, for example, in cystic fibrosis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kravchenko, Vladimir V -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Mathison, John C -- Scott, David A -- Katz, Alexander Z -- Grauer, David C -- Lehmann, Mandy -- Meijler, Michael M -- Janda, Kim D -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):259-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1156499. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pseudomonas Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    White fat progenitor cells reside in the adipose vasculature (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: White adipose (fat) tissues regulate metabolism, reproduction, and life span. Adipocytes form throughout life, with the most marked expansion of the lineage occurring during the postnatal period. Adipocytes develop in coordination with the vasculature, but the identity and location of white adipocyte progenitor cells in vivo are unknown. We used genetically marked mice to isolate proliferating and renewing adipogenic progenitors. We found that most adipocytes descend from a pool of these proliferating progenitors that are already committed, either prenatally or early in postnatal life. These progenitors reside in the mural cell compartment of the adipose vasculature, but not in the vasculature of other tissues. Thus, the adipose vasculature appears to function as a progenitor niche and may provide signals for adipocyte development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597101/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597101/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Wei -- Zeve, Daniel -- Suh, Jae Myoung -- Bosnakovski, Darko -- Kyba, Michael -- Hammer, Robert E -- Tallquist, Michelle D -- Graff, Jonathan M -- 1R01DK064261/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R01DK066556/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064261-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066556-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):583-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1156232. Epub 2008 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes, White/*cytology/metabolism ; Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue/*blood supply/cytology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Blood Vessels/*cytology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxycycline/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/genetics/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/*cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    An inhibitor of FtsZ with potent and selective anti-staphylococcal activity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: FtsZ is an essential bacterial guanosine triphosphatase and homolog of mammalian beta-tubulin that polymerizes and assembles into a ring to initiate cell division. We have created a class of small synthetic antibacterials, exemplified by PC190723, which inhibits FtsZ and prevents cell division. PC190723 has potent and selective in vitro bactericidal activity against staphylococci, including methicillin- and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The putative inhibitor-binding site of PC190723 was mapped to a region of FtsZ that is analogous to the Taxol-binding site of tubulin. PC190723 was efficacious in an in vivo model of infection, curing mice infected with a lethal dose of S. aureus. The data validate FtsZ as a target for antibacterial intervention and identify PC190723 as suitable for optimization into a new anti-staphylococcal therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haydon, David J -- Stokes, Neil R -- Ure, Rebecca -- Galbraith, Greta -- Bennett, James M -- Brown, David R -- Baker, Patrick J -- Barynin, Vladimir V -- Rice, David W -- Sedelnikova, Sveta E -- Heal, Jonathan R -- Sheridan, Joseph M -- Aiwale, Sachin T -- Chauhan, Pramod K -- Srivastava, Anil -- Taneja, Amit -- Collins, Ian -- Errington, Jeff -- Czaplewski, Lloyd G -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1673-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1159961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Prolysis, Begbroke Science Park, Oxfordshire OX5 1PF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacillus subtilis/chemistry/*drug effects/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Ligands ; Methicillin Resistance ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry/*drug effects ; Thiazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tubulin/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Species-specific transcription in mice carrying human chromosome 21 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: Homologous sets of transcription factors direct conserved tissue-specific gene expression, yet transcription factor-binding events diverge rapidly between closely related species. We used hepatocytes from an aneuploid mouse strain carrying human chromosome 21 to determine, on a chromosomal scale, whether interspecies differences in transcriptional regulation are primarily directed by human genetic sequence or mouse nuclear environment. Virtually all transcription factor-binding locations, landmarks of transcription initiation, and the resulting gene expression observed in human hepatocytes were recapitulated across the entire human chromosome 21 in the mouse hepatocyte nucleus. Thus, in homologous tissues, genetic sequence is largely responsible for directing transcriptional programs; interspecies differences in epigenetic machinery, cellular environment, and transcription factors themselves play secondary roles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3717767/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3717767/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Michael D -- Barbosa-Morais, Nuno L -- Schmidt, Dominic -- Conboy, Caitlin M -- Vanes, Lesley -- Tybulewicz, Victor L J -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- Tavare, Simon -- Odom, Duncan T -- 080174/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 15603/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- 202218/European Research Council/International -- A15603/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0601056/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117527252/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):434-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1160930. Epub 2008 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors/*metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Mice ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread. TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for signal transduction. To establish the molecular basis for ligand binding and signaling, we determined the crystal structure of a complex between two mouse TLR3-ECDs and dsRNA at 3.4 angstrom resolution. Each TLR3-ECD binds dsRNA at two sites located at opposite ends of the TLR3 horseshoe, and an intermolecular contact between the two TLR3-ECD C-terminal domains coordinates and stabilizes the dimer. This juxtaposition could mediate downstream signaling by dimerizing the cytoplasmic Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The overall shape of the TLR3-ECD does not change upon binding to dsRNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Lin -- Botos, Istvan -- Wang, Yan -- Leonard, Joshua N -- Shiloach, Joseph -- Segal, David M -- Davies, David R -- Z01 BC009254-33/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):379-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1155406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Comment on "Brain IRS2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis" (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Taguchi et al. (Reports, 20 July 2007, p. 369) reported that mice heterozygous for a null mutation in insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) display a 17% increase in median life span. However, using the same mouse model, we find no evidence for life-span extension and suggest that the findings of Taguchi et al. were due to atypical life-span profiles in their study animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selman, Colin -- Lingard, Steven -- Gems, David -- Partridge, Linda -- Withers, Dominic J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1012; author reply 1012. doi: 10.1126/science.1152366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Research Design ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Human-specific gain of function in a developmental enhancer (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that 13 substitutions clustered in an 81-base pair module otherwise highly constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer the human-specific limb expression domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Visel, Axel -- Akiyama, Jennifer A -- Shoukry, Malak -- Lewis, Keith D -- Holt, Amy -- Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid -- Morrison, Harris -- Fitzpatrick, David R -- Afzal, Veena -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Rubin, Edward M -- Noonan, James P -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1346-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1159974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Embryonic Development ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extremities/*embryology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Limb Buds/embryology/metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PAX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Early forebrain wiring: genetic dissection using conditional Celsr3 mutant mice (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Development of axonal tracts requires interactions between growth cones and the environment. Tracts such as the anterior commissure and internal capsule are defective in mice with null mutation of Celsr3. We generated a conditional Celsr3 allele, allowing regional inactivation. Inactivation in telencephalon, ventral forebrain, or cortex demonstrated essential roles for Celsr3 in neurons that project axons to the anterior commissure and subcerebral targets, as well as in cells that guide axons through the internal capsule. When Celsr3 was inactivated in cortex, subcerebral projections failed to grow, yet corticothalamic axons developed normally, indicating that besides guidepost cells, additional Celsr3-independent cues can assist their progression. These observations provide in vivo evidence that Celsr3-mediated interactions between axons and guidepost cells govern axonal tract formation in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746700/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746700/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Libing -- Bar, Isabelle -- Achouri, Younes -- Campbell, Kenneth -- De Backer, Olivier -- Hebert, Jean M -- Jones, Kevin -- Kessaris, Nicoletta -- de Rouvroit, Catherine Lambert -- O'Leary, Dennis -- Richardson, William D -- Goffinet, Andre M -- Tissir, Fadel -- G0501173/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800575/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9708005/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 MH086147/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH086147-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031558/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031558-15/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):946-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1155244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Neurobiology, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cadherins/*genetics/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Internal Capsule/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/*embryology/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/cytology/*embryology/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/*physiology ; Septal Nuclei/embryology/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/embryology ; Tissue Culture Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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