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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2004  (23)
  • Biology  (23)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 2000-2004  (23)
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  • 1
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    Topical Progesterone Cream Does Not Increase Thrombotic and Inflammatory Factors in Postmenopausal Women. (2004)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-16
    Description: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and heart disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal American women. Conventional hormone replacement therapy has been shown to result in an increase in thrombotic events in large prospective clinical trials including HERS I, and the recently halted Women’s Health Initiative. One possible mechanism for this observed increase is the unfavorable net effects of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the hemostatic balance and inflammatory factors. An estimated 50 million American women are peri or postmenopausal and clinical therapies for menopausal symptoms remain a significant challenge in light of the known thrombotic risks. In this prospective blinded study, we examined the short-term effect of topical progesterone cream on menopausal symptom relief in 30 healthy postmenopausal women. Potential adverse effects of topical progesterone on hemostatic and inflammatory factors and cortisol levels were also examined. Subjects were randomized to first receive either 20 mg of topical progesterone cream or placebo cream for 4 weeks. Following a subsequent 4-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to either placebo cream or active drug for an additional 4-week period. In each case, progesterone and cortisol levels were monitored by salivary sampling. Baseline values, 4-week follow-up values and end-of-study values were also obtained for the Greene Climacteric Scale, total factor VII:C, factor VIIa, factor V, fibrinogen, antithrombin, PAI-1, CRP, TNFα, and IL-6. For subjects receiving 20 mg of topical progesterone cream for 4 weeks, Greene Climacteric Scale scores were consistently and significantly improved (decreased) over baseline, demonstrating significant relief from menopausal symptoms. In addition, in a subpopulation of hypercortisolemic women, topical progesterone was associated with a favorable decrease in nocturnal cortisol. Surprisingly, and in sharp contrast to earlier studies with conventional hormone replacement therapy, topical progesterone had no effect on any of the hemostatic components examined: total factor VII:C, factor VIIa, factor V, fibrinogen, antithrombin, and PAI-1 levels were all unchanged. Levels of CRP, TNFα and IL-6 also remained unchanged. From this study we conclude that administration of topical progesterone cream at a daily dose of 20 mg significantly relieves menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women without adversely altering prothrombotic potential. Since the thrombotic complications that are typically observed with conventional hormone replacement therapy do not seem to occur with topical progesterone, this treatment should be seriously considered as an effective and safe alternative clinical therapy for women suffering from menopausal symptoms.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in the self-incompatibility system of Solanum carolinense (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Plant species biology 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Solanum carolinense has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system that is typical of the Solanaceae in which pistils produce specific S-RNase proteins that disrupt the growth of pollen tubes sharing the same S-allele. However, unlike most self-incompatible plants Solanum carolinense is a weed. Self-incompatibility is uncommon in weeds because disturbed habitats require frequent recolonization (hence populations are repeatedly founded by few individuals bearing a limited number of S-alleles), effective population sizes are small (supporting few S-alleles) and habitats are ephemeral (so there is limited time for the migration of additional S-alleles into populations). We carried out a series of greenhouse experiments using clonal replicates (rhizome cuttings) of plants from two natural populations of S. carolinense to determine if there is variation in the strength of GSI within these populations. We found that the growth rate of self-pollen tubes and self-fertility increases with floral age. That is, flowers become more self-compatible as they age. Moreover, we found that self-fertility increases on plants in which the first 20 flowers receive no cross pollen. That is, when few or no fruits are produced on the first 20 flowers, self-pollination is more likely to result in fruit/seed set. Finally, we found that genotypes differ in their degree of self-fertility indicating that there is broadsense heritability for plasticity in the strength of self-incompatibility. These findings indicate that some genotypes of S. carolinense are capable of producing self-seed when cross pollen is scarce, even though the plants have a functional GSI system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00109.x
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  • 3
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    Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Wilson, Michael C -- Matheus, Paul E -- Sher, Andrei V -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Barnes, Ian -- Binladen, Jonas -- Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Baryshnikov, Gennady F -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergei -- Driver, Jonathan C -- Froese, Duane G -- Harington, C Richard -- Keddie, Grant -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kunz, Michael L -- Martin, Larry D -- Stephenson, Robert O -- Storer, John -- Tedford, Richard -- Zimov, Sergei -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1561-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Bison/classification/genetics ; Canada ; China ; *Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Activities ; Humans ; North America ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ferroelectricity in ultrathin perovskite films (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Understanding the suppression of ferroelectricity in perovskite thin films is a fundamental issue that has remained unresolved for decades. We report a synchrotron x-ray study of lead titanate as a function of temperature and film thickness for films as thin as a single unit cell. At room temperature, the ferroelectric phase is stable for thicknesses down to 3 unit cells (1.2 nanometers). Our results imply that no thickness limit is imposed on practical devices by an intrinsic ferroelectric size effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fong, Dillon D -- Stephenson, G Brian -- Streiffer, Stephen K -- Eastman, Jeffrey A -- Auciello, Orlando -- Fuoss, Paul H -- Thompson, Carol -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Intracellular acidosis enhances the excitability of working muscle (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: Intracellular acidification of skeletal muscles is commonly thought to contribute to muscle fatigue. However, intracellular acidosis also acts to preserve muscle excitability when muscles become depolarized, which occurs with working muscles. Here, we show that this process may be mediated by decreased chloride permeability, which enables action potentials to still be propagated along the internal network of tubules in a muscle fiber (the T system) despite muscle depolarization. These results implicate chloride ion channels in muscle function and emphasize that intracellular acidosis of muscle has protective effects during muscle fatigue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, Thomas H -- Nielsen, Ole B -- Lamb, Graham D -- Stephenson, D George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1144-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscle Contraction ; *Muscle Fatigue ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/*physiology ; Permeability ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Differential activity-dependent regulation of the lateral mobilities of AMPA and NMDA receptors (2004)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-20
    Print ISSN: 1097-6256
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1726
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Development of Tissue Culture Methods for the Rescue and Propagation of Endangered Moringa Spp. Germplasm (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-0001
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-9364
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Identification of hypomorphic and null alleles of swallow via molecular and phenotypic analyses (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0949-944X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-041X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Inbreeding influences herbivory in Cucurbita pepo ssp. texana (Cucurbitaceae) (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-14
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Phase 1 Study of Talabostat and Rituximab in Patients with Indolent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma with Primary Resistance to or Progression Following Rituximab. (2004)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-16
    Description: Background: Talabostat (PT-100), an orally available inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases, is in Phase 2 studies for B-cell malignancies and solid tumors. Talabostat increases production of cytokines and chemokines in lymph nodes and spleen, stimulating both adaptive and innate immune responses (Adams S, Cancer Research, 2004;64:5471). Talabostat may thus enhance the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of MAbs such as rituximab. Methods: This is a Phase 1 study to evaluate the safety and activity of talabostat and rituximab in patients with indolent NHL who did not respond or progressed following rituximab. Rituximab 375mg/m2 was administered weekly x 4. Total daily doses of talabostat 400μg (n=6), 600μg (n=3), or 800μg (n=6) were administered BID for 6 days following each dose of rituximab. Cytokines and chemokines were assessed pre-, 2, and 6 hours post-talabostat on Days 1, 6, 13, 20, and 27. Flow cytometry was performed at baseline and Day 28. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed at specified times. Adverse events (AEs) were graded per NCI-CTC and recorded throughout the study. Disease assessments were performed on Days 28 and 84. Results: 11 men and 4 women aged 48–82 with NHL (n=10) or SLL/CLL (n=5) have been treated. 9 patients completed the 28-day study: 4 at 400μg, 1 at 600μg, and 4 at 800μg. Enrollment continues at 400μg/day. The most frequent AEs have been edema (67%), nausea (47%), dizziness (40%), hypotension (33%), fatigue (33%), vomiting (33%), constipation (33%), thrombocytopenia (27%), and weight gain (27%). Grade 3 toxicities include: dizziness, myopathy (400μg/day), and 2 events of thrombocytopenia (600μg/day). Grade 3 peripheral edema, myalgia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypereosinophilia, elevated CPK (primarily CK-MM), and rhabdomyolysis were seen in 2/6 patients at 800μg/day; these events were DLTs. One partial response (PR) lasting 7 months was seen in one patient (800μg/day). A PR was seen in a second patient at 800μg/day but did not meet the strict NCI-WG criteria for response. Elevations in cytokines 〉ULN were reported across all doses following talabostat: G-CSF (13/15), IL-1β (10/15), IL-2 (7/15), IL-6 (8/15), IL-8 (8/15), IL-10 (11/15), TNF-α (11/15), and IFN-γ (3/15). At Day 28 or early termination, CD20 was decreased in most (12/15) patients. Increases were seen in the percentage of CD3 (12/15), CD3/4 (11/15) and CD3/8 (9/15). In all 5 patients with SLL/CLL, CD5+/CD20+ was
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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