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  • Humans  (90)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (72)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Chemical Engineering
  • General Chemistry
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (183)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1999  (183)
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  • 1995-1999  (183)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanza, R P -- Arrow, K J -- Axelrod, J -- Baltimore, D -- Benacerraf, B -- Bloch, K E -- Bloembergen, N -- Brown, H C -- Brown, M S -- Cibelli, J B -- Cohen, S -- Cooper, L N -- Corey, E J -- Dulbecco, R -- Fischer, E H -- Fitch, V L -- Friedmen, M -- Friedman, M -- Furchgott, R F -- Gell-Mann, M -- Glaser, D A -- Glashow, S L -- Gilbert, W -- Goldstein, J L -- Wilson, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1849-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; Biomedical Research ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Politics ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Risk Assessment ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C L -- Ouellette, A J -- Satchell, D P -- Ayabe, T -- Lopez-Boado, Y S -- Stratman, J L -- Hultgren, S J -- Matrisian, L M -- Parks, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. wilson_c@kids.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/immunology/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paneth Cells/enzymology ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft is currently in a 400-km altitude polar mapping orbit and scheduled to begin global mapping of Mars in March of 1999. Doppler tracking data collected in this Gravity Calibration Orbit prior to the nominal mapping mission combined with observations from the MGS Science Phasing Orbit in Spring - Summer 1999 and the Viking and mariner 9 orbiters has led to preliminary high resolution gravity fields. Spherical harmonic expansions have been performed to degree and order 70 and are characterized by the first high spatial resolution coverage of high latitudes. Topographic mapping by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on MGS is providing measurements of the height of the martian surface with sub-meter vertical resolution and 5-30 m absolute accuracy. Data obtained during the circular mapping phase are expected to provide the first high resolution measurements of surface heights in the southern hemisphere. The combination of gravity and topography measurements provides information on the structure of the planetary interior, i.e. the rigidity and distribution of internal density. The observations can also be used to address the mechanisms of support of surface topography. Preliminary results of correlations of gravity and topography at long planetary wavelengths will be presented and the implications for internal structure will be addressed.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Jun 01, 1999 - Jun 03, 1999; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: During the last eight months of the Lunar Prospector mission (December 1999-July 1999), the spacecraft was placed in a relatively low-altitude (15-30-km perapsis), near-polar orbit that allowed high-resolution mapping of crustal magnetic fields. We report here initial studies of the correlation of locally strong magnetic anomalies with unusual, swirl-like albedo markings of the Reiner Gamma class. Based on this correlation, which is known from earlier studies of Apollo subsatellite magnetometer data, it has been proposed that the swirls represent regions whose higher albedos have been preserved via deflection of the solar-wind ion bombardment by strong crustal fields. This model in turn depends on the hypothesis that solar-wind implanted H is at least one component of the process that optically matures exposed silicate surfaces in the inner solar system . Specifically, it is hypothesized that implanted H acts as an effective reducing agent to enhance the rate of production of nanophase metallic Fe particles from preexisting silicates during micrometeoroid impacts. According to the model, the curvilinear shapes of these albedo markings are caused, at least in part, by the geometry of ion deflections in a magnetic field. The improved resolution and coverage of the Prospector data allow more detailed mapping of the fields, especially on the lunar farside. This permits a more quantitative test of whether all albedo markings of this class are associated with strong local magnetic fields.Only if the latter condition is met can the solar-wind deflection hypothesis he valid. The basic procedure for mapping crustal magnetic fields using Lunar Prospector magnetometer data follows that developed for analysis of Apollo subsatellite magnetometer data. The specific mapping steps are (1) selection of mission time intervals suitable for mapping crustal fields; these are limited essentially either to times when the Moon is in a lobe of the geomagnetic tail or to times when the Moon is in the solar wind but the spacecraft is in the lunar wake; the data are transformed to a radial, east, and north coordinate system with measurements given as a function of spacecraft latitude, longitude, and altitude; (2) visual editing of individual orbit segments selected for minimal external field disturbances; (3) minimization of remaining low-frequency external fields for individual orbit data segments by quadratic detrending; and (4) two-dimensional filtering of individual orbit segments to produce a vector field map along the slightly curved surface defined by the spacecraft altitude; maps of the three field components (radial, east, and north), the field magnitude, and the spacecraft altitude are constructed. For data obtained at low to middle latitudes, the horizontal resolution of the field maps is limited by the orbit-track separation (about 30 km at the equator). Maps of the field magnitude have been constructed within limited selenographic regions based mainly on data acquired in March, April, and May of 1999. This was a time period when the orbit plane was nearly aligned with the Sun-Moon line so that field mapping was possible at times when the Moon was in the solar wind as well as when the Moon was in the geomagnetic tail. Most of the coverage is across the lunar farside. However, a shows an example of a field map produced from solar-wind wake data for a region including Reiner Gamm on western Oceanus Procellarum (location: 58.5W, 7.5N). The contour interval is 3 nT and the mean spacecraft altitude is 18 km to within the accuracy allowed by the resolution of the map (30 km or about 1 deg.); strong magnetic anomalies correlate closely with swirl locations. Individual orbit profiles (whose resolution along the orbit track is comparable to the spacecraft altitude of 18 km) also demonstrate a good correlation of field magnitude with surface albedo. In order to investigate the correlation of magnetic fields with the location of swirl features, we have reexamined available lunar imagery (Lunar Orbiter, Apollo, and Clementine) to identify and map swirl locations within regions where swirls have previously been mapped. In these images, swirls were distinguished from other high-albedo features such as crater rays by their curvilinear shapes and increased visibility in forward-scattered light. Digital maps of swirls identified by all available imagery were then superposed on maps of the field magnitude at the spacecraft altitude. Based upon analysis of these composite magnetic/geologic maps, we draw the preliminary conclusion that swirl features are associated with magnetic anomalies revealed by Lunar Prospector. Detailed maps of these swirl features are currently being constructed for the magnetically strong regions antipodal to the Imbrium, Serenitatis, and Crisium Basins. Additional information contained in the original,
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on New Views of the Moon 2: Understanding the Moon Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets; 28-29; LPI-Contrib-980
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 505-507 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocycle ; Pyrazole ; N-Heterocycle ; Carbonate ; Copper ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 22-membered macrocycle, spanning four endocyclic pyrazole groups, viz. 1,4,9,14,17,22,27,28,29,30-decaaza-5,13,18,26-tetramethylpentacyclo[24.2.1.14,7.111,14.117,20]triacontane-5,7(28),11(29),12,18,20(30),24(27),25-octaene (22Pz), rendered the tetranuclear compound [Cu4(22Pz)2(CO3)2(MeOH)2](ClO4)4(MeOH)4. The copper(II) ions are in distorted octahedral N3O3 environments. All four pyrazole groups of each macrocycle participate in the coordination of the copper(II) ions. The cationic part of this compound is in fact a dimer of two macrocyclic ligands, each containing two copper(II) ions bridged by two carbonate ions in the highly unusual pentacoordinating fashion.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/1999/98332_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Nitrosobenzenes ; ortho-Nitrosoanilines ; 2-Nitroso-1,3-phenylenediamines ; Nucleophilic aromatic substitution ; Oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The reaction of primary amines bearing tertiary alkyl groups (e.g. R-NH2; R = tBu, 1-adamantyl) with nitrosobenzenes has been found to proceed by oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen, thereby affording N-(tert-alkyl)-ortho- and -para-nitrosoanilines. The replacement of hydrogen proceeds more rapidly than the replacement of ortho- or para-nitro or -bromo substituents. With p-nitronitrosobenzene, both ortho-hydrogen atoms are substituted to afford N,N′-di(tert-alkyl)-4-nitro-2-nitroso-1,3-phenylenediamines 8a,b. The addition of oxidizing agents (e.g. MnO2) increases the yield of products. 1H-, 13C-, 14N- and 15N-NMR studies have confirmed the structures of the compounds under investigation. In ortho-nitrosoanilines, the rotamer with the nitroso group syn to the amino group is favored.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The SGS1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a DNA helicase with homology to the human Bloom's syndrome gene BLM and the Werner's syndrome gene WRN. The SRS2 gene of yeast also encodes a DNA helicase. Simultaneous deletion of SGS1 and SRS2 is lethal in yeast. Here, using a conditional mutation of SGS1, it is shown that DNA replication and RNA polymerase I transcription are drastically inhibited in the srs2Delta sgs1-ts strain at the restrictive temperature. Thus, SGS1 and SRS2 function in DNA replication and RNA polymerase I transcription. These functions may contribute to the various defects observed in Werner's and Bloom's syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, S K -- Johnson, R E -- Yu, S L -- Prakash, L -- Prakash, S -- CA80882/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM19261/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2339-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 6.104 Medical Research Building, 11th and Mechanic Streets, Galveston, TX 77555-1061, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bloom Syndrome/genetics ; Codon ; DNA Helicases/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Fungal ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA Polymerase I/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/biosynthesis ; RecQ Helicases ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Werner Syndrome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is thought to be activated by ligand-induced homodimerization. However, structures of agonist and antagonist peptide complexes of EPOR, as well as an EPO-EPOR complex, have shown that the actual dimer configuration is critical for the biological response and signal efficiency. The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of EPOR in its unliganded form at 2.4 angstrom resolution has revealed a dimer in which the individual membrane-spanning and intracellular domains would be too far apart to permit phosphorylation by JAK2. This unliganded EPOR dimer is formed from self-association of the same key binding site residues that interact with EPO-mimetic peptide and EPO ligands. This model for a preformed dimer on the cell surface provides insights into the organization, activation, and plasticity of recognition of hematopoietic cell surface receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Livnah, O -- Stura, E A -- Middleton, S A -- Johnson, D L -- Jolliffe, L K -- Wilson, I A -- GM49497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):987-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-03-19
    Description: Structural maturation of fiber tracts in the human brain, including an increase in the diameter and myelination of axons, may play a role in cognitive development during childhood and adolescence. A computational analysis of structural magnetic resonance images obtained in 111 children and adolescents revealed age-related increases in white matter density in fiber tracts constituting putative corticospinal and frontotemporal pathways. The maturation of the corticospinal tract was bilateral, whereas that of the frontotemporal pathway was found predominantly in the left (speech-dominant) hemisphere. These findings provide evidence for a gradual maturation, during late childhood and adolescence, of fiber pathways presumably supporting motor and speech functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paus, T -- Zijdenbos, A -- Worsley, K -- Collins, D L -- Blumenthal, J -- Giedd, J N -- Rapoport, J L -- Evans, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1908-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. tomas@bic.mni.mcgill.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10082463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Aging ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Skills ; Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure ; Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure ; Neural Conduction ; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Regression Analysis ; Speech ; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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