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  • Articles  (22)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (22)
  • *Mars  (22)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (22)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography
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  • 2000-2004  (22)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1970-1974
  • 2004  (22)
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  • Articles  (22)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (22)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (22)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer
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  • 2000-2004  (22)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
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    Soils of Eagle crater and Meridiani Planum at the Opportunity Rover landing site (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The soils at the Opportunity site are fine-grained basaltic sands mixed with dust and sulfate-rich outcrop debris. Hematite is concentrated in spherules eroded from the strata. Ongoing saltation exhumes the spherules and their fragments, concentrating them at the surface. Spherules emerge from soils coated, perhaps from subsurface cementation, by salts. Two types of vesicular clasts may represent basaltic sand sources. Eolian ripples, armored by well-sorted hematite-rich grains, pervade Meridiani Planum. The thickness of the soil on the plain is estimated to be about a meter. The flatness and thin cover suggest that the plain may represent the original sedimentary surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soderblom, L A -- Anderson, R C -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Cabrol, N A -- Calvin, W -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Economou, T -- Ehlmann, B L -- Farrand, W H -- Fike, D -- Gellert, R -- Glotch, T D -- Golombek, M P -- Greeley, R -- Grotzinger, J P -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Jerolmack, D J -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B -- Klingelhofer, G -- Knoll, A H -- Learner, Z A -- Li, R -- Malin, M C -- McLennan, S M -- McSween, H Y -- Ming, D W -- Morris, R V -- Rice, J W Jr -- Richter, L -- Rieder, R -- Rodionov, D -- Schroder, C -- Seelos, F P 4th -- Soderblom, J M -- Squyres, S W -- Sullivan, R -- Watters, W A -- Weitz, C M -- Wyatt, M B -- Yen, A -- Zipfel, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. lsoderblom@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivinerich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/-5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/-5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 microm in hollows to approximately 0.5 to 3 mm in soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, P R -- Ruff, S W -- Fergason, R L -- Knudson, A T -- Anwar, S -- Arvidson, R E -- Bandfield, J L -- Blaney, D L -- Budney, C -- Calvin, W M -- Glotch, T D -- Golombek, M P -- Gorelick, N -- Graff, T G -- Hamilton, V E -- Hayes, A -- Johnson, J R -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Mehall, G L -- Mehall, L K -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Rogers, A D -- Smith, M D -- Squyres, S W -- Wolff, M J -- Wyatt, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):837-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbonates ; Geologic Sediments ; Interferometry ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; Silicates ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES Experiment on the Opportunity Rover (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Opportunity investigated the mineral abundances and compositions of outcrops, rocks, and soils at Meridiani Planum. Coarse crystalline hematite and olivine-rich basaltic sands were observed as predicted from orbital TES spectroscopy. Outcrops of aqueous origin are composed of 15 to 35% by volume magnesium and calcium sulfates [a high-silica component modeled as a combination of glass, feldspar, and sheet silicates (approximately 20 to 30%)], and hematite; only minor jarosite is identified in Mini-TES spectra. Mini-TES spectra show only a hematite signature in the millimeter-sized spherules. Basaltic materials have more plagioclase than pyroxene, contain olivine, and are similar in inferred mineral composition to basalt mapped from orbit. Bounce rock is dominated by clinopyroxene and is close in inferred mineral composition to the basaltic martian meteorites. Bright wind streak material matches global dust. Waterlain rocks covered by unaltered basaltic sands suggest a change from an aqueous environment to one dominated by physical weathering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, P R -- Wyatt, M B -- Glotch, T D -- Rogers, A D -- Anwar, S -- Arvidson, R E -- Bandfield, J L -- Blaney, D L -- Budney, C -- Calvin, W M -- Fallacaro, A -- Fergason, R L -- Gorelick, N -- Graff, T G -- Hamilton, V E -- Hayes, A G -- Johnson, J R -- Knudson, A T -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Mehall, G L -- Mehall, L K -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Smith, M D -- Squyres, S W -- Ruff, S W -- Wolff, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1733-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Sulfate ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; Magnesium Sulfate ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Sulfates ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain 〈/=25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mossbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McSween, H Y -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Blaney, D -- Cabrol, N A -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Crisp, J A -- Crumpler, L S -- Des Marais, D J -- Farmer, J D -- Gellert, R -- Ghosh, A -- Gorevan, S -- Graff, T -- Grant, J -- Haskin, L A -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B L -- Klingelhoefer, G -- Knudson, A T -- McLennan, S -- Milam, K A -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Rieder, R -- Ruff, S W -- De Souza, P A Jr -- Squyres, S W -- Wanke, H -- Wang, A -- Wyatt, M B -- Yen, A -- Zipfel, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):842-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA. mcsween@utk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; *Silicates ; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
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  • 5
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    Surficial deposits at Gusev Crater along Spirit Rover traverses (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has traversed a fairly flat, rock-strewn terrain whose surface is shaped primarily by impact events, although some of the landscape has been altered by eolian processes. Impacts ejected basaltic rocks that probably were part of locally formed lava flows from at least 10 meters depth. Some rocks have been textured and/or partially buried by windblown sediments less than 2 millimeters in diameter that concentrate within shallow, partially filled, circular impact depressions referred to as hollows. The terrain traversed during the 90-sol (martian solar day) nominal mission shows no evidence for an ancient lake in Gusev crater.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, J A -- Arvidson, R -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Cabrol, N A -- Carr, M H -- Christensen, P -- Crumpler, L -- Des Marais, D J -- Ehlmann, B L -- Farmer, J -- Golombek, M -- Grant, F D -- Greeley, R -- Herkenhoff, K -- Li, R -- McSween, H Y -- Ming, D W -- Moersch, J -- Rice, J W Jr -- Ruff, S -- Richter, L -- Squyres, S -- Sullivan, R -- Weitz, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):807-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. grantj@nasm.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Volcanic Eruptions ; Water
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  • 6
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    Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev Crater (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, J F 3rd -- Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R E -- Arneson, H M -- Bass, D -- Blaney, D -- Cabrol, N -- Calvin, W -- Farmer, J -- Farrand, W H -- Goetz, W -- Golombek, M -- Grant, J A -- Greeley, R -- Guinness, E -- Hayes, A G -- Hubbard, M Y H -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Johnson, M J -- Johnson, J R -- Joseph, J -- Kinch, K M -- Lemmon, M T -- Li, R -- Madsen, M B -- Maki, J N -- Malin, M -- McCartney, E -- McLennan, S -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Ming, D W -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Dobrea, E Z Noe -- Parker, T J -- Proton, J -- Rice, J W Jr -- Seelos, F -- Soderblom, J -- Soderblom, L A -- Sohl-Dickstein, J N -- Sullivan, R J -- Wolff, M J -- Wang, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):800-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA. jfb8@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron Compounds ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Solar System ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Atmospheric imaging results from the Mars exploration rovers: Spirit and Opportunity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: A visible atmospheric optical depth of 0.9 was measured by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater and by the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Optical depth decreased by about 0.6 to 0.7% per sol through both 90-sol primary missions. The vertical distribution of atmospheric dust at Gusev crater was consistent with uniform mixing, with a measured scale height of 11.56 +/- 0.62 kilometers. The dust's cross section weighted mean radius was 1.47 +/- 0.21 micrometers (mm) at Gusev and 1.52 +/- 0.18 mm at Meridiani. Comparison of visible optical depths with 9-mm optical depths shows a visible-to-infrared optical depth ratio of 2.0 +/- 0.2 for comparison with previous monitoring of infrared optical depths.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemmon, M T -- Wolff, M J -- Smith, M D -- Clancy, R T -- Banfield, D -- Landis, G A -- Ghosh, A -- Smith, P H -- Spanovich, N -- Whitney, B -- Whelley, P -- Greeley, R -- Thompson, S -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Squyres, S W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1753-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. lemmon@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars ; Solar System ; Spacecraft ; Temperature
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  • 8
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    Mars' south polar Ar enhancement: a tracer for south polar seasonal meridional mixing (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: The gamma ray spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft measured an enhancement of atmospheric argon over southern high latitudes during autumn followed by dissipation during winter and spring. Argon does not freeze at temperatures normal for southern winter (approximately 145 kelvin) and is left in the atmosphere, enriched relative to carbon dioxide (CO2), as the southern seasonal cap of CO2 frost accumulates. Calculations of seasonal transport of argon into and out of southern high latitudes point to meridional (north-south) mixing throughout southern winter and spring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sprague, A L -- Boynton, W V -- Kerry, K E -- Janes, D M -- Hunten, D M -- Kim, K J -- Reedy, R C -- Metzger, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1364-7. Epub 2004 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 East University Boulevard, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA. sprague@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Argon ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars ; Mathematics ; Seasons ; Spectrometry, Gamma ; Sunlight ; Temperature ; Weather
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  • 9
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    Wind-related processes detected by the Spirit Rover at Gusev Crater, Mars (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed toward the south-southeast, suggesting active winds from the north-northwest at the time (midday) of the abrasion operations. Characteristics of some rocks, such as a two-toned appearance, suggest that they were possibly buried and exhumed on the order of 5 to 60 centimeters by wind deflation, depending on location.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greeley, R -- Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R E -- Bartlett, P -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Blaney, D -- Cabrol, N A -- Farmer, J -- Farrand, B -- Golombek, M P -- Gorevan, S P -- Grant, J A -- Haldemann, A F C -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Johnson, J -- Landis, G -- Madsen, M B -- McLennan, S M -- Moersch, J -- Rice, J W Jr -- Richter, L -- Ruff, S -- Sullivan, R J -- Thompson, S D -- Wang, A -- Weitz, C M -- Whelley, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA. Greeley@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars ; Wind
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  • 10
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    Mineralogy at Gusev Crater from the Mossbauer spectrometer on the Spirit Rover (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Mossbauer spectra measured on Mars by the Spirit rover during the primary mission are characterized by two ferrous iron doublets (olivine and probably pyroxene) and a ferric iron doublet (tentatively associated to nanophase ferric iron oxide). Two sextets resulting from nonstoichiometric magnetite are also present, except for a coating on the rock Mazatzal, where a hematite-like sextet is present. Greater proportions of ferric-bearing phases are associated with undisturbed soils and rock surfaces as compared to fresh rock surfaces exposed by grinding. The ubiquitous presence of olivine in soil suggests that physical rather than chemical weathering processes currently dominate at Gusev crater.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, R V -- Klingelhofer, G -- Bernhardt, B -- Schroder, C -- Rodionov, D S -- De Souza, P A Jr -- Yen, A -- Gellert, R -- Evlanov, E N -- Foh, J -- Kankeleit, E -- Gutlich, P -- Ming, D W -- Renz, F -- Wdowiak, T -- Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):833-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA. richard.v.morris@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron ; *Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; Silicates ; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer
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