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  • History, 21st Century  (132)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (132)
  • Springer Nature
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2005-2009  (132)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Steven Chu prepares for power (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):241. doi: 10.1038/457241a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    NOAA chief ready to tackle climate (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):396. doi: 10.1038/458396a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19334300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Leadership ; Marine Biology ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Recession Watch: No time for nationalism (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunami, Atsushi -- Kurokawa, Kiyoshi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):960-1. doi: 10.1038/457960a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo. sunami-atsushi@grips.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants ; Financing, Government/history ; Foreign Professional Personnel ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; *Public Policy ; Research/economics/*history/manpower/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Global Darwin: long kept under wraps in Pakistan (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayani, Saheeb Ahmed -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):984. doi: 10.1038/462984b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pakistan ; *Religion and Science ; Science/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Obituary: Norman E. Borlaug (1914-2009) (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaminathan, M S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):894. doi: 10.1038/461894a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Third Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India. chairman@mssrf.res.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Breeding/history ; Food Supply/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Plant Diseases/genetics/microbiology ; Triticum/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Science journalism: Too close for comfort (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensberger, Boyce -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1055-6. doi: 10.1038/4591055a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Knight Science Journalism Fellowship programme at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. boycerensberger@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Journalism/history/standards/*trends ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Obituary: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008) (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudsmit, Jaap -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):394. doi: 10.1038/457394a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jaap Goudsmit is in the Research and Development Department of Crucell Holland, PO Box 2048, Leiden, 2301 CA, the Netherlands, and in the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam. j.goudsmit@crucell.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; Prion Diseases/*history/transmission ; Prions/chemistry/*history/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Property rights (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):385. doi: 10.1038/458386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; *Genes ; *Genetic Testing/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/history/*legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical ; data ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Dormant microbes: time to revive some old ideas (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kell, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):831. doi: 10.1038/458831b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Microbiological Techniques/*history ; Microbiology/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Plant photosynthesis tends to increase with irradiance. However, recent theoretical and observational studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is also more efficient under diffuse light conditions. Changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total photosynthetically active radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of this radiation that is diffuse, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink. Here we estimate the impact of variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for the effects of variations in both direct and diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis. We estimate that variations in diffuse fraction, associated largely with the 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 and 1999. However, under a climate mitigation scenario for the twenty-first century in which sulphate aerosols decline before atmospheric CO(2) is stabilized, this 'diffuse-radiation' fertilization effect declines rapidly to near zero by the end of the twenty-first century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercado, Lina M -- Bellouin, Nicolas -- Sitch, Stephen -- Boucher, Olivier -- Huntingford, Chris -- Wild, Martin -- Cox, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1014-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK. lmme@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects ; Plants/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Sunlight ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    A safe operating space for humanity (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockstrom, Johan -- Steffen, Will -- Noone, Kevin -- Persson, Asa -- Chapin, F Stuart 3rd -- Lambin, Eric F -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Scheffer, Marten -- Folke, Carl -- Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim -- Nykvist, Bjorn -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Hughes, Terry -- van der Leeuw, Sander -- Rodhe, Henning -- Sorlin, Sverker -- Snyder, Peter K -- Costanza, Robert -- Svedin, Uno -- Falkenmark, Malin -- Karlberg, Louise -- Corell, Robert W -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hansen, James -- Walker, Brian -- Liverman, Diana -- Richardson, Katherine -- Crutzen, Paul -- Foley, Jonathan A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):472-5. doi: 10.1038/461472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Civilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Green Chemistry Technology/*methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities/history ; Humans ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Patterns of drug use have varied throughout history (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnap, Don -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):533. doi: 10.1038/457533b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Enhancement/history ; Cannabinoids/*history ; *Cognition ; Creativity ; Hallucinogens/*history ; Health ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Scientists on Turkey's banknotes should inspire young minds (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhdanov, Renad -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):956. doi: 10.1038/457956a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Personnel/*history ; Science/*history ; Turkey ; Universities/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Shooting for the moon (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monastersky, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):314-5. doi: 10.1038/460314a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronauts/economics/*history/*trends ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Moon ; Research Personnel/psychology ; Space Flight/economics/*history/*trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/economics/*history/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Global change: China at the carbon crossroads (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, Kevin Robert -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):977-9. doi: 10.1038/458977a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossil Fuels ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Soil/analysis ; Trees/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Culture clash (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):129-30. doi: 10.1038/457129b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conflict (Psychology) ; *Cultural Diversity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Social Sciences/*history ; United States ; Violence ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: With polar temperatures approximately 3-5 degrees C warmer than today, the last interglacial stage (approximately 125 kyr ago) serves as a partial analogue for 1-2 degrees C global warming scenarios. Geological records from several sites indicate that local sea levels during the last interglacial were higher than today, but because local sea levels differ from global sea level, accurately reconstructing past global sea level requires an integrated analysis of globally distributed data sets. Here we present an extensive compilation of local sea level indicators and a statistical approach for estimating global sea level, local sea levels, ice sheet volumes and their associated uncertainties. We find a 95% probability that global sea level peaked at least 6.6 m higher than today during the last interglacial; it is likely (67% probability) to have exceeded 8.0 m but is unlikely (33% probability) to have exceeded 9.4 m. When global sea level was close to its current level (〉or=-10 m), the millennial average rate of global sea level rise is very likely to have exceeded 5.6 m kyr(-1) but is unlikely to have exceeded 9.2 m kyr(-1). Our analysis extends previous last interglacial sea level studies by integrating literature observations within a probabilistic framework that accounts for the physics of sea level change. The results highlight the long-term vulnerability of ice sheets to even relatively low levels of sustained global warming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kopp, Robert E -- Simons, Frederik J -- Mitrovica, Jerry X -- Maloof, Adam C -- Oppenheimer, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):863-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. rkopp@alumni.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Antarctic Regions ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenland ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; *Probability ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Human genomics: The genome finishers (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dolgin, Elie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):843-5. doi: 10.1038/462843a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; *Research Personnel ; Research Subjects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Newsmaker of the year: The power player (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):978-83. doi: 10.1038/462978a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Global Warming ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; *Physics ; Policy Making ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Chromosome protection scoops Nobel (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):706-7. doi: 10.1038/461706a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    John Holdren: adviser on science, fish and wine (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):942-3. doi: 10.1038/457942b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Engineering ; *Federal Government ; Fishes ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hobbies/history ; Marine Biology ; Physics ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration ; Wine
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Advances in development reverse fertility declines (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myrskyla, Mikko -- Kohler, Hans-Peter -- Billari, Francesco C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):741-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; *Birth Rate/trends ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developed Countries/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Education ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Income ; Life Expectancy ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Population Growth ; Reproductive Behavior/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Technology/history/statistics & numerical data/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Former shuttle pilot nominated as NASA head (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):495. doi: 10.1038/459495a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*organization & ; administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience: One hundred years of Rita (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):564-7. doi: 10.1038/458564a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19340056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/trends ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Italy ; Nerve Growth Factor/*history ; *Nobel Prize ; Silver Staining/history ; United States ; Women's Rights/history/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    RNA silencing (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eggleston, Angela K -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):395. doi: 10.1038/457395a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gene Knockdown Techniques/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Nobel Prize ; *RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Emerging disease: Looking for trouble (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nayar, Anjali -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):717-9. doi: 10.1038/462717a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission/*virology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Population Surveillance/*methods ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Obituary: Xiangzhong (Jerry) Yang (1959-2009) (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trounson, Alan -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):161. doi: 10.1038/458161a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, California 94107, USA. atrounson@cirm.ca.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; China ; Cloning, Organism/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques/*history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Eastern Europe: Beyond the bloc (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):590-1. doi: 10.1038/461590a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe, Eastern ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Science/*economics/history/manpower/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Eastern Europe: Scaling the wall (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):586-9. doi: 10.1038/461586a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Berlin ; Communism/history ; Czechoslovakia ; Democracy ; Education, Graduate ; Europe, Eastern ; Financing, Organized ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality ; Israel ; Poland ; Politics ; Research Personnel/economics/*education/*history/standards ; Switzerland ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pierluigi Nicotera. Interviewed by Karen Kaplan (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicotera, Pierluigi -- MC_U132664972/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):135. doi: 10.1038/nj7251-135a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*history/*organization & administration ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/pathology
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    Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potentially dangerous levels of global warming. Similar problems apply to the carbon cycle: observations currently provide only a weak constraint on the response to future emissions. Here we use ensemble simulations of simple climate-carbon-cycle models constrained by observations and projections from more comprehensive models to simulate the temperature response to a broad range of carbon dioxide emission pathways. We find that the peak warming caused by a given cumulative carbon dioxide emission is better constrained than the warming response to a stabilization scenario. Furthermore, the relationship between cumulative emissions and peak warming is remarkably insensitive to the emission pathway (timing of emissions or peak emission rate). Hence policy targets based on limiting cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide are likely to be more robust to scientific uncertainty than emission-rate or concentration targets. Total anthropogenic emissions of one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.67 trillion tonnes of CO(2)), about half of which has already been emitted since industrialization began, results in a most likely peak carbon-dioxide-induced warming of 2 degrees C above pre-industrial temperatures, with a 5-95% confidence interval of 1.3-3.9 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Myles R -- Frame, David J -- Huntingford, Chris -- Jones, Chris D -- Lowe, Jason A -- Meinshausen, Malte -- Meinshausen, Nicolai -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1163-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK. myles.allen@physics.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Benchmarking ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; Computer Simulation ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Activities/history ; Industry/history ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
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    Structural biology bags chemistry prize (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Noorden, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):860. doi: 10.1038/461860a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; *Chemistry/history ; Crystallization/history ; *Crystallography, X-Ray/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/drug effects/metabolism
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    A microscopic reality tale (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fara, Patricia -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):642-4. doi: 10.1038/459642a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clare College, University of Cambridge CB2 1TL, UK. pf10006@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Microscopy/*history/*instrumentation/standards
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    Chief scientist quits California stem-cell agency (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):17. doi: 10.1038/460017a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; History, 21st Century ; Leadership ; *Regenerative Medicine ; San Francisco ; *Stem Cells
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    Atmospheric chemistry: The man who smells forests (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vance, Erik -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):498-9. doi: 10.1038/459498a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Agriculture ; Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry ; Altitude ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; California ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Ozone/analysis/chemistry ; Trees/chemistry/*metabolism ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Recession Watch: Cooperation must rule (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hertz, Noreena -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):962-3. doi: 10.1038/457962a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, the Netherlands. n.hertz@jbs.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Child ; Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internationality
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    Bush's legacy: 43 by the numbers (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrope, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):252-3. doi: 10.1038/457252a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism/prevention & control/trends ; Cell Line ; Conservation of Natural Resources/history/trends ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Federal Government/*history ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Science/economics/*history/trends ; Space Flight/history/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions suggest that the late twentieth century was warmer than any other time during the past 500 years and possibly any time during the past 1,300 years (refs 1, 2). These temperature reconstructions are based largely on terrestrial records from extra-tropical or high-elevation sites; however, global average surface temperature changes closely follow those of the global tropics, which are 75% ocean. In particular, the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) represents a major heat reservoir that both influences global atmospheric circulation and responds to remote northern high-latitude forcings. Here we present a decadally resolved continuous sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the IPWP that spans the past two millennia and overlaps the instrumental record, enabling both a direct comparison of proxy data to the instrumental record and an evaluation of past changes in the context of twentieth century trends. Our record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, exhibits trends that are similar to a recent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. Reconstructed SST was, however, within error of modern values from about ad 1000 to ad 1250, towards the end of the Medieval Warm Period. SSTs during the Little Ice Age (approximately ad 1550-1850) were variable, and approximately 0.5 to 1 degrees C colder than modern values during the coldest intervals. A companion reconstruction of delta(18)O of sea water-a sea surface salinity and hydrology indicator-indicates a tight coupling with the East Asian monsoon system and remote control of IPWP hydrology on centennial-millennial timescales, rather than a dominant influence from local SST variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oppo, Delia W -- Rosenthal, Yair -- Linsley, Braddock K -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1113-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. doppo@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/analysis ; Calibration ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Ice Cover ; India ; Indonesia ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton/metabolism ; Rain ; Records as Topic ; Salinity ; Seasons ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tropical Climate ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Canadian science minister under fire (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoag, Hannah -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 26;458(7237):393. doi: 10.1038/458393a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Canada ; History, 21st Century ; Religion and Science ; Science/*organization & administration
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    Obituary: Hidesaburo Hanafusa (1929-2009) (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, David A -- Darnell, James E Jr -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):718. doi: 10.1038/458718a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Japan ; Neoplasms/history/*virology ; Oncogenes ; Retroviridae ; United States ; Virology/*history
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    Global change: Interglacial and future sea level (2009)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Peter U -- Huybers, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):856-7. doi: 10.1038/462856a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenland ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*analysis ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    The FDA: A tough tonic (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):406-7. doi: 10.1038/462406a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Product Safety/standards ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel/standards ; New York City ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/economics/*organization & ; administration/*standards/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Money in biomedicine: The senator's sleuth (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):330-4. doi: 10.1038/461330a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/standards ; *Conflict of Interest ; Drug Industry/economics/*ethics ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics/standards ; Physicians/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Personnel/economics/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Natural selection 150 years on (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: The theory of evolution by natural selection has prospered in its first 150 years and provides a consistent account of species as highly adapted and rare survivors in the struggle for existence. It now faces the challenge of finding order in the evolution of complex systems, including human society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pagel, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):808-11. doi: 10.1038/nature07889.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. m.pagel@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biology/*history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Selection, Genetic
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    NIH nominee draws scrutiny (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):310-1. doi: 10.1038/460310a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Christianity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Religion and Science ; United States
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    Pandemics: avoiding the mistakes of 1918 (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barry, John M -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):324-5. doi: 10.1038/459324a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioenvironmental Research of Tulane and Xavier Universities, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. jbarry@tulane.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communication/*history ; Disease Outbreaks/*history/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/*history/mortality/prevention & control/*psychology ; Internationality ; Panic ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Incoming chief to tackle woes of US food and drug agency (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):271. doi: 10.1038/458271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism ; Child ; Disaster Planning/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    We cannot live by scepticism alone (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Harry -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):30. doi: 10.1038/458030a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Study of Knowledge Expertise Science at Cardiff University, UK. collinshm@cf.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humanities/trends ; Logic ; Science/history/*standards ; Social Sciences/*trends ; Uncertainty
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    Research funding: Closing arguments (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 5;457(7230):650-5. doi: 10.1038/457650a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Financing, Organized/*organization & administration/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Muscular Dystrophies ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Neurosciences/*economics ; Research/*economics ; Research Personnel/*economics ; Uncertainty ; United States ; Xenopus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    When winning a Nobel Prize seems to run in the family (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pasachoff, Jay M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):379. doi: 10.1038/457379b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry/history ; *Heredity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Nobel Prize ; *Nuclear Family ; Physics/history ; Physiology/history
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    140 years on (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):12. doi: 10.1038/462012a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history/trends
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    Human genetics: One gene, twenty years (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):164-9. doi: 10.1038/460164a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic/history ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/*history/physiopathology/therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance ; Regulator/chemistry/*genetics/*history/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/history/metabolism
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    Choon Fong Shih. Interviewed by Daniel Cressey (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shih, Choon Fong -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):326. doi: 10.1038/461326a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate/standards ; History, 21st Century ; Saudi Arabia ; Science/economics/manpower/*organization & administration/*standards ; Universities/economics/manpower/*organization & administration/standards
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    Inspiration and application in the evolution of biomaterials (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: Biomaterials, traditionally defined as materials used in medical devices, have been used since antiquity, but recently their degree of sophistication has increased significantly. Biomaterials made today are routinely information rich and incorporate biologically active components derived from nature. In the future, biomaterials will assume an even greater role in medicine and will find use in a wide variety of non-medical applications through biologically inspired design and incorporation of dynamic behaviour.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848528/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848528/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huebsch, Nathaniel -- Mooney, David J -- R37 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 DE013033-12/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):426-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, 319 Pierce Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/history/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Engineering/history ; Biomedical Research/history/*trends ; *Biomimetic Materials/therapeutic use ; Equipment Design/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants/history/trends
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    A drug-induced low (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):11-2. doi: 10.1038/462011b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees/*organization & administration ; Great Britain ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Politics ; Public Opinion ; *Public Policy ; *Substance-Related Disorders
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    Profile: being Bob Langer (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):22-4. doi: 10.1038/458022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biocompatible Materials ; Biotechnology/economics/organization & administration ; *Chemical Engineering/history/organization & administration ; Drug Delivery Systems/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Laboratories/manpower/organization & administration ; Massachusetts ; Patents as Topic/history ; Tissue Engineering/history ; Universities
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    Obituary: Paul C. Zamecnik (1912-2009) (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pederson, Thoru -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):423. doi: 10.1038/462423a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell-Free System ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/history ; Rous sarcoma virus/genetics/growth & development ; United States
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    Why we need space travel (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bignami, Giovanni -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):325. doi: 10.1038/460325a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia (IUSS), Lungo Ticino Sforza 56, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Italy. Space Science Advisory giovanni.bignami@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronauts/history/*trends ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Politics ; Space Flight/economics/history/*trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics/history
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    SETI at 50 (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):316. doi: 10.1038/461316a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anniversaries and Special Events ; Astronomy/economics/instrumentation/trends ; California ; Exobiology/history/instrumentation/*methods/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Radio Waves
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    Report row ousts top Indian scientist (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jayaraman, K S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):152. doi: 10.1038/462152a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; Emigration and Immigration ; Foreign Professional Personnel ; History, 21st Century ; India/ethnology ; Leadership ; *Research Personnel ; United States
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    Hwang verdict imminent (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1035. doi: 10.1038/4611035a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cloning, Organism/ethics/standards ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Prisons ; Republic of Korea ; Research Embryo Creation/ethics ; Research Personnel/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Scientific Misconduct/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    The future of saving our past (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉John, Jeremy Leighton -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):775-6. doi: 10.1038/459775a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Library. jeremy.john@bl.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19516320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archives ; Confidentiality ; *Electronic Mail ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Libraries, Digital/standards/*trends ; Research Personnel/*history
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    Origin of life: Nascence man (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, John -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):316-9. doi: 10.1038/459316a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/chemistry/metabolism ; Acetyl Coenzyme A/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Citric Acid Cycle ; *Evolution, Chemical ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hot Springs/chemistry ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/chemistry ; Methane/chemistry/metabolism ; *Origin of Life ; Oxidation-Reduction ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfides/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science adviser should show his independence, says report (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, Natasha -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):521. doi: 10.1038/457521a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Homeopathy/economics ; National Health Programs/economics ; *Policy Making ; Science/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An alien concept (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaplan, Fred -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):345-6. doi: 10.1038/461345a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉war_stories@hotmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*history/instrumentation ; Exobiology/*history/instrumentation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Radio Waves
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The road ahead for brain-circuit reconstruction (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Kevan A C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):411. doi: 10.1038/462411a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/cytology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurophysiology/history/*methods/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Arms pact could boost US-Russian science (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brumfiel, Geoff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):316. doi: 10.1038/460316a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cooperative Behavior ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *International Cooperation/history ; *Nuclear Weapons/history ; Russia ; *Science/history/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    James Watson's genome sequenced at high speed (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):788. doi: 10.1038/452788b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18431822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Counseling/trends ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/economics/*trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/*trends ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Science & music: lost in music (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huron, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):456-7. doi: 10.1038/453456a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Music & Center for Cognitive Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cultural Diversity ; *Cultural Evolution ; History, 17th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Music/history ; *Neurosciences
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    Beyond the origin (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):281. doi: 10.1038/456281a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Selection, Genetic
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    Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-04
    Description: The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes in autumn and spring, with spring and autumn temperatures over northern latitudes having risen by about 1.1 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C, respectively, over the past two decades. A simultaneous greening trend has also been observed, characterized by a longer growing season and greater photosynthetic activity. These observations have led to speculation that spring and autumn warming could enhance carbon sequestration and extend the period of net carbon uptake in the future. Here we analyse interannual variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes. We find that atmospheric records from the past 20 years show a trend towards an earlier autumn-to-winter carbon dioxide build-up, suggesting a shorter net carbon uptake period. This trend cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric transport alone and, together with the ecosystem flux data, suggest increasing carbon losses in autumn. We use a process-based terrestrial biosphere model and satellite vegetation greenness index observations to investigate further the observed seasonal response of northern ecosystems to autumnal warming. We find that both photosynthesis and respiration increase during autumn warming, but the increase in respiration is greater. In contrast, warming increases photosynthesis more than respiration in spring. Our simulations and observations indicate that northern terrestrial ecosystems may currently lose carbon dioxide in response to autumn warming, with a sensitivity of about 0.2 PgC degrees C(-1), offsetting 90% of the increased carbon dioxide uptake during spring. If future autumn warming occurs at a faster rate than in spring, the ability of northern ecosystems to sequester carbon may be diminished earlier than previously suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piao, Shilong -- Ciais, Philippe -- Friedlingstein, Pierre -- Peylin, Philippe -- Reichstein, Markus -- Luyssaert, Sebastiaan -- Margolis, Hank -- Fang, Jingyun -- Barr, Alan -- Chen, Anping -- Grelle, Achim -- Hollinger, David Y -- Laurila, Tuomas -- Lindroth, Anders -- Richardson, Andrew D -- Vesala, Timo -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):49-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉LSCE, UMR CEA-CNRS, Batiment 709, CE, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. slpiao@lsce.ipsl.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Transpiration ; Plants/metabolism ; Rain ; *Seasons ; Soil/analysis ; *Temperature ; Water/metabolism
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    Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Old-growth forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at rates that vary with climate and nitrogen deposition. The sequestered carbon dioxide is stored in live woody tissues and slowly decomposing organic matter in litter and soil. Old-growth forests therefore serve as a global carbon dioxide sink, but they are not protected by international treaties, because it is generally thought that ageing forests cease to accumulate carbon. Here we report a search of literature and databases for forest carbon-flux estimates. We find that in forests between 15 and 800 years of age, net ecosystem productivity (the net carbon balance of the forest including soils) is usually positive. Our results demonstrate that old-growth forests can continue to accumulate carbon, contrary to the long-standing view that they are carbon neutral. Over 30 per cent of the global forest area is unmanaged primary forest, and this area contains the remaining old-growth forests. Half of the primary forests (6 x 10(8) hectares) are located in the boreal and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. On the basis of our analysis, these forests alone sequester about 1.3 +/- 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon per year. Thus, our findings suggest that 15 per cent of the global forest area, which is currently not considered when offsetting increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, provides at least 10 per cent of the global net ecosystem productivity. Old-growth forests accumulate carbon for centuries and contain large quantities of it. We expect, however, that much of this carbon, even soil carbon, will move back to the atmosphere if these forests are disturbed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luyssaert, Sebastiaan -- Schulze, E-Detlef -- Borner, Annett -- Knohl, Alexander -- Hessenmoller, Dominik -- Law, Beverly E -- Ciais, Philippe -- Grace, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):213-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. sebastiaan.luyssaert@ua.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities ; Time Factors ; Trees/*metabolism
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    Science & music: raising the roof (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barron, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):859-60. doi: 10.1038/453859a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; *Acoustics ; Auditory Perception ; *Facility Design and Construction/history ; Hearing/physiology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Music/history
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    The advent and development of organocatalysis (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: The use of small organic molecules as catalysts has been known for more than a century. But only in the past decade has organocatalysis become a thriving area of general concepts and widely applicable asymmetric reactions. Here I present my opinion on why the field of organocatalysis has blossomed so dramatically over the past decade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacMillan, David W C -- R01 GM078201-01-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):304-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, 116 Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA. dmacmill@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Chemistry, Organic/*history/*methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ions/chemistry
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    Celebrations for Darwin downplay Wallace's role (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beccaloni, George W -- Smith, Vincent S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1050. doi: 10.1038/4511050d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Argentina's pivotal moment (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smaglik, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):494-6. doi: 10.1038/nj7177-494a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18290265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argentina ; Emigration and Immigration/history/trends ; *Federal Government ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Politics ; Research Personnel/economics/history/*trends ; Research Support as Topic/economics/history ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Science/*economics/history/manpower/*organization & administration
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    Population biology: Case of the absent lemmings (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coulson, Tim -- Malo, Aurelio -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):43-4. doi: 10.1038/456043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Snow ; Temperature
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    Science prizes: Best in class (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powell, Kendall -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):455-8. doi: 10.1038/455455a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Awards and Prizes ; Creativity ; Elephants/physiology ; *Foundations/economics ; Greenhouse Effect ; Hand/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Illinois ; Neurosciences ; *Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Robotics ; *Science/economics ; Selection, Genetic
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    Obituary: Bert Bolin (1925-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Bob -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):642. doi: 10.1038/451642a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson@defra.gsi.gov.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Sweden
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    Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the climate system, helping to drive atmospheric circulations in the tropics by absorbing energy and recycling about half of the rainfall that falls on it. This region (Amazonia) is also estimated to contain about one-tenth of the total carbon stored in land ecosystems, and to account for one-tenth of global, net primary productivity. The resilience of the forest to the combined pressures of deforestation and global warming is therefore of great concern, especially as some general circulation models (GCMs) predict a severe drying of Amazonia in the twenty-first century. Here we analyse these climate projections with reference to the 2005 drought in western Amazonia, which was associated with unusually warm North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). We show that reduction of dry-season (July-October) rainfall in western Amazonia correlates well with an index of the north-south SST gradient across the equatorial Atlantic (the 'Atlantic N-S gradient'). Our climate model is unusual among current GCMs in that it is able to reproduce this relationship and also the observed twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic N-S gradient, provided that the effects of aerosols are included in the model. Simulations for the twenty-first century using the same model show a strong tendency for the SST conditions associated with the 2005 drought to become much more common, owing to continuing reductions in reflective aerosol pollution in the Northern Hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Peter M -- Harris, Phil P -- Huntingford, Chris -- Betts, Richard A -- Collins, Matthew -- Jones, Chris D -- Jupp, Tim E -- Marengo, Jose A -- Nobre, Carlos A -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):212-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. p.m.cox@exeter.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/*analysis ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Disasters/history/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/*statistics & numerical data ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Models, Theoretical ; Pacific Ocean ; Probability ; Rain ; Seasons ; South America ; Temperature ; Trees/*physiology
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    Defence research: still in the lead? (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):390-3. doi: 10.1038/451390a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bionics/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internet ; Research/history/*trends ; Robotics/trends ; Security Measures/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Technology/history/*trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/history/organization & ; administration/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    When authorship met authenticity (2008)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johns, Adrian -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1058-9. doi: 10.1038/4511058a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Authorship ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Fraud/*history ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Internationality ; Patents as Topic/*history ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics/*history/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human behaviour: killer instincts (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Dan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):512-5. doi: 10.1038/451512a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aggression/*physiology/psychology ; Altruism ; Anger/physiology ; Animals ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology ; *Biological Evolution ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Female ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Medieval ; *Homicide/history/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Morals ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; United Nations ; Violence/psychology ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Profile: Learning from death (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenner, Melinda -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):271-3. doi: 10.1038/453271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kenya ; Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Brave new worlds (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):137-8. doi: 10.1038/455137b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*history ; Creativity ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Internationality ; Paris ; Physics/*history ; Research Personnel/history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Funding cuts leave 'golden era' looking tarnished (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bland, Phil -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):768. doi: 10.1038/451768c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Great Britain ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/history/*trends ; Science/*economics/history/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Changing the rules won't stop the rise of a new superpower (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maseland, Robbert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):167. doi: 10.1038/455167c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; Creativity ; Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Internationality ; Science/history/*standards/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linking climate change to lemming cycles (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: The population cycles of rodents at northern latitudes have puzzled people for centuries, and their impact is manifest throughout the alpine ecosystem. Climate change is known to be able to drive animal population dynamics between stable and cyclic phases, and has been suggested to cause the recent changes in cyclic dynamics of rodents and their predators. But although predator-rodent interactions are commonly argued to be the cause of the Fennoscandian rodent cycles, the role of the environment in the modulation of such dynamics is often poorly understood in natural systems. Hence, quantitative links between climate-driven processes and rodent dynamics have so far been lacking. Here we show that winter weather and snow conditions, together with density dependence in the net population growth rate, account for the observed population dynamics of the rodent community dominated by lemmings (Lemmus lemmus) in an alpine Norwegian core habitat between 1970 and 1997, and predict the observed absence of rodent peak years after 1994. These local rodent dynamics are coherent with alpine bird dynamics both locally and over all of southern Norway, consistent with the influence of large-scale fluctuations in winter conditions. The relationship between commonly available meteorological data and snow conditions indicates that changes in temperature and humidity, and thus conditions in the subnivean space, seem to markedly affect the dynamics of alpine rodents and their linked groups. The pattern of less regular rodent peaks, and corresponding changes in the overall dynamics of the alpine ecosystem, thus seems likely to prevail over a growing area under projected climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kausrud, Kyrre L -- Mysterud, Atle -- Steen, Harald -- Vik, Jon Olav -- Ostbye, Eivind -- Cazelles, Bernard -- Framstad, Erik -- Eikeset, Anne Maria -- Mysterud, Ivar -- Solhoy, Torstein -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):93-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Birds/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humidity ; Models, Biological ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Snow ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Carbon cycle: harvest of the century (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayorga, Emilio -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):405-6. doi: 10.1038/451405a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history/methods ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Bicarbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Activities/*history ; Louisiana ; Mississippi ; Rain ; Rivers/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    China: The man who unveiled China (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winchester, Simon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):409-11. doi: 10.1038/454409a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉simonwinchester@mac.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; China ; Culture ; England ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Literature, Modern/*history ; Technology/education/*history
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Palaeontology: the new mother lode (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):153-5. doi: 10.1038/455153a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleontology/history ; Plants ; Politics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: The water and dissolved inorganic carbon exported by rivers are important net fluxes that connect terrestrial and oceanic water and carbon reservoirs. For most rivers, the majority of dissolved inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate. The riverine bicarbonate flux originates mainly from the dissolution of rock minerals by soil water carbon dioxide, a process called chemical weathering, which controls the buffering capacity and mineral content of receiving streams and rivers. Here we introduce an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution, 100-year data set from the Mississippi River and couple it with sub-watershed and precipitation data to reveal that the large increase in bicarbonate flux that has occurred over the past 50 years (ref. 3) is clearly anthropogenically driven. We show that the increase in bicarbonate and water fluxes is caused mainly by an increase in discharge from agricultural watersheds that has not been balanced by a rise in precipitation, which is also relevant to nutrient and pesticide fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico. These findings demonstrate that alterations in chemical weathering are relevant to improving contemporary biogeochemical budgets. Furthermore, land use change and management were arguably more important than changes in climate and plant CO2 fertilization to increases in riverine water and carbon export from this large region over the past 50 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, Peter A -- Oh, Neung-Hwan -- Turner, R Eugene -- Broussard, Whitney -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):449-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. peter.raymond@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Bicarbonates/*analysis/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Activities/history ; Mississippi ; Rain ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Time Factors
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    Does the past have a future in Berlin? (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):2. doi: 10.1038/454002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Berlin ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Museums/history ; Schools, Medical/economics/organization & administration
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    Molecular biology: the expanding world of small RNAs (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosshans, Helge -- Filipowicz, Witold -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):414-6. doi: 10.1038/451414a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Biology/history ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/biosynthesis/classification/*genetics/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Substrate Specificity ; Viruses/genetics/immunology
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    This time it's personal (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697. doi: 10.1038/453697a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genome, Human ; Genomics/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/history/*organization & ; administration/trends ; United States
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    Obituary: M. Judah Folkman (1933-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klagsbrun, Michael -- Moses, Marsha A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):781. doi: 10.1038/451781a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. michael.klagsbrun@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Awards and Prizes ; Biomarkers ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*blood supply/drug therapy ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; United States
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    Migration: an engine for social change (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richerson, Peter J -- Boyd, Robert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):877. doi: 10.1038/456877a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peter J. Richerson is in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. pjricherson@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict (Psychology) ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Emigration and Immigration/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Internationality/history
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    Birthdays to remember (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Browne, Janet -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):324-5. doi: 10.1038/456324a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, USA. jbrowne@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anniversaries and Special Events ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Finches/physiology ; Fossils ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Literature, Modern/history ; *Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    China: The end of the science superpowers (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers Hollingsworth, J -- Muller, Karl H -- Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):412-3. doi: 10.1038/454412a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wisconsin (Madison), 455 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. hollingsjr@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Europe ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Science/economics/*history/standards/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thresholds for Cenozoic bipolar glaciation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: The long-standing view of Earth's Cenozoic glacial history calls for the first continental-scale glaciation of Antarctica in the earliest Oligocene epoch ( approximately 33.6 million years ago), followed by the onset of northern-hemispheric glacial cycles in the late Pliocene epoch, about 31 million years later. The pivotal early Oligocene event is characterized by a rapid shift of 1.5 parts per thousand in deep-sea benthic oxygen-isotope values (Oi-1) within a few hundred thousand years, reflecting a combination of terrestrial ice growth and deep-sea cooling. The apparent absence of contemporaneous cooling in deep-sea Mg/Ca records, however, has been argued to reflect the growth of more ice than can be accommodated on Antarctica; this, combined with new evidence of continental cooling and ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere during this period, raises the possibility that Oi-1 represents a precursory bipolar glaciation. Here we test this hypothesis using an isotope-capable global climate/ice-sheet model that accommodates both the long-term decline of Cenozoic atmospheric CO(2) levels and the effects of orbital forcing. We show that the CO(2) threshold below which glaciation occurs in the Northern Hemisphere ( approximately 280 p.p.m.v.) is much lower than that for Antarctica ( approximately 750 p.p.m.v.). Therefore, the growth of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere immediately following Antarctic glaciation would have required rapid CO(2) drawdown within the Oi-1 timeframe, to levels lower than those estimated by geochemical proxies and carbon-cycle models. Instead of bipolar glaciation, we find that Oi-1 is best explained by Antarctic glaciation alone, combined with deep-sea cooling of up to 4 degrees C and Antarctic ice that is less isotopically depleted (-30 to -35 per thousand) than previously suggested. Proxy CO(2) estimates remain above our model's northern-hemispheric glaciation threshold of approximately 280 p.p.m.v. until approximately 25 Myr ago, but have been near or below that level ever since. This implies that episodic northern-hemispheric ice sheets have been possible some 20 million years earlier than currently assumed (although still much later than Oi-1) and could explain some of the variability in Miocene sea-level records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deconto, Robert M -- Pollard, David -- Wilson, Paul A -- Palike, Heiko -- Lear, Caroline H -- Pagani, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):652-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. deconto@geo.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Calcium ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Cold Climate ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Magnesium ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Seasons
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