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  • 04.07. Tectonophysics
  • Correlation
  • Allgemeine Geographie
  • E62
  • Springer  (62)
  • Wiley  (5)
  • 1
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-22
    Beschreibung: ItalianseismicityisgeneratedbytheongoingsubductionoftheEuro- pean lithosphere beneath the Alps, and the Adriatic lithosphere beneath the Apen- nines. The two belts are extremely different due to their opposite polarity relative to the inferred underlying ‘eastward’ mantle flow. Contractional tectonics is con- centrated in low topography areas, whereas extensional tectonics and the larger magnitude seismicity due to normal faulting is preferentially located along the Apennines ridge, where the brittle crustal layer is thicker and the lithostatic load is maximum. Seismicity is the result of dissipation of energy along passive faults but stored mostly in crustal volumes located in the hangingwall of the faults. The 2–5 mm/yr deformation in all Italian tectonic settings prevents the occurrence of great earthquakes (Mw 8) that rather occur in other areas of the world where deformation rates are at least one order of magnitude faster. The maximum event so far recorded in Italy is Mw 7.3, 1693 southeast Sicily. InSAR data nowadays provide a precise definition of the epicentral area of an earthquake, which can be several hundred km2. The epicentral area is defined as the ‘active’ domain where the hangingwall is moving along the fault and it is contemporaneously crossed by the seismic waves radiated by the fault plane due to the friction in it. Within the active domain occur the strongest coseismic shaking, both vertical and horizontal. The vertical coseismic motion allows the horizontal shaking to be much more effective.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 168-180
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Schlagwort(e): Italian geodynamics ; Elastoquakes ; Graviquakes ; Vertical motion ; Epicentral areas ; Active domain ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-22
    Beschreibung: Silicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post-collapse volcano-tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant long- and short-term ground deformations characterize this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marinecontinental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one-third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on-land-offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high-resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on-land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra-caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea-level rise. The volcano-tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post-caldera doming at ~10.5 ka. We emphasize that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self-similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterizing the long-term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 855-882
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): offshore stratigraphy ; seismic units ; La Starza succession ; volcanism, ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-08
    Beschreibung: The response of continental forelands to subduction and collision is a widely investigated topic in geodynamics. The deformation occurring within a foreland shared by two opposite‐verging chains, however, is uncommon and poorly understood. The Apulia Swell in the southern end of the Adria microplate (Africa‐Europe plate boundary, central Mediterranean Sea) represents one of these cases, as it is the common foreland of the SW verging Albanides‐Hellenides and the NE verging Southern Apennines merging into the SSE verging Calabrian Arc. We investigated the internal deformation of the Apulia Swell using multiscale geophysical data: multichannel seismic profiles recording up to 12‐s two‐way time (TWT) for a consistent image of the upper crust; high‐resolution multichannel seismic profiles, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles acquired by R/V OGS Explora to constrain the Quaternary geological record. The results of our analyses characterize the geometry of the South Apulia Fault System (SAFS), a 100‐km‐long and 12‐km‐wide structure attesting an extensional (and possibly transtensional) response of the foreland to the two contractional fronts. The SAFS consists of two NW‐SE right‐stepping master faults and several secondary structures. The SAFS activity spans from the Early Pleistocene through the Holocene, as testified by the bathymetric and high‐resolution seismic data, with long‐term slip rates in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Considering the position within an area with few or none other active faults in the surroundings, the dimension, and the activity rates, the SAFS can be a candidate causative fault of the 20 February 1743, M 6.7, earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Italian Ministry for Education, University, and Research (MIUR), Premiale 2014 D. M. 291 03/05/2016.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2020TC006116
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): active tectonics ; apulia ; south apulia fault system ; 1743 earthquake ; marine geology ; stable continental region ; ionian sea ; active faults ; subsurface geology ; seismic interpretation ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: In this study, we attempt to improve the standards in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) towards a time-dependent hazard assessment by using the most advanced methods and new databases for the Calabria region, Italy. In this perspective we improve the knowledge of the seismotectonic framework of the Calabrian region using geologic, tectonic, paleoseismological, and macroseismic information available in the literature. We built up a PSHA model based on the long-term recurrence behavior of seismogenic faults, together with the spatial distribution of historical earthquakes. We derive the characteristic earthquake model for those sources capable of rupturing the entire fault segment (full-rupture) independently with a single event of maximum magnitude. We apply the floating rupture model to those earthquakes whose location is not known sufficiently constrained. We thus associate these events with longer fault systems, assuming that any such earthquake can rupture anywhere within the particular fault system (floating partial-rupture) with uniform probability. We use a Brownian Passage Time (BPT) model characterized by mean recurrence, aperiodicity, or uncertainty in the recurrence distribution and elapsed time since the last characteristic earthquake. The purpose of this BPT model is to express the time-dependence of the seismic processes to predict the future ground motions in the region. Besides, we consider the influence on the probability of earthquake occurrence controlled by the change in static Coulomb stress (ΔCFF) due to fault interaction; to pursue this, we adopt a model built on the fusion of BPT model (BPT + ΔCFF). We present our results for both time-dependent (renewal) and time-independent (Poisson) models in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) maps for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The hazard may increase by more than 20% or decrease by as much as 50% depending on the different occurrence model. Seismic hazard in terms of PGA decreases about 20% in the Messina Strait, where a recent major earthquake took place, with respect to traditional time-independent estimates. PGA near the city of Cosenza reaches ~ 0.36 g for the time-independent model and 0.40 g for the case of the time-dependent one (i.e. a 15% increase). Both the time-dependent and time-independent models for the period of 2015–2065 demonstrate that the city of Cosenza and surrounding areas bear the highest seismic hazard in Calabria.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2497–2524
    Beschreibung: 5T. Modelli di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Probabilistic seismic hazard maps ; Time-dependent hazard ; Fault-based model ; Fault interaction ; Seismogenic sources ; Calabria-Italy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 88 (2000), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; meteor rates ; solar activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The correlation of sporadic meteor rates from radar observations in January, August, and December non-show-er periods in 1958–2000, and relevant solar activity represented by the solar relative number, R, is investigated. Similar analysis of the December sporadic period was already presented by Simek 1999, and Pecina. Complete analysis indicates high correlation of both phenomena with sporadic meteor counts curve following that of solar activity after 1.5–2 years in the mean eleven year solar cycle with the correlation index exceeding 70%. This result supports the large volume of observing material of the Ondřejov meteor radar in the above mentioned span covering almost four solar cycles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 72 (2000), S. 241-262 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): social status ; relative consumption ; economic growth ; D62 ; D91 ; E21 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper studies the influence of consumption externalities in the Ramsey model. In contrast to the recent literature, a quite general specification of preferences is used and the concept of the effective intertemporal elasticity of substitution is introduced. We give conditions for the observational equivalence between economies with consumption externalities and externality-free economies. An additional key result is that there exist several types of instantaneous utility functions in which the decentralized solution coincides with the socially planned one in spite of the presence of consumption externalities. The conditions for optimal taxation are also derived.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 255-280 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): endogenous growth ; public capital ; indeterminacy ; limit cycles ; E62 ; H54 ; O41
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper studies the patterns of growth in an endogenous-growth model where the labor supply is endogenous and sustained growth arises because the services derived from public capital increase the economic productivity. It is assumed that these services are congested by the number of households in the economy but they are not congested by the units of time that each household devotes to work. With this assumption, the dynamic equilibrium exhibits multiple balanced-growth paths, local and global indeterminacy, and limit cycles under some plausible fiscal policies. Our analysis points out that a large lump-sum tax is a necessary condition to obtain this complex equilibrium dynamic behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Economic theory 11 (1998), S. 295-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Schlagwort(e): JEL Classification Numbers: D52 ; D84 ; E62 ; G10.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Summary. We study sunspot immunity in a dynamic monetary economy in which consumers are allowed to trade put and call option contracts on the general price level. We define the concept of strong sunspot immunity to characterize economies that have no sunspot equilibria regardless of the number of extrinsic states and their probabilities of occurrence. We show that a small number of option contracts can make an economy strongly sunspot immune. In addition, we demonstrate how asset re-trading opportunities, and the associated capital gains and losses, reduce the number of options needed for this result to obtain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 337-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Uncertainty ; Measurement standards ; Reference materials ; Correlation ; Traceability networks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract  If the value of a derived measurement standard is assigned by comparison with a reference standard of the same quantity, the uncertainty is increased by the additional uncertainty on the difference measurement. This basic fact has lead to the general belief that the uncertainty of derived standards is always larger than that of the reference standards. However, if the value of a derived standard is assigned by comparison with several independent reference standards using an appropriate average, the increase of uncertainty due to the uncertainty on difference measurement may be counterbalanced by the the well-known decrease of uncertainty through averaging. The gain of accuracy made possible by this mechanism is restricted to second-generation standards. Further gain through iteration is prevented by correlation between standards derived from the same set of reference standards. As a consequence, the concept of metrological hierarchy levels, relating to traceability chains, becomes questionable for traceability networks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 9 (1998), S. 433-438 
    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; spectrum ; Wigner distribution ; frequency ; period ; pulse train
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A classical problem in signal processing is accurate estimation of fundamental frequency/periodicity of periodic signals at low SNR. Typically, researchers address the estimation problem, assuming that the signal environment is a sum of sinusoids in white Gaussian noise. If the signals and noise are pulsed, the situation is much more complex since normal FFT based methods result in spectra which are sums of harmonic structures. Sorting radar signals can be especially difficult since there may be many pulsed signals present in a low SNR impulsive noise environment. In this paper, a method equivalent to integration along a hyperbola on the Wigner distribution is presented. This transform, which is closely related to both the Fourier transform and the correlation function, has the property that a periodic signal produces an expected non-zero complex-valued bulge at only the fundamental. The phase, magnitude and position of the correlation bulge are sufficient to characterize the time-domain pulse train. Finally, a simple super-resolution method is presented which may be used to refine the fundamental frequency/period estimate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 67 (1998), S. 287-316 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): endogenous growth ; environmental externalities ; environmental tax reform ; elastic labor supply ; optimal taxation ; E62 ; Q28 ; O41 ; D62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyzes tax-policy measures within a two-sector endogenously-growing economy with elastic labor supply. Pollution is either modeled as a side product of physical capital used as a production factor in the final-good sector or as a side product of production. The framework allows us to analyze the consequences of isolated tax changes or of a revenue-neutral environmental tax reform for economic growth. Although pollution does not directly affect production processes, it can be shown that a higher pollution tax as well as a revenue-neutral environmental tax reform boost economic growth, whereas a tax on capital, consumption, or labor reduces the long-term growth rate of the economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 67 (1998), S. 265-285 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): fiscal policy ; monetary policy ; time discount rate ; inflation target ; E52 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers a closed macroeconomy where the monetary authority pursues an inflation target and policy outcomes are the consequence of a Nash game between fiscal and monetary authorities. The specification of the macroeconomic framework is characterized by nonlinearities which lead to multiple equilibria with differing stability properties. Employing a calibrated model and simulations derived using the Mathematica package, the stability properties of the economy and the likely choice of equilibrium are examined. Within this framework, the dynamic consequences of different time discount rates for the fiscal authority are investigated, both in a world of certainty and also in a world of uncertainty. It is shown that, in a world of certainty, it will be optimal to choose the fiscal authority's time discount rate equal to the market rate of interest. However, depending on the degree of uncertainty in evaluating the time discount rates of consumers and of the fiscal authority, it may be appropriate to bias the fiscal authority's discount rate above or below the expected interest rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 68 (1998), S. 93-110 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): optimal control ; Maastricht criteria ; C61 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The reduction of government debt to 60% of the GDP in order to satisfy the requirements of the Maastricht Treaty for participation in the European Monetary Union is one of the primary economic-policy goals for most of the European Union countries. The first aim of the present paper is to characterize the optimal path of the primary surplus that leads to the achievement of this Maastricht target. Using optimal-control theory we are able to determine an upper bound of the public-debt-to-GDP ratio above which no retrenchment policy becomes effective. The second issue taken up is that of the sensitivity analysis with respect to the initial level of the debt-to-GDP ratio, the growth rate of the economy, the interest rate, the inflation rate, and the inverse of the velocity of the monetary base circulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 68 (1998), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): endogenous growth ; welfare ; public investment ; fiscal policy ; O41 ; H20 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This note extends the basic endogenous-growth model by Barro [Journal of Political Economy (1990) 98: S103–S125]. It is supposed that the government pays lump-sum transfers to the representative household or levies a lump-sum tax, besides financing public investment. Growth and welfare effects of fiscal policy are studied for the competitive economy and the growth rate of the social optimum is compared with the one of the competitive economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 44 (1998), S. 91-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Mate choice ; Sexual selection ; Correlation ; Mate sampling ; Decision rules
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract For intersexual selection to occur, it is necessary that females choose between males. It is now well appreciated that constraints exist, which preclude females sampling all the available males in a population. These constraints are likely to have caused the evolution of sampling rules (such as the “best-of-n” rule) by which females sample males. Here we investigate the impact of female subsampling of the male population, not on the evolution of sampling behaviour, but on the population-level correlation between a male trait and currencies such as reproductive success. This study is important as it illustrates when population-level correlations can be safely used to infer the presence and strength of sexual selection in the field. We find that the correlation between a male trait and a mate choice variable rises steeply as the number of males sampled by each female increases, flattening above seven to ten males sampled. This shape is found to be remarkably robust, and little affected by, for example, the mate choice variable used, by noise in assessment, by sampling behaviour depending on female quality, or by population size. The only variable found to have a large impact is male clumping according to their “quality”. If females are sampling about four males, the maximum correlation that can be found at the population level is in the range 0.4–0.6, perhaps as little as 0.1 if males are strongly clumped. A recent review of the literature suggests that four is the average number of males that females sample. Thus, the absence of a strong correlation cannot by itself be used to infer that sexual selection is weak, as it may be due to females sampling few males.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of biological physics 23 (1997), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 1573-0689
    Schlagwort(e): Membrane ; Transport ; Transport parameters ; Correlation ; Correlation constant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We derive a formula for the correlation of the three practical transportparameters Lp, σ, and ω appearing in Kedem-Katchalskyequations. It has a form ω = KLp/vs(1-σ), where K = 0.0306 is a universal constant independent ofthe choice of a membrane and a solute. It can be used to calculate the valueof any of these parameters, provided the other two and the molar volume $$\overline {\upsilon _s } $$ of the solute are known. The formula couldbe very useful, in particular when measurements of the parameters aredifficult or even impossible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 66 (1997), S. 43-69 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): commodity taxation ; anticipated switch ; H24 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper investigates the macroeconomic and welfare effects of an anticipated future switch from destination- to origin-based commodity taxation. We set up an intertemporal representative-agent model of an open economy and study especially consumption, investment, and trade-balance responses to the commodity-tax reform. The anticipation effects on the macroeconomy are significant, whereas their welfare implications are not.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Empirical economics 22 (1997), S. 63-81 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Schlagwort(e): Marginal rate of substitution ; crowding out ; cointegration ; error correction ; E21 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper uses the life-cycle approach to derive an equilibrium intratemporal efficiency condition which relates the marginal utility of consumption of nondurable goods and services to the marginal utility of consumption of services from durable goods. Given this condition and the assumption that marginal utilities are affected by the level of public spending, a long-run relationship between components of private consumption and public expenditure is then postulated. The application of cointegration analysis to UK data supports the existence and uniqueness of such a long-run relationship, and estimates based on the error correction approach produce results which suggest that (i) a change in public spending has different effects on components of private consumption in the short-run, and (ii) the entire burden of long-run substitution falls on nondurable consumption.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Empirical economics 22 (1997), S. 615-635 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Schlagwort(e): Fiscal Policy ; Generational Accounts ; Public Debt ; E62 ; H60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Using the device of generational accounting, this paper assesses the distribution of lifetime net tax payments across gender and generations in Denmark. We find two significant biases associated with the current structure and stance of public finances. First, not only do men contribute a much large share of their lifetime incomes to the government than women, womens' net payments are even negative. Second, the tax burden on future generations is likely to be substantially higher than the tax burden on current generations.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1335-1342 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Genetic gain ; Allele frequency ; Index weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The application of the selection index in the case of an additive two-trait model in which the genetic effect on each trait is determined by a finite number of loci is examined. Simulation results indicate that the direction of change in the frequency of favourable alleles is not necessarily in the positive direction at all loci when index selection is used as the basis for truncation selection. When the genetic correlation was positive (or favourable with respect to the economic weights), there was little difference (〈5%) in genetic gain over 20 generations and no difference in the direction of change in allele frequencies or genetic correlation whether or not updated values for the genetic (co)variances were used in constructing the selection index. However, when the genetic correlation was negative or unfavourable, the effect of using genetic parameters which were not updated had unexpected effects on the allele frequencies and genetic correlation and reduced the genetic gain by a greater amount (〈 12%).
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Taupo volcanic zone ; Ignimbrites ; Palaeomagnetism ; Fission track ; Geochronology ; Correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Large volume (100–1000 km3), widespread rhyolitic ignimbrites are the main products of the Taupo volcanic zone (TVZ) of New Zealand, one of the most active silicic volcanic regions on Earth. Several factors have made correlation and the eruptive history of the ignimbrites difficult to resolve, including limited exposure and chronological data, broadly similar lithologies and the lack of stratigraphic successions visible in the field. We have used the isothermal plateau fission track (ITPFT) method on glass shards from the non-welded basal zones to obtain new eruption ages for the widespread units: Ongatiti (1.25±0.12 Ma), Whakamaru group (0.34±0.03 Ma), Matahina (0.34±0.02 Ma), Chimp (0.33±0.02 Ma), Kaingaroa (0.31±0.01 Ma) and Mamaku (0.23±0.01 Ma) ignimbrites. These glasses show little evidence of geochemical alteration and allow the units to be fingerprinted for correlation. The glass ages we have obtained for the late Quaternary units provide an independent check on chronological data obtained from phenocryst phases. The ITPFT method is a useful dating approach for sanidine-poor eruptives which limit the application of 40Ar/39Ar. Errors as limited as 10–30 ka can be obtained from the weighted mean of several age determinations. The thermoremanent magnetic (TRM) direction recorded in the units provides a means of correlation over a wide area of the TVZ, because each ignimbrite can be distinguished by its unique record of palaeosecular variation. These data indicate that the four separately mapped members of the Whakamaru group represent the same phase of activity, occurring within a period of 100 years. The TRM data indicate that the widespread Ahuroa ignimbrite erupted during an excursion in Earth's magnetic field, perhaps associated with the Cobb Mountain subchron (ca. 1.2 Ma). The youngest widespread welded unit, Mamaku ignimbrite (ca. 0.23 Ma), also erupted during an excursion and may represent a southern hemisphere record of the Pringle Falls geomagnetic episode found in the western United States. The palaeomagnetic and ITPFT data for the widespread late Quaternary ignimbrites suggest a major period of caldera formation at 0.34–0.30 Ma. This interval represents the eruption of multiple units from the Whakamaru caldera, followed by the formation of the Okataina and Reporoa calderas in rapid succession.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Chicken ; DNA fingerprinting ; Correlation ; Crosses ; Production traits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic diversity within and among nine pure lines of Beijing White Leghorn chickens was determined by DNA fingerprinting using human ministatellite probes 33.6 and α-globin 3′HVR, as well as bacteriophage M13. Within lines similarity coefficients ranged from 0.497 to 0.628, significantly higher than that within a sample of white chicken from a local market. Relationships among lines were established by clustering analysis based on inter-line coefficients of difference calculated from DNA fingerprints of pooled DNA. A complete diallel crossing among the nine pure lines was conducted. By using linear correlation analysis, it was found that the maximum distance between parental lines was positively correlated with egg number, egg production, survival rate and their corresponding heterosis percentages within a pair of reciprocal crosses. Similar relationships were found where only the higher of the reciprocal crosses were used in the analysis. It was also shown that similarity coefficients within a sire line or dam line were positively correlated with 40-week egg number and its heterosis percentage and the heterosis percentage for 40-week egg production, but negatively correlated with the 40-week survival rate of the cross-bred populations.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chicken ; DNA fingerprinting ; Correlation ; Crosses ; Production traits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Genetic diversity within and among nine pure lines of Beijing White Leghorn chickens was determined by DNA fingerprinting using human ministatellite probes 33.6 and α-globin 3′HVR, as well as bacteriophage M13. Within lines similarity coefficients ranged from 0.497 to 0.628, significantly higher than that within a sample of white chicken from a local market. Relationships among lines were established by clustering analysis based on inter-line coefficients of difference calculated from DNA fingerprints of pooled DNA. A complete diallel crossing among the nine pure lines was conducted. By using linear correlation analysis, it was found that the maximum distance between parental lines was positively correlated with egg number, egg production, survival rate and their corresponding heterosis percentages within a pair of reciprocal crosses. Similar relationships were found where only the higher of the reciprocal crosses were used in the analysis. It was also shown that similarity coefficients within a sire line or dam line were positively correlated with 40-week egg number and its heterosis percentage and the heterosis percentage for 40-week egg production, but negatively correlated with the 40-week survival rate of the crossbred populations.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Natural resources research 5 (1996), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; petroleum resource assessment ; quantitative methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract There is an inbuilt correlation between estimated quantities of oil and gas produced by probabilistic assessments of undiscovered oil and gas resources. Correlation between assessed quantities of oil and gas occurs at every level, whether prospects, plays, basins, continents, or the world. Providing that the oil and gas are assessed in the same run of the computer program, the correlation can be calculated using the paired values of the undiscovered oil and gas volumes calculated in each of the Monte Carlo simulations. It can be seen in the shape and density of a point plot of these paired values. Alternatively, the correlation can be calculated theoretically using an equation written in terms of the data input to the assessment program. These commonly include distributions for the number of accumulations (N), the success rate (s), the accumulation sizes (V), an oil to gas conversion factor, and a proportion of oil to oil plus gas (P OOG). The cause of the correlation is investigated and explained using point plots and equations for a variety of input distributions. The shape and density of each plot are determined by the pattern of the numbers of oil and gas accumulations, the sizes of the accumulations, and the proportions of oil to oil plus gas. The correlation is caused by the dispersion or spread of the input distributions. It may be positive or negative, tending toward positive as the dispersions ofN, s, andV increase and the dispersion ofP OOG decreases. The correlation indicates that there is a relationship between the undiscovered oil and gas resources that may be described by fitting a linear regression to a plot of the paired values of the total oil and gas resources. The relationship should be quoted as part of the assessment and might be used to make a better estimate of the value of the undiscovered resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 64 (1996), S. 265-280 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): fiscal spending ; heterogeneous agents ; lifetime utility ; F34 ; F41 ; E62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Using a two-country dynamic optimization model where the less patient country decumulates and the more patient one accumulates wealth, we analyze spillover effects of lump-sum and consumption taxes. A lump-sum tax on a country definitely harms the other country through a change in the rate of interest. A lump-sum tax on either country always improves the less patient country's asset position. A consumption tax has no spillover effect, although it is Pareto-inferior. Applying these results into a closed-country context with heterogeneous agents, we also discuss policy implications of a discriminatory tax.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Population ; Correlation ; Soil properties ; Mollisol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The populations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) propagules by the most probable number method in some mollisols and their correlations with some important soil properties were determined. On average, the six soils, Phoolbagh clay loam, Beni silty clay loam, Haldi loam, Nagla loam, Khamia sandy loam and Patherchatta sandy loam contained 4.9, 4.0, 7.9, 7.9, 3.3 and 13.0 propagules/g soil, respectively, i.e. none of the soils was found to be high in VAM. The size of the VAM population was compared to soil properties such as pH, organic carbon, sand content, available phosphorus and available potassium, cation-exchange capacity, silt and clay contents. A significant positive correlation (r=0.586) was only found with available soil phosphorus (P〈0.05) and a significant negative correlation (r=–0.555) with soil clay content (P〈0.05).
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae Population ; Correlation ; Soil properties ; Mollisol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The populations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) propagules by the most probable number method in some mollisols and their correlations with some important soil properties were determined. On average, the six soils, Phoolbagh clay loam, Beni silty clay loam, Haldi loam, Nagla loam, Khamia sandy loam and Patherchatta sandy loam contained 4.9, 4.0, 7.9, 7.9, 3.3 and 13.0 propagules/g soil, respectively, i.e. none of the soils was found to be high in VAM. The size of the VAM population was compared to soil properties such as pH, organic carbon, sand content, available phosphorus and available potassium, cation-exchange capacity, silt and clay contents. A significant positive correlation (r=0.586) was only found with available soil phosphorus (P〈0.05) and a significant negative correlation (r=-0.555) with soil clay content (P〈0.05).
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1032-1036 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Seedling selection ; Red clover ; Expected response to selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Knowledge of the correlation between juvenileand mature-plant traits is critical in determining the opportunities for early stage selection. The effects of early stage selection on mature-plant performance have rarely been quantified. This study was conducted to identify seedling traints in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) that correlate to mature-plant traits and to evaluate the effect of seedling selection on forage yields and other mature-plant traits. The results showed that relationships between most seedlingand mature-plant traits were weak (r ranged from 0.170 to 0.239). Nevertheless, selecting the top 10% seedlings for petiole length, days from emergence to full expansion of the 4th leaf (D4LE), or leaves per seedling, produced a mature-plant population with higher individual plant dry weight (IPDW1) and higher annual yield in 1993 (Y93). Selection for leaves per seedling increased IPDW1 by 23.2%. Selection for petiole length and the smallest D4LE increased Y93 by 15.7% and 13.8%, respectively. Furthermore, substantial expected genetic gains were obtained for IPDW1 and Y93 when selecting for some seedling traits. We conclude that plants and families with low potential yield can be eliminated at the seedling stage in red clover. This will allow breeders to increase the number of superior plants to be field tested or to conduct a more rigorous evaluation of the selected plants. Among the five selection schemes tested for direct selection of mature-plant traits, mass selection produced the largest genetic gain.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 91 (1995), S. 225-236 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): Symmetry breaking ; Correlation ; DFI-HF instabilities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The solution of both Hartree-Fock (HF) and Kohn-Sham (KS) equations is based on the variational principle. Exact wavefunctions would obey the same symmetry restrictions contained in the total hamiltonian. However, the variational principle does not guarantee these symmetry restrictions and the HF and KS solutions are not necessarily symmetric in spin and space. Spatial and spin symmetry broken solutions with lower energies than their restricted analogues are examined for C2 and Be2, in the context of the KS formalism. Comparison with UHF solutions shows that KS instabilities are far less pronounced. The main differences between HF and KS solutions are related to effects of electron correlation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 271-297 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Schlagwort(e): E24 ; E62 ; C32 ; C12
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A 10-dimensional vector space is defined which is in accordance with a model of wage setting and demand for labour specified in a bargaining framework. Structural restrictions identifying the long-run relations of interest are specified. Restrictions which characterize wage-seting and labour demand schedules are imposed and tested, first separately and then jointly. The FIML procedure proposed in Johansen and Juselius (1990) is applied. Generally, restrictions satisfying the condition for formal identification pass the tests at a fairly high signficance level. The plausibility of resulting cointegrating relations applies not only to the signs but also to the magnitudes of the coefficients. The relations show up almost identically in partial and joint analysis. They do not appear to be sensitive to the choice between four or three cointegrating relations in the system. Finally, the relations are hardly influenced at all by alterative conjectures concerning endogeneity of various tax rates. The results indicate that there has been a considerable degree of real wage resistance in action in Finland.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 491-505 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Time series analysis ; Autocovariance ; Gaussian and fractional Brownian noise ; Correlation ; Hurst coefficient ; Fractal dimension ; Statistics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Fractal signals can be characterized by their fractal dimension plus some measure of their variance at a given level of resolution. The Hurst exponent, H, is 〈0.5 for rough anticorrelated series, 〉0.5 for positively correlated series, and =0.5 for random, white noise series. Several methods are available: dispersional analysis, Hurst rescaled range analysis, autocorrelation measures, and power special analysis. Short data sets are notoriously difficult to characterize; research to define the limitations of the various methods is incomplete. This numerical study of fractional Brownian noise focuses on determining the limitations of the dispersional analysis method, in particular, assessing the effects of signal length and of added noise on the estimate of the Hurst coefficient, H, (which ranges from 0 to 1 and is 2-D, where D is the fractal dimension). There are three general conclusions: (i) pure fractal signals of length greater than 256 points give estimates of H that are biased but have standard deviations less than 0.1; (ii) the estimates of H tend to be biased toward H=0.5 at both high H (〉0.8) and low H (〈0.5), and biases are greater for short time series than for long; and (iii) the addition of Gaussian noise (H=0.5) degrades the signals: for those with negative correlation (H〈0.5) the degradation is great, the noise has only mild degrading effects on signals with H〉0.6, and the method is particularly robust for signals with high H and long series, where even 100% noise added has only a few percent effect on the estimate of H. Dispersional analysis can be regarded as a strong method for characterizing biological or natural time series, which generally show long-range positive correlation.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretica chimica acta 91 (1995), S. 225-236 
    ISSN: 0040-5744
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Symmetry breaking ; Correlation ; DFI ; HF instabilities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary.  The solution of both Hartree–Fock (HF) and Kohn–Sham (KS) equations is based on the variational principle. Exact wavefunctions would obey the same symmetry restrictions contained in the total hamiltonian. However, the variational principle does not guarantee these symmetry restrictions and the HF and KS solutions are not necessarily symmetric in spin and space. Spatial and spin symmetry broken solutions with lower energies than their restricted analogues are examined for C2 and Be2, in the context of the KS formalism. Comparison with UHF solutions shows that KS instabilities are far less pronounced. The main differences between HF and KS solutions are related to effects of electron correlation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Empirical economics 19 (1994), S. 329-342 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Schlagwort(e): E13 ; E62 ; H26
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract When tax payments take place with a considerable time lag, inflation erodes part of their real value, and this loss may be comparable or even surpass the well-known gains from seigniorage. The paper finds that for the economy of Greece, a reduction of inflation will actually raise the total sum of tax collection and seigniorage, thus easing and not aggravating the debt-accumulation process.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 4 (1993), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Sequences ; Fourier transform
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The almost perfect binary sequences have been defined in [6] as (−1, +1)-periodic sequences such that all their out-of-phase autocorrelation coefficients are zero except one. In the preceding paper, the study of the almost perfect binary sequences is done by means of the ringF 2[X]/(X n −1). Here, the arithmetic of cyclotomic fields enables us to solve open problems and questions like: structure and existence of these sequences.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Constructive approximation 9 (1993), S. 191-208 
    ISSN: 1432-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Primary 28C20 ; 41A15 ; 46E30 ; 60J65 ; Secondary 60E15 ; 62J10 ; Wiener measure ; Brownian motion ; Spline approximation ; Orthonormal spline system ; Franklin system ; Orlicz spaces ; Hölder classes ; Covariance ; Correlation ; Gaussian vectors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract There are three results proved in this paper. The first one characterizes the Hölder classes in Orlicz spaces by the coefficients of the orthogonal spline expansions of the Franklin type. The second one gives a sharp estimate for the correlation of two random variables obtained as a composition of two Borel functions with the components of a given two-dimensional Gaussian vector. The third one is obtained with the help of the first two and it states that the Wiener measure is concentrated on the Banach space of Hölder functions with exponent 1/2 but in the norm of the Orlicz spaceL M * withM(t)=expt(t 2)−1.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 86 (1993), S. 167-179 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Properties ; Polarization propagator ; Coupled Hartree-Fock ; Random phase approximation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary We consider various possibilities for the uncorrelated reference for the calculation of properties. According to the philosophy of Löwdin, to whom this volume is dedicated, the uncorrelated reference state for response properties ought to be taken as the unperturbed Hartree-Fock state for properties of all orders in the applied field. Frequently, however, it is operationally convenient to use the coupled Hartree-Fock like results as a standard of comparison for second- and higher-order properties, even though this is not consistent with Löwdin's choice for the uncorrelated reference state. In this method the reference state is the perturbed Hartree-Fock state. Numerical examples demonstrate a rather large difference between the two uncorrelated references. We consider the pros and cons of each choice.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 87 (1993), S. 147-173 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; MP2 ; AO ; Laplace transform ; Bounds ; Parallel computer ; Gradient ; Crystal ; Solid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A novel formulation of MP2 theory is presented which starts from the Laplace transform MP2 ansatz, and subsequently moves from a molecular orbital (MO) representation to an atomic orbital (AO) representation. Consequently, the new formulation is denoted AO-MP2. As in traditional MP2 approaches electron repulsion integrals still need to be transformed. Strict bounds on the individual MP2 energy contribution of each intermediate four-index quantity allow to screen off numerically insignificant integrals with a single threshold parameter. Implicit in our formulation is a bound to two-particle density matrix elements. For small molecules the computational cost for AO-MP2 calculations is about a factor of 100 higher than for traditional MO-based approaches, but due to screening the computational effort in larger systems will only grow with the fourth power of the size of the system (or less) as is demonstrated both in theory and in application. MP2 calculations on (non-metallic) crystalline systems seem to be a feasible extension of the Laplace transform approach. In large molecules the AO-MP2 ansatz allows massively parallel MP2 calculations without input/output of four-index quantities provided that each processor has in-core memory for a limited number of two-index quantities. Energy gradient formulas for the AO-MP2 approach are derived.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 6 (1993), S. 35-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Optimization ; Parallel ; Regularization ; Stereo
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract To compute reliable dense depth maps, a stereo algorithm must preserve depth discontinuities and avoid gross errors. In this paper, we show how simple and parallel techniques can be combined to achieve this goal and deal with complex real world scenes. Our algorithm relies on correlation followed by interpolation. During the correlation phase the two images play a symmetric role and we use a validity criterion for the matches that eliminate gross errors: at places where the images cannot be correlated reliably, due to lack of texture of occlusions for example, the algorithm does not produce wrong matches but a very sparse disparity map as opposed to a dense one when the correlation is successful. To generate a dense depth map, the information is then propagated across the featureless areas, but not across discontinuities, by an interpolation scheme that takes image grey levels into account to preserve image features. We show that our algorithm performs very well on difficult images such as faces and cluttered ground level scenes. Because all the algorithms described here are parallel and very regular they could be implemented in hardware and lead to extremely fast stereo systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 11 (1993), S. 53-70 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; permeability ; network model ; sphere pack ; percolation ; tessellation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In principle, network models can replicate exactly the microstructure of porous media. In practice, however, network models have been constructed using various assumptions concerning pore structure. This paper presents a network model of a real, disordered porous medium that invokes no assumptions regarding pore structure. The calculated permeability of the model agrees well with measured permeabilities, providing a new and more rigorous confirmation of the validity of the network approach. Several assumptions commonly used in constructing network models are found to be invalid for a random packing of equal spheres. In addition, the model permits quantification of the effect of pore-scale correlation (departure from randomness) upon permeability. The effect is comparable to reported discrepancies between measured permeabilities and predictions of other network models. The implications of this finding are twofold. First, a key assumption of several theories of transport in porous media, namely that pore dimensions are randomly distributed upon a network, may be invalid for real porous systems. Second, efforts both to model and to measure pore-scale correlations could yield more accurate predictions of permeability.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of anthropology 8 (1993), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1824-3096
    Schlagwort(e): Total finger ridge count ; Polygenic inheritance ; Major gene ; Regression ; Correlation ; Variance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between mean total finger ridge count (TFRC) and its variability is examined using 43 male and 34 female samples from the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, using the approach of Jantz (1977) to verify the major gene effect. The mean TFRC is found to be inversely and significantly related to its variability barring standard deviation (SD). The F ratios are highly significant and the variation of TFRC due to coefficient of variation (CV) is around 39 per cent. The values of correlations, regressions, F ratios etc., of the present study fully support the hypothesis of major gene effect on TFRC.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cryptology 5 (1992), S. 67-86 
    ISSN: 1432-1378
    Schlagwort(e): Stream cipher ; Correlation ; Cryptanalysis ; Boolean functions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract For pseudo-random generators where one or several LFSRs are combined by a memoryless function, it is known that the output sequences are correlated to certain LFSR-sequences whose correlation coefficients c t satisfy the equation ∑ i c 2 i = 1. In this paper it is proved that a corresponding result also holds for generators whose LFSRs are connected to a combiner with memory. If correlation probabilities are conditioned on side information, e.g., on known output digits, it is shown that new or stronger correlations may occur. This is exemplified for the summation cipher with only two LFSRs where such correlations can be exploited in a known plaintext attack. A cryptanalytic algorithm is given which is shown to be successful for LFSRs of considerable length and with arbitrary feedback connection.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 28 (1990), S. 509-524 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Averaging ; Biomedical ; Correlation ; Covariance ; Estimation ; Signal processing ; Time domain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This is the first of a series of four tutorial papers on biomedical signal processing. It provides an introduction to terminology and basic ideas for testing for randomness and trend, and for the determination of basic signal properties in the time domain, given the uncertainties associated with the estimation process. Techniques outlined in the paper are: the coherent average, cross-correlation and covariance, autocorrelation and phase-shift averaging.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cryptology 1 (1989), S. 159-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1378
    Schlagwort(e): Cryptanalysis ; Stream cipher ; Correlation ; Linear feedback shift register
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Suppose that the output of a running key generator employed in a stream cipher is correlated to a linear feedback shift register sequence (LFSR sequence) a with correlation probabilityp〉0.5. Then two new correlation attacks (Algorithms A and B) are presented to determine the initial digits of a, provided that the numbert of feedback taps is small (t〈10 ifp≤0.75). The computational complexity of Algorithm A is of orderO(2ck), wherek denotes the length of the LFSR andc〈1 depends on the input parameters of the attack, and Algorithm B is polynomial (in fact, even linear) in the lengthk of the LFSR. These algorithms are much faster than an exhaustive search over all phases of the LFSR, and are demonstrated to be successful against shift registers of considerable lengthk (typically,k=1000). On the other hand, for correlation probabilitiesp≤0.75 the attacks are proven to be infeasible against long LFSRs if they have a greater number of taps (roughlyk≥100 andt≥10).
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 29 (1989), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic code ; Amino acid properties ; Correlation ; Cluster analysis ; Discriminant analysis ; Codon plurality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In this paper, I define a measure of the relative position of each amino acid in the genetic code by means of a 21-dimensional vector describing its potential for mutation, in a single step, to each of the other amino acids, or to a chain termination codon. This measure allows us to make a systematic investigation of the type and number of the physicochemical properties of the amino acids that were involved in evolution. The polar character and size of amino acids are identified in this analysis as properties that played a leading role in the evolutionary history of the genetic code. The application of cluster analysis and discriminant analysis reveals the characteristics of the structural organization of the genetic code. Finally, I suggest the existence of a relationship between the molecular weight of the amino acids and the number of synonymous codons.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 572-579 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Cardiovascular ; Coherence ; Correlation ; Signal sampling ; Signal processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two algorithms, based on coherency and correlation functions, are proposed for estimating the signal-to-noise ratio of physiological signals including the effect of flicker noise. New sampling techniques based on converting a single continuous signal into two time series that satisfy the requirements of the algorithms are proposed. The algorithms are applied to a computer-generated signal and noise composite of known SNR, as well as to quasiperiodic left ventricular pressure (LVP) waveforms transduced from ten patients. Both coherency and correlation methods were used to estimate the known SNR of the computer-generated compsite, signal and noise to within ±5 per cent, for SNR values between 10 and 30 dB. When applied to LVP waveforms, the two methods gave SNR values which were almost identical. Flicker noise associated with the LVP waveforms was computed to be 14 dB higher than the white noise. It is concluded that flicker, or 1/f noise, which has been heretofore ignored in SNR calculations of pressure and flow signals, must now be included.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 26 (1988), S. 584-590 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; EEG ; EOG ; Models ; Ocular artefacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An investigation of ocular artefacts (OAs) in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) to quantify the effectiveness of OA removal and to find the most effective model for removing OAs online is described. In Part 1, the models used in the investigation are described and the data analysed. The analysis showed that the ‘true’ EEG exhibited a high degree of serial correlation and so the ordinary least-squares (OLS) method employed to remove OA was inefficient. Efficient alternative methods based on autoregressive models of the ‘true’ EEG are discussed. It is also shown that the EOGs are linearly dependent making some of them redundant. In Part 2, the models are compared.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 71 (1987), S. 375-384 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): MCSCF ; Correlation ; Effective potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A method is suggested which allows the inclusion of dynamic correlation into CASSCF calculations. An effective Coulomb hole potential is added to the Hamiltonian. The potential has a simple form, which allows its implementation into existing LCAO programs using Gaussian integral packages. The parameters appearing in the potential are determined by fitting to empirical valence correlation energies for first row atoms. Calculations of ionization energies and electron affinities show considerable improvement compared to the MCSCF values. Test calculations on three molecules give the following results, H2∶ r e=0.745 (0.741) Å, D e=4.62 (4.75) eV; N2∶ r e=1.099 (1.098) Å, D e= 10.42 (9.91) eV; O2∶ r e=1.198 (1.207) Å, D e=4.73 (5.21) eV. Experimental values within parenthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Queueing systems 2 (1987), S. 373-380 
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; estimation ; waiting times ; GI/M/m queue
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Serial correlation coefficients are useful measures of the interdependence of successive waiting times. Potential applications include the development of linear predictors and determining simulation run lengths. This paper presents the algorithm for calculating such correlations in the multiserver exponential service queue, and relates it to known results for single server queues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 25 (1987), S. 397-402 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Electrodes ; Electrogastrogram ; Frequency ; Gastric electrical activity ; Phase angle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Several authors have reported measurements of the human electrogastrogram (EGG), both with intraluminal electrodes and with improved noninvasive techniques. These methods provide information about the existence and frequency of gastric electrical activity (GEA) which may aid in diagnosing tachygastria. However, none of these methods have provided information regarding the direction and velocity of propagation of GEA. Such information could help isolates such abnormalities as gastro-oesophageal and antral reflux and gastric stasis. To ascertain the reliability of the extracorporal measurements, a new intraluminal electrode assembly was developed. This probe measures GEA through the mucosa at several locations simultaneously; yielding frequency, direction of propagation and velocity of the electrical activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Visual evoked potential ; Visual pathway ; Weighting matrix
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured using 19 electrodes attached to the scalps of five normal human subjects during stimulations of the full-field and hemifield chequerboard pattern reversal. These signals were analysed by a new method based on the time locus of the potential distribution centre, where this locus was computed from the spatial potential distribution using the weighting matrix and maximum mean cross-correlation criteria. The results showed that the loci of normal subjects are similar, with an average correlation of 0·87. The loci produced in the left hemifield stimulation were different from the loci produced during the right hemifield stimulation, with a correlation of −0·66. Experimental results from four cats showed significant changes of the time loci after surgical division of the visual path-ways.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Foetal heart rate ; Modulus difference ; Ultrasonic foetal monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Microprocessor-based correlation processing is now widely used for the estimation of foetal heart rate from ultrasonic Doppler signals. The paper describes a technique having a, similar performance, to correlation but which will run three times faster on a microprocessor without an onboard hardware multiplier. This speed improvement results from replacing each multiplication operation of the correlation algorithm with a subtraction and a modulus operation. The algorithm, is thus referred to as the modulus difference algorithm. Typical waveforms are presented illustrating the responses of the two processors to continuous wave Doppler foetal heart signals for both wide (50 Hz) and narrow (4 Hz) preprocessor bandwidths. A quantitative comparison is given of the performance of the two methods in estimating the period of a synthetic signal with additive white Gaussian noise. This simulation represents the wideband preprocessor case. A theoretical derivation of the outputs for the narrowband preprocessor case is given, and actual outputs are shown for comparison. A tutorial approach is adopted throughout the paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Barley cultivars ; Cations ; Composition ; Correlation ; Interaction ; Macronutrients ; Micronutrients ; Regression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary No differences were found among the five cultivars studied in the relationships between soil chemical properties and crop concentrations or uptake of macro and micro nutrient cations. Soil pH was significantly correlated with both the concentration and yield of most of the cations from grain of all cultivars with no differences between cultivars determined. None of the cultivars showed significant relationships between the concentration of a nutrient element in the whole plant or in the grain and the available nutrient determined from the soil. The degree of association between the concentration of a given cation in the whole plant and in grain was generally small and, in many cases insignificant. Those cations showing strong relationships were Na, Mn, and Zn. These relationships were not found to differ between cultivars. Stepwise regression analysis showed pH to be the dominant factor determining the composition of whole plants and grain. Addition of soil available nutrients to the equation resulted in slight reductions in the sums of squares.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Argile ; Corrélation ; Eléments ; Helminthia echioides ; Sélénium ; Trifolium repens ; Clay loam ; Correlation ; Elements ; Helminthia echioïdes ; Selenium ; Trifolium repens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Clay loam soils on La Roche-Posay area andHelminthia echioïdes andTrifolium repens growing on them were analyzed for selenium content. On thirty sites, total soil Se concentration varied from 1.7 to 4.5 ppm and soil pH varied from 6.1 to 7.2. The selenium content in plants was high: from 2 to 32.5 ppm, but showed no correlation with soil pH or with total Se content in soil. Both species were also analyzed for their sixteen element contents. They contained high concentrations of Al, Fe, Ni, Co and Cr. The higher Se contents were found in plants presenting the lower Al, Fe, As and Mn levels. In Trifolium, the Se content showed a negative correlation with the concentration of Al (r=−0.44), of Fe (r=−0.47) and of As (r=−0.47). Moreover, there were high positive correlations between the levels of Al, Fe and As in both species. A positive correlation between the concentration of Se and P was seen for Helminthia, but for Trifolium, the lower concentrations of Se were noted both in samples that had the lower and the higher levels of P. Some other positive correlations were noted between Se concentrations and those of Co, Mo or Mn when it is present in relatively high amounts in the plant species.
    Notizen: Résumé Nous avons analysé la teneur en sélénium de sols argileux de la région de La Roche-Posay ainsi que celle deHelminthia echioïdes etTrifolium repens qui s'y développent. Sur trente emplacements, la concentration en Se total du sol varie de 1,7 à 4,5 ppm et le pH oscille de 6,1 à 7,2. La teneur en sélénium des plantes est élevée: de l'ordre de 2 à 32,5 ppm, mais aucune corrélation n'a été notée entre ces valeurs et d'une part le pH du sol ou d'autre part la teneur totale en Se du sol. Seize éléments minéraux ont également été dosés. Les deux espèces présentent des concentrations élevées en Al, Fe, Ni, Co et Cr. Les Teneurs les plus fortes en Se ont été retrouées dans les plantes possédant les taux les plus bas en Al, Fe, As et Mn. Chez Trifolium, une corrélation négative est observée entre la concentration en Se et celle en Al (r=−0,44), en Fe (r=−0,47) et en As (r=−0,47). Par ailleurs, des corrélations positives sont obtenues entre les teneurs en Al, Fe et As chez les deux espèces. Une corrélation positive existe entre la teneur en Se et celle en P chez Helminthia, mais chez Trifolium les plus faibles concentrations en Se se retrouvent à la fois dans les échantillons présentant les niveaux les plus faibles et les plus forts en P. Chez l'une ou l'autre des espèces étudiées, des corrélations positives apparaissent entre les teneurs en Se et celles en Co, Mo ou même Mn lorsqu'il est présent à des taux relativement élevés dans la plante.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Standardization ; Averaging ; Narrow rows ; Multiple Regression ; Multicolinearities ; Prediction equations ; Multiple traits ; Correlation ; Interrelationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The study was conducted to identify plant characters associated with seed yield in close soybean plant spacings. Lines selected from two F6 soybean populations in the F10 generation segragating for degree of stem termination were grown in two locations. Traits measured included lengths of developmental stage. plant and canopy height, number of nodes, lodging at different stages, raceme lengths, and number of nodes and branch number of nodes. One problem in analyzing data and drawing conclusions from such a study is related to the complex nature of the interrelationships of a large number of traits. Another, not unrelated problem, involves the calculation of multiple-regression equations with multicolinearities. Because of these problems, factor analysis was used to study the correlation matrix to identify sets of variables related to the same biological concept or function. The variables within sets were determined for each stem termination type, and measurements of these variables were standardized. Means were calculated by using the sum of the standardized variables for each set. Multiple regression was used to study the relationships between sets as the independent variables and yield as the dependent variable. Individual traits were selected from within each set and substituted in the multiple regression equations calculated with the mean value for each set. With use of this technique to determine multiple regression equations, the resulting equations involved measurements of different biological functions instead of repeated measurements of the same function in the plant. It was found that, in the determinate stem type, the measurement of the seed-filling period and branch number of nodes could possibly be used to predict yield while, in the semideterminate stem type, the measurement of the ‘fixed capital’ function and terminal raceme length were possibly useful. Finally, in the indeterminate stem type, the measurement of the ‘fixed capital’ could be used, but it had a very low predictive value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 21 (1983), S. 149-157 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Acceleration ; Concussion ; Correlation ; Evoked potential ; Latency ; Neurophysiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Somatosensory evoked potentials (e.p.s) produced by stimulation of the dorsal columns were recorded from the cervicol medullary junction of adult rhesus monkeys, and were analysed using normalised cross-correlation functions (n.c.c.f.s.), simple peak detection and r.m.s. amplitude measurement. The n.c.c.f. provided measures of latency shift and waveshape change, while the more traditional peak-detection method provided measures of peak latency and peak amplitude. The results of these procedures were plotted as functions of time relative to a single, brief experimental manipulation (impact acceleration of the whole body). Analysis by means of the n.c.c.f. was found to be a versatile and effective technique the advantages of which include measurement of latency shifts with little contamination by moderate changes in waveshape, quantification of subtle waveshape changes and usefulness under a wide variety of noise conditions
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): HCP ; FCP ; Basis sets ; Correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Ab initio calculations using a variety of basis sets and including electron correlation via the MP3 method are reported for HCP and FCP and their positive ions. Comparisons are made with the available experimental data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 20 (1982), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Doppler ultrasound ; Event signal analysis ; Foetal heart rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An improved method for the determination of foetal heart rate from Doppler ultrasound signals is described and evaluated. It determines the most probable pulse interval from the recurrence times of multiple echoes generated by each cardiac pulse. The method, when optimised, is shown to offer an improvement over current systems, especially in reduced signal loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Wiley
    In:  Chichester, Wiley, vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 0-470-02298-1)
    Publikationsdatum: 1982
    Schlagwort(e): Data analysis / ~ processing ; Correlation ; Seismic stratigraphy ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Selection ; Mice ; Feeding Efficiency ; Correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Selection was practised for improved feed efficiency (gain/feed intake) of mice on two alternative feeding regimes. In one set of lines animals were fed ad libitum, in the other set they were individually fed a fixed amount of feed (about 10% below the control ad libitum intake) which was not changed over generations. For each treatment, a pair of replicate lines (E) were selected on efficiency from 3–5 weeks of age for 8 generations and another pair (L) from 5–7 weeks for 7 generations. A control line was maintained for both E and L lines. In terminal generations mice from each line were tested on each feeding regime, and carcasses of ad libitum fed mice were analysed. The realized heritability (within families) for efficiency averaged 13%, without much variation over treatments. In the E lines efficiency increased by about 18% of the control mean and in the L lines by about 60%, although absolute changes were small, and responses were similar on the two feeding regimes. Weights at the start of test decreased in the E lines and increased in the L lines; weights at the end of test increased in both. When tested on the alternative regimes, no interactions were detected for live weights, weight gains or efficiency; selection under fixed intake led to the same increase in appetite as did that under ad libitum. There were no interactions for carcass composition. Selection for efficiency led to an increase in fatness on both selection regimes and both weight ranges.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1981), S. 369-377 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): Excited states ; Correlation ; Reorganization ; He-atom
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A method is introduced which allows to compute self-consistent restricted Hartree-Fock wave functions for excited Rydberg configurations. The concepts of reorganization and electron correlation of Rydberg states are discussed. As an illustration Hartree-Fock calculations for the (ls)(nl) Rydberg series of He are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorophyll ; Simulation ; Trichromatic equations ; Correlation ; multiple t-comparisons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A numerical simulation of trichromatic pigment equations is made with the aid of a computer utility program. Significant quantitative differences in the estimates of pigment concentration result from using different sets of trichromatic equations. Estimates of chlorophylls a, b, and c were found highly correlated with the application of the equations, even though the absorbance values used as input for the stimulation are not correlated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Wiley
    In:  New York, 2nd Edition, 709 pp., Wiley, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-7643-7143-9)
    Publikationsdatum: 1981
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; fit ; Textbook of mathematics
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Retention index ; Structural increments ; Regression equations ; Correlation ; Physicochemical constants of hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Retention parameters of different hydrocarbon classes were determined on non-polar and medium-polar stationary phases. The relationship between the retention indices, the physicochemical properties and the chemical structure of the solutes (samples) and solvents (liquid phases) was investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Fatty acid methyl esters ; Free energies of solution in stationary phases ; Connectivity indices ; Correlation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The relationships between the connectivity indices — easily calculated from the molecular structure of the compounds — and the partial molar free energies of solution are investigated for the methyl esters of 39 saturated (normal and branched) mono- and polyunsaturated higher fatty acids on a nonpolar (SE-30) and polar (SILAR 5CP) phase. The prediction of the ΔG values seems possible for any compound assuming that data for standard compounds are available. The relationship may be generally useful for the thermodynamic evaluation of nonspecific interactions of compounds with the stationary phases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 11 (1978), S. 211-224 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic Code ; Origin ; Amino acid ; Oligonucleotide ; Correlation ; Anticodons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The contemporary genetic code is reflective of a significant correlation between the properties of amino acids and their anticodons in a periodic manner. Almost all properties of amino acids showed a greater correlation to anticodonic than to codonic dinucleoside monophosphate properties. The polarity and bulkiness of amino acid side chains can be used to predict the anticodon with considerable confidence. The results are most consistent with predictions of the “direct interaction” and “ambiguity reduction” hypotheses for the origin of the genetic code.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Association (interspecific) ; Cole's index ; Commonness ; Correlation ; Ordination ; Tree species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Several measures of interspecific association are compared. Dispersion and covariance are limited in value because they respond to the commonness of the species compared. Correlation is not so limited but it responds to discrepancies in commonness among the species. The practical result of these relationships between commonness and association is that only the most common species can occupy periferal positions in a species ordination. Rare species are relegated to positions near the center not on the basis of their phytosociological pattern but simply because of their rarity. Both Cole's index of association and the tetrachoric correlation overcome the problem imposed by the relationship between ordination position and species commonness and they both produce very similar results. The effect of differing numbers of species on the ordination configuration is examined using both Pearson's correlation and Cole's index. The basic pattern of the ordination is set with the first few species when Cole's index is used, however, since rare species are given more weight in the analysis with this index, the addition of several very rare species can change the configuration of the ordination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Journal cover
    Unbekannt
    Wiley | Royal Geographical Society
    Online: 1(1).2014 –
    Verlag: Wiley , Royal Geographical Society
    Digitale ISSN: 2054-4049
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Schlagwort(e): Allgemeine Geographie ; Umweltforschung
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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