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  • 1
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    Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel (2023)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in LeClerc, H., Tompsett, G., Paulsen, A., McKenna, A., Niles, S., Reddy, C., Nelson, R., Cheng, F., Teixeira, A., & Timko, M. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. IScience, 25(9), (2022): 104916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916.
    Description: Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.
    Description: This work was funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technology Office (DE-EE0008513), a DOE DBIR (DE-SC0015784) and the MassCEC. The authors thank WenWen Yao, Department of Environmental Science at WPI, for TOC analysis, Mainstream Engineering for heating value characterization of the oil and solid samples, Wei Fan for assistance in obtaining SEM images and, Julia Martin and Ronald Grimm for their assistance in collecting XPS data, and Jeffrey R. Page for his assistance with oil upgrading and analysis. HOL was partially funded for this work by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award number 2038257. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility, which is supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research and Division of Chemistry through DMR 16-44779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Catalysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Brood production of Barbus xanthopterus by fingerling rearing (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25275 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:56:56 | 25275 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Rearing ; Gattan ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Fecundity ; Survivor ; Brood production ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Fingerling ; Specimen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 3
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    Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin on the reproduction efficiency and growth of larval stage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25349 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:19:02 | 25349 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on reproduction efficiency of rainbow trout and some indices of egg quality. Therefore, it was considered 7 groups consisting 6 treatments of two different astaxanthin sources and a control (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3) and synthetic source in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Reproduction efficiency analyzed through reproduction indices such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization, survival, hatching and eyed egg rates. Significant difference between treatments in terms of fecundity, eyed eggs rate and the number of eggs per gram was observed (P 〈0.05). Although in some factors such as diameter, egg weight per body and fertilization rate, no significant differences was observed. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, hatching and eyed egg rates increased, but the effect of alga source on these indices was more perfect. Considering the results, the best result related to treatment of 8 gr/kg alga (T3). Observations during this research indicated no disease and mortality and also proper coloration and freshness of fishes. There was significant differences on blood factors (P 〈0.05). The broods were fed with algal astaxanthin had lower blood sugar. concentration of cholesterol was decressed alog with increasing in both the source of astaxanthin, however lower cholesterol relaed to algal astaxanthin. Total serum protein increased in treatments containing algal from 2.67 to 8 g/kg of astaxanthin. Increase in level of astaxanthin from 40 to 80 mg/kg, albumin increased and from 80 to 120 mg/kg, it was decreased. The changes in serum globulin treatments containing synthetic was not regular. Overall the results asserted that the application of astaxanthin improves reproduction performance of rainbow trout. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve reproductions indices and egg quality of rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province ; Rainbow trout ; Astaxanthin ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; Reproduction efficiency ; Larval stage ; Broods health ; Synthetic ; Algal astaxanthin ; Growth ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Eggs ; Spawning ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 4
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    Feeding investigations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings with emphasis on dominant phytoplanktons (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25368 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:22 | 25368 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study phytopague fingerlings feeding in fish ponds, simultaneously to the beginning of warm season and cultivation, fingerlings of 3-5 gr from 4 ponds in Mazandaran province were captured, fixed with formalin, then transferred to the plankton determination laboratory of Caspian sea ecologic institute. Based on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on phytoplankton and detritus. Planktonic groups were formed of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta. But in addition to these four groups Pyrophyta was present in fish pond water. Relative abundance of these nutrient organisms in water and intestine was different. Also in most cases a direct relation was observed between the intensity of water organisms and intestine ingredients. Based on this study, essential differences of digestion were observed following to the source of nutrition and the most difference were considered in digestion of Chrysophytes, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Base on the results of this study we propose to make more studies on fertilization and the proportion of different fertilizers in fish ponds in order to obtain easily digestible phytoplankton thus increase in fish exploitation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian sea ; Mazandaran province ; Silver carp fry ; Nutrition ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; Chrysophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Clorophyta ; Pyrophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Feeding ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Fingerlings ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 5
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 6
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    Artificial spawning and fingerling culturing of European Catfish (Silurus glanis L. 1758) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25191 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:30:30 | 25191 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was conducted to survey the artificial spawning of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) by synthetic hormones include Carp pituitary extract (CPE), Ovo fact [D-Ala6 des Gly10] GnRHa Ethyl amid in combination with domperidone diluted in propylene glycol, Human gonadotropin chryonic hormone (HCG) and LHRHa (des-Gly10, [D-Ala6] LH-RH Ethyl amide). In this research work 44 male and 72 female brood stokes that transferred to the Shaheed Dr Ansari hatchery and Sefid rod research station were studied on 2 years and injected with those stimulated maturation. Total length, total weight, gonad weight were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm, 1g and 0.01g respectively. The experiments were conducted using different doses of hormones on 4 treatments. In treatment CPE that brood stocks injected with 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg/BW, the most responded (83.33%) was with 5mg/kg/Bw of CPE. The mean fertilization in this treatment was 92.5 4.51 and after that there are groups which were stimulated by 4 mg/kg/BW of CPE .In treatment ovafact that brood fish were injected by 10, 20, 30, 40 μg/kg/BW of this stimulation hormone showed 100 percent of fish ovulated in the group treated with 40 μg/kg/BW of ovofact. The mean fertilization rate was 86.08 6.27 in this group. 33.3 % of brood fish ovulated in the group that injected with 40 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa stimulation, but none of brood stock reached to spawning with injection of 30 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa. The brood stocks were injected by 800, 850, 900, 950 IU/kg/BW of HCG, only 33.3 percent of fish in groups that received 900 & 950 IU/kg/BW of this Stimulation hormone reached to spawning stages. According to our results and statistical analysis between trial treatments in percent of Embryo viability showed significant difference (P〈0.05) between HCG treatment with Ovofact and CPE groups. This results indicates that embryo viability was better in CPE and Ovofact rate to LHRHa and HCG treatments. In the other cases include the working fecundity, fertilization percent, latency period of maturation, latency period of incubation eggs and ratio of weigh stripped egg to body weight did not show any significant difference (P〈0.05) in experimental treatments for stripping the male brood stock of European catfish were injected by 3,4,5 mg/kg/BW of CPE, but not one of male brood fish didn’t reaches to stripping stage , so for eggs fertilization were used of milt from macerated Testes of dead males. So in anther experiment the male brood fish were injected by 5 mg/kg/BW CPE repeatedly at once every 5 days for Period 20 day’s period and milt were collected from of all of the males.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Silurus glanis ; Artificial propagation ; CPE ; Ova fact ; HCG ; LHRHa ; Spawning ; Hormones ; Carp ; Maturation ; Brood stocks ; Fecundity ; Fertilization ; European Catfish ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 7
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 9
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 10
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    Propagation and stock enhancement of silver pomfret (Pamus argenteus) in the north west of Persian Gulf (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25359 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:37:31 | 25359 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larvae were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larvae were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan province ; Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 11
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    Creating a sperm bank from sturgeon brood stocks in the south Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25397 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 11:42:43 | 25397 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sturgeon stocks are drastically decreasing in Caspian Sea during recent decades. This project has been proposed to collect the excess sperm of Caspian Sea Southern part sturgeon breeders, to cryopreserve and hold them for further use. During two spawning seasons (2006-2007), sperm quality and quantity analysis were conducted on 34 different male sturgeons of which 12 Persian sturgeon, 4 stellate sturgeon, 1 beluga and 1 ship sturgeon with better quality were chosen to cryopreserve. After dilution of fresh sperm with sturgeon sperm diluent (115 mM Tris, 23.4 mM sucrose and 15% DMSO) at the ratio of 1:1, the 0.5 ml straws were filled using special filling and sealing apparatus and frozen with a multi step freezing rate. To access the further quality and fertilization test, samples were thawed at 40 °C for 20 seconds. During the project performance, 1010 ml of Persian sturgeon sperm , 110 ml of ship sturgeon sperm , 90 ml of stellate and 80 ml of beluga sperm were cryopreserved. The reduction of frozen-thawed sperm motility in comparison with fresh samples showed 10-52.3 % decrease, but there was not any significant differences between samples after 7 months preservation in liquid Nitrogen (P 〈 0.005). River caught Persian sturgeon samples showed higher sperm density in comparison with nonriverine breeders (P 〈 0.05). Data showed that stellate sturgeon sperm showed better resistance to freezing condition in comparison with Persian sturgeon spermatozoa. Fertilization tests (4 hours after fertilization) showed 27.4% and 58.2% fertilization rate in frozen-thawed stellate and Persian sturgeon spermatozoa, respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Spermatozoa ; Cryopreservation ; Percentage of motility ; Sperm bank ; Sturgeon ; Brood stocks ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Samples ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 12
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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  • 13
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    Determination of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injectionon artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25530 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:55:00 | 25530 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p〈0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p〈0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p〈0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p〈0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p〈0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively. The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Esox Lucius ; Reproduction ; Spawning ; Ovaprim Injection ; Fecundations ; Hatching ; Brooders ; Females ; Males ; Fertilization ; Hormone ; Larvae ; Earthen pond ; Fingerlings
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  • 14
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    An investigation on possibility of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feminization under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25574 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 12:10:40 | 25574 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of oral diethylstilbestrol (DES) on feminization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh fisheries research center. This Experiment was comprised of two control groups in two replicates and two experimental ones in three replicates. At the beginning of the trial, a number of 2150 larvae were randomly distributed among 10 replicates that were under treatment for 45 days. The diets in two control groups, i.e. non-treated, C1, and ethanol treated feed, C2, and the ones in two experimental groups, i.e. 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed, E1 and E2, were administrated to 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvae for a period of 35 days and then until day 45, the larvae were fed with ordinary feed. At the end of the trial, the gender ratio of larvae in different groups was determined by squash test in 50 randomly selected individuals from each replicate. The results showed no significant differences for gender ratios within control groups (respective male to female ratio in C1 and C2 was 47:53 and 57:43). However, the corresponding ratios within experimental ones, fed with 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed respectively, was significantly different (P〈0.05). Noteworthy that the percent of females between two experimental groups (E1 and E2) was not significantly different (70.0 and 64.7 respectively) but it was significantly different with ratios in experimental groups (P〈0.05). The total body length and live body weight were determined at the begging and then at day 30 and 45, it was randomly measured in 20 larvae from each replicate. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight and total length of larvae was 0.012 gram and 1.03 centimeter respectively. The respective averages at day 30 and 45 were significantly different among groups (P〈0.05). Survival rate was significantly different among groups (P〈0.05), being highest in E1 and E2 respectively whereas lowest in control ones (56.51 and 58.84 in C1 and C2 respectively).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh ; Nile tilapia ; Feminization ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Brackish Water ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Fisheries ; Fertilization ; Larvae ; Females ; Survival rate
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  • 15
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    Preliminary study on induction of triploidy in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) by thermal shocks (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25625 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:50 | 25625 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Triploidy ; Benni ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Thermal shocks ; Species ; Growth ; Fertilization ; ANOVA ; Bio conserving ; Genetic
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  • 16
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    Gynogenesis in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and beluga (Huso huso) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25294 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:21:17 | 25294 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen/triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group (P〈0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34°C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P〈0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N=177±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian sturgeon ; Beluga ; Gynogenesis ; Triploids ; Chromosome manipulation ; Huso huso ; Fertilization ; Motility ; Sperm ; ANOVA ; Survival rate ; Species ; Larvae ; Blood cells
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  • 17
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    Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, body composition and biological and reproductive performances of adult yellow fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25314 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:05:03 | 25314 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P 〉0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P〈0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 day post hatching larvae varied significantly (P〈0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P〈0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yellowfin Seabream ; Protein ; Lipid ; Brooder ; Dietary ; Growth ; Body composition ; Adult ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Feed utilization ; Acanthopagrus ; Broodstock ; Males ; Females ; A. latus ; Fertilization ; Egg dimension ; Larvae
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  • 18
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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  • 19
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    Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25512 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:26:26 | 25512 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yasouj ; Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Coldwater ; Temperature ; Fertilization
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  • 20
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    Production of bio-compatible nanofiber from chitosan with electrospinning method for preservation and maintenance aquatic products (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25713 | 18721 | 2018-10-10 10:11:15 | 25713 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of shrimp by a simple mechanical treatment after a series of purification steps. The nanofibers have fine nanofibers networks with a uniform width of approximately 10 nm. Grinders and highpressure water jet systems are effective for disintegrating chitin into nanofibers. Acidic conditions are the key factor to facilitate mechanical fibrillation. Ultrafine fibers were successfully fabricated chitosan and fish skinextracted gelatin via electrospinning (ES). Important ES parameters, such as concentration of aqueous acid and fish gelatin solutions, and electric field intensity were examined to investigate the effects on the morphology of the gelatin nanofibers. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the fish gelatin membranes, composite nanofibers made of fish gelatin and poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) were produced with a novel solution. The introduction of PLLA remarkably improved the mechanical properties of the gelatin membranes. With a combination of good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, fish gelatin/PLGA blending non-woven mats are considered to be very promising in fish fillet coating application.. in this study, we fabricated a novel nanofibers composed of fish collagen (FC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) blends by using the electrospinning method. Nanofibers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it was revealed that the diameter of nanofibers decreases as FC content was increased in the FC/PCL composite nanofibers. Several modifications to the chitin NF surface are achieved, including acetylation, deacetylation and maleylation. The results of this study revealed that: 1–It is possible to produce Nanofibers from chitosan and fish gelatin. 2– Covering and coating of processed fish by nanofibers are applicable and increasing the possibility of shell life for the processed fish. 3– Nanofibers which have been produced from chitosan and fish gelation not only is environmentally friendly but also it will be eatable while has been covered for fish fillets. biocompatible chitosan and gelatin made from fish, fresh fish fillets do not have the ability to cover and packaging, but is edible and used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Nanofiber ; Chemical modification ; Fish ; Aquatic ; Maintenance
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  • 21
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    Determination of sediment nutrients in the cage fish culture area (before breeding) of the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25755 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 06:22:22 | 25755 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine phosphorous and nitrogen species at the surface sediment in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast, Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn of 2011 to winter of 2012. All samples were prepared by digesting and extracting processes and then phosphorous and nitrogen species concentrations determined using spectroscopy instrument. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Loosely-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP was obtained as 5.06±0.33, 55.11±2.52, 42.38±3.74, 102.52±5.68, 172.91±7.12, 275±9.12, 333.30±28.52 and 608±52 µg/g.dw, respectively. The results also showed that inorganic phophorous was less than organic phophorous during different seasons, however, mean percentage of residue-P containing organic compounds and non-degradable compounds was more than 50 percent. Percentage of Ca-P was higher than 60, whereas Bioava.-P was less than 40 percent. In addition, Fe-P and Loosely-P attained the maximum and minimum values, respectively, among the bioavailable phophorous. The order of different forms of phosphorous were recorded as Org-P〉Ca-P〉FeP〉Al-P〉Loosely-P. Annual mean of NH4/N, NO2/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed as 4.23±0.50, 0.06±0.01, 0.74±0.12, 5.02±0.53, 2.48±0.63 and 7.53±0.51 µg/g.dw, respectively. Annual percentage of TIN was two folds than TON and concentration of NH4/N was also four times than NO3/N. As a conclusion, the results revealed that main causes of Bioava.-P adsorption and desorption were temperature, Eh and pH. Also, the form of NH4+/N was of a high percentage because of anaerobic condition in the sediments. According to the high ratios of nitrogen/phosphorous of sediments to nitrogen and phosphorous of bottom water, it finds that released of those from the sediments to water will be happened with high rates. Therefore, it is expected that the establishment of fish farming cages should be carried out with more precautionary approaches which not leads to increased algae bloom.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Kelarabad ; Mazandaran coast ; Phophorous ; Nitrogen ; Surface sediment ; Determination ; Breeding
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  • 22
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    The feasibility commercialized study to produce vitamin and mineral premixes and binder from seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium for White leg shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25772 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:08:05 | 25772 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Seaweed belonged to baseborn marine plants with cell wall containing of valued polysaccharides such as Agar, Alginate, Limen sulfate and Carmine, used as food additives and in different industries. Base on previous studies, more than 1000 MT. of Sargassum seaweed withdraw from Oman Sea in Sistan and Baluchistan coastal line which can be collect, dried and powdered for using as supplement in shrimp feed. In this project, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from 6 coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variety seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of white-leg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and iso-caloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed using winfeed software. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used for water stability and absorption capacity test of the pellets in sea water, statistically one way- ANOVA. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, for using Sargassum ilicifolium as vitamins and mineral premixes in white- leg shrimp feed, Zinc, Cobalt and Phenylalanine with dose of 1.1, 06.0 and 4.0 ml. 100% dried seaweed must be added respectively. The water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P〈0.05). Water absorption capacity of feeds after one hour immersion in seawater showed significance difference between D (110%) and three others, C(100%), B(85% and control(80%) (P〈0.05). As final aim of this project, enriched product of this seaweed as minerals and vitamins supplements were handsel joinery in the Second Medicine Plant Festival, 2016 and registered in recording organization to give the final certificate.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Mineral and vitamins supplements ; Natural binder ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Seaweed ; Vitamin ; White leg shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 23
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    Investigation on propagation of Sparidentex hasta (sobaity) in spawning tanks and rearing of larvae up to fingerling (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25086 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:24:47 | 25086 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to achieve biotechnic normative of Sobaity Sparidentex hasta propagation and its fries rearing, 96 brood stocks were caught by using hook from Bandar Imam and Mahshahr creeks. For natural spawning, at first stage some selected broodstocks (sex ratio 2:1 & 1:1 male to female) were directly introduced to spawning tanks. In this method eggs were absorbed and spawning was not occured. For artificial spawning (natural spawning with hormone injection): At second stage for males, in one step, 40 g kg-1 and 200 Iu kg-1 body weight and for females, in two steps, 75 g kg-1 and 500 Iu kg-1 LRHa & HCG hormones were injected. After introducing broodstocks to 40- tone oval tanks, spawning occurred only in female and also some injected broodstocks were spawned artificially and all obtained larvae died after four days. At third stage 6 g kg-1 and 1000 Iu kg-1 body weight of PG and HCG hormones were injected to broodstock respectively. HCG hormone injected in two steps (1/2 dose each stop in 24 hours duration). Metoclopramide was used at the first step and PG hormone injected with second step of HCG coincidentally. In this method spawning, fertilization and fry production occurred. The results indicated that sobaity, with hormone injection is able to spawn at 12-19 c (which is available in Khouzestan in March). The time of hatching was 42-50 hours, absorption of larvae Yolk sac 96-120 hours. The size of one- day- larvae was 1.4- 1.7mm and 65-day- fry was 24mm.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Bandar Imam ; Mahshahr creeks ; PG ; HCG ; LRHa ; Fries ; Rearing ; Brood stock ; Spawning ; Sex ratio ; Hormone ; Metochlopramide ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Larvae ; Sparidentex hasta ; Sobaity ; Investigation ; Propagation ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 24
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    Cryopreservation of sperm in Acipenser nudiventris, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus and Acipenser persicus in the breeding season (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25097 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:19:46 | 25097 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Considering decrease in total catch of sturgeon & threat of extinction in their stocks, special measures might be adopted. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the suitable methods to prepare bank of frozen gamete for future use in artificial breeding in order to prohibit extinction of sturgeon stocks. This study carried out on 27 male sturgeon during 2001-2004. The investigated sturgeon include 12 male Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), 7 male Acipenser stellatus, 5 male Acipenser nudiventris and 3 male Huso huso. Sperm Collected from spawners in Shahid Beheshti & Shahid Marjani sturgeon rearing & propagation Complex in Rasht & Gorgan. The Sperm which was collected from Shahid Marjani propagation complex placed in the sealed Vessels & transferred by coleman in near zero temperature to cryopreservation laboratory of international sturgeon research institute for further investigation. In this study, the sperm was diluted in ratio 1:1 in two culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide & glycerol (BC) and the samples stored in 1 ml insulin syringe & 0.5 ml Piot. The diluted sperm froze in a special temperature by automated freezer model 5300 (France IMV). Three phases applied to freeze the samples which are as follow: 1- Begin to freeze from +50c to -100c (30c /min) 2- From 10 0c to 70 0c (20 0c /min) 3- From 70 0c to 130 0c (25 0c /min) after freezing, the samples placed in liquid nitrogen containers with 196 0c temperature. For thawing, the sperm samples took out of liquid nitrogen & placed in water 40 0c. Then motility percent & the sperm quality investigated under 400x microscope. According to the results the mean motility percentage of fresh sperm in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser Stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris and Huso huso was 84, 73.75, 67.5 and 76.66, respectively. The mean percentage of motility in frozen sperm which placed in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide was 32, 37.5, 40 and 20%, respectively. Also, the frozen samples that preserved in BC media (Biociphus) showed 5.2, 75.25, 4.11 and 2.66% motility, respectively. In blank group, the mean fertilization percent of eggs was 90, 72, 71.25 and 90%, respectively. In the treatment group applying frozen sperm in culture media containing dimetlylsulfoxide, the mean fertilization rate was 30, 6.5, 25.39 and 4.75%. Furthermore, no fertilization (0.0%) observed using frozen sperm stored in Biociphus culture media containing glycerol. There was no significant difference in fertilization percent comparing the two storage places (syringe & Piot). According to investigations the culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide, is a suitable diluter for sturgeon sperm. So, the Cryopreservation technique can be used to preserve the sturgeon sperm for future fertilization & through this way we can prevent extinction of sturgeon stocks.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Rasht ; Gorgan ; Cryopreservation ; Sperm ; Acipenser nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Acipenser stellatus ; Acipenser persicus ; Breeding ; Sturgeon ; Temperature ; Motility ; Fertilization ; Spermatozoa ; Freezing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 25
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    Study of possibility of reproduction and mass culture of Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25127 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:33:35 | 25127 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the year’s 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m^2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female: male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Anzali Lagoon ; Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 26
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    An investigation on all male production of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25356 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:09:43 | 25356 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17a methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios within all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings acquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male populations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yazd province ; Bafgh ; Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 27
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    Study on the possibility of producing low-fat spread using gelatin extracted from cultured carp wastes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25580 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 10:35:48 | 25580 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: By-products consist of more than half of the total weight of fish. Most part of these wastes made from connective tissue proteins that provide good potential to produce gelatin. Nowadays, consumers are more health conscious and have responded to the call for a diet that contains low calorie and low fat. This work involved the characterization of a low-fat spread made of fish gelatin as gelling agent, emulsifier and fat replacer. Six treatments with Fish gelatin (FG) to pectin ratio 1:1 and 2:1, with pectin concentration of 1, 2 and 3%, were produced and evaluated for quality changes and storage-life at refrigerated storage. The results showed that prepared emulsions were physically stable and no phase separation observed during 8 wks. The pH of treatments was 4.5 to 4.9. The moisture content of treatments varied from 68.9% for T1 (FG/pectin ratio 1:1) to 65.4% for T6 (FG/pectin ratio 6:3). The Max. lipid of samples was measured 28.4%. Max. and min. protein of samples were 3.8% for T6 and 1.6% for T2 (FG/pectin ratio 2:1), respectively. No significant differences (p≥0.05) were observed between ash content of all treatments and control (commercial margarin). The acidity of treatments increased during storage and were significantly different from production day (p≤0.05). Peroxide value (PV) of treatments increased significantly at refrigerated storage. No significant differences were observed between PV of treatments during different wks of sampling. The results of texture profile analysis showed that firmness, compressibility and adhesiveness properties were significantly increase with higher substitution of FG with pectin. Color, Aroma, Taste and texture properties of prepared samples were found to significantly lower than control, according to sensory evaluation. Significant increases were observed in mold/yeast and psychrophilic count of treatments during storage. The macroscopic growth of molds was observed on all samples in 8th wks. No coliform growth was observed in all treatments at any time. Results suggest that low-fat spread properties were significantly influenced by different ratios of fish gelatin and pectin incorporated. It seems that these results can provide new opportunities to develop market with introducing novel products to response consumer demands. Some quality defects observed in this study can be improved by using suitable machinery at industrial scale.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Fish gelatin ; Low-fat spread ; Fish wastes ; Quality characterictics ; Texture profile ; Shelf-life ; Refrigerated temperature ; Cultured Carp ; Diet ; Lipid
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 28
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    Microfluidic encapsulation of Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts using hydrogel photolithography (2021)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geisterfer, Z. M., Oakey, J., & Gatlin, J. C. . Microfluidic encapsulation of Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts using hydrogel photolithography. STAR Protocols, 1(3), (2020): 100221, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100221.
    Description: Cell-free extract derived from the eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis is a well-established model system that has been used historically in bulk aliquots. Here, we describe a microfluidic approach for isolating discrete, biologically relevant volumes of cell-free extract, with more expansive and precise control of extract shape compared with extract-oil emulsions. This approach is useful for investigating the mechanics of intracellular processes affected by cell geometry or cytoplasmic volume, including organelle scaling and positioning mechanisms. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Geisterfer et al. (2020).
    Description: This work was made possible by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant no. 2P20GM103432. It was also supported by additional funding provided by the NIGMS under grant no. R01GM113028, the NSF Faculty CAREER Program under award no. BBBE 1254608, Whitman Center fellowships at the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Biomedical Scholars program of the Pew Charitable Trusts. We thank Drs. Aaron Groen and Tim Mitchison for their intellectual contributions and involvement in some of the pioneering experiments that set the foundation for this approach.
    Keywords: Biophysics ; Cell Biology ; Cell isolation ; Microscopy ; Model Organisms
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 29
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    A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type (2020)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Meaders, J. L., de Matos, S. N., & Burgess, D. R. A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type. Cell Reports, 33(1), (2020): 108213, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108213.
    Description: After fertilization, microtubule (MT) sperm asters undergo long-range migration to accurately position pronuclei. Due to the large sizes of zygotes, the forces driving aster migration are considered to be from pulling on the astral MTs by dynein, with no significant contribution from pushing forces. Here, we re-investigate the forces responsible for sperm aster centration in sea urchin zygotes. Our quantifications of aster geometry and MT density preclude a pulling mechanism. Manipulation of aster radial lengths and growth rates, combined with quantitative tracking of aster migration dynamics, indicates that aster migration is equal to the length of rear aster radii, supporting a pushing model for centration. We find that dynein inhibition causes an increase in aster migration rates. Finally, ablation of rear astral MTs halts migration, whereas front and side ablations do not. Collectively, our data indicate that a pushing mechanism can drive the migration of asters in a large cell type.
    Description: We would like to thank Dr. Jesse Gatlin for sending us the Tau-mCherry fusion protein for imaging live MTs. We would also like to thank Dr. Timothy Mitchison, Dr. Christine Field, and Dr. James Pelletier for supplying us with CA4, p150-CC1, and EB1-GFP peptides, as well as for fruitful discussions. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Charles Shuster and Leslie Toledo-Jacobo for constructive feedback when preparing the manuscript. We thank Bret Judson and the Boston College Imaging Core for infrastructure and support. This material is based upon work supported by NSF grant no. 124425 to D.R.B.
    Keywords: Dynein ; Aster ; Microtubule ; Centrosome ; Pronucleus ; Fertilization ; Aster position
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 30
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    Propagation and Stock Enhancement of Silver pomfret ( Pamus argenteus ) in the North west of Persian Gulf (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larve were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larve were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 57pp.
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  • 31
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    Cryopreservation of sperm in Acipenser nudiventris, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus and Acipenser persicus in the breeding season (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Considering decrease in total catch of sturgeon & threat of extinction in their stocks, special measures might be adopted. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the suitable methods to prepare bank of frozen gamete for future use in artificial breeding in order to prohibit extinction of sturgeon stocks. This study carried out on 27 male sturgeon during 2001-2004. The investigated sturgeon include 12 male Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), 7 male Acipenser stellatus, 5 male Acipenser nudiventris and 3 male Huso huso. Sperm Collected from spawners in Shahid Beheshti & Shahid Marjani sturgeon rearing & propagation Complex in Rasht & Gorgan. The Sperm which was collected from Shahid Marjani propagation complex placed in the sealed Vessels & transferred by coleman in near zero temperature to cryopreservation laboratory of international sturgeon research institute for further investigation. In this study, the sperm was diluted in ratio 1:1 in two culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide & glycerol (BC) and the samples stored in 1 ml insulin syringe & 0.5 ml Piot. The diluted sperm froze in a special temperature by automated freezer model 5300 (France IMV). Three phases applied to freeze the samples which are as follow: 1- Begin to freeze from +50c to -100c (30c /min) 2- From 10 0c to 70 0c (20 0c /min) 3- From 70 0c to 130 0c (25 0c /min) After freezing, the samples placed in liquid nitrogen containers with 196 0c temperature. For thawing, the sperm samples took out of liquid nitrogen & placed in water 40 0c. Then motility percent & the sperm quality investigated under 400x microscope. According to the results the mean motility percentage of fresh sperm in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser Stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris and Huso huso was 84, 73.75, 67.5 and 76.66, respectively. The mean percentage of motility in frozen sperm which placed in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide was 32, 37.5, 40 and 20%, respectively. Also, the frozen samples that preserved in BC media (Biociphus) showed 5.2, 75.25, 4.11 and 2.66% motility, respectively. In blank group, the mean fertilization percent of eggs was 90, 72, 71.25 and 90%, respectively. In the treatment group applying frozen sperm in culture media containing dimetlylsulfoxide, the mean fertilization rate was 30, 6.5, 25.39 and 4.75%. Furthermore, no fertilization (0.0%) observed using frozen sperm stored in Biociphus culture media containing glycerol. There was no significant difference in fertilization percent comparing the two storage places (syringe & Piot). According to investigations the culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide, is a suitable diluter for sturgeon sperm. So, the Cryopreservation technique can be used to preserve the sturgeon sperm for future fertilization & through this way we can prevent extinction of sturgeon stocks.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Sperm ; Acipenser nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Acipenser stellatus ; Acipenser persicus ; Breeding ; Sturgeon ; Temperature ; Motility ; Fertilization ; Spermatozoa ; Freezing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 32
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    Preliminary study on induction of triploidy in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) by thermal shocks (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Triploidy ; Benni ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Thermal shocks ; Species ; Growth ; Fertilization ; ANOVA ; Bio conserving ; Genetic
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 33
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    Feeding investigations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings with emphasis on dominant phytoplanktons (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to study phytopague fingerlings feeding in fish ponds, simultaneously to the beginning of warm season and cultivation, fingerlings of 3-5 gr from 4 ponds in Mazandaran province were captured, fixed with formalin, then transferred to the plankton determination laboratory of Caspian sea ecologic institute. Based on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on phytoplankton and detritus. Planktonic groups were formed of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta. But in addition to these four groups Pyrophyta was present in fish pond water. Relative abundance of these nutrient organisms in water and intestine was different. Also in most cases a direct relation was observed between the intensity of water organisms and intestine ingredients. Based on this study, essential differences of digestion were observed following to the source of nutrition and the most difference were considered in digestion of Chrysophytes, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Base on the results of this study we propose to make more studies on fertilization and the proportion of different fertilizers in fish ponds in order to obtain easily digestible phytoplankton thus increase in fish exploitation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Silver carp fry ; Nutrition ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; Chrysophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Clorophyta ; Pyrophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Feeding ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Fingerlings ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 83pp.
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  • 34
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    A survey on water quality management in ponds of Penaeus semisulcatus Helleh Site Bushehr (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this work we have surveyed on six ponds of p.semisulcatus shrimp in the investigation farn1 that have located at helleh site in the Bushehr province from May 2001. Our main goal in this project were : (l) Measurements of quality factors in water and sediment (2) Offering possible proposals for making development in water quality of culture ponds With respect to the time of shrimp stocking and harvesting the frequencies of water and sediment sampling were twice and once per month , respectively. Also two sediment sampling of the pond bed have done before pond watering and after harvesting The measured factors in the water were : pH , salinity , dissolved oxygen , transparency , temperature ( Twice a, day in the morning and the afternoon ) , chlorophyll-a nitrate , nitrite orthophosphate , iron , biochemical oxygen demand , chemical oxygen demand , TSS , T DS, total alkalinity, organic nitrogen the sediment were : pH , alkalinity , iron , total organic matter (TOM) , total nitrogen and grain size The measurement of grain size have done in two times ( before pond watering and after harvesting The results show low concentration of the essential nutrient such as phosphate and nitrate , high concentration of ammonia , high pH , undesirable transparency , high alkalinity of sediments and a great amount of clay in pond bed On the basis of above description , we need to renewing our management in fertilizing , feedings , liming and important the quality of bed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Survey ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Temperature ; Chlorophyll-a ; Alkalinity ; Fertilization ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 69pp.
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  • 35
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    Using Bio-Chemistry Genetics Markers to Distinguish Barbus in Khozestan (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 0Genetic polymorphism by means of biochemical genetic markers using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system in four barbus fish species has been investigated. Species scientific name were Barbus sharpeyi ; Gunther, 1847 , Barbus grypus ; Heckel, 1843, Barbus xanthopterus ; Heckel, 1843 and Barbus esocinus ; Heckel, 1843.Sampling site and location were mainly in the rivers located in Khoozestan province such as Karoon and Karkheh rivers and the Dez dam. Different organs such as blood, muscle, kidney, eye and heart were sampled and analysed for the presence of tf, es, sod and pgm alleles. High polymorphism and presence of different alleles scored, but populations were not in the H-W equilibrium. Considring results, using current and avaiable genetic markers such as microsattelits is recommended for future works.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Genetics ; Genetics Markers ; Distinguish ; Barbus ; Species ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Barbus esocinus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 62pp.
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  • 36
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    Brood production of Barbus xanthopterus by fingerling rearing (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rearing ; Gattan ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Fecundity ; Survivor ; Brood production ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Fingerling ; Specimen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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    An investigation on all male production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17 methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios whithin all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings aquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male polpulations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 61pp.
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  • 38
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    Cryopreservation of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Coldwater ; Temperature ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 39
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    Trout Farms and Other Human activities Effects on Cheshmehkileh River Ecosystem in Tonekabon (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 138pp.
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  • 40
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    Creating a sperm bank from sturgeon brood stocks in the South Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sturgeon stocks are drastically decreasing in Caspian Sea during recent decades. This project has been proposed to collect the excess sperm of Caspian Sea Southern part sturgeon breeders, to cryopreserve and hold them for further use. During two spawning seasons (2006-2007), sperm quality and quantity analysis were conducted on 34 different male sturgeons of which 12 Persian sturgeon, 4 stellate sturgeon, 1 beluga and 1 ship sturgeon with better quality were chosen to cryopreserve. After dilution of fresh sperm with sturgeon sperm diluent (115 mM Tris, 23.4 mM sucrose and 15% DMSO) at the ratio of 1:1, the 0.5 ml straws were filled using special filling and sealing apparatus and frozen with a multi step freezing rate. To access the further quality and fertilization test, samples were thawed at 40 °C for 20 seconds. During the project performance, 1010 ml of Persian sturgeon sperm , 110 ml of ship sturgeon sperm , 90 ml of stellate and 80 ml of beluga sperm were cryopreserved. The reduction of frozen-thawed sperm motility in comparison with fresh samples showed 10-52.3 % decrease, but there was not any significant differences between samples after 7 months preservation in liquid Nitrogen (P 〈 0.005). River caught Persian sturgeon samples showed higher sperm density in comparison with nonriverine breeders (P 〈 0.05). Data showed that stellate sturgeon sperm showed better resistance to freezing condition in comparison with Persian sturgeon spermatozoa. Fertilization tests (4 hours after fertilization)showed 27.4% and 58.2% fertilization rate in frozen-thawed stellate and Persian sturgeon spermatozoa, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spermatozoa ; Cryopreservation ; Percentage of motility ; Sperm bank ; Sturgeon ; Brood stocks ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Samples ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 50pp.
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  • 41
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    Study of recirculation of inorganic nutrients (orthophosphte, nitrate) in relation with productivity in sturgeon rearing ponds (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The recirculation of inorganic nutrients orthophosphate and nitrate in relation with productivity in sturgeon rearing ponds was studied through two rearing periods at the Shahid Beheshti Hatchery. The first rearing period commenced on May 24, 1998 and ended on July 26, 1998 whereas the second rearing period commenced on May 16, 1999 and ended on June 26, 1999. Four earthen ponds with a surface area of 2 hectares each were used in this studied of which three ponds (number 25, 26 and 27) were considered experimental ponds and one pond (number 24) was used as the control. Results obtained in the first rearing period indicate that the fertilization program employed in this study was suitable to maintain the productivity of experimental ponds. Growth rates in fingerlings also indicate a rapid increase in growth during the first few weeks of rearing. However unfavorable conditions encountered at the end of the rearing period (increase in water temperature, decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations, deterioration of water quality etc.,) lead to decrease in food consumption by fingerlings that ultimately resulted in decrease in growth and survival rate of fingerlings (survival rate 60 % in first year). On the basis of the results obtained in the first year, measures were taken to and increase the biomass of benthic organisms in the rearing ponds. The biomass of benthic organisms in experimental ponds increased from a maximum of 2.1 g m-2 in the first year to a maximum of 189 g mo in the second year. However despite the management policies employed to maintain productivity and meet the food requirements of A. persicus fingerlings, water scarcity that prevailed in the entire region lead to an increase in water temperature, decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations, over growth of aquatic vegetation and thus survival rate of fingerlings dropped to less than 40 % in the second year. Results obtained from scientific studies reveal that increase in pond productivity does not depend on basic knowledge alone. Techniques involved in pond management that provide suitable conditions required for fish culture such as stock assessment* basic control of fish growth, proper utilization of food resources in ponds and fertilization etc., play a significant role in this regard.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sturgeon culture ; Productivity ; Fertilization ; Live food ; Survival ; Nutrients
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 58pp.
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  • 42
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    Determination of optimum Dosage of Ovaprim injectionon Artificial spawning Efficiency of Esox Lucius (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p〈0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p〈0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p〈0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p〈0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p〈0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively.The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Esox Lucius ; Reproduction ; Spawning ; Ovaprim Injection ; Fecundations ; Hatching ; Brooders ; Females ; Males ; Fertilization ; Hormone ; Larvae ; Earthen pond ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 168pp.
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  • 43
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    Study of Possibility of Reproduction and Mass Culture of Nereis diversicolor (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 44
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    Cryopreservation of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Population ; Survey ; Coldwater ; Egg ; Temperature ; Sperm ; Motility ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 45
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    An investigation on possibility of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feminization under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of oral diethylstilbestrol (DES) on feminization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh fisheries research center. This Experiment was comprised of two control groups in two replicates and two experimental ones in three replicates. At the beginning of the trial, a number of 2150 larvae were randomly distributed among 10 replicates that were under treatment for 45 days. The diets in two control groups, i.e. non-treated, C1, and ethanol treated feed, C2, and the ones in two experimental groups, i.e. 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed, E1 and E2, were administrated to 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvae for a period of 35 days and then until day 45, the larvae were fed with ordinary feed. At the end of the trial, the gender ratio of larvae in different groups was determined by squash test in 50 randomly selected individuals from each replicate. The results showed no significant differences for gender ratios within control groups (respective male to female ratio in C1 and C2 was 47:53 and 57:43). However, the corresponding ratios within experimental ones, fed with 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed respectively, was significantly different (P〈0.05). Noteworthy that the percent of females between two experimental groups (E1 and E2) was not significantly different (70.0 and 64.7 respectively) but it was significantly different with ratios in experimental groups (P〈0.05). The total body length and live body weight were determined at the begging and then at day 30 and 45, it was randomly measured in 20 larvae from each replicate. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight and total length of larvae was 0.012 gram and 1.03 centimeter respectively. The respective averages at day 30 and 45 were significantly different among groups (P〈0.05). Survival rate was significantly different among groups (P〈0.05), being highest in E1 and E2 respectively whereas lowest in control ones (56.51 and 58.84 in C1 and C2 respectively).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Nile tilapia ; Feminization ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Brackish Water ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Fisheries ; Fertilization ; Larvae ; Females ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 46
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    Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin on the reproduction efficiency and growth of larval stage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on reproduction efficiency of rainbow trout and some indices of egg quality. Therefore, it was considered 7 groups consisting 6 treatments of two different astaxanthin sources and a control (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3) and synthetic source in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Reproduction efficiency analyzed through reproduction indices such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization, survival, hatching and eyed egg rates. Significant difference between treatments in terms of fecundity, eyed eggs rate and the number of eggs per gram was observed (P 〈0.05). Although in some factors such as diameter, egg weight per body and fertilization rate, no significant differences was observed. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, hatching and eyed egg rates increased, but the effect of alga source on these indices was more perfect. Considering the results, the best result related to treatment of 8 gr/kg alga (T3). Observations during this research indicated no disease and mortality and also proper coloration and freshness of fishes. There was significant differences on blood factors (P 〈0.05). The broods were fed with algal astaxanthin had lower blood sugar. concentration of cholesterol was decressed alog with increasing in both the source of astaxanthin, however lower cholesterol relaed to algal astaxanthin. Total serum protein increased in treatments containing algal from 2.67 to 8 g/kg of astaxanthin. Increase in level of astaxanthin from 40 to 80 mg/kg, albumin increased and from 80 to 120 mg/kg, it was decreased. The changes in serum globulin treatments containing synthetic was not regular. Overall the results asserted that the application of astaxanthin improves reproduction performance of rainbow trout. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve reproductions indices and egg quality of rainbow trout.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rainbow trout ; Astaxanthin ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; Reproduction efficiency ; Larval stage ; Broods health ; Synthetic ; Algal astaxanthin ; Growth ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Eggs ; Spawning ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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  • 47
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    Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on Growth, Body composition and biological and reproductive performances of adult Yellow fin sea bream , Acanthopagrus latus (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P 〉0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P〈0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 daypost hatching larvae varied significantly (P〈0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P〈0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Yellowfin Seabream ; Protein ; Lipid ; Brooder ; Dietary ; Growth ; Body composition ; Adult ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Feed utilization ; Acanthopagrus ; Broodstock ; Males ; Females ; A. latus ; Fertilization ; Egg dimension ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 48
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    Investigation on propagation of Sparidentex hasta (sobaity) in spawning tanks and rearing of larvae up to Fingerling (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to achieve biotechnic normative of Sobaity Sparidentex hasta propagation and its fries rearing, 96 brood stocks were caught by using hook from Bandar Imam and Mahshahr creeks. For natural spawning, at first stage some selected broodstocks (sex ratio 2:1 & 1:1 male to female) were directly introduced to spawning tanks. In this method eggs were absorbed and spawning was not occured. For artificial spawning (natural spawning with hormone injection): At second stage for males, in one step, 40 g kg-1 and 200 Iu kg-1 body weight and for females, in two steps, 75 g kg-1 and 500 Iu kg-1 LRHa & HCG hormones were injected. After introducing broodstocks to 40- tone oval tanks, spawning occurred only in female and also some ingected broodstocks were spawned artificially and all obtained larvae died after four days. At third stage 6 g kg-1 and 1000 Iu kg-1 body weight of PG and HCG hormones were injected to broodstock respectively. HCG hormone injected in two steps (1/2 dose each stop in 24 hours duration). Metoclopramide was used at the first step and PG hormone injected with second step of HCG coincidentally. In this method spawning, fertilization and fry production occurred. The results indicated that sobaity, with hormone injection is able to spawn at 12-19 c (which is available in Khouzestan in March). The time of hatching was 42-50 hours, absorption of larvae Yolk sac 96-120 hours. The size of one- day- larvae was 1.4- 1.7mm and 65-day- fry was 24mm.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biotechnic ; PG ; HCG ; LRHa ; Fries ; Rearing ; Brood stock ; Spawning ; Sex ratio ; Hormone ; Metochlopramide ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Larvae ; Sparidentex hasta ; Sobaity ; Investigation ; Propagation ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 49
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    Artificial spawning and fingerling culturing of European Catfish (Silurus glanis L. 1758) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was conducted to survey the artificial spawning of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) by synthetic hormones include Carp pituitary extract (CPE), Ovo fact [D-Ala6 des Gly10] GnRHa Ethyl amid in combination with domperidone diluted in propylene glycol, Human gonadotropin chryonic hormone (HCG) and LHRHa (des-Gly10, [D-Ala6] LH-RH Ethyl amide). In this research work 44 male and 72 female brood stokes that transferred to the Shaheed Dr Ansari hatchery and Sefid rod research station were studied on 2 years and injected with those stimulated maturation. Total length, total weight, gonad weight were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm, 1g and 0.01g respectively. The experiments were conducted using different doses of hormones on 4 treatments. In treatment CPE that brood stocks injected with 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg/BW, the most responded (83.33%) was with 5mg/kg/Bw of CPE. The mean fertilization in this treatment was 92.5 4.51 and after that there are groups which were stimulated by 4 mg/kg/BW of CPE .In treatment ovafact that brood fish were injected by 10, 20, 30, 40 μg/kg/BW of this stimulation hormone showed 100 percent of fish ovulated in the group treated with 40 μg/kg/BW of ovofact. The mean fertilization rate was 86.08 6.27 in this group. 33.3 % of brood fish ovulated in the group that injected with 40 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa stimulation, but none of brood stock reached to spawning with injection of 30 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa. The brood stocks were injected by 800, 850, 900, 950 IU/kg/BW of HCG, only 33.3 percent of fish in groups that received 900 & 950 IU/kg/BW of this Stimulation hormone reached to spawning stages. According to our results and statistical analysis between trial treatments in percent of Embryo viability showed significant difference (P〈0.05) between HCG treatment with Ovofact and CPE groups. This results indicates that embryo viability was better in CPE and Ovofact rate to LHRHa and HCG treatments. In the other cases include the working fecundity, fertilization percent, latency period of maturation, latency period of incubation eggs and ratio of weigh stripped egg to body weight did not show any significant difference (P〈0.05) in experimental treatments for stripping the male brood stock of European catfish were injected by 3,4,5 mg/kg/BW of CPE, but not one of male brood fish didn’t reaches to stripping stage , so for eggs fertilization were used of milt from macerated Testes of dead males. So in anther experiment the male brood fish were injected by 5 mg/kg/BW CPE repeatedly at once every 5 days for Period 20 day’s period and milt were collected from of all of the males.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Silurus glanis ; Artificial propagation ; CPE ; Ova fact ; HCG ; LHRHa ; Spawning ; Hormones ; Carp ; Maturation ; Brood stocks ; Fecundity ; Fertilization ; European Catfish ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 92pp.
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  • 50
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    Gynogenesis in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen / triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, . to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group ( P 0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34° C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P 0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N= 177 ±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118 ±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34 °C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Persian sturgeon ; Beluga ; Gynogenesis ; Triploids ; Chromosome manipulation ; Huso huso ; Fertilization ; Motility ; Sperm ; ANOVA ; Survival rate ; Species ; Larvae ; Blood cells
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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