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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology  (25)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (15)
  • 04.04. Geology
  • Inversion
  • AGU  (37)
  • Wiley  (8)
  • Nature PG  (6)
  • 3
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  • 1
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    Holocene surface-rupturing paleo-earthquakes along the Kachchh Mainland Fault: shaping the seismic landscape of Kachchh, Western India (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: This study explores the seismotectonics of Kachchh in western India, a region with a low-to-moderate strain rate and a history of significant earthquakes, notably the 1819, Mw 7.8 Allah Bund, and the 2001, Mw 7.6 Bhuj. Despite its substantial seismic risk, comprehensive studies on Kachchh’s seismogenic sources are scarce. This is attributed to the concealed nature of active structures, hindering definitive age constraints in paleoseismological research. Our research comprises a detailed paleoseismic analysis of the north-verging, reverse Jhura Fault underlying the Jhura anticline, a segment of the Kachchh Mainland Fault. This fault segment shows evidence of surface-rupturing earthquakes in the area south of the Great Rann of Kachchh. The investigation reveals three paleoseismic events: Event I before 9.72 ka B.P., Event II between 8.63–8.20 ka B.P., and Event III between 6.20–6.09 ka B.P. The elapsed time since the last event on this fault is 〉 8000 years, suggesting that the area is exposed to a significant earthquake hazard. This highlights the need for more precise characterization of individual seismogenic sources for future earthquake preparedness.
    Description: Published
    Description: 11612
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Surface faulting ; Kachchh Mainland Fault ; Paleoseismology ; Seismic landscape ; Western India ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Lithological and stress anisotropy control large-scale seismic velocity variations in tight carbonates (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Our knowledge of subsurface structures often derives from seismic velocities that are measured during seismic acquisition surveys. These velocities can greatly change due to lithological, fracture frequencies and/or effective pressure/temperature variations. However, the influence of such intrinsic lithological properties and environmental conditions at the large scale is poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive datasets. Here, we analyze 43 borehole-derived velocity datasets of 3 end-member tight carbonate sequences from Central Italy, including massive pure limestone (Calcare Massiccio, CM), thick-layered (20-50 cm) pure limestone (Maiolica, MA), and thin-layered (2-20 cm) marly limestone (Calcareous Scaglia, CS). Our results show that the main rock parameters and environmental conditions driving large scale velocity variations are bedding and paleostresses, while mineralogical composition and current tectonic stress also play a role. For each of the 3 end-members, measured VP values vary differently with depth, as the thin-layered CS units show a clear increase in Vp, while velocity slightly increases and remains constant for the thick-layered MA and massive CM units, respectively. Such observations show that velocities are affected by specific characteristics of lithological discontinuities, such as the thickness of bedding. Counterintuitively, larger Vp values were recorded in the deformed mountain range than in the undeformed foreland suggesting that higher paleo-stresses increase velocity values by enhancing diagenesis and healing of discontinuities. Our results thus demonstrate that large scale velocity variations are strictly related to variation of lithological properties and to the geological and tectonic history of an area. We suggest that such lithological and environmental controls should be taken into account when developing velocity and mechanical models for tectonically active regions of the Mediterranean Area, where earthquakes mostly nucleate and propagate through carbonate formations, and for resource exploration in fractured carbonate reservoirs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9472
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Push for ethical practices in geoscience fieldwork (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-10
    Description: Destructive geoscientific sampling can have ethical repercussions. It can disrupt archives of Earth’s history (see R. Butler Nature Geosci. 8, 817–818; 2015) and the management of landscapes and geological formations that have local cultural significance (see Nature Geosci. 14, 537; 2021). As members of the International Association for Promoting Geoethics, we suggest ways to ensure that geoscientific sampling and fieldwork are carried out ethically.
    Description: Published
    Description: 26
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; geoscience fieldwork ; geosciences ; geology ; geological sampling ; geoheritage ; geodiversity ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    A validated geomechanical model for the strike-slip restraining bend in Lebanon (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-25
    Description: Most of the methodologies used to validate complex strike-slip structures mainly rely on comparison with other well-known geological features or analogue laboratory models. This study adopts an approach based on the boundary element method at the regional scale to test the structural interpretation of a complex transpressional mountain range. Lebanon restraining bend represents the most prominent topographic transpressional feature along the Dead Sea Transform (DST). It consists of two mountain ranges: the Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon ranges. We built a 3D geometrical model of the fault surfaces based on previously studied natural examples, structural maps, satellite images, DEM interpretation and experimental analogue models of restraining bend or transpressional structures. Using a boundary element method, we modelled fault deformation response to the regional stress field. The simulation accurately predicts the shape and magnitude of positive and negative topographic changes and fault slip directions throughout the study area. We propose an original approach, which uses implementation of well-known fault geometries, surface and subsurface data, for structural validation in the complex strike-slip domain. Our results, validated by structural evidences, highlight that various structural styles lead to formation of Mt. Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon and Palmyrides structures. Furthermore, this simulation supports the hypothesis that the restraining bend of the DST formed in the widespread crustal weakness zone developed in the Late Jurassic to Early Createceous. We also propose recent Neogene tectonic evolution of the region based on our modelling and integrated with published U/Pb dating of fault zones and tectonostratigraphic evidence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 20071
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using 36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighboring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7126
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Earthquake clustering ; 36-Chlorine ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The impact of pyroclastic density currents duration on humans: the case of the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius (2021)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: Pyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows that originate from the collapse of an eruption column or lava dome. They move away from the volcano at high speed, causing devastation. The impact is generally associated with flow dynamic pressure and temperature. Little emphasis has yet been given to flow duration, although it is emerging that the survival of people engulfed in a current strongly depends on the exposure time. The AD 79 event of Somma-Vesuvius is used here to demonstrate the impact of pyroclastic density currents on humans during an historical eruption. At Herculaneum, at the foot of the volcano, the temperature and strength of the flow were so high that survival was impossible. At Pompeii, in the distal area, we use a new model indicating that the current had low strength and low temperature, which is confirmed by the absence of signs of trauma on corpses. Under such conditions, survival should have been possible if the current lasted a few minutes or less. Instead, our calculations demonstrate a flow duration of 17 min, long enough to make lethal the breathing of ash suspended in the current. We conclude that in distal areas where the mechanical and thermal effects of a pyroclastic density currents are diminished, flow duration is the key for survival.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4959
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic density current ; AD 79 Eruption ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: new insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr (2021)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: Silicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post-collapse volcano-tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant long- and short-term ground deformations characterize this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marinecontinental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one-third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on-land-offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high-resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on-land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra-caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea-level rise. The volcano-tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post-caldera doming at ~10.5 ka. We emphasize that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self-similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterizing the long-term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 855-882
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: offshore stratigraphy ; seismic units ; La Starza succession ; volcanism, ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS) (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: The response of continental forelands to subduction and collision is a widely investigated topic in geodynamics. The deformation occurring within a foreland shared by two opposite‐verging chains, however, is uncommon and poorly understood. The Apulia Swell in the southern end of the Adria microplate (Africa‐Europe plate boundary, central Mediterranean Sea) represents one of these cases, as it is the common foreland of the SW verging Albanides‐Hellenides and the NE verging Southern Apennines merging into the SSE verging Calabrian Arc. We investigated the internal deformation of the Apulia Swell using multiscale geophysical data: multichannel seismic profiles recording up to 12‐s two‐way time (TWT) for a consistent image of the upper crust; high‐resolution multichannel seismic profiles, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles acquired by R/V OGS Explora to constrain the Quaternary geological record. The results of our analyses characterize the geometry of the South Apulia Fault System (SAFS), a 100‐km‐long and 12‐km‐wide structure attesting an extensional (and possibly transtensional) response of the foreland to the two contractional fronts. The SAFS consists of two NW‐SE right‐stepping master faults and several secondary structures. The SAFS activity spans from the Early Pleistocene through the Holocene, as testified by the bathymetric and high‐resolution seismic data, with long‐term slip rates in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Considering the position within an area with few or none other active faults in the surroundings, the dimension, and the activity rates, the SAFS can be a candidate causative fault of the 20 February 1743, M 6.7, earthquake.
    Description: Italian Ministry for Education, University, and Research (MIUR), Premiale 2014 D. M. 291 03/05/2016.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020TC006116
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: active tectonics ; apulia ; south apulia fault system ; 1743 earthquake ; marine geology ; stable continental region ; ionian sea ; active faults ; subsurface geology ; seismic interpretation ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    New coring study in Augusta Bay expands understanding of offshore tsunami deposits (Eastern Sicily, Italy) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Tsunami deposits present an important archive for understanding tsunami histories and dynamics. Most research in this field has focused on onshore preserved remains, while the offshore deposits have received less attention. In 2009, during a coring campaign with theItalian Navy Magnaghi, four 1 m long gravity cores (MG cores) were sampled from the northern part of Augusta Bay, along a transect in 60 to 110 m water depth. These cores were taken in the same area where a core (MS06) was collected in 2007 about 2.3 km offshore Augusta at a water depth of 72 m below sea level. Core MS06 consisted of a 6.7 m long sequence that included 12 anomalous intervals interpreted as the primary effect of tsunami backwash waves in the last 4500 years. In this study, tsunami deposits were identified, based on sedimentology and displaced benthic foraminifera (as for core MS06) reinforced by X-ray fluorescence data. Two erosional surfaces (L1 and L2) were recognized coupled with grain size increase, abundant Posidonia oceanica seagrass remains and a significant amount of Nubecularia lucifuga, an epiphytic sessile benthic foraminifera considered to be transported from the inner shelf. The occurrence of Ti/Ca and Ti/Sr increments, coinciding with peaks in organic matter (Mo inc/coh) suggests terrestrial run-off coupled with an input of organic matter. The L1 and L2 horizons were attributed to two distinct historical tsunamis (AD 1542 and AD 1693) by indirect age-estimation methods using 210Pb profiles and the comparison of Volume Magnetic Susceptibility data between MG cores and MS06 cores. One most recent bioturbated horizon (Bh), despite not matching the above listed interpretative features, recorded an important palaeoenvironmental change that may correspond to the AD 1908 tsunami. These findings reinforce the value of offshore sediment records as an underutilized resource for the identification of past tsunamis.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1553-1576
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Eastern Sicily ; tsunami ; foraminifera ; sedimentology ; XRF core scanning ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Time reverse location of seismic long-period events recorded on Mt Etna (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the first application of a time reverse location method in a volcanic setting, for a family of long-period (LP) events recorded on Mt Etna. Results are compared with locations determined using a full moment tensor grid search inversion and cross-correlation method. From 2008 June 18 to July 3, 50 broad-band seismic stations were deployed on Mt Etna, Italy, in close proximity to the summit. Two families of LP events were detected with dominant spectral peaks around 0.9 Hz. The large number of stations close to the summit allowed us to locate all events in both families using a time reversal location method. The method involves taking the seismic signal, reversing it in time, and using it as a seismic source in a numerical seismic wave simulator where the reversed signals propagate through the numerical model, interfere constructively and destructively, and focus on the original source location. The source location is the computational cell with the largest displacement magnitude at the time of maximum energy current density inside the grid. Before we located the two LP families we first applied the method to two synthetic data sets and found a good fit between the time reverse location and true synthetic location for a known velocity model. The time reverse location results of the two families show a shallow seismic region close to the summit in agreement with the locations using a moment tensor full waveform inversion method and a cross-correlation location method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 452-462
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano seismology ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Statistical analysis of the volcano seismicity during the 2007 crisis (2012)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyze the volcano seismicity recorded during the pre‐ and co‐eruptive regimes of the 2007 effusive crisis at Stromboli volcano (Italy). Data‐set is composed of the continuous recordings of a three‐component broad‐band seismometer and of a Sacks‐ Evertson strainmeter. Starting from the characterization of the non effusive phase as a stationary state of equilibrium, we investigate the effusive phase as a non‐equilibrium state. A statistical analysis reveals that the explosion occurrence is always driven by a nearly Poissonian process, as for the standard activity, even during the effusive phase, with the only difference in shortening the inter‐times. Explosion‐quake amplitudes are lognormally distributed until the effusive phase, becoming then broader. This indicates that many scales are involved. A slightly different process can be advocated for the swarms of the explosions occurring during the effusive phase. This suggests that the dynamics of the exsolution and/or aggregation of the gas slugs should differ from the nucleation mechanism responsible of the standard Strombolian activity. The pre‐eruptive regime is characterized by a very long deformative signal that appears as a transient oscillating signal with a period of about three days that modulates the explosion amplitudes. In a conceptual vibrating cavities model, it is related to a chocking phenomenon induced by magma injection, which in turn leads to the effusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09312
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanic tremor ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    A statistical study of the Stromboli volcano explosion quakes before and during 2002-2003 eruptive crisis (2012)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We study the seismic wavefield and the statistical properties of the Stromboli volcano explosions preceding and during the 2002–2003 crisis. We analyze the recordings of a three‐component seismometer operating since 23 May 2002 to 30 January 2003, including the first 34 days of the crisis. Before the crisis, we recognize three bell‐shaped classes of spectra with maxima falling in the range 1–5 Hz. Spectral content has two main changes, the most prominent one occurring at the crisis onset when the frequency peak at ∼0.3 Hz increases in amplitude. Independent component analysis extracts three time‐stable independent oscillations that peaked at 1.1, 1.8, and 2.5 Hz, with radial and shallow polarization indicating a stable source mechanism. Energy of the explosions is lognormally distributed, except during a 2 month time interval before the crisis when it also shows a higher mean value. The interoccurrence time distributions display an homogeneous Poissonian behavior with a mean intertime of 250 s, without changes at the crisis onset. Only swarms of explosions are not ruled by a Poisson process and display higher occurrence rates and higher energies. Finally, we depict a scheme of the crisis. A modification of the equilibrium is induced by rising magma that produces a change in the boundary conditions of the plumbing system. The escape from the equilibrium produces, at first, variations in the usual statistics of the explosions, then it leads to the lava effusion and to a pressure drop in the plumbing system that induces a deep gas slug nucleation and the excitation of low frequencies.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04303
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano, explosion quakes, 2002-2003 eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Hydrogen in the gas plume of an open‐vent volcano, Mount Etna, Italy (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report here on the first hydrogen determinations in the volcanic gas plume of Mount Etna, in Italy, which we obtained during periodic field surveys on the volcano’s summit area with an upgraded MultiGAS. Using a specific (EZT3HYT) electrochemical sensor, we resolved H2 concentrations in the plume of 1–3 ppm above ambient (background) atmosphere and derived H2‐SO2 and H2‐H2O plume molar ratios of 0.002–0.044 (mean 0.013) and 0.0001–0.0042 (mean 0.0018), respectively. Taking the above H2‐SO2 ratios in combination with a time‐averaged SO2 flux of 1600 Gg yr−1, we evaluate that Etna contributes a time‐averaged H2 flux of ∼0.65 Gg yr−1, suggesting that the volcanogenic contribution to the global atmospheric H2 budget (70,000–100,000 Gg yr−1) is marginal. We also use our observed H2‐H2O ratios to propose that Etna’s passive plume composition is (at least partially) representative of a quenched (temperatures between 750°C and 950°C) equilibrium in the gas‐magma system, at redox conditions close to the nickel‐nickel oxide (NNO) mineral buffer. The positive dependence between H2‐SO2, H2‐H2O, and CO2‐SO2 ratios suggests that H2 is likely supplied (at least in part) by deeply rising CO2‐rich gas bubbles, fluxing through a CO2‐depleted shallow conduit magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10204
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrogen ; Mount Etna ; Open-vent volcano ; plume ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Time reverse location of seismic long-period events recorded on Mt Etna (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the first application of a time reverse location method in a volcanic setting, for a family of long-period (LP) events recorded on Mt Etna. Results are compared with locations determined using a full moment tensor grid search inversion and cross-correlation method. From 2008 June 18 to July 3, 50 broad-band seismic stations were deployed on Mt Etna, Italy, in close proximity to the summit. Two families of LP events were detected with dominant spectral peaks around 0.9 Hz. The large number of stations close to the summit allowed us to locate all events in both families using a time reversal location method. The method involves taking the seismic signal, reversing it in time, and using it as a seismic source in a numerical seismic wave simulator where the reversed signals propagate through the numerical model, interfere constructively and destructively, and focus on the original source location. The source location is the computational cell with the largest displacement magnitude at the time of maximum energy current density inside the grid. Before we located the two LP families we first applied the method to two synthetic data sets and found a good fit between the time reverse location and true synthetic location for a known velocity model. The time reverse location results of the two families show a shallow seismic region close to the summit in agreement with the locations using a moment tensor full waveform inversion method and a cross-correlation location method.
    Description: In press
    Description: (11)
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano seismology ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
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  • 15
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    A statistical study of the Stromboli volcano explosion-quakes before and during 2002-2003 eruptive crisis (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We study the seismic wavefield and the statistical properties of the Stromboli volcano explosions preceding and during 2002-2003 crisis. We analyze the recordings of a three-component seismometer operating since 23/05/2002 to 30/01/2003, including the first 34 days of the crisis. Before the crisis, we recognize three bell-shaped classes of spectra with maxima falling in the range 1–5 Hz. Spectral content has two main changes, the most prominent one occurring at the crisis onset when the frequency peak at ∼0:3 Hz increases in amplitude. Independent Component Analysis extracts three timestable independent oscillations peaked at 1.1, 1.8, and 2.5 Hz, respectively, with radial and shallow polarization indicating a stable source mechanism. Energy of the explosions is log-normally distributed, except during a twomonth time interval before the crisis when it shows also a higher mean value. The inter-occurrence time distributions display an homogeneous poissonian behaviour with a mean inter-time of 250 s, without changes at the crisis onset. Only swarms of explosions are not ruled by a Poisson process and display higher occurrence rates and higher energies. Finally, we depict a scheme of the crisis. A modification of the equilibrium is induced by rising magma that produces a change in the boundary conditions of the plumbing system. The escape from the equilibrium produces, at first, variations in the usual statistics of the explosions, then it leads to the lava effusion and to a pressure drop in the plumbing systems that induces a deep gas slug nucleation and the excitation of low frequencies.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; explosion-quakes ; 2002-2003 eruptive crisis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Statistical analysis of the volcano seismicity during the 2007 crisis of Stromboli, Italy: a 3-day oscillatory signal as onset of the activity (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: We analyze the volcano seismicity recorded during the 2007 eruption of Stromboli. Data-set is composed of the continuous recordings of a three-component broad-band seismometer and of a strainmeter. Starting from the characterization of the standard activity as a stationary phase of equilibrium, we investigate the non-equilibrium phase of the effusive process. A statistical analysis of the explosions reveals that the occurrence is always driven by a Poisson process as for the standard activity, even approaching the effusion phase, with the only difference in shortening the inter-times just during the effusion. A slightly different process can be advocated for the swarms of the explosions, because a maximum in the distribution of inter-times can be evidenced. Regarding the amplitudes of the explosion-quakes, they have a log-normal distribution until the effusion onset as in the standard Strombolian activity. The actual departure from that stationarity seems to be traced by an early deformative response at very long period. It appears as a transient oscillating signal characterized by a period of about three days that modulates the explosion amplitudes. In a conceptual organ pipe-like model it is related to the chocking of the pipe. The successive activity can be interpreted as the response of volcano to restore the equilibrium condition.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09312
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 17
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    Excess volatiles supplied by mingling of mafic magma at an andesite arc volcano (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: We present the results of a study of volcanic gases at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, which includes the first spectroscopic measurements of the major gas species CO2 and H2S at this volcano using a Multisensor Gas Analyzer System (MultiGAS) sensor. The fluxes of CO2 and H2S were 640–2750 t/d and 84–266 t/d, respectively, during July 2008, during a prolonged eruptive pause. The flux of CO2 is similar to estimates for the entire arc from previous geochemical studies, while the measured H2S flux significantly alters our interpretation of the sulphur budget for this volcano. The fluxes of both sulphur and carbon show considerable excesses over that which can be supplied by degassing of erupted magma. We demonstrate, using thermodynamic models and published constraints on preeruptive volatile concentrations, that the gas composition and fluxes are best modeled by mixing between (1) gases derived from isobaric quenching of mafic magma against cooler andesite magma at depth and (2) gases derived from shallower rhyolitic interstitial melt within the porpyritic andesite. The escape of deep‐derived gases requires pervasive permeability or vapor advection extending to several kilometers depth in the conduit and magma storage system. These results provide more compelling evidence for both the contribution of unerupted mafic magma to the volatile budget of this andesitic arc volcano and the importance of the intruding mafic magma in sustaining the eruption. From a broader perspective, this study illustrates the importance and role of underplating mafic magmas in arc settings. These magmas play an important role in triggering and sustaining eruptions and contribute in a highly significant way to the volatile budget of arc volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q04005
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: magma degassing ; thermodynamics ; volcanic gases ; Soufriere Hills ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 18
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    Temporal changes in seismic wave propagation towards the end of the 2002 Mt Etna eruption (2010)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Stress can undergo rapid temporal changes in volcanic environments, and this is particularly true during eruptions. We use two independent methods, coda wave interferometry (CWI) and shear wave splitting (SWS) analysis to track stress related wave propagation effects during the waning phase of the 2002 NE fissure eruption at Mt Etna. CWI is used to estimate temporal changes in seismic wave velocity, while SWS is employed to monitor changes in elastic anisotropy. We analyse seismic doublets, detecting temporal changes both in wave velocities and anisotropy, consistent with observed eruptive activity. In particular, syn-eruptive wave propagation changes indicate a depressurization of the system, heralding the termination of the eruption, which occurs three days later.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1779-1788
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Interferometry ; Seismic anisotropy ; Volcano seismology ; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 19
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    Effects of the 1989 fracture system in the dynamics of the upper SE flank of Etna revealed by volcanic tremor data: The missing link? (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: Fracture reactivation is a widespread process in nature even though evidence of magma-induced reactivation is less documented. Here we provide evidence of the reactivation of a fracture system on the upper flank of the Mt. Etna volcano and consider its possible implications in understanding the recent volcanic and tectonic activity. A NNW–SSE trending fracture, partly accompanied by magma emplacement in the form of a laterally propagating dike, formed in 1989 on the upper SE flank of Etna. Lava effusions in 1991–1993, 2001, and 2006 were associated with volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity and ground deformations on the upper part of the volcano, which document the seismogenetic involvement of the 1989 fractures, although without eruptive phenomena along the discontinuity. In addition to the aforementioned episodes of VT seismicity, differences in the characteristics of the background seismic radiation (volcanic tremor) were measured at stations close to these fractures during the eruptive activity on 24 November 2006, for which more detailed volcanological and seismological time histories are available. Moving on from these findings, we analyze volcanic tremor data recorded close to the summit and along the S flank of the volcano to highlight the interactions between seismic radiation and the 1989 fracture system. Centroid location of volcanic tremor and wave field characteristics at stations of the permanent local seismic network of Etna highlight the guidance role played by the 1989 fractures during the eruptive activity on 24 November 2006. In addition, the collected data shed light on hitherto unknown structural features, which appear to connect the volcano summit to the lower SE slope and also play an important role in controlling the instability of the E flank. More generally, this study shows how (1) using an integrated approach, it is possible to link apparently different features to a common structure, showing uniform and distinct dynamics relevant at the volcano scale, and (2) fracture reactivation can also occur by means of magma intrusion, playing an important role in the transfer of magma within a volcanic edifice.
    Description: Published
    Description: B11306
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; fracture system ; volcanic tremor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 20
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    Unusually large magmatic CO2 gas emissions prior to a basaltic paroxysm (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: The low‐intensity activity of basaltic volcanoes is occasionally interrupted by short‐lived but energetic explosions which, whilst frequently observed, are amongst the most enigmatic volcanic events in Nature. The combination of poorly understood and deep, challenging to measure, source processes make such events currently impossible to forecast. Here we report increases in quiescent degassing CO2 emissions (〉10,000 t/day) prior to a powerful explosive event on Stromboli volcano on 15 March 2007. We interpret such large CO2 flux as being sourced by passive gas leakage from a deeply (〉4 km) stored magma, whose depressurization, possibly caused by the onset of an effusive eruption on 28 February 2007, was the explosion trigger. Our observations suggest that continuous CO2 flux monitoring may allow anomalously large explosions to be accurately forecast at basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Funding from INGV‐DPC project Paroxysm
    Description: Published
    Description: L17303
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: CO2, UV scanner, Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 21
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    CO2 degassing system of Stromboli volcano inferred by summit, peripheral and hydrothermal continuous measurements. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Stromboli is an open conduct volcano characterized by “Strombolian” activity. This activity is the result of a “delicate” dynamic equilibrium between continuous refilling of deep volatiles exsolved from the magma batch and superficial degassing. The volatiles, reaching the surface, interact with superficial fluids modifying peripheral and summit degassing processes. In particular, the main peripheral manifestations are represented by dissolved volatiles in the basal hydrothermal aquifer, as well as structurally controlled soil degassing at the lower parts of the volcanic edifice. Summit degassing is manifested by active (explosions from the conduct) and passive degassing (plume degassing from the conduct and diffuse soil degassing). During “normal” Strombolian activity this dynamic equilibrium allows the discharge of the volatiles in the atmosphere arriving from the depth. When the deep volatile flux increases, we observe that the system reacts by first increasing the diffuse volatile discharge from the superficial system. In fact, the result is the increase of Strombolian activity (frequency and energy of explosions due to the increase of the total volatiles pressure) and the increase of the total dissolved volatiles in the hydrothermal aquifer and soils anomalous flux. During overpressure of the plumbing system paroxistic activity is necessary to maintain the dynamic pressure equilibrium, allows to maintain the dynamic equilibrium between deep and superficial volatiles. In fact, through the opening of new fractures and consecutive lava flow or by major explosions and paroxysms the system decreases the total pressure of volatiles and restores the dynamic equilibrium of the Stromboli plumbing system. On the basis of the experiences acquired during the last two eruptions (2002-2003 and 2007) we improved our geochemical monitoring network by installing new equipments for monitoring, continuously, selected fluid manifestations located on the peripheral areas. In particular, we installed two automatic equipments for measuring dissolved CO2 in the thermal wells located in the N-E side of Stromboli (Stromboli village). In this way we covered wider area of fluid degassing of Stromboli volcano to better understand the relationships between the degassing regimes of the summit and basal hydrothermal systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco CA, USA
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Volcano monitoring ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 22
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    Infrasonic evidences for branched conduit dynamics at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: On multi-vents volcanoes changes in activity between different vents reflect a complex fluid-dynamics of the shallow feeding systems and are often explained numerically and experimentally in terms of conduit branches and bifurcations. We present new geophysical constraints on the shallow feeding system of Etna volcano derived from array analysis of infrasound radiated from two distinct sources, one located in the SE crater and one in the Voragine or NE crater (VNE). These two sources alternated in their behavior, with the VNE crater system radiating low amplitude background infrasound interrupted by episodes of increased infrasound radiation from the SE crater. This switching behavior suggested a branched shallow feeding system strongly controlled by the gas/magma-flux. Here, the VNE craters represented the preferential and most stable branch of degassing during stationary flux regime, while the SE crater branch activated in response to an increase in the magma/gas supply rate.
    Description: INGV-DPC V3 for the years 2005– 2007
    Description: Published
    Description: L19308
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Infrasound ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 23
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    Low-frequency seismic signals recorded by OBS at Stromboli volcano (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five three-component broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) were deployed on the seafloor around the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea). By comparing OBSs digital seismograms, we found a low-frequency seismicity recorded only at OBS05, the nearest seafloor station to Stromboli volcano. This seismicity appears in the form of a continuous seismic signal (tremor-like-signal) as well as a considerable number of shock-like events. We focused on recordings from OBS05 to verify their correlation with Stromboli volcanic activity. From the spectral analysis, we observed low-frequency events (LP events), superposed upon the continuous background noise (tremor). LP events and tremor, showing similar energy fluctuations and frequency content, appear to be produced by the same dynamic processes. We interpret this low-frequency seismicity as probably originating from a continuous uprising of gas bubbles from the deeper part of the Stromboli magmatic column. This could highlight the existence of a deeper source for low-frequency seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: L04305
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano-seismology ; low-frequency events ; tremor ; OBSs ; Stromboli (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 24
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    Volcanic sulphur dioxide fluxes from Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli measured with an automated scanning ultraviolet spectrometer (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: Stromboli made in July 2002 from fixed positions, using an automated plume scanning technique. Spectral data were collected using a miniature ultraviolet spectrometer, and SO2 column amounts were derived with a differential optical absorption spectroscopy evaluation routine. Scanning through the plume was enabled by a 45 turning mirror affixed to the shaft of a computer controlled stepper motor, so that scattered skylight from incremental angles within the horizon-to-horizon scans was reflected into the field of view of the spectrometer. Each scan lasted _5 min and, by combining these data with wind speeds, average fluxes of 940, 14, and 280 Mg d_1 were obtained for Etna, Vulcano, and Stromboli, respectively. For comparative purposes, conventional road and airborne traverses were also made using this spectrometer, yielding fluxes of 850, 17, and 210 Mg d_1. The automated scanning technique has the advantage of obviating the need for time-consuming traverses underneath the plume and is well suited for longer-term telemetered deployments to provide sustained high time resolution flux data.
    Description: Gruppo Nazionale per Vulcanolgia (GNV), the EC 5th Framework project ‘‘MULTIMO’’, and NERC grant GR9/04655
    Description: Published
    Description: 2455
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gas monitoring, remote sensing, SO2 emissions, DOAS,ultraviolet spectroscopy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 25
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    Constraints on mantle source and interactions from He-Sr isotope variation in Italian Plio-Quaternary volcanism (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Helium isotope ratios of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts from Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks from southern Italy (seven Aeolian Islands, Mt. Vulture, Etna, Ustica, and Pantelleria) range from 2.3 to 7.1 Ra. Importantly, the phenocryst 3He/4He correlate well with whole rock Sr isotopic composition (0.70309– 0.70711), reflecting the mixing of two sources. A significant contribution of He from crustal contamination is recorded only occasionally (e.g., pyroxenes from Vulcano). When merged with data from the Roman Comagmatic Province, a remarkably strong near-linear He-Sr isotope correlation is apparent. The general northward decrease in 3He/4He corresponds to an increase in 87Sr/86Sr (and a decrease in 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb) that is due to increasing metasomatic enrichment of the mantle wedge via subduction of the Ionian-Adriatic plate. Calculations based on the ingrowth of 4He in the wedge and on the 4He content of the subducting crust show that mechanisms of enrichment in radiogenic He are effective only if the wedge is strongly depleted in He relative to best estimates of the depleted mantle. This can be accommodated if the process of metasomatism by the subduction fluids depletes the mantle wedge. The 3He/4He of Pantelleria, Etna, Iblei, Ustica, Alicudi, and Filicudi basalts (7.0 ± 0.6 Ra) define the mantle composition least affected by subduction-related metasomatism. Although these volcanoes are from a variety of tectonic regimes (subduction-related, intraplate, rifting), their similarities suggest a common origin of geochemical features. Their characteristics are consistent with a HIMU-type mantle that either is younger than the Cook- Austral island end-member or has a lower 238U/204Pb.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q02001
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 26
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    The shallow magma pathway geometry at Mt. Etna volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A fundamental goal of volcano seismology is to understand the dynamics of active magmatic systems in order to assess eruptive behavior and the associated hazard. Imaging of magma conduits, quantification of magma transport and investigation of long-period seismic sources, together with their temporal variations, are crucial for the comprehension of eruption-triggering mechanisms. At Mt. Etna volcano, several intense episodes of tremor activity were recorded during 2007, in association with strombolian activity and/or intense fire fountaining episodes occurring from the South East Crater (SEC). The locations of the tremor sources and of the long-period seismic events are used here to constrain both the area and the depth range of magma degassing, highlighting the geometry of the shallow conduits feeding SEC. The imaged conduits consist of two connected resonating dike-like bodies, NNW-SSE and NW-SE oriented, extending from sea level to the surface. In addition, we show how tremor, long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) event locations and signatures reflect pressure fluctuations in the plumbing system associated with the ascent/discharge of gas-rich magma linked to the lava fountains. The evidence here reported, also corroborated by ground deformation variations, can help develop a better prediction and early-warning system for those eruptions (effusive or explosive) that apparently manifest no clear precursors.
    Description: Supported by grants from the European Union VOLUME FP6-2004-Global-3
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12021
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcano plumbing system ; volcanic tremor ; LP and VLP events ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 27
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    Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical surveillance has been carried out at Stromboli since 1999 using discrete and continuous monitoring of thermal waters and soil degassing. On 27 February 2007 a new eruption began which lasted until 2 April; it was characterized by effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and also by a paroxistic event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity to refine the model developed previously and to improve our understanding of the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the volcano and geochemical variations. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic activity. The SO2 fluxes of the degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are herein presented. Furthermore, we propose a refined geochemical model of fluids circulation, including plume and summit fumarolic soil degassing. Noteworthy geochemical signals of volcanic unrest were also clearly identified (before, during and after the effusive activity) in the degassing plume as well as in the degassing from the soil at the summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, CA,USA
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Stromboli volcano ; SO2 Flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    Total volatile flux from Mount Etna (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Total Volatile (TV) flux from Mount Etna volcano has been characterised for the first time, by summing the simultaneously-evaluated fluxes of the three main volcanogenic volatiles: H2O, CO2 and SO2.SO2 flux was determined by routine DOAS traverse measurements, while H2O and CO2 were evaluated by scaling MultiGAS-sensed H2O/SO2 and CO2/SO2 plume ratios to the UV-sensed SO2 flux. The time-averaged TV flux from Etna is evaluated at ~21,000 t∙day-1, with a large fraction accounted for by H2O(~13,000 t∙day-1). H2O dominates (≥70%) the volatile budget during syn-eruptive degassing, while CO2 and H2O contribute equally to the TV flux during passive degassing. The CO2 flux was observed to be particularly high prior to the 2006 eruption, suggesting that this parameter is a good candidate for eruption prediction at basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24302
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Active volcanoes ; Volcanic monitoring ; Gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 29
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    Geophysical indications of magma uprising at Mt Etna during the December 2005 to January 2006 non-eruptive period (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the December 2005-January 2006 non-eruptive period, the tremor amplitude at Etna markedly increased and negatively correlated with the gravity signal from one of the two summit station, over 2-3 hour periods. No correlation was found with the signal from the other gravity station. We locate the tremor source by inverting the spatial distribution of seismic amplitudes. Relying on the relative position of the two stations, we define a volume within which the gravity source must lie. During the period of marked anti-correlation, the tremor sources intersect this volume in a region located 1 km S-SE of the summit craters and about 2 km beneath the surface. This finding suggests that the anti-correlation marks the activation of a joint source process, possibly related to the arrival of fresh magma and the consequent gas separation. Our study has implications for the early recognition of gas segregation processes at active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06305
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic tremor ; Etna volcano ; gravity changes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 30
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    Crustal dynamics of Mount Vesuvius from 1998 to 2005: Effects on seismicity and fluid circulation (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of hydrogeochemical and seismological studies carried out at Mt. Vesuvius during the period June 1998 – December 2005. Hydrogeochemical data show the occurrence of slowly varying long-term variations in the total dissolved salts and bicarbonate contents of the groundwaters, accompanied by a general decline in water temperatures. The temporal distributions of air temperature and rainfall in the Vesuvius area suggest that these variations do not depend on changes in the hydrological regime. The changes in the geochemical parameters are accompanied by slight variations in both the seismicity rate and energy release. A further relationship between seismic activity and fluid discharge rate is highlighted by a particular episode that occurred in August 2005, when a soil thermal anomaly was observed a few weeks before the occurrence of a very shallow earthquake. Moment-tensor analysis of this earthquake suggests that the most plausible source mechanism is a shear faulting combined with the opening of tensile crack. This feature is often observed in volcanic areas and it is usually related to fluid-/gas-driven rock fracturing. The observed seismological, hydrological, and geochemical temporal changes are interpreted not as changes of the volcanic system, but in terms of an external forcing as identified in the variation of the regional and local stress field acting on the volcano. This study has inferences onto the evaluation of the state of activity of volcanic systems and the eventual detection of unrest phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05206
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; seismicity ; fluid circulation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 31
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    Evidence for ground motion polarization on fault zones of mt. etna volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During local and regional earthquakes, an evident amplification of horizontal ground motion is observed at two seismological stations near the Tremestieri fault, on the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano. Rotated-component spectral ratios show a narrow spectral peak around 4-Hz along a N40°E direction. A conventional polarization analysis using the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix confirms the very stable directional effect enhancing the approximately NE-SW elongation of the horizontal ground motion in the fault zone. The effect is evident during the entire seismogram and independent of source backazimuth as well as distance and depth of earthquakes. The same polarization is observed in ambient noise as well. This consistency allowed us to use microtremors for checking ground motion polarization along and across the Tremestieri fault zone with a high spatial resolution. The result is a stable polarization of horizontal motion in the entire area, interesting a broad frequency band. To check whether this ground motion property is recurrent and understand a possible relationship with fault strike, faulting style, or orientation of fractures, ambient noise was recorded on other mapped faults of the Mt. Etna area, the Moscarello, Acicatena and Pernicana faults. The latter, in particular, is characterized by different strike and faulting style. A systematic tendency of ambient noise to be polarized is found in all of the faults. A picture emerges where normal faults of the eastern flank show a E-W to NE-SW polarization that changes on the Pernicana fault, which develops approximately E-W and is characterized by a prevailing NW-SE to NS polarization. Directions of polarization were never parallel to the fault strike. Moreover, polarization persists too far away from the fault trace, excluding an effect limited to a narrow low velocity zone hosted between harder wall rocks. Both these observations rule out an interpretation in terms of fault-trapped waves. The cause of observed polarizations will be the subject of future studies. However, the consistency with recent results of velocity anisotropy in a part of the investigated area suggests a possible role of attenuation anisotropy on horizontal amplitude variations versus azimuth.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10306
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: polarization ; fault zones ; Etna volcano ; microtremors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 32
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    Geochemical variations of air-free crater fumaroles at Mt Etna: New inferences for forecasting shallow volcanic activity (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigated the gas geochemistry of fumaroles close to the Voragine crater of Mt Etna that have a temperature of 90–95 C, are CO2-dominated, and have an air content as low as 〈1%. This is the first report of the monitoring of such air-free fumaroles at the Etnean crater area—previous studies indicated an air contribution of 70% or more. The helium and carbon isotopes (Rc/Ra = 6.5 ± 0.4, d13CCO2 = 1.7 ± 0.5%) suggest that the released gas is directly related to the magmatic degassing. The fumaroles were sampled 12 times between June 2007 and June 2008, which revealed an increase in Rc/Ra from 6.1 to 6.9 that can be related to the increasing volcanic activity at the summit area of Mt Etna. These fumaroles offer a new tool for detecting magmatic processes (magma ascent, refilling, degassing, etc.), and will be useful for volcano surveillance.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21302
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: helium ; isotope ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 33
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    Mercury and halogen emissions from Masaya and Telica volcanoes, Nicaragua (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report measurements of Hg, SO2, and halogens (HCl, HBr, HI) in volcanic gases from Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, and gaseous SO2 and halogens from Telica volcano, Nicaragua. Mercury measurements were made with a Lumex 915+ portable mercury vapor analyzer and gold traps, while halogens, CO2 and S species were monitored with a portable multi gas sensor and filter packs. Lumex Hg concentrations in the plume were consistently above background and ranged up to 350 ng/m3. Hg/SO2 mass ratios measured with the real-time instruments ranged from 1.1*10-7 to 3.5*10-5 (mean 2*10-5). Total gaseous mercury TGM)concentrations measured by gold trap ranged from 100 to 225 ng/m3. Reactive gaseous mercury accounted for 1% of TGM, while particulate mercury was 5% of the TGM. Field measurements of Masaya’s SO2 flux, combined with the Hg/SO2 ratio, indicate a Hg flux from Masaya of 7.2 Mg/a-1. At Masaya’s low temperature fumaroles, Hg/CO2 mass ratios were consistently around 2*10-8, lower than observed in the main vent (Hg/CO2 10-7). Low-temperature fumarole Hg fluxes from Masaya are insignificant (150 g a-1). Ratios of S, C and halogen species were also measured at Masaya and Telica volcanoes. CO2/SO2 ratios at Masaya ranged from 2.8 to 3.9, comparable to previously published values. At Masaya molar Br/SO2 was 3*10-4 and I/SO2 was 2*10-5, suggesting fluxes of 0.2–0.5 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.02–0.05 Mg HI d-1. At Telica the Br/SO2 ratio was also 3*10-4 and the I/SO2 ratio was 5.8*10-5, with corresponding fluxes of 0.2 Mg HBr d-1 and 0.06 Mg HI d-1. Gases at both volcanoes are enriched in I relative to Br and Cl, compared to gases from volcanoes elsewhere.
    Description: This work was funded by NERC grant NE/ C511180/1/.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06203
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mercury ; Halogen ; Volcanic emissions ; Masaya volcano ; Telica volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 34
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    Effects of a volcanic plume on thermal imaging data (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground-based thermal imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for volcano surveillance, however the impact of volcanic plumes on quantitative measurements of surface temperature has not been previously evaluated. Here we use a radiative transfer model to simulate gas (primarily H2O and SO2) and aerosol absorptions over the path between a thermal camera and a heat source on Stromboli volcano, Italy. A FTIR spectrometer was used to quantify path amounts of gases likely to be encountered when making thermal measurements of the active craters. We find that when using a camera sensitive from 7.5 to 13 mm, underestimates of 400 K may be produced when viewing a source with an actual temperature of 1200 K. Cameras that operate between 3 and 5 mm are somewhat less susceptible to these errors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14311
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 35
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    Continuous soil radon monitoring during the July 2006 Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 36
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    The July-August 2000 seismic swarms at Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two swarms of microearthquakes (ML ≤ 2.2), occurred on July 2-7 and August 22, 2000 at Campi Flegrei, accompained by a ground uplift episode (4 cm) which interrupted on early March 2000 the descending trend started on 1985. Spectral analysis indicates a direct involvement of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids in the source process of the July swarm, while the August events are typical of shear failure, similar to most of the earthquakes that occurred during the last (1982-1984) bradyseismic crisis. Precise 3-D relative location applied to similar earthquakes allows for the recognition of two parallel alignments trending NE-SW at depths of 1.7 and 3.2 Km. This trend is consistent with the direction of the main focal plane obtained from fault plane solutions and evidences tensile failure in close proximity to the zone of maximum uplift as depicted by geodetic measurements. A fault weakening mechanism triggered by increasing pore pressure is invoked as the cause of these earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2525-2528
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; seismic swarm ; earthquakes locations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 37
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    The SO2 camera: A simple, fast and cheap method for ground-based imaging of SO2 in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: SO2 flux is widely monitored on active volcanoes as it gives a window into the hidden, subsurface magma dynamics. We present here a new approach to SO2 flux monitoring using ultraviolet imaging of the volcanic plume through carefully chosen filters to produce images of SO2 column amount. The SO2 camera heralds a breakthrough in both our ability to measure SO2 flux at unprecedented frequencies (2 Hz) and at unprecedented accuracy, thanks to the application of correlation techniques to determine wind speed directly from the images and the ability to measure the whole profile simultaneously. In this paper we detail the commercially available pieces required to construct the SO2 camera, introduce a retrieval scheme to determine SO2 amounts from the images and present results from a field campaign in November 2005 on Sakurajima volcano, Japan.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24804
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 38
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    Measurements of 220Rn, 222Rn and CO2 emissions in soil and fumarole gases on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): implications for gas transport and shallow ground fracture. (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity and of CO2 flux in soil and fumaroles were carried out on Mount Etna volcano in 2005–2006, both in its summit area and along active faults on its flanks. We observe an empirical relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 efflux. The higher the flux of CO2, the lower the ratio between 220Rn and 222Rn. Deep sources of gas are characterized by high 222Rn activity and high CO2 efflux, whereas shallow sources are indicated by high 220Rn activity and relatively low CO2 efflux. Excess 220Rn highlights sites of ongoing shallow rock fracturing that could be affected by collapse, as in the case of the rim of an active vent. Depletion both in 220Rn and in CO2 seems to be representative of residual degassing along recently active eruptive vents.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q10001
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: radon ; thoron ; carbon dioxide ; rock stress ; gas transport ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 39
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    Volcanic tremor location during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: A lava emission started at Mt. Etna, Italy, on 7 September, 2004. Neither earthquake seismicity heralded or accompanied the opening of the fracture field from which the lava poured out, nor volcanic tremor changed in amplitude and frequency content at the onset of the effusive activity. To highlight long-term changes, we propose a method for the location of the tremor source based on a 3D grid search, using the amplitude decay of the seismic signal, from January to November 2004. We find the centroid of the tremor source within a zone close to and partially overlapped with the summit craters (pre-effusive phase), which extended up to 2 km south of them (effusive phase). The depths are of between 1698 and 2387 m a.s.l. We hypothesize the lava effusion stemmed from a degassed magma body, although we find evidence of temporary magma overpressure conditions, such as those documented on 25 September.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09304
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 40
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    Seismological insight into the kinematics of the 5 April 2003 vulcanian explosion at Stromboli volcano (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an eruptive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives information about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-longperiod signal (period 〉 20 s), that we interpret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rapid rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal (period 〈 0.1 s) that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal (period 2 20 s), marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco.We propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceding such events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08308
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 41
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    Structural and seismological features of the 1989 syn-eruptive NNW-SSE fracture system at Mt. Etna (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the text
    Description: Published
    Description: 1545-1548
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: anisotropy ; eruptive fracture ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 42
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    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 43
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    Cooperation on Congo Volcanic and Environmental Risks (2007)
    AGU
    In:  Citation: Tedesco, D., et al. (2007), Cooperation on Congo Volcanic and Environmental Risks, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(16), 177.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Article
    Description: On 17 January 2002, the Nyiragongo volcano (1.52°S, 29.25°E, 3469 meters above sea level), located about 18 kilometers north of Lake Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo, erupted, releasing a volume of 14-34 million cubic meters of lava. Lava flows originated from north-south oriented fractures that rapidly developed along the southern flank of the volcano. Two lava flows divided the nearby city of Goma (~500,000 people) into two parts, forcing a rapid exodus of the population into Rwanda. One of these lava flows ran into Lake Kivu, encroaching 60 meters below lake level with a submerged lava volume of 1 million cubic meters. About 15% of the town was directly affected, leaving approximately 120,000 people homeless. At least 170 people died as a direct consequence of the eruption
    Description: American Geophysical Union
    Description: Published
    Description: 177-188
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Telemetered Seismic Network ; Effusive volcanism ; Volcanology ; Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 44
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    Insight into Mt. Etna (Italy) kinematics during the 2002–2003 eruption as inferred from seismic stress and strain tensors (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismic activity linked to the 2002–03 Mt. Etna eruption was investigated by analyzing the Md 〉 2.3 earthquakes. The results of 3D relocation were used to compute fault plane solutions and a selected dataset was inverted to determine stress and strain tensors. The analysis revealed a complex kinematic response of the eastern flank dominated by fast stress propagation and reorientation. We hypothesize that a vertical dike intruded the southern flank, generating an extensional regime that triggered a radial intrusion in the northeast sector of the volcano. The combined effects gave rise to a rotation of the stress tensor that controlled the activation of the Pernicana fault system. The volcanic and tectonic interactions produced a second reorientation of the stress tensor, causing a structural response in the southeast lower flank. The overall result of the deformation processes observed during the eruption was an E-W extension on the eastern flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Seismicity and seismotectonics ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms ; Volcanology: Magma migration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 45
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    High-precision locations of the microseismicity preceding the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To recognize possible signals of intrusive processes leading to the last 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna, we analyzed the spatial pattern of microseismicity between August 2001 and October 2002 and calculated 23 fault plane solutions (FPSs) for shocks with magnitude greater than 2.5. By applying the double-difference approach of Waldhauser and Ellsworth [2000] on 3D locations, we found that most of the scattered epicentral locations further collapse in roughly linear features. High-precision locations evidenced a distribution of earthquakes along two main alignments, oriented NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, matching well both with the known tectonic and volcanic lineaments of Etna and FPSs results. Moreover, microseismicity and swarms located along the NNW-SSE volcano-genetic trend suggest, together with geodetic data and volcanological evidence that progressive magma refilling has occurred since February 2002.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics ; Seismology: Earthquake parameters ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring ; Volcanology: Magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 46
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    Paroxysmal summit activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) monitored through continuous soil radon measurements (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil radon emissions have been proved as a useful tool for predicting earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and furthermore aided in determining the location of active faults. Continuous radon monitoring was carried out near Southeast Crater of Mt. Etna in September–November 1998, during a period of frequent eruptive episodes at that crater. Radon anomalies were detected when eruptive episodes and the accompanying volcanic tremor became increasingly intense: no anomalies in radon activity were observed during the first five, and weaker, eruptive episodes, whereas significant spikes in radon activity preceded the latter five episodes by ≥46 hours. This probably reflects increased gas leakage through fractures intersecting the shallow plumbing system, as gas pressure in the Southeast Crater conduit became higher with time. Radon monitoring thus might serve to better understand eruptive mechanisms and possible precursors, making further studies in this field a promising perspective.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Structural Geology: Role of fluids ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 47
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    Shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004 and current volcanic activity on Mt. Etna (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The understanding of shallow intrusive processes during 2002–2004, as well as the causes of the volcano-tectonic seismicity, has been improved at Mt. Etna by comparing the inversion results from GPS data with accurate 3D hypocentral locations. Our findings indicate that short periods of deflation (about six months) were followed by recharging phases after the end of both the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions. During the last recharging phase (June 2003–August 2004), modeling results and seismic observations suggest a composite mechanism of re-injection of magma into the rift-zones (S and NE), similar to that leading to the 2002–2003 flank eruption, which could have triggered the summit eruption started on September 7, 2004.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Magma migration and fragmentation ; Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; Seismology: Seismicity and tectonics ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 868891 bytes
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  • 48
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    Seismological evidence of stress induced by dike injection during the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A selected dataset of 151 events, leading the July 17–August 9, 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, has been analyzed for three-dimensional hypocenter locations, focal mechanisms and stress tensor inversions. The seismic pattern provided indications for two main spatial clusters of foci located along and eastwards of the 2001 Mt. Etna eruptive fractures system. The 151 fault plane solutions (mostly strike slip) were inverted for stress tensor parameters, and space variations of seismogenic stress orientations have been identified. The stress inversion results and the axi-symmetric orientation of P-axes, in the region surrounding the modeled dike, well support the evidence of a unique stress source in agreement with the ground deformation results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms ; Volcanology: Magma migration ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 2920311 bytes
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  • 49
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    Coupling of eruptions and earthquakes at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy): A case study from the 1981 and 2001 events (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Changes in Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) induced by dike propagation during two flank eruptions on Mt. Etna (1981 and 2001) are calculated for the most seismically active faults on the east slope of the volcano (the right-lateral Timpe fault system, oriented NNW-SSE, and the left-lateral Pernicana fault, oriented E-W). Calculations performed using Coulomb 2.5 software indicate that intrusion of a NNW dike on the NW side of the volcano (1981 eruption) rises ΔCFS on both the Timpe and Pernicana faults. In contrast, intrusion of a N-S dike at high elevation on the south flank (2001 eruption) rises ΔCFS only on Timpe fault System. These results are compatible with the observed pattern of seismicity, but emphasize an extremely heterogeneous state of stress on the east flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Tectonophysics: Stresses: crust and lithosphere ; Volcanology: Magma migration and fragmentation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 288903 bytes
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  • 50
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    Automatic versus manual model differentiation to compute sensitivities and solve non-linear inverse problems (2002)
    3
    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Münster, 3, vol. 28, no. 45, pp. 309-326, pp. L11609, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Inversion ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Non-linear effects ; Discrimination ; C&G
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 51
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    The solution of linear equations by the conjugate gradient method (1967)
    Wiley
    In:  Mathematical Methods for Digital Computers, Volume 1, Sapporo, Japan, Wiley, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 211-236, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1967
    Keywords: Inversion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 52
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    Die Lösung linearer Gleichungen nach der Methode der konjugierten Gradienten (1967)
    Wiley
    In:  Mathematische Methoden für Digitalrechner, Sapporo, Japan, Wiley, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 106-126, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1967
    Keywords: Inversion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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