ALBERT

Note: Konstruktionsgrundlagen Toleranzen und Passungen -- Festigkeitsberechnung -- Tribologie -- Kleb- und Lötverbindungen -- Schweiß-, Niet- u. Schraubverbindungen -- Bolzen- und Stiftverbindungen -- Elastische Federn -- Achsen, Wellen, Zapfen -- Wellen/Nabenverbindungen -- Kupplungen -- Bremsen -- Wälz- und Gleitlager -- Riemen- und Kettengetriebe -- Rohrleitungen -- Dichtungen -- Zahnräder und Zahnradgetriebe -- Außenverzahnte Stirnräder, Kegelräder, Schraubrad- und Schneckengetriebe..

Note: Cover; Copyright; Contents; Figures; Tables; Contributors; Abbreviations; PART I Introduction; 1. Changing regulatory arrangements in food governance; 2. Conceptualizing regulatory arrangements: Complex networks and regulatory roles; PART II Public policy responses to food safety challenges; 3. Regulation of food safety in the EU: Explaining organizational diversity among Member States; 4. Buying biosecurity: UK compensation for animal diseases; 5. Being well fed: Food safety regimes in China. , 6. The political economy of Chinese food safety regulation: Distributing adulterated milk powder in mainland China and TaiwanPART III New forms of private food governance; 7. Authority and legitimacy in governing global food chains; 8. The effectiveness of private food governance in fostering sustainable development; 9. Food quality through networks in the European wine industry; 10. Markets regulating markets: Competitive private regulation by halal certificates; PART IV How public and private regulation meet. , 11. Are we being served? The relationship between public and private food safety regulation12. Between public and private requirements: Challenges and opportunities for the export of tropical fruits from developing countries to the EU; 13. The meta-governance of co-regulation: Safeguarding the quality of Dutch eggs; Index.

Note: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of contents; Reader's guide; Definition of OECD indicators of agricultural support; Nominal indicators used in this report; Ratio indicators and percentage indicators; Box 1. Definitions of categories in the PSE classification; Decomposition indicators; Definition of GSSE categories; Sources and definitions of contextual indicators; Table X.1. Contextual indicators; Box 2. Definitions of categories in the GSSE classification; Figure X.2. Main macroeconomic indicators; Figure X.3. Agro-food trade; OECD indicators of support; Currencies. , List of acronyms and abbreviationsExecutive summary; Recommendations; Chapter 1. Developments in agricultural policy and support; Key economic and market developments; Table 1.1. Key economic indicators; Figure 1.1. Commodity world price indices, 2007 to 2014; Main features of agricultural policies; Box 1.1. Agriculture and COP21; Box 1.2. Developments post the 2013 Bali WTO Ministerial; Developments in agricultural support; Countries' importance in global agriculture has changed since the mid-1990s - and so has their role in supporting agriculture. , Figure 1.2. Country shares in total agricultural GDP and in total TSE, 1995-97 and 2012-14Total monetary transfers to the agricultural sector were stable in some countries, but increased significantly in others; Figure 1.3. Evolution of Total Support Estimate, 1995-97 to 2012-14; However the relative cost of agricultural support for the economies has decreased significantly over time in most of the countries; Figure 1.4. Total Support Estimate by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14. , The total agricultural support is dominated by support to agricultural producers, while expenditures on key general services to the sector are relatively smallFigure 1.5. Composition of Total Support Estimate by country, 2012-14; Average support to agricultural producers in OECD countries and emerging economies is converging; Figure 1.6. Evolution of Producer Support Estimate, 1995 to 2014; However short- and long-term changes across individual countries remain very uneven; Figure 1.7. Producer Support Estimate by country, 2013 and 2014. , Box 1.3. What drove changes in the monetary value of producer support in 2014?Figure 1.8. Contribution of various factors to the change in the Producer Support Estimate in 2014; Box 1.3. What drove changes in the monetary value of producer support in 2014? (cont.); Figure 1.9. Evolution of producer support at different stages of economic development, 1986 to 2013; Figure 1.10. Producer Support Estimate by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14; Differences in policy approaches are also reflected in policy instruments; Figure 1.11. Composition of Producer Support Estimate by country, 2012-14. , Figure 1.12. Composition of payments based on area, animal numbers, receipts and income by country, 1995-97 and 2012-14.

Note: Foreword; Preface; Contents; Authors' Biography; Chapter 1: Paths to the New Arctic; Chapter 2: Indigenous Peoples in the New Arctic; Chapter 3: Pioneering Nation: New Narratives About Greenland and Greenlanders Launched Through Arts and Branding; Chapter 4: Perpetual Adaption? Challanges for the Sami and Reindeer Husbandry in Sweden; Chapter 5: On Past, Present and Future Arctic Expeditions; Chapter 6: Arctopias: The Arctic as No Place and New Place in Fiction; Chapter 7: The Fleeting Glaciers of the Arctic; Chapter 8: Arctic Carbon Cycle: Patterns, Impacts and Possible Changes; Chapter 9: Arctic Vegetation Cover: Patterns, Processes and Expected Change; Chapter 10: Human Development in the New Arctic; Chapter 11: Issues in Arctic Tourism; ...

Note: Frontcover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1: The Problem(s); 2: A Plethora of Germanies; 3: Culture, Language, and Blood; 4: The Gemeinschaft; 5: Marx, the Proletariat, and the State; 6: Hegel and the State; 7: German Historians and the State; 8: Meinecke and the State; 9: The Lingering Ambiguities of the State; 10: Materialism; 11: Militarism and Death; 12: Providence and Narration; 13: Guilt and Innocence; 14: The Indispensable Jews; 16: The State Today; Notes; Index.

Note: Contents: Chapter 1. The transport sector today ; Chapter 2. Transport demand and CO2 emissions to 2050 ; Chapter 3. International freight ; Chapter 4. International passenger aviation ; Chapter 5. Mobility in cities ; Statistical annex

Note: 1.1. The Early History of Glass; 1.2. Glass and Science; 1.3. The Discovery of Natural Melts; 1.4. The Physical Chemistry of Melts; 1.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 2. Glass Versus Melt; 2.1. Relaxation; 2.2. Glass Transition; 2.3. Configurational Properties; 2.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 3. Glasses and Melts vs. Crystals; 3.1. Basics of Silicate Structure 3.2. Thermodynamic Properties3.3. Liquid-Like Character of Crystals; 3.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 4. Melt and Glass Structure -- Basic Concepts; 4.1. Bond Length, Bond Angle, and Bond Strength in Silicates; 4.2. Network-Formers; 4.3. Network-Modifying Cations and Linkage between Structural Units; 4.4. Bonding, Composition and Effects on Melt Properties; 4.5 Mixing, Order, and Disorder; 4.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 5. Silica -- A Deceitful Simplicity; 5.1. An Outstanding Oxide; 5.2. Physical Properties; 5.3. Structure of SiO2 Glass and Melt 5.4. Effects of Pressure and Temperature5.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 6. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- I. Physical Properties; 6.1. Phase Relationships; 6.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 6.3. Volume and Transport Properties; 6.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 7. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- II. Structure; 7.1. Pseudocrystalline Models of Melt Structure; 7.2. Thermodynamic Modeling and Melt Structure; 7.3. Numerical Simulation of Melt Structure; 7.4. Structure from Direct Measurements; 7.5. Structure and Melt Properties; 7.6. Summary Remarks; References Chapter 8. Aluminosilicate Systems -- I. Physical Properties8.1. Phase Relationships; 8.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 8.3. Volume and Viscosity; 8.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 9. Aluminosilicate Systems -- II. Structure; 9.1. Binary Al2O3-Bearing Glasses and Melts; 9.2. Meta-Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts (SiO2-M1/xAlO2); 9.3. Peralkaline Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts; 9.4. Pressure and the Structure of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.5. Structure and Properties of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 10. Iron-bearing Melts -- I. Physical Properties 10.1 Ferrous and Ferric Iron10.2. Phase Equilibria; 10.3. Iron Redox Reactions; 10.4. Physical Properties; 10.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 11. Iron-bearing Melts -- II. Structure; 11.1. Ferric Iron; 11.2. Ferrous Iron; 11.3. Ferric and Ferrous Iron in Silicate Melts at High Temperature; 11.4. Iron in Silicate Melts and Glasses at High Pressure; 11.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 12. The Titanium Anomalies; 12.1. Phase Relations and Glass Formation; 12.2. Physical Properties; 12.3. Structure of Titanosilicate Glasses and Melts; 12.4. High-Temperature Studies

Note: Cover -- Titel -- Impressum -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Nichts als Stress mit der Textverarbeitung -- Über dieses Buch -- Teil I: Gute Vorbereitung ist alles! -- Kapitel 1: Dokument vorbereiten und einrichten -- 1.1 Der Aufbau des Dokuments -- 1.1.1 Abschnitte und Umbrüche -- 1.1.2 Das Deckblatt -- 1.2 Seite einrichten -- 1.2.1 Satzspiegel nach Vorgaben einrichten -- 1.2.2 Satzspiegel frei gestalten -- 1.2.3 Satzspiegel anzeigen -- 1.2.4 Gültigkeit der Seiteneinstellungen -- 1.2.5 Seiteneinstellungen übertragen -- 1.3 Seiten rahmen -- 1.4 Ein- oder mehrspaltig? -- 1.4.1 Abstand oder Trennlinie? -- 1.4.2 Registerhaltigkeit -- 1.4.3 Spaltenaufteilung im Text wechseln -- 1.4.4 Ungleiche Spaltenbreiten -- 1.5 Außerhalb des Satzspiegels -- 1.5.1 Positionsrahmen und Textfelder -- 1.5.2 Seitenrand nutzen -- 1.5.3 Textfelder mit Überlauf -- 1.5.4 Textfelder drehen -- Kapitel 2: Dokument in Fließtext und Überschriften gliedern -- 2.1 Schriftart auswählen -- 2.1.1 Die Schrift für den Textkörper -- 2.1.2 Schrift mit Serifen oder ohne Serifen? -- 2.1.3 Die passende Schriftgröße -- 2.2 Formatvorlagen verwenden -- 2.2.1 Arbeit erleichtern mit Formatvorlagen -- 2.2.2 Einem Text eine Formatvorlage zuweisen -- 2.2.3 Formatvorlagen den Vorgaben anpassen -- 2.2.4 Neue Formatvorlagen aus manuell formatiertem Text erstellen -- 2.3 Überschriften verwenden -- 2.3.1 Was macht eine Überschrift aus? -- 2.3.2 Überschriften per Formatvorlage -- 2.3.3 Überschriften automatisch formatieren lassen -- 2.3.4 Handformatierte Überschriften nachträglich in Formatvorlagen-Überschriften umwandeln -- 2.4 Nummerierte Überschriften -- 2.4.1 Lineare Nummerierungen -- 2.4.2 Hierarchische Überschriften mit Gruppenwechsel -- 2.4.3 Separate Überschriften-Nummerierung für den Nachtext -- 2.5 Problembehandlung für die Überschriftennummerierung -- 2.6 Überschriften in der Kopfzeile wiederholen (Kolumnentitel) -- 2.6.1 Überschriftentext mit Nummer in der Kopfzeile zeigen -- 2.6.2 Mehrere Überschriften in die Kopfzeile -- 2.6.3 Die Suchreihenfolge der {StyleRef}-Felder -- 2.6.4 Problembehandlung für Kolumnentitel -- Kapitel 3: Kopf- und Fußzeilen -- 3.1 Kopf- und Fußzeilen einrichten -- 3.1.1 Kopf- und Fußzeilen ausblenden -- 3.1.2 Die erste Seite anders gestalten -- 3.1.3 Seiten ohne Kopfzeileneinträge -- 3.2 Kopf- und Fußzeilen bearbeiten -- 3.2.1 Abstände einrichten -- 3.2.2 Kopf- und Fußzeilen für beidseitigen Druck spiegeln -- Kapitel 4: Seiten nummerieren -- 4.1 Seitennummern in die Kopf- oder Fußzeile einbringen -- 4.1.1 Seite X von Y -- 4.1.2 Erste Seite von der Paginierung ausnehmen -- 4.1.3 Mehrere Seiten von der Paginierung ausnehmen -- 4.1.4 Kapitelweise paginieren -- 4.2 Paginierungs-Spezialitäten -- 4.2.1 Welche Seiten wie nummerieren? -- 4.2.2 Vortext und Nachtext mit eigener Seitenzählung -- 4.2.3 Nummerierung im Nachtext -- 4.2.4 Seitennummern bei querformatigen Seiten platzieren -- 4.2.5 Wechselnde Seitennummerierung gerade/ungerade -- 4.2.6 Hinweis auf Folgeseite -- Kapitel 5: Verweise und Verzeichnisse -- 5.1 Querverweise -- 5.1.1 Querverweis einrichten -- 5.1.2 Auf mehrere Ziele verweisen -- 5.1.3 Textmarke als Verweisziel -- 5.1.4 Verweise auf andere Dateien -- 5.2 Fuß- und Endnoten -- 5.2.1 Wann Fußnoten, wann Endnoten? -- 5.2.2 Fuß- und Endnoten einfügen -- 5.2.3 Fuß- und Endnoten löschen -- 5.2.4 Fuß- und Endnotennummer gestalten -- 5.2.5 Fußnotentext einrücken -- 5.2.6 Fußnotentrennlinie gestalten -- 5.2.7 Fußnoten mit Platzproblemen -- 5.3 Verzeichnisse -- 5.3.1 Wohin mit welchen Verzeichnissen? -- 5.3.2 Unterschiedliche Grunddaten für Verzeichnisse -- 5.4 Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 5.4.1 Überschriften vorbereiten -- 5.4.2 Inhaltsverzeichnis generieren -- 5.4.3 Inhaltsverzeichnis aktualisieren -- 5.4.4 Weitere Formatvorlagen zum Inhaltsverzeichnis hinzufügen -- 5.4.5 Andere Texte zum Inhaltsverzeichnis hinzufügen -- 5.4.6 Inhaltsverzeichnis formatieren -- 5.4.7 Inhaltsverzeichnis »einfrieren« -- 5.5 Abbildungs-, Tabellen- und Formelverzeichnis -- 5.5.1 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen, Tabellen oder Formeln einfügen -- 5.5.2 Quellenangaben für Illustrationen -- 5.6 Zitate, Quellen, Literaturhinweise -- 5.6.1 Quellen eintragen -- 5.6.2 Quellen organisieren -- 5.6.3 Quellenhinweis einfügen -- 5.6.4 Zitierweisen anpassen -- 5.6.5 Zitatverweis mit Platzhalter -- 5.6.6 Literatur- oder Quellenverzeichnis einfügen -- 5.6.7 Mehrere Quellenverzeichnisse -- 5.7 Rechtsgrundlagenverzeichnis -- 5.7.1 Zitate eintragen -- 5.7.2 Einträge hinzufügen -- 5.7.3 Zitate wiederverwenden -- 5.7.4 Rechtsgrundlagenverzeichnis einfügen -- 5.8 Index (Stichwortverzeichnis) -- 5.8.1 Stichworte (Einträge) erfassen -- 5.8.2 Einträge hinzufügen -- 5.8.3 Untereinträge -- 5.8.4 Verweisoptionen -- 5.8.5 Index erstellen -- 5.8.6 Glossar und Abk.-Verz. -- 5.9 Verzeichnis-Spezialitäten -- 5.9.1 Verzeichnisse und Hyperlinks -- 5.9.2 Verzeichnisse über mehrere Dokumente -- Kapitel 6: Formatvorlagen professionell -- 6.1 Alle Formatvorlagen anzeigen -- 6.2 Formatvorlagen verwenden -- 6.2.1 Zeichen- oder Absatzformat? -- 6.2.2 Formatvorlagen auf handformatierte Texte anwenden -- 6.2.3 Einen Absatz mit mehreren Absatz-Formatvorlagen formatieren -- 6.3 Formatvorlagen bearbeiten -- 6.3.1 Eigenschaften einer Formatvorlage anzeigen -- 6.3.2 Formatvorlagen erstellen und ändern -- 6.3.3 Formatvorlage aus handformatiertem Text erstellen -- 6.3.4 Überschriften-Formatvorlagen -- 6.3.5 Formatvorlage löschen -- 6.4 Dokumentvorlagen -- 6.4.1 Das Mysterium Normal.dot/m/x -- 6.4.2 Formatvorlagen wiederverwenden -- 6.5 Formatfehler finden -- 6.5.1 Formatierungen analysieren und vergleichen -- 6.5.2 Automatische Formatierungsüberwachung -- 6.5.3 Der Formatinspektor -- Teil II: Word ist keine Schreibmaschine -- Kapitel 7: Text eingeben und bearbeiten -- 7.1 Text eingeben -- 7.2 Text bearbeiten -- 7.2.1 Steuerzeichen anzeigen lassen -- 7.2.2 Text ändern -- 7.3 Interpunktion -- 7.3.1 Die Satzzeichen -- 7.3.2 Leerzeichen, aber wo und welche? -- 7.3.3 Striche - verbindend und trennend -- 7.3.4 Problemfall Apostroph -- 7.3.5 Anführungszeichen -- 7.4 Zahlen -- 7.4.1 Zahlwörter bis zwölf -- 7.4.2 Zahlenbreiten und -abstände -- 7.4.3 Die Tausender-Trennung -- 7.4.4 Brüche -- 7.4.5 Englische Ordinalzahlen -- 7.5 Sonderzeichen -- 7.5.1 Das große Eszett -- 7.5.2 Sonderzeichen per Tastatur -- 7.5.3 Sonderzeichen per Symbolauswahl -- 7.5.4 Sonderzeichen per Zahlencode -- 7.5.5 Sonderzeichen per AutoKorrektur -- 7.5.6 Sonderzeichen per Mathematischer AutoKorrektur -- 7.6 Zeichenkombinationen -- 7.6.1 Diakritische Zeichen -- 7.6.2 Zeichenkombinationen der Mathematischen AutoKorrektur -- 7.6.3 Zeichenkombination per Feldfunktion -- Kapitel 8: Navigieren und markieren -- 8.1 Im Text navigieren -- 8.1.1 Bildlauftasten und Bildlaufleiste verwenden -- 8.1.2 Den Navigationsbereich nutzen -- 8.1.3 Die Navigationswerkzeuge einsetzen -- 8.1.4 Rücksprung zum Bearbeitungspunkt -- 8.2 Text markieren -- 8.2.1 Text markieren mit der Tastatur -- 8.2.2 Speziell: Markieren im Markierungsmodus -- 8.2.3 Text markieren mit der Maus -- 8.2.4 Text markieren auf dem Tablet -- 8.2.5 Markierung aufheben -- 8.3 Text verschieben und kopieren -- 8.3.1 Verschieben strukturierter Texte -- 8.3.2 Text umstrukturieren -- Kapitel 9: Zeilen und Absätze -- 9.1 Zeilenumbruch und Silbentrennung -- 9.1.1 Silbentrennung vorgeben mit Trennfugen -- 9.1.2 Silbentrennung unterdrücken -- 9.1.3 Trennfugen an Sonderzeichen -- 9.2 Zeilenabstände -- 9.3 Text drehen -- 9.4 Absätze -- 9.4.1 Durchschuss zwischen Absätzen -- 9.4.2 Absatzeinzüge -- 9.4.3 Absätze durch Linien trennen -- 9.5 Absatzausrichtung -- 9.5.1 Blocksatz -- 9.5.2 Zentrierter Text -- 9.5.3 Rechtsbündig -- 9.6 Tabulatoren -- 9.6.1 Eigene Tabulatoren einrichten -- 9.6.2 Tabulatoren ändern -- 9.6.3 Tabulatoren mit der Maus bearbeiten -- 9.7 Absätze vor Umbruch bewahren -- 9.7.1 Überschriften am Folgetext halten -- 9.7.2 Seitenumbruch im Absatz vermeiden -- Kapitel 10: Text importieren und anpassen -- 10.1 Vorsorge bei E-Mail-Anhängen und Download

Note: Contents Chapter 1 Introdution Chapter 2 Origins Building a Planet, Shaping the Oceans Water, Salt, and Circulation Life, Oxygen, and Carbon Chapter 3 Controls On change Orbital and Solar Changes Greenhouse Gases Plate Tectonics Impacts Chapter 4 Snowball earth and the explosions of life Into the Freezer Out of the Freezer, Into a Greenhouse A Tale of Two Explosions Reverberations Chapter 5 Oceans On acid About Acidification Acidification in Action Chapter 6 The age of reptiles Choking Oceans Salty Giants Chapter 7 Winter is coming Reconstructing Sea-Level Change The Great Northern Ice Ages Ocean Controls on CO2 A Seesaw in the Ocean Chapter 8 Future Oceans and climate Our Carbon Emissions Consequences Epilogue Acknowledgments Bibliography Index

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort zur Reihe Vorwort Einleitung 1 Begriffskontexte 1.1 Information 1.2 Wissen 1.3 Kompetenz 1.4 Lernen / Aneignung 1.4.1 Einführung 1.4.2 Lerntheorien 1.4.3 Lebenslanges und selbstgesteuertes Lernen 1.4.4 Lernstile und Lerntypen 1.4.5 Lernraum 1.4.6 Kontextualisierungen 1.5 Lehren / Vermittlung / Didaktisches Handeln 1.5.1 Einführung 1.5.2 Didaktische Theorien, Modelle und Konzepte 1.5.3 Lernbegleitung / Lernberatung 1.5.4 Kontextualisierungen 1.6 Bildung 1.7 Zusammenfassung 2 Lernwelten im Wandel 2.1 Einführung 2.2 Begriffskontexte Lernwelten 2.3 Hochschulen und Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken 2.3.1 Überblick 2.3.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.3.3 Raumkonzepte 2.3.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.3.5 Zusammenfassung 2.4 öffentliche Bibliotheken 2.4.1 Überblick 2.4.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.4.3 Raumkonzepte 2.4.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.4.5 Zusammenfassung 2.5 Erwachsenenbildung / Weiterbildung 2.5.1 Überblick 2.5.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.5.3 Raumkonzepte 2.5.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.5.5 Zusammenfassung 2.6 Bildungs- und Kulturzentren - Learning Centres 2.6.1 Überblick 2.6.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.6.3 Raumkonzepte 2.6.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.6.5 Zusammenfassung 3 Zukünftige Perspektiven 3.1 Wandlungsprozesse 3.1.1 Herausforderungen 3.1.2 Vom Produkt zum Prozess 3.1.3 Vom Lehren zum Lernen 3.1.4 Vom Konsum zur Produktion 3.1.5 Von der Lehrumgebung zur Lernumgebung 3.1.6 Von der Addition zur Integration 3.2 Optionsraum Lebenslanges Lernen 3.2.1 Herausforderungen 3.2.2 Angebotsentwicklung 3.2.3 Lernraumentwicklung 3.2.4 Organisationsentwicklung 3.2.5 Kooperationsentwicklung 3.2.6 Stadt- / Regionalentwicklung 3.2.7 Perspektiven Literatur Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Zum Autor Register

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Das Dilemma 1.1 Die Welt verändert sich 1.2 Die Organisation im gesellschaftlichen Wandel 1.3 Teilzeit-Führung als Herausforderung 1.4 Psychologische Aspekte 1.4.1 Psychologische Modelle und Theorien 1.4.2 Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und Resilienz 1.4.3 Selbstcoaching 1.5 Betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte (Makroebene) Literatur 2 Das Umfeld 2.1 Der Übergang zur Teilzeit-Führung braucht Instabilität 2.2 Digitalisierung 2.3 Agilität; Das Serum-Prinzip Literatur 3 Die Führung 3.1 Historische Modelle und aktueller Status 3.2 Neue Führung braucht neue Führungstypen (np-Studie) 3.2.1 Fünf Führungstypen 3.2.2 Roadmap für die Entwicklung „guter Führung“ 3.3 Arbeitskultur im Wandel 3.4 Führung in Vernetzung und Komplexität Literatur 4 Kultur in ihren unterschiedlichen Facetten 4.1 Kultur als Begriff 4.2 Untemehmenskultur 4.3 Wie sieht eine (Organisations-) Kultur für Teilzeit-Führung aus? Literatur 5 Die Theorie (der Teilzeit-Führung) 5.1 Arbeitszeit wird kein Frauenthema bleiben 5.2 Teilzeit-Führung - eine Begriffsdefinition 5.3 Aktueller Forschungsstand 5.4 Modelle der Teilzeit-Führung 5.4.1 Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.4.2 Kadermodell 5.4.3 Top Sharing 5.4.4 Job/Top Splitting 5.5 Erfolgreiche Ansätze zur Teilzeit-Führung in ausgewählten Unternehmen 5.5.1 elbdudler GmbH - Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.5.2 DATEV eG - Diverse Modelle der Teilzeit-Führung 5.5.3 Commerzbank AG - Top Sharing 5.5.4 Robert Bosch GmbH - Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.5.5 Trumpf GmbH & Co. KG - Teilzeit Invest 5.6 Erfolgsfaktoren der Teilzeit-Führung 5.7 Grenzen der Führung in Teilzeit Literatur 6 Generation Y - Neue Ansprüche an Führungskräfte und Arbeitgeber 6.1 Jede Generation hat eigene Merkmale 6.2 Erwartungen an einen Arbeitgeber 6.3 Anforderungen an Arbeitszeitmodelle Literatur 7 Die Methode 7.1 Systemaufstellung: Alles Humbug oder nützliches Instrument? 7.1.1 Vorbereitung und Ausgangspunkt 7.1.2 Phase 1: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption prototypisch 7.1.3 Phase 2: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption in einem mittelständischen Maschinenbauuntemehmen 7.1.4 Phase 3: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption in Schweden 7.2 Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse Literatur 8 Die Herausforderung 8.1 Kultur sichtbar machen 8.1.1 Das Interview- und Analysewerkzeug „nextexpertizer“ 8.1.2 Die vierstündige Übung von Ed Schein 8.2 Führungsverständnis reflektieren 8.3 Wie wir reden und was wir meinen (Kommunikation und Betriebsklima) 8.3.1 Vertrauen 8.3.2 Lösungsorientierung 8.3.3 Metakommunikation 8.3.4 Besprechungsroutinen 8.4 Organisationsstruktur unter die Lupe nehmen 8.5 Kreativität ins Unternehmen bringen 8.6 Die Personalabteilung aufmöbeln (HR 2020) 8.6.1 Hürden überwinden 8.6.2 Pilotprojekte - wer nicht wagt 8.6.3 Beteiligte bestärken und beraten Literatur 9 Die Lösung 9.1 Das Projekt „Augenhöhe" 9.2 Buurtzorg 9.3 Voraussetzungen für Teilzeit-Führung schaffen 9.4 Kollektive Lösungsfindung 9.4.1 Open Space 9.4.2 nextmoderator® 9.5 Vertrauen schaffen 9.6 Mut zur Entscheidung Literatur 10 Der Ausblick Sachverzeichnis

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents 1 Introduction References Part I Molecular Stress Physiology 2 General Themes of Molecular Stress Physiology 2.1 Definitions and Concepts 2.1.1 Stress 2.1.2 Quantification of Stress 2.1.3 Escape–Resistance–Avoidance–Tolerance 2.1.4 Stress Responses–Acclimation–Adaptation 2.1.5 Filters Determining Species Distribution 2.2 Activation of Stress Tolerance and Avoidance Mechanisms 2.2.1 Stress Sensing and Signal Transduction 2.2.2 Transcriptional Control 2.2.3 Oxidative Stress 2.2.4 Long-Distance Stress Signalling 2.2.5 The Model System Arabidopsis thaliana 2.3 Stress and Growth Regulation 2.4 Molecular Basis of Escape and Anticipation of Stress 2.4.1 Circadian Rhythms 2.4.2 Anticipation of Seasonal Changes in Environmental Conditions 2.4.3 Developmental Switches Triggered by Favourable Conditions 2.4.4 Trans-Generational Stress Memory Summary References 3 Light 3.1 The Dual Significance of Light 3.2 Visible Light 3.2.1 Avoidance of Light Stress and Permanent or Dynamic Acclimation 3.2.2 Overexcitation and Damage to Photosynthetic Membranes. 3.2.3 Flexible Acclimation to Changes in Light Intensity 3.2.4 Continuous Light 3.2.5 Light Triggers Plant Adaptation and Acclimation to the Environment 3.3 UV-B Radiation 3.3.1 Ranges of Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Activity 3.3.2 Ultraviolet-B Damage and Repair Mechanisms 3.3.3 Avoidance of Ultraviolet-B-Induced Stress 3.3.4 Ultraviolet-B Perception and Signalling 3.3.5 Crosstalk Between Ultraviolet-B and Visible Light Responses Summary References 4 Temperature 4.1 The Temperature Challenge 4.1.1 Temperature Dependence of Life 4.1.2 Plants as Poikilothermic Organisms 4.1.3 Variations in Temperature Range 4.1.4 Strategies to Cope with Temperature Fluctuations and Temperature Extremes 4.2 Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance 4.2.1 Adjustment of Membrane Fluidity 4.2.2 Prevention of Photoinhibition 4.2.3 Cryoprotective Proteins 4.2.4 Control of Ice Formation 4.2.5 Signalling Networks Involved in Cold Acclimation 4.2.6 Freezing Avoidance and Freezing Tolerance in Tropical High Mountain Plants 4.3 Heat Stress 4.3.1 Heat Stress Avoidance 4.3.2 Acquired Thermotolerance 4.3.3 The Heat Shock Response 4.4 Temperature Sensing 4.4.1 Sensing of Extreme Temperatures 4.4.2 Sensing of Ambient Temperature Changes Summary References 5 Oxygen Deficiency 5.1 Conditions of Flooded Soil 5.2 Hypoxia-Induced Damage: Energy Metabolism of Plants Under Oxygen Deficiency 5.3 Natural Variation in the Ability to Endure Inundation by Water 5.4 Adaptations to Flooding-Prone Habitats 5.4.1 Anatomical–Morphological Adaptations and Modifications 5.4.2 Biochemical Modifications 5.5 Sensing of Flooding and Ensuing Signal Transduction 5.5.1 Ethylene Signal Transduction 5.5.2 Oxygen Sensing 5.6 Regulation of Avoidance and Tolerance Strategies Summary References 6 Water Deficiency (Drought) 6.1 The Properties of Water 6.2 Water Acquisition and Movement: Cellular Aspects 6.2.1 The Water Potential 6.2.2 Facilitation of Intercellular and Intracellular Water Flow: Aquaporins 6.3 Drought Stress Responses: Avoidance and Tolerance 6.3.1 Control of the Osmotic Potential 6.3.2 Protective Proteins 6.3.3 Regulation of the Stomatal Aperture 6.4 Acclimation of Growth 6.4.1 Inhibition of Shoot Growth 6.4.2 Stimulation of Root Growth 6.5 Sensing of Water Status and Signal Transduction 6.5.1 Sensing of Water Status 6.5.2 ABA Signal Transduction 6.5.3 ABA-Independent Signalling 6.6 Photosynthesis Variants with Improved Water Use Efficiency 6.6.1 C4 Photosynthesis 6.6.2 Evolution of C 4 Photosynthesis 6.6.3 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 6.6.4 Evolution of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Photosynthesis Summary References 7 Adverse Soil Mineral Availability 7.1 Mineral Nutrients 7.2 The Mineral Nutrition Challenge 7.2.1 Elements in the Soil 7.2.2 Element Toxicity 7.3 Nutrient Acquisition and Responses to Nutrient Scarcity 7.3.1 Modulation of Nutrient Availability 7.3.2 Cellular Ion Transport Mechanisms 7.3.3 Modulation of Nutrient Uptake in Response to Deficiency 7.3.4 Intracellular Transport and Cellular Aspects of Long-Distance Transport 7.3.5 Plasticity of Root Architecture and Responses to Nutrient Deficiency 7.3.6 Sensing of Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Status . 7.4 Nutrient Acquisition Symbioses 7.4.1 Mycorrhizae 7.4.2 Nitrogen Fixation 7.4.3 The Common Sym Pathway 7.5 Responses to Element Toxicity and Tolerance Mechanisms 7.5.1 Essential Metal Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.2 Metal Hyperaccumulators as Models for Adaptation to Extreme Environments 7.5.3 Sodium Toxicity 7.5.4 Aluminium Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.5 Non-Essential Toxic Metals Summary References 8 Biotic Stress 8.1 Plant Disease Caused by Pathogens 8.1.1 Types of Pathogens: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Oomycetes and Nematodes 8.1.2 Pathogenicity Mechanisms 8.2 Plant Defences Against Microbial Pathogens and Viruses 8.2.1 Preformed Defences Against Bacteria, Fungi and Oomycetes 8.2.2 Inducible Local Defences 8.2.3 Inducible Systemic Resistance 8.2.4 Defence Against Viruses via Gene Silencing 8.3 Herbivory 8.3.1 Constitutive Defences 8.3.2 Inducible Defences Against Herbivores 8.3.3 How Plant–Herbivore Interactions Drive Genetic Diversity 8.4 Parasitic Plants 8.5 Allelopathy Summary References Part II Physiological and Biophysical Plant Ecology 9 Thermal Balance of Plants and Plant Communities 9.1 Energy Balance of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 9.2 Microclimate Near the Ground Surface 9.2.1 Daily Changes in Temperature Near the Ground 9.2.2 Modification of Environmental Radiation and Temperature by Abiotic Factors 9.2.3 Modification of the Radiation Budget and Temperature by Biotic Factors 9.3 Energy Balance of Leaves 9.4 Acclimation and Adaptation to Temperature Extremes 9.4.1 Acclimation and Adaptation to High Temperatures 9.4.2 Acclimation and Adaptation to Low Temperatures Summary References 10 Water Relations 10.1 Water as an Environmental Factor 10.1.1 Water Use by Plants and Animals 10.1.2 Availability of Water on Earth 10.1.3 Drivers of Water Flow Between the Soil and the Atmosphere 10.2 Water Transport from the Soil to the Plant 10.2.1 Water Uptake 10.2.2 Xylem Water Transport 10.2.3 Phloem Water Transport 10.3 Transpiration 10.3.1 Stomatal Responses to Plant-Internal Factors 10.3.2 Stomatal Responses to Environmental Factors Summary References 11 Nutrient Relations 11.1 Availability of Soil Nutrients and Ion Use 11.1.1 Plant Nutrients 11.1.2 Availability of Nutrients in Soil 11.1.3 General Aspects of Plant Nutrition 11.1.4 Nutrient Deficiency and Excess 11.2 Nitrogen Nutrition 11.2.1 Nitrogen in Plant Metabolism 11.2.2 Nitrogen Uptake and Nutrition 11.2.3 Nitrogen Requirements for Growth 11.2.4 Nitrogen Storage 11.2.5 Insectivorous Plants 11.2.6 Nitrogen Deficiency and Excess 11.3 Sulphur Nutrition 11.3.1 Sulphur in Plant Metabolism 11.3.2 Sulphur Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.3.3 Indicators of Sulphur Deficiency and Excess 11.4 Phosphate Nutrition 11.4.1 Phosphorus in Plant Metabolism 11.4.2 Phosphate Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.4.3 Indicators of Phosphorus Deficiency and Excess 11.5 Alkaline Cation Nutrition 11.5.1 Magnesium 11.5.2 Calcium 11.5.3 Potassium Summary References 12 Carbon Relations 12.1 Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake: Physiological and Physical Basis 12.1.1 Photosynthesis as a Diffusion Process 12.1.2 Evolution of C 3, C4 and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Species 12.2 Photosynthesis Models and Calculation of 13C/12C Fluxes (Contribution by A. Arneth) 12.2.1 RubisCO-Limited or RuBP-Saturated Rate (Av) 12.2.2 RuBP Regeneration–Dependent and Electron Transport–Limiting Rate (Aj) 12.2.3 Supply of CO 2 Through Stomata 12.2.4 13C/12C Discrimination 12.3 Specific Leaf Area, Nitrogen Concentrations and Photosynthetic Capacity 12.3.1 Specific Leaf Area 12.3.2 Maximum Rates of CO2 Assimilation 12.4 Response of Photosynthesis to Environmental Variables 12.4.1 Light Response of CO 2 Assimilation 12.4.2 Temperature Response of CO2 Assimilation 12.4.3 Relative Air Humidi

Note: Contents Introduction 1 An Introduction to the Research on Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Covadonga Orejas and Carlos Jiménez Part I Past 2 Paleoecology of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Marco Taviani, Agostina Vertino, Lorenzo Angeletti, Paolo Montagna, and Alessandro Remia 3 Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean: A History of Discovery / Julian Evans, Leyla Knittweis, Joseph A. Borg, and Patrick J. Schembri 4 A Turbulent Story: Mediterranean Contourites and Cold-Water Corals / Michele Rebesco and Marco Taviani 5 Messinian Salinity Crisis: What Happened to Cold-Water Corals? / André Freiwald 6 Did Quaternary Climate Fluctuations Affect Mediterranean Deep-Sea Coral Communities? / Agostina Vertino and Cesare Corselli 7 A Deglacial Cold-Water Coral Boom in the Alborán Sea: From Coral Mounds and Species Dominance / Claudia Wienberg 8 Highly Variable Submarine Landscapes in the Alborán Sea Created by Cold-Water Corals / Dierk Hebbeln 9 Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Agostina Vertino, Marco Taviani, and Cesare Corselli 10 Bathyal Corals Within the Aegean Sea and the Adjacent Hellenic Trench / Jürgen Titschack 11 Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals as Paleoclimate Archives / Paolo Montagna and Marco Taviani 12 Tomography of Cold-Water Corals-Bearing Cores / Lorenzo Angeletti, Matteo Bettuzzi, and Maria Pia Morigi 13 Changing Views About Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Marco Taviani Part II Present 14 Taxonomy, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mediterranean Deep-Sea Corals and Cold-Water Corals / Alvaro Altuna and Angelo Poliseno 15 Habitat Mapping of Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean Sea / Claudio Lo Iacono, Alessandra Savini, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, and Eulàlia Gràcia 16 Cold-Water Coral Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean Sea: Methodologies and Perspectives / Lorenzo Angeletti, Annaëlle Bargain, Elisabetta Campiani, Federica Foglini, Valentina Grande, Elisa Leidi, Alessandra Mercorella, Mariacristina Prampolini, and Marco Taviani 17 Working with Visual Methods, Comparison Among the French Deep-Sea Canyons / Maïa Fourt, Adrien Goujard, and Pierre Chevaldonné 18 Review of the Circulation and Characteristics of Intermediate Water Masses of the Mediterranean: Implications for Cold-Water Coral Habitats / Daniel R. Hayes, Katrin Schroeder, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Pierre Testor, Laurent Mortier, Anthony Bosse, and Xavier du Madron 19 Occurrence and Biogeography of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Giovanni Chimienti, Marzia Bo, Marco Taviani, and Francesco Mastrototaro 20 Gorgonian and Black Coral Assemblages in Deep Coastal Bottoms and Continental Shelves of the Mediterranean Sea / Andrea Gori, Jordi Grinyó, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Stefano Ambroso, Pablo J. López-González, Josep-Maria Gili, Giorgio Bavestrello, and Marzia Bo 21 Mediterranean Black Coral Communities / Marzia Bo and Giorgio Bavestrello 22 Recent Discoveries of Extensive Cold-Water Coral Assemblages in Maltese Waters / Leyla Knittweis, Julian Evans, Ricardo Aguilar, Helena Álvarez, Joseph A. Borg, Silvia García, and Patrick J. Schembri 23 Corals of Aphrodite: Dendrophyllia ramea Populations of Cyprus / Covadonga Orejas, Carlos Jiménez, Andrea Gori, Jesús Rivera, Claudio Lo Iacono, Didier Aurelle, Louis Hadjioannou, Antonis Petrou, and Katerina Achilleos 24 Cold-Water Corals in Fluid Venting Submarine Structures / Desirée Palomino, José Luis Rueda, Juan Tomás Vázquez, Javier Urra, Olga Sánchez-Guillamón, Emilio González-García, Nieves López-González, and Luis Miguel Fernández-Salas 25 Cold-Water Corals and Mud Volcanoes: Life on a Dynamic Substrate / Andres Rüggeberg and Anneleen Foubert 26 Occurrence of Living Cold-Water Corals at Large Depths Within Submarine Canyons of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea / Anna Aymà, Jacopo Aguzzi, Miquel Canals, Joan Batista Company, Galderic Lastras, Ariadna Mecho, and Claudio Lo Iacono 27 Submarine Canyons in the Mediterranean: A Shelter for Cold-Water Corals / Pere Puig and Josep-Maria Gili 28 A Cold-Water Coral Habitat in La Fonera Submarine Canyon, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea / Galderic Lastras, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, and Miquel Canals 29 Cold-Water Coral Associated Fauna in the Mediterranean Sea and Adjacent Areas / José L. Rueda, Javier Urra, Ricardo Aguilar, Lorenzo Angeletti, Marzia Bo, Cristina García-Ruiz, Manuel M. González-Duarte, Eduardo López, Teresa Madurell, Manuel Maldonado, Ángel Mateo-Ramírez, César Megina, Juan Moreira, Francina Moya, Lais V. Ramalho, Antonietta Rosso, Cèlia Sitjà, and Marco Taviani 30 Cold-Water Corals as Shelter, Feeding and Life-History Critical Habitats for Fish Species: Ecological Interactions and Fishing Impact / Gianfranco D’Onghia 31 Past, Present and Future Connectivity of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Patterns, Drivers and Fate in a Technically and Environmentally Changing World / Joana Boavida, Ronan Becheler, Anna Maria Addamo, Florent Sylvestre, and Sophie Arnaud-Haond 32 Desmophyllum dianthus Genetics and More / Anna Maria Addamo 33 Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Cold Water Corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata / Markus G. Weinbauer, Davide Oregioni, Anne Großkurth, Marie-Emanuelle Kerros, Tilmann Harder, Michael DuBow, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Cornelia Maier 34 Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata: An Archaea Riddle? / Markus G. Weinbauer, Davide Oregioni, and Cornelia Maier 35 Biology and Ecophysiology of Mediterranean Cold–Water Corals / Stéphanie Reynaud and Christine Ferrier-Pagès 36 Growth Patterns of Mediterranean Calcifying Cold-Water Corals / Franck Lartaud, Vincent Mouchi, Leïla Chapron, Anne-Leïla Meistertzheim, and Nadine Le Bris 37 Demography and Conservation of Deep Corals: The Study of Population Structure and Dynamics / Lorenzo Bramanti, Giovanni Santangelo, Maria Carla Benedetti, Mimmo Iannelli, and Katell Guizien 38 Cold-Water Coral in Aquaria: Advances and Challenges. A Focus on the Mediterranean / Covadonga Orejas, Marco Taviani, Stefano Ambroso, Vasilis Andreou, Meri Bilan, Marzia Bo, Sandra Brooke, Paal Buhl-Mortensen, Erik Cordes, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Antonio Godinho, Andrea Gori, Jordi Grinyó, Cristina Gutiérrez-Zárate, Sebastian Hennige, Carlos Jiménez, Ann I. Larsson, Franck Lartaud, Jay Lunden, Cornelia Maier, Sandra R. Maier, Juancho Movilla, Fiona Murray, Erwan Peru, Autun Purser, Maria Rakka, Stéphanie Reynaud, J. Murray Roberts, Pedro Siles, Susanna M. Strömberg, Laurenz Thomsen, Dick van Oevelen, Alfredo Veiga, and Marina Carreiro-Silva 39 Approaching Cold-Water Corals to the Society: Novel Ways to Transfer Knowledge / Sergio Rossi and Covadonga Orejas Part III Future 40 Perspectives of Biophysical Modelling with Implications on Biological Connectivity of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Matthew W. Johnston and Ann I. Larsson 41 The Interface Between Tectonic Evolution and Cold-Water Coral Dynamics in the Mediterranean / Rinus Wortel and Paul Meijer 42 The Mediterranean Is Getting Saltier: From the Past to the Future / Nikolaos Skliris 43 The Spread of Non-indigenous Species in the Mediterranean – A Threat to Cold-Water Corals? / Bella S. Galil 44 Fate of Mediterranean Scleractinian Cold-Water Corals as a Result of Global Climate Change. A Synthesis / Cornelia Maier, Markus G. Weinbauer, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso 45 A Case Study: Variability in the Calcification Response of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals to Ocean Acidification / Juancho Movilla 46 Conservation of Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean: Current Status and Future Prospects for Improvement / Maria del Mar Otero and Pilar Marin Species Index Subject Index

Note: Contents 1 The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II / Iain J. Gordon and Herbert H. T. Prins 2 The Palaeontology of Browsing and Grazing / Juha Saarinen 3 The Paleoecological Impact of Grazing and Browsing: Consequences of the Late Quaternary Large Herbivore Extinctions / John Rowan and J. T. Faith 4 Morphological and Physiological Adaptations for Browsing and Grazing / Daryl Codron, Reinhold R. Hofmann, and Marcus Clauss 5 Feeding Ecology of Large Browsing and Grazing Herbivores / Jan A. Venter, Mika M. Vermeulen, and Christopher F. Brooke 6 Population Dynamics of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates in the Anthropocene / Christian Kiffner and Derek E. Lee 7 Community Dynamics of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Charudutt Mishra, Munib Khanyari, Herbert H. T. Prins, and Kulbhushansingh R. Suryawanshi 8 Weather and Climate Impacts on Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Randall B. Boone 9 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Soil Biota and Nutrient Dynamics / Judith Sitters and Walter S. Andriuzzi 10 Effects of Grazing and Browsing on Tropical Savanna Vegetation / Frank van Langevelde, Claudius A. D. M. van de Vijver, Herbert H. T. Prins, and Thomas A. Groen 11 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Plant Characteristics and Dynamics / Autumn E. Sabo 12 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Faunal Biodiversity / Krisztián Katona and Corli Coetsee 13 Interactions Between Fire and Herbivory: Current Understanding and Management Implications / Izak P. J. Smit and Corli Coetsee 14 Managing Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Richard W. S. Fynn, David J. Augustine, and Samuel D. Fuhlendorf 15 The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa / Iain J. Gordon, Herbert H. T. Prins, Jordan Mallon, Laura D. Puk, Everton B. P. Miranda, Carolina Starling-Manne, René van der Wal, Ben Moore, William Foley, Lucy Lush, Renan Maestri, Ikki Matsuda, and Marcus Clauss 16 Browsers and Grazers Drive the Dynamics of Ecosystems / Iain J. Gordon and Herbert H. T. Prins Index

Note: Contents The Tyrrhenian Continent Ragmentation / Al. A. Schreider, A. A. Schreider, and A. E. Sazhneva Long Waves Influence on Polarization Ratio for Microwave Backscattering from the Sea Surface / Alexandr Zapevalov Elimination of Hydrocarbons Spills on Water Objects and Fluorescent Diagnostics of Water Pureness / T. O. Chaplina and E. V. Stepanova Investigations of Internal Waves in the Seas of Russia and in the Central Atlantic / K. S. Grigorenko and S. M. Khartiev Critically Stressed Fractures and Their Relation to Elastic Moduli / Nikita Vladislavovich Dubinya and Ilya Vladimirovich Fokin Mechanical Properties of Thin Films of Coals by Nanoindentation / Elena Kossovich, Svetlana Epshtein, Nadezhda Dobryakova, Maxim Minin, and Darya Gavrilova Using the Variational Approach and Adjoint Equations Method Under the Identification of the Input Parameter of the Passive Admixture Transport Model / Sergey Germanovich Demyshev, Vladimir Sergeevich Kochergin, and Sergey Vladimirovich Kochergin Mechanisms Accounting for Interannual Variability of Advective Heat Transport in the North Atlantic Upper Layer / A. B. Polonsky and P. A. Sukhonos Convective Jets: Volcanic Activity and Turbulent Mixing in the Boundary Layers of the Atmosphere and Ocean / Alexander Vulfson, Oleg Borodin, and Petr Nikolaev Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Formation Fluid Composition Influence on Filtration and Elastic Properties of Porous Media / Daniil Karmanskiy and Andrey Maltsev Synchronous Changes of Geophysical Fields in the Earth’s Near-Surface Zone / Svetlana Riabova and Alexander Spivak Vertical Mass Transport by Weakly Nonlinear Inertia-Gravity Internal Waves / A. A. Slepyshev and D. I. Vorotnikov Field Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Wind-Wave Interaction at the Middle-Sized Inland Reservoirs / G. A. Baydakov, A. M. Kuznetsova, V. V. Papko, A. A. Kandaurov, M. I. Vdovin, D. A. Sergeev, and Yu. I. Troitskaya Multidecadal Variability of Hydro-Thermodynamic Characteristics and Heat Fluxes in North Atlantic / N. A. Diansky and P. A. Sukhonos Reconstruction of Hydrophysical Fields in the Coastal Region of the Black Sea on the Basis of Hydrodynamic Model with Assimilation of Observational Data / Demyshev Sergei and Evstigneeva Natalia The Vertical Turbulent Exchange Features in the Black Sea Active Layer / A. S. Samodurov and A. M. Chukharev Model of Oscillations of Earth’s Poles Based on Gravitational Tides / S. A. Kumakshev Laboratory Modeling of Ring Geophysical Structures / B. Shvilkin Principles of Controlling the Apparatus Function for Achieving Super-Resolution in Imagers / E. N. Terentiev, N. E. Terentiev, and I. I. Farshakova A Regular System of Vortices in a Circular Stratified Flow Behind the Edge of a Rotating Disk / Roman N. Bardakov Comparison of Empirical Sea-Surface Slopes Probability Densities for the Purposes of Satellite Sounding / Nick Evgenievich Lebedev and Alexandr Sergeevich Zapevalov Mathematical Modeling of Thermomechanical Behavior of Porous Impermeable Medium with Active Filler / M. V. Alekseev, E. B. Savenkov, and N. G. Sudobin Evaluation of the Temporal Dynamics of Oceanic Eddies with Initial Peripheral Rate Shift / Alexander Aleхeyevich Solovyev and Dmitry Alexandrovich Solovyev Reservoir Proxy Model as a Part of Geo-Technological Model of Gas Fields and Underground Gas Storages / Sergey A. Kirsanov, Andrey V. Chugunov, Oleg S. Gatsolaev, Yan S. Chudin, Ivan А. Fedorov, Aleksey A. Kontarev, and Alexandra P. Popovich Understanding of Rock Material Behavior Under Dynamic Loadings Based on Incubation Time Criteria Approach / A. N. Martemyanov and Yu. V. Petrov Analytical Research of Character of Relative Permeability Function Under Unsteady Two-Phase Filtration / D. U. Semiglasov and V. M. Maximov Estimation of the Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Rate in the Laboratory Experiment / M. Trimonova, E. Zenchenko, N. Baryshnikov, S. Turuntaev, P. Zenchenko, and A. Aigozhieva Paleomagnetism of Some Basalts Samples from the Red Sea Rift Zone / V. I. Maksimochkin and L. R. Preobrazhenskii Influence of Hydrodynamic Perturbations on Dispersion Characteristics of a Near-Water Aerosol / V. N. Nosov, S. G. Ivanov, V. I. Pogonin, V. I. Timonin, N. A. Zavyalov, E. A. Zevakin, and A. S. Savin A Comparative Analysis of Optical Methods for Detection and Prediction of Radionuclides Migration in the Geosphere / B. P. Yakimov, G. S. Budylin, V. G. Petrov, V. V. Fadeev, S. N. Kalmykov, S. A. Evlashin, and E. A. Shirshin Advanced Procedure for Estimation of Phytoplankton Fluorescence Quantum Yield Using Remote Sensing Data: A Comparative Study of the Amundsen Sea Polynyas / Elena E. Nikonova, Evgeny A. Shirshin, Victor V. Fadeev, and Maxim Y. Gorbunov The Exact Mathematical Models of Nonlinear Surface Waves / Anatoly Kistovich Numerical Analysis and Prediction of the Consequences of Natural and Technological Impacts in Coastal Areas of the Azov Sea / T. Ya. Shul’ga, S. M. Khartiev, and A. R. Ioshpa The Problem of Forecasting of Vertical Temperature Distribution in Inland Hydrophysical Objects with Experimental Data / D. Gladskikh, D. Sergeev, G. Baydakov, I. Soustova, and Yu. Troitskaya Modeling Geomechanical Processes in Oil and Gas Reservoirs at the True Triaxial Loading Apparatus / V. I. Karev, D. M. Klimov, and Yu. F. Kovalenko Modeling of Deformation and Filtration Processes Near Wells with Emphasis of their Coupling and Effects Caused by Anisotropy / V. I. Karev, D. M. Klimov, Yu. F. Kovalenko, and K. B. Ustinov Effect of a Tidal Wave Caused by Large Gliding Satellite on Formation of 220 km Seismic Boundary and Split of the Mantle into Blocks / S. Kasyanov and V. Samsonov Influence of Baroclinicity on Sea Level Oscillations in the Baltic Sea / Evgeny Zakharchuk, Natalia Tikhonova, Anatoly Gusev, and Nikolay Diansky Author Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Machine Learning in Wildlife Biology: Algorithms, Data Issues and Availability, Workflows, Citizen Science, Code Sharing, Metadata and a Brief Historical Perspective / Grant R. W. Humphries and Falk Huettmann 2 Use of Machine Learning (ML) for Predicting and Analyzing Ecological and ‘Presence Only’ Data: An Overview of Applications and a Good Outlook / Falk Huettmann, Erica H. Craig, Keiko A. Herrick, Andrew P. Baltensperger, Grant R. W. Humphries, David J. Lieske, Katharine Miller, Timothy C. Mullet, Steffen Oppel, Cynthia Resendiz, Imme Rutzen, Moritz S. Schmid, Madan K. Suwal, and Brian D. Young 3 Boosting, Bagging and Ensembles in the Real World: An Overview, some Explanations and a Practical Synthesis for Holistic Global Wildlife Conservation Applications Based on Machine Learning with Decision Trees / Falk Huettmann Part II Predicting Patterns 4 From Data Mining with Machine Learning to Inference in Diverse and Highly Complex Data: Some Shared Experiences, Intellectual Reasoning and Analysis Steps for the Real World of Science Applications / Falk Huettmann 5 Ensembles of Ensembles: Combining the Predictions from Multiple Machine Learning Methods / David J. Lieske, Moritz S. Schmid, and Matthew Mahoney 6 Machine Learning for Macroscale Ecological Niche Modeling - a Multi-Model, Multi-Response Ensemble Technique for Tree Species Management Under Climate Change / Anantha M. Prasad 7 Mapping Aboveground Biomass of Trees Using Forest Inventory Data and Public Environmental Variables within the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Brian D. Young, John Yarie, David Verbyla, Falk Huettmann, and F. Stuart Chapin III Part III Data Exploration and Hypothesis Generation with Machine Learning 8 ‘Batteries’ in Machine Learning: A First Experimental Assessment of Inference for Siberian Crane Breeding Grounds in the Russian High Arctic Based on ‘Shaving’ 74 Predictors / Falk Huettmann, Chunrong Mi, and Yumin Guo 9 Landscape Applications of Machine Learning: Comparing Random Forests and Logistic Regression in Multi-Scale Optimized Predictive Modeling of American Marten Occurrence in Northern Idaho, USA / Samuel A. Cushman and Tzeidle N. Wasserman 10 Using Interactions among Species, Landscapes, and Climate to Inform Ecological Niche Models: A Case Study of American Marten (Martes americana) Distribution in Alaska / Andrew P. Baltensperger 11 Advanced Data Mining (Cloning) of Predicted Climate-Scapes and Their Variances Assessed with Machine Learning: An Example from Southern Alaska Shows Topographical Biases and Strong Differences / Falk Huettmann 12 Using TreeNet, a Machine Learning Approach to Better Understand Factors that Influence Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States / Erica H. Craig, Tim H. Craig, and Mark R. Fuller Part IV Novel Applications of Machine Learning Beyond Species Distribution Models 13 Breaking Away from ‘Traditional’ Uses of Machine Learning: A Case Study Linking Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna griseus) and Upcoming Changes in the Southern Oscillation Index / Grant R. W. Humphries 14 Image Recognition in Wildlife Applications / Dawn R. Magness 15 Machine Learning Techniques for Quantifying Geographic Variation in Leach’s Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous) Vocalizations / Grant R. W. Humphries, Rachel T. Buxton, and Ian L. Jones Part V Implementing Machine Learning for Resource Management 16 Machine Learning for ‘Strategic Conservation and Planning’: Patterns, Applications, Thoughts and Urgently Needed Global Progress for Sustainability / Falk Huettmann 17 How the Internet Can Know What You Want Before You Do: Web-Based Machine Learning Applications for Wildlife Management / Grant R. W. Humphries 18 Machine Learning and ‘The Cloud’ for Natural Resource Applications: Autonomous Online Robots Driving Sustainable Conservation Management Worldwide? / Grant R. W. Humphries and Falk Huettmann 19 Assessment of Potential Risks from Renewable Energy Development and Other Anthropogenic Factors to Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States / Erica H. Craig, Mark R. Fuller, Tim H. Craig, and Falk Huettmann Part VI Conclusions 20 A Perspective on the Future of Machine Learning: Moving Away from ‘Business as Usual’ and Towards a Holistic Approach of Global Conservation / Grant R. W. Humphries and Falk Huettmann Index

Note: Contents Part I Historical Background of Plankton Research in the Region Overview of the History of Biological Oceanography in the Southwestern Atlantic, with Emphasis on Plankton / Demetrio Boltovskoy and Jean L. Valentin Part II Regional Settings of Productivity and Nutrient Cycling Physical Oceanography of the SW Atlantic Shelf: A Review / Alberto R. Piola, Elbio D. Palma, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Belmiro M. Castro, Marcelo Dottori, Raul A. Guerrero, Marina Marrari, Ricardo P. Matano, Osmar O. Möller Jr, and Martín Saraceno Nutrient Transport, Cycles, and Fate in Southern Brazil (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Margin) / Luis F. Niencheski Surface Macronutrient Dynamics of the Drake Passage and the Argentine Sea / Flavio E. Paparazzo and José L. Esteves Perspective: Continental Inputs of Matter into Planktonic Ecosystems of the Argentinean Continental Shelf—the Case of Atmospheric Dust / Augusto C. Crespi-Abril, Elena S. Barbieri, Leilén Gracia Villalobos, Gaspar Soria, Flavio E. Paparazzo, Joanna M. Paczkowska, and Rodrigo J. Gonçalves Overview on Primary Production in the Southwestern Atlantic / Vivian Lutz, Valeria Segura, Ana Dogliotti, Virginia Tavano, Frederico P. Brandini, Danilo L. Calliari, Aurea M. Ciotti, Virginia F. Villafañe, Irene R. Schloss, Flavia M. P. Saldanha Corrêa, Hugo Benavides, and Denise Vizziano Cantonnet Part III Plankton of Shelf and Boundary Systems Phytoplankton Assemblages of the Subtropical South West Atlantic: Composition and Dynamics in Relation to Physical and Chemical Processes / Frederico P. Brandini Community Structure and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Zooplankton in the South Brazilian Bight: A Review / Miodeli Nogueira Jr. and Frederico P. Brandini Zooplankton Communities of the Argentine Continental Shelf (SW Atlantic, ca. 34°–55°S), An Overview / Georgina D. Cepeda, Brenda Temperoni, Marina E. Sabatini, María D. Viñas, Carla M. Derisio, Betina A. Santos, Julieta C. Antacli, and Luciano N. Padovani Ecological Role of Common Appendicularian Species from Shelf Waters Off Argentina / Fabiana L. Capitanio, Mariela L. Spinelli, María L. Presta, Gastón E. Aguirre, Guillermo Cervetto, Marcelo Pájaro, and Carla M. Derisio Ichthyoplankton Associated to the Frontal Regions of the Southwestern Atlantic / Eduardo M. Acha, Martin D. Ehrlich, José H. Muelbert, Marcelo Pájaro, Daniel Bruno, Laura Machinandiarena, and Mariana Cadaveira Part IV Plankton of Coastal Systems Flagellates Versus Diatoms: Phytoplankton Trends in Tropical and Subtropical Estuarine-Coastal Ecosystems / Clarisse Odebrecht, Maria C. Villac, Paulo C. Abreu, Lumi Haraguchi, Piter D. F. Gomes, and Denise Rivera Tenenbaum Phytoplankton Patterns and Processes in a Tropical-Subtropical Transition Region: Santa Catarina Coast, Southern Brazil / Leonardo R. Rörig, Marcio da Silva Tamanaha, Graziela da Rosa Persich, Carlos A. França Schettini, and Eliane C. Truccolo Schettini Near-Surface Biogeochemistry and Phytoplankton Carbon Assimilation in the Rio de la Plata Estuary / Danilo L. Calliari, Mónica Gómez-Erache, Denise Vizziano Cantonnet, and Cecilia Alonso Satellite-Measured Phytoplankton and Environmental Factors in North Patagonian Gulfs / Gabriela N. Williams, Miriam E. Solís, and José L. Esteves Mesozooplankton Structure and Seasonal Dynamics in Three Coastal Systems of Argentina: Bahía Blanca Estuary, Pirámide Bay, and Ushuaia Bay / Anabela A. Berasategui, María C. López Abbate, Valeria C. D’Agostino, María L. Presta, Román Uibrig, Tami M. García, Eugenia Nahuelhual, Carlo J. Chazarreta, María S. Dutto, Maximiliano Garcia, Fabiana Capitanio, and Mónica S. Hoffmeyer Trophic Ecology of the White Croaker (Micropogonias furnieri Desmarest, 1823) and Rough Scad (Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920) Larvae in the Río de la Plata Estuary / Laura Rodríguez-Graña, Mario Vera, Guillermo Cervetto, and Danilo L. Calliari Part V Gelatinous Zooplankton Diversity, Species Composition and Assemblage Dynamics of Estuarine Gelatinous and Semi-Gelatinous Zooplankton from Brazil / Miodeli Nogueira Jr., Lorena Silva do Nascimento, Pedro Vieira Maciel, Sebastião Tilbert, and Lívia Dias Oliveira An Overview of the Medusozoa from the Southwestern Atlantic / Agustín Schiariti, María S. Dutto, André Carrara Morandini, Renato M. Nagata, Daiana Y. Pereyra, Francisco A. Puente Tapia, Luciana Díaz Briz, and Gabriel Genzano Part VI Harmful Algae and Their Impacts Alexandrium tamarense/catenella Blooms in the Southwestern Atlantic: Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Its Trophic Transference / Nora G. Montoya, Mario O. Carignan, and José I. Carreto Harmful Algal Blooms in the Río de la Plata Region / Silvia M. Méndez and José I. Carreto Harmful Marine Microalgae in Coastal Waters of Chubut (Patagonia, Argentina) / Alicia V. Sastre, Norma H. Santinelli, Miriam E. Solís, Laura B. Pérez, Soledad Díaz Ovejero, Leilén Gracia Villalobos, Andreana Cadaillón, and Valeria C. D’Agostino Part VII Plankton, Climate Change and Human-Induced Changes Composition and Structure of Phytoplankton Communities in Coastal Environments with Anthropogenic Disturbance (Patagonia, Argentina) / Norma H. Santinelli, Alicia V. Sastre, Mónica N. Gil, and José L. Esteves Responses of Subantarctic Marine Phytoplankton to Ozone Decrease and Increased Temperature / Marcelo P. Hernando, Gabriela Malanga, Gastón O. Almandoz, Irene R. Schloss, and Gustavo A. Ferreyra Global Change and Plankton Ecology in the Southwestern Atlantic / Elena S. Barbieri, María A. Marcoval, Rodrigo D. Hernández-Moresino, Mariela L. Spinelli, and Rodrigo J. Gonçalves Index

Note: Contents Part I Distribution and Characteristics of Arctic Ice Shelves 1 Arctic Ice Shelves: An Introduction / Julian A. Dowdeswell and Martin O. Jeffries 2 The Ellesmere Ice Shelves, Nunavut, Canada / Martin O. Jeffries 3 Eurasian Arctic Ice Shelves and Tidewater Ice Margins / Julian A. Dowdeswell 4 Greenland Ice Shelves and Ice Tongues / Niels Reeh Part II Physical Processes and Historical Changes of Arctic Ice Shelves 5 Changes in Canadian Arctic Ice Shelf Extent Since 1906 / Derek Mueller, Luke Copland, and Martin O. Jeffries 6 The Surface Mass Balance of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and Ward Hunt Ice Rise, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada / Carsten Braun 7 Holocene History of Arctic Ice Shelves / John H. England, David J.A. Evans, and Thomas R. Lakeman 8 An Overview of Paleoenvironmental Techniques for the Reconstruction of Past Arctic Ice Shelf Dynamics / Dermot Antoniades 9 Arctic Ice Shelf Ecosystems / Anne D. Jungblut, Derek Mueller, and Warwick F. Vincent Part III Arctic Ice Shelf Calving Processes and Ice Islands 10 Factors Contributing to Recent Arctic Ice Shelf Losses / Luke Copland, Colleen Mortimer, Adrienne White, Miriam Richer McCallum, and Derek Mueller 11 Ice Island Drift Mechanisms in the Canadian High Arctic / Wesley Van Wychen and Luke Copland 12 Recent Changes in Sea Ice Plugs Along the Northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago / Sierra Pope, Luke Copland, and Bea Alt 13 The Military Importance and Use of Ice Islands During the Cold War / William F. Althoff 14 Russian Drifting Stations on Arctic Ice Islands / Igor M. Belkin and Sergey A. Kessel 15 Risk Analysis and Hazards of Ice Islands / Mark Fuglem and Ian Jordaan Erratum Index

Note: Contents Part I Climatology, General Circulation, Climate Variability and Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling 1 Climatology and General Circulation 1.1 Climatology: SLP and SST 1.2 General Circulation 1.2.1 Meridional Circulation 1.2.2 Jet Formation: Thermal Wind Balance Relationship 1.2.3 Walker Circulation 2 Major Modes of Variability 2.1 Variability in the Troposphere 2.1.1 El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 2.1.2 North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) 2.1.3 Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) 2.1.4 Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) 2.1.5 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) 2.1.6 Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) 2.1.7 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) 2.2 Variability in the Stratosphere 2.2.1 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) 2.2.2 Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) Referenes 3 Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling 3.1 Background 3.2 Discussion with Schematic 3.3 Strength of Westerly: Solar Influence 3.4 Role of Zero Wind Line: QBO Influence 3.5 Sun, QBO and Polar Temperature in North Pole 3.6 Composites of Time Height Development of NAM 3.7 Annular Modes Pattern Similar 3.8 Solar Influence: Polar Vortex and Tropical Lower Stratosphere 3.9 Solar Influence: Tropical Lower Stratosphere to Troposphere References 4 Teleconnection Among Various Modes 4.1 Polar Vortex, QBO and ENSO 4.2 Polar Vortex and ENSO 4.3 ENSO and Polar Troposphere 4.4 ENSO, Polar Annular Modes and JET 4.5 ENSO Teleconnections 4.5.1 El Niño (Warm) and La Niña (Cold) Definition 4.5.2 El Niño or La Niña? 4.5.3 ENSO Seasonal Locking 4.5.4 Potential Problems with SST Data 4.5.5 Indian Summer Monsoon and Walker Circulation 4.5.6 Different Types of ENSO 4.5.7 Homogeneous Monsoon Region 4.5.8 ENSO ISM Correlation 4.5.9 SST Composites: EN vs. LN 4.5.10 ISM ENSO Teleconnection Compositing: EN vs. LN 4.5.11 Rainfall in South America ENSO (Different Types) Teleconnection 4.5.12 Summary: ENSO and Teleconnections References 5 Solar Influence Around Various Places: Robust Solar Signal on Climate 5.1 Signal on Sea Level Pressure (DJF) Using Multiple Linear Regression 5.1.1 Method of Multiple Regression Analysis 5.2 Solar Signal Around Aleutian Low (AL) and Pacific High (PH) 5.3 Solar Influence: Tropical Pacific SST 5.4 ENSO and Sun Phase Locking 5.5 Solar Signal in Tropical Pacific SST Using Compositing 5.5.1 Method of Solar Peak Year Compositing 5.6 Observation: Annual Mean Temperature References 6 Total Solar Irradiance (TSI): Measurements and Reconstructions References Part II Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling and Solar Variability 7 Ocean Coupling 7.1 Shallow Overturning Circulation 7.2 ENSO 7.2.1 ENSO, Thermocline and Upper Ocean Heat Content 7.2.2 ENSO and Delayed Oscillator Theory 7.2.3 ENSO and Shallow MOC in Tropical Pacific 7.2.4 Pycnocline Convergence vs. SST 7.2.5 Abrupt Rise in Temperature During 1977–1998 References 8 The Sun and ENSO Connection–Contradictions and Reconciliations 8.1 Solar Signal and ENSO 8.2 Contradiction (I): Solar Signal on Tropical Pacific SST-Active Solar Years and ENSO 8.3 Contradiction (II): Solar Signal on Tropical Pacific SST-El Niño or La Niña 8.4 Proposed Mechanism: Earlier Period 8.5 Proposed Mechanism: Later Period 8.6 Contradictions and Reconciliations References 9 A Debate: The Sun and the QBO 9.1 Data Analysis: Solar and QBO Separately 9.2 Polar Temperature During JF with Respect to QBO (40 hPa) and F10.7 9.3 Polar Temperature During JF for QBO (30 hPa) and F10.7 9.4 Time Series of QBO at Different Height and EOF Analysis 9.5 Combined Effects: Solar with QBO 9.6 Summary References 10 Solar Influence: ‘Top Down’ vs. ‘Bottom Up’ 10.1 Solar Influence: ‘Top Down’ 10.1.1 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Polar Vortex and Lower Stratosphere 10.1.2 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Lower Stratosphere to Troposphere 10.1.3 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Stratospheric Polar Vortex to Polar Troposphere 10.2 Solar Influence: ‘Bottom-Up’ References 11 An Overview of Solar Influence on Climate 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Methodology 11.2 Representative Results: Figure and Tables 11.3 Results Text 11.3.1 Atmosphere Only: Sun and QBO 11.3.2 Ocean (Only Pacific) and Atmosphere Coupling: Sun, QBO and ENSO 11.3.3 Atmosphere and Ocean (Only Pacific) Coupling: Sun, QBO, ENSO and Climate Change 11.4 Discussion References Part III Other Major Influences on Climate 12 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling – Possible Limitations 12.1 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling ‘Top-Down’ vs. ‘Bottom-Up’ Mechanism: a Case Study 12.2 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling – Limitations of Peak Year Compositing 12.2.1 Solar Cycle Signals in Peak Year Compositing for SLP: a Case Study 12.2.2 Solar Cycle Signals in Peak Year Compositing for Indian Summer Monsoon: a Case Study 12.3 Difference in Winter Surface Climate Between Solar Minimum and Maximum 12.4 Sun (Using SSN) and NAO in Observation Using MLR Technique 12.4.1 Sun (Using SSN) and NAO in Two Different Time Periods (1856–1977) and (1878–1997) 12.4.2 Sun (SSN) and NAO Longer Period (1870–2010) 12.4.3 Sun (SSN) and NAO Lag Relationship 12.5 AMO and PDO Relationship References 13 The Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice 13.1 Arctic Sea Ice: Last Few Years 13.2 Arctic Sea Ice: Change in 2014 13.3 Arctic Sea Ice and Solar Influence 13.4 Antarctic Sea Ice Reference 14 CMIP5 Project and Some Results 14.1 Global Climate Models (GCMs): Basic Equations 14.2 CMIP5 Project 14.3 Experiments: Historical and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) Scenarios 14.4 Some CMIP5 Models 14.5 Temperature in CMIP5 and Observation 14.6 Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and ENSO in CMIP5 Models 14.6.1 CMIP5 Models for ISM Are Performing Well 14.6.2 CMIP5 Models for ISM Not Performing Well 14.6.3 Models: CMIP5, AMIP5 and High Top, Low Top 14.6.4 Precipitation Composites- El Niño: (CMIP5 vs. AMIP5) 14.6.5 Changes in ENSO Variability 2050–2100 in CMIP3 Experiments 14.6.6 Stratospheric Features in CMIP5: Low and High Top Models 14.6.7 Simulated and Observed Stratospheric Temperature References 15 Green House Gas Warming 15.1 Laws of Radiation 15.2 Solar Radiation vs. Terrestrial Radiation 15.3 Radiation Transmitted by the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Windows 15.4 Absorption: Water Vapour and CO2 15.5 CO 2 as a Greenhouse Gas 15.6 Temperature and CO 2: 400,000 Years 15.7 Earth’s Temperature Change in the Last 2000 Years 15.8 Radiative Forcing 15.9 Global Energy Balance References 16 Volcanic Influences 16.1 Volcano Cooling Effect 16.2 Influences of Volcanic Eruption 16.3 Effect of Large Eruptions on Weather and Climate 16.4 Polar Warming Associated with Large Eruptions 16.5 Sun, Volcano and ENSO References 17 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere 17.1 Ozone Hole and Montreal Protocol 17.2 Ozone Hole Animation 17.3 Greenhouse Gases and Ozone in Model Reference 18 Influence of Various Other Solar Outputs 18.1 Mechanisms 18.2 Other Influences, e.g. Galactic Cosmic Rays 18.3 Sunspot vs. Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) References Few questions and Exercises for Students Further Reading Index

Note: Contents 1 Curves, Maps and Hotspots: The Diversity and Distribution of Araneomorph Spiders in the Neotropics / Adalberto J. Santos, Antonio D. Brescovit, Márcia de Oliveira-Tomasi, Philip Russo, and Ubirajara Oliveira 2 Behavior and Biology of Mygalomorphae / Fernando Pérez-Miles and Carlos Perafán 3 Neotropical Arachnological Collections: Basic Tools for the Development of Spider Research / Antonio D. Brescovit, Oscar Francke, Álvaro Laborda, Griselda Montiel Parra, Cristina Scioscia, Miguel Simó, and Carlos Víquez Núñez 4 Habitat Selection and Dispersal / Dinesh Rao 5 Dispersal Strategies, Genetic Diversity, and Distribution of Two Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae): Potential Bio-Indicators of Ecosystem Health of Coastal Dune Habitats of South America / Leticia Bidegaray-Batista, Miquel Arnedo, Ana Carlozzi, Carolina Jorge, Patricio Pliscoff, Rodrigo Postiglioni, Miguel Simó, and Anita Aisenberg 6 Webs: Diversity, Structure and Function / Sean J. Blamires, Shichang Zhang, and I-Min Tso 7 Spider–Plant Interactions: An Ecological Approach / João Vasconcellos-Neto, Yuri Fanchini Messas, Hebert da Silva Souza, German Antonio Villanueva-Bonila, and Gustavo Quevedo Romero 8 Spiders as Plant Partners: Complementing Ant Services to Plants with Extrafloral Nectaries / Kleber Del-Claro, Vanessa Stefani, Larissa Nahas, and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi 9 Foraging Strategies of Cursorial and Ambush Spiders / Rodrigo H. Willemart and Mariángeles Lacava 10 Trophic Niches and Trophic Adaptations of Prey-Specialized Spiders from the Neotropics: A Guide / Stano Pekár, Luis Fernando García, and Carmen Viera 11 Spiders Associated with Agroecosystems: Roles and Perspectives / Marco Antonio Benamú, Mariángeles Lacava, Luis Fernando García, Martín Santana, and Carmen Viera 12 Sexual Selection in Neotropical Spiders: Examples from Selected Groups / Luiz Ernesto Costa-Schmidt, María José Albo, Fedra Bollatti, Franco Cargnelutti, Lucía Calbacho-Rosa, Sofía Copperi, Nelson Ferretti, Matías Izquierdo, and Alfredo V. Peretti 13 Parental Care and Sociality / Carmen Viera and Ingi Agnarsson 14 Plasticity and Cognition in Spiders / Hilton F. Japyassú 15 Anti-Predator Strategies / Felipe M. Gawryszewski 16 Host Behavioural Manipulation of Spiders by Ichneumonid Wasps / Marcelo O. Gonzaga, Thiago G. Kloss, and Jober F. Sobczak

Note: Contents 1 General Chemical Concepts Introduction Periodic Table and Element Groups Chemical Bonding Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, and Kinetics Equilibrium, Steady-State, and Residence Time General Concepts of Organic Chemistry Aqueous Solubility and Polarity Diffusion and Osmotic Potential Freezing Exclusion and Concentration of Solutes Defining Dissolved and Particulate Phases SI Units and Concentrations Ionic Charge Balance Stable Isotope Chemistry 2 Soil Biogeochemistry Introduction Soil Formation and Pedogenesis Soil Classification Soil Texture and Coarse Fragments Soil Moisture Mineralogy Physical-Chemical Features of Clays and Other Soil Colloids Clay Colloids Humic Colloids Chemical Processes in Soils Ion Exchange and Adsorption in Soils Soil Ion Exchange Chemistry and Base Saturation Acidification Complexation Leaching Dissolution and Precipitation Reactions Comparative Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties Soil Exchange Chemistry Soil Distributions of Aluminum Vertical Distributions of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Soils Forms of Organic Nitrogen in Soils Patterns of Soil Solution Chemistry Integrated Processes of Nutrient Supply and Storage in Soils 3 Microbial Biogeochemistry Introduction Redox Conditions Microbial Nitrogen Transformations Nitrogen Fixation Mineralization or Ammonification Nitrogen Immobilization Nitrification Denitrification Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction Microbial Sulfur Transformations Mineralization of Organic Sulfur Anaerobic Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction Microbial Carbon Transformations Fermentation Methane Production Organic Acid Synthesis by Microbes Microbial Processes that Contribute to Bioremediation or Metal Transformations 4 Plant Biogeochemistry Introduction General Plant Chemistry Plant Functional Morphology and Growth Allocation Aboveground Structure and Function Belowground Structure and Function of the Root System Growth Allocation and Root:Shoot Relationships Carbon Fixation, Metabolism, and Plant Production Photosynthesis and Nutrients Photosynthesis and Water Respiration and Metabolism Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in a Forest Ecosystem Energy Budgets and Primary Production Whole-Plant Carbon Cycling and Allocation Metabolic Allocation to Plant Defense Plant Nutrient Cycling Plant Nutrient Absorption Implications of Nutrient Uptake for Acid-Base Chemistry Plant Transport or Translocation of Nutrients Plant Nutrient Resorption Detrital Cycling of Plant Nutrients Plant Canopy Processes Affecting Element Cycling NUE as an Index of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Nutrient Limitation Effects of Chemical Stress on Plants Effects of Acidic Deposition on Plant Membrane-Bound Calcium Aluminum Antagonism and Toxicity Stress Plant Responses to Ozone Stress 5 Cycling of Organic Matter Introduction Ecosystem Perspective Storage of Organic Matter in Forest Soils, Biomass, and Woody Debris Soil Organic Matter and Soil Carbon Storage Forest Floor Storage Turnover Rates and Age of Soil Organic Matter Reservoirs Influence of Land Management and Disturbance on SOM Aboveground and Belowground Biomass Coarse Woody Debris Transfers of Organic Matter in Detritus and Solution Aboveground Litterfall Belowground Detrital Inputs From Root Mortality and Turnover Solution Transfers of DOM Decomposition of Organic Matter General Processes of Decomposition Wood Decay Processes Decomposition Rates and Decay Constants Element Cycling Patterns in Decaying Organic Matter Substrate Controls on Decomposition Environmental Controls on Decomposition Biological Influences on Decomposition Transfers of CO2 in the Organic Matter Budget of a Forest Ecosystem 6 Atmospheric Deposition Introduction Atmospheric Chemistry Deposition Processes and Patterns Atmospheric Emissions and Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen Measurement and Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition Wet Deposition Dry Deposition Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Environmental Patterns of Precipitation Chemistry and Atmospheric Deposition Daily Patterns Monthly Patterns Multi-year Trends in Precipitation Chemistry Long-Term Historical Trends in Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury Spatial Patterns: Deposition in North America Spatial Patterns: Influence of Vegetation and Canopy Structure on Atmospheric Deposition Spatial Patterns: Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition at Different Forest Sites Modeling Atmospheric Deposition Patterns A Case Study of Deposition Inputs to a Forest Ecosystem 7 Mineral Weathering Introduction Ecosystem Context Mineral Weathering Processes Heterogeneous Mineral Weathering at Different Scales Controls on Mineral Weathering Rates Mineralogical Controls Influence of Acidity and Complexing Ligands on Weathering Rates Experimental Effects of Acidity on Weathering Rates Physical Influences on Weathering Rates Biotic Influences on Mineral Weathering Rates Influence of Mineral Dissolution on the Solution Chemistry of Natural Waters Genesis and Weathering of Clays Methods of Estimating Weathering Contributions to Ecosystem Element Budgets Mass Balance Estimation Element Tracers as Indicators of Weathering Rates Weathering Estimation with Mineral Depletion Techniques Comparison of Weathering Estimates Comparison of Weathering in Different Ecosystems 8 Watershed Hydrology Ecosystem and Landscape Perspectives Influence of Geology and Soils on Storage and Movement of Water Soil Hydrologic Properties Water Movement and Streamflow Generation in a Watershed Inferring Stream Hydrology from Stream Chemistry in Small Watersheds Water Balance of a Watershed Ecosystem Measurement Techniques for Ecosystem Water Budgets Components of a Water Budget: Precipitation Inputs Components of a Water Budget: Evapotranspiration (ET) Components of a Water Budget: Hydrologic Storage Components of a Water Budget: Stream Runoff Integrated Analysis of a Water Budget 9 Aqueous Chemistry Introduction An Example of Soil Solution Chemistry: Analysis and Interpretation General Concepts of Aqueous Chemistry Sample Collection and Analysis Selection of Analytical Parameters Alkalinity or Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) Acidity and pH Conductivity Ionic Strength and Ion Activity Influence of Temperature on Solution Equilibria Hydrolysis and Chemical Speciation as a Function of pH Rate-Limited Versus Equilibrium Conditions Differential Anion Mobility Effects of Ecosystem Processes on Solution Chemistry Case Studies: Analysis and Interpretation of Aqueous Chemistry in Natural Waters Controls on the Chemistry of Forest Floor Leachates Comparison of Stream Chemistry Along a Hydrologic Flow Gradient Changes in Solution Chemistry and ANC Generation Along a Watershed Drainage Gradient Effects of Land Use on Watershed Exports of Nutrients in Stream Runoff 10 Integrated Element Cycling Introduction General Concepts of Element Cycling Terminology Comparison of Element Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems Nitrogen Cycle Calcium Cycle Aluminum Cycle Nutrient Cycling in Relation to Ecosystem Succession Chemical Input-Output Budgets for Watershed Ecosystems Element Cycling at the Landscape Scale: Exports of N and P from Large Watersheds Element Cycling at the Global Scale Global Nitrogen Cycle Global Carbon Cycle 11 Biogeochemical Models Introduction Considerations in the Development of a Biogeochemical Model Steps in Building a Biogeochemical Model An Introductory Model of Watershed Nitrogen Cycling Applications of Biogeochemical Models TREGRO: A Model to Simulate Plant Responses to Interacting Stresses TEM: A Global Model of Net Primary Productivity The CENTURY Soil Organic Matter Model PnET-BGC: An Integrated Biogeochemical Model Watershed Acidification Models Nutrient Cycling Models Models in Watershed Hydrology 12 Ecosystem Disturbance and Stress Introduction Disturbance and Recovery in the Context of Ecological Succession Effects of Forest Harvesting on Watershed Ecosystems Twenty Years of Recovery Following H

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to the Central Nervous System 1 Introduction to the Central Nervous System 1.1 The Neuron 1.2 The Nervous System 1.2.1 Peripheral Nervous System (Fig. 1.3) 1.2.2 Central Nervous System Bibliography 2 Neurocytology: Cells of the CNS 2.1 The Neuron 2.1.1 Dendrites 2.1.2 Soma 2.1.3 Golgi Type I and II Neurons 2.1.4 Dendritic Spines (Fig. 2.2) 2.1.5 Nucleus 2.1.6 Neuronal Cytoskeleton 2.1.7 Microtubules and Axoplasmic Flow 2.1.8 Neurofibrillary Tangles 2.2 Synapse 2.2.1 Synaptic Structure 2.2.2 Synaptic Types 2.2.3 Synaptic Transmission 2.2.4 Neurotransmitters (Table 2.3) 2.2.5 Modulators of Neurotransmission 2.2.6 Synaptic Vesicles (Fig. 2.16) (Table 2.4) 2.2.7 Effectors and Receptors 2.3 Supporting Cells of the Central Nervous System 2.3.1 Astrocytes (Figs. 2.6 and 2.14; Table 2.7) 2.3.2 Oligodendrocytes (Fig. 2.9) 2.3.3 Endothelial Cells 2.3.4 Mononuclear Cells: Monocytes and Microglia 2.3.5 Ependymal Cells (Fig. 2.20) 2.3.6 Supporting Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System 2.4 Response of the Nervous System to Injury 2.4.1 Degeneration 2.5 Regeneration 2.5.1 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration 2.5.2 Regeneration in the Central Nervous System 2.5.3 Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain Stem 2.5.4 Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) 2.5.5 Glial Response to Injury 2.6 Blood–Brain Barrier 2.6.1 Blood–Brain Barrier (Fig. 2.24) 2.6.2 Extracellular Space Specific References 3 Neuroembryology and Congenital Malformations 3.1 Formation of the Central Nervous System 3.2 Histogenesis 3.2.1 Repair of Damaged Nervous System 3.2.2 Growth Cone Guidance 3.2.3 Programmed Cell Death (PCD): Apoptosis 3.2.4 Neuronal Death 3.2.5 Development of Blood Vessels in the Brain 3.2.6 Ventricular System 3.2.7 Formation of Peripheral Nervous System 3.2.8 Spinal Cord Differentiation 3.3 Brain Differentiation 3.3.1 Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) 〉 Pons, Medulla, and Cerebellum 3.3.2 Mesencephalon 〉 Adult Midbrain 3.3.3 Prosencephalon 〉 Cerebral Hemispheres and Diencephalon 3.3.4 Diencephalon 3.3.5 Cranial Nerves 3.3.6 Telencephalon 3.3.7 Primary Sulci 3.3.8 Development of the Cerebral Cortex 3.4 Prenatal Development of the Cerebral Cortex 3.5 Changes in the Cortical Architecture as a Function of Postnatal Age 3.6 Abnormal Development 3.6.1 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in Growth and Migration with Incomplete Development of the Brain 3.6.2 Genetically Linked Migration Disorders 3.6.3 Environmentally Induced Migration Disorder: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 3.6.4 Malformations Resulting from Chromosomal Trisomy and Translocation 3.6.5 Malformations Resulting from Defective Fusion of Dorsal Structures 3.6.6 Malformations Characterized by Excessive Growth of Ectodermal and Mesodermal Tissue Affecting the Skin, Nervous System, and Other Tissues 3.6.7 Cutaneous Angiomatosis with Associated Malformations of the Central Nervous System 3.6.8 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in the Ventricular System Bibliography 4 Spinal Cord 4.1 Gross Anatomy 4.1.1 Spinal Cord: Structure and Function 4.1.2 Nerve Roots 4.1.3 Gray Matter 4.2 Interneurons 4.3 Central Pattern Generators 4.4 Segmental Function 4.4.1 Motor/Ventral Horn Cells 4.4.2 Sensory Receptors 4.4.3 Stretch Receptors 4.5 Nociception and Pain 4.5.1 Modulation of Pain Transmission 4.6 White Matter Tracts 4.6.1 Descending Tracts in the Spinal Cord 4.6.2 Ascending Tracts in the Spinal Cord 4.6.3 The Anterolateral Pathway 4.7 Upper and Lower Motor Neurons Lesions 4.7.1 Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMN) 4.7.2 Lower Motor Neuron Lesion 4.8 Illustrative Spinal Cord Case Histories 4.9 Illustrative Non-spinal Cord Cases with Involvement of Specific Peripheral Nerves: Case Histories 4.8–4.10 4.10 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Bibliography 5 Brain Stem: Gross Anatomy 5.1 Gross Anatomical Divisions 5.1.1 Sites of Transition 5.2 Relationship of Regions in the Brain to the Ventricular System: Fig. 5.2 5.3 Gross Anatomy of Brain Stem and Diencephalon 5.3.1 Anterior Surface of Gross Brain Stem: Fig. 5.3 5.3.2 Posterior Surface of Brain Stem and Diencephalon: Fig. 5.4 5.4 Arterial Blood Supply to the Brain Stem and Diencephalon (Fig. 5.5) 5.4.1 Medulla 5.4.2 Pons 5.4.3 Midbrain 5.4.4 Diencephalon Bibliography 6 Brain Stem Functional Localization 6.1 Introduction to the Brain Stem 6.2 Differences Between the Spinal Cord and Brain Stem 6.3 Functional Localization in Brain Stem Coronal Sections and an Atlas of the Brain Stem 6.3.1 Medulla 6.3.2 Pons-Blood Supply: Basilar Artery and Its Branches 6.3.3 Midbrain Blood Supply: Basila Arrteraynd Posterio Crerebral Arteries 6.4 Midbrain Tectum 6.5 Midbrain Tegmentum 6.6 Superior Colliculus 6.6.1 Midbrain Tegmentum 6.6.2 Blood Supply: Posterior Cerebral Arteries 6.7 Superior Colliculus Tectum 6.8 Superior Colliculus Tegmentum 6.8.1 Superior ColliculusVentricular Zone 6.9 Functional Centers in the Brain Stem 6.9.1 Reticular Formation 6.9.2 Respiration Centers 6.9.3 Cardiovascular Centers 6.9.4 Deglutition 6.9.5 Vomiting 6.9.6 Emetic Center 6.9.7 Coughing 6.9.8 Taste 6.10 Localiozation of Dysfunction in the Cranial Nerves Associated with the Eye (Table 6.8) 6.11 Localization of Disease Processes in the Brain Stem 6.11.1 Exercise to Identify the Tracts and Nuclei in the Brain Stem (Figs. 6.10–6.14) Bibliography 7 The Cranial Nerves 7.1 How the Cranial Nerves Got Their Numbers 7.2 Functional Organization of Cranial Nerves 7.3 The Individual Cranial Nerves 7.3.1 Cranial Nerve I, Olfactory (Fig. 7.4), Special Sensory/Special Visceral Afferent 7.3.2 Cranial Nerve II, Optic (Fig. 7.5), Special Somatic Sensory 7.3.3 Cranial Nerve III, Oculomotor (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor (Somatic and Parasympathetic, Only III) 7.3.4 Cranial Nerve IV, Trochlear (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor 7.3.5 Cranial Nerve VI, Abducens (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor 7.3.6 Cranial Nerve V, Trigeminal (Fig. 7.7), Mixed Nerve (Sensory and Motor but No Parasympathetic) 7.3.7 Cranial Nerve VII, Facial (Fig. 7.8), Mixed Nerve (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic) 7.3.8 Cranial Nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear (Fig. 7.9), Pure Special Somatic Sensory 7.4 Auditory Pathway 7.4.1 Cranial Nerve IX, Glossopharyngeal (Fig. 7.13), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic): Nerve to Third Pharyngeal Arch 7.4.2 Cranial Nerve X, Vagus (Fig. 7.14), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic), and Longest Cranial Nerve 7.4.3 Cranial Nerve XI, Spinal Accessory (Fig. 7.15), Pure Motor: Somatic and Visceral 7.4.4 Cranial Nerve XII, Hypoglossal (Fig. 7.16): Pure Motor Nerve 7.5 Cranial Nerve Dysfunction 7.6 Cranial Nerve Case Histories Bibliography 8 Diencephalon 8.1 Overview 8.2 Functional Organization of Thalamic Nuclei (Table 8.1) 8.2.1 Sensory and Motor Relay Nuclei: The Ventrobasal Complex and Lateral Nucleus 8.2.2 Limbic Nuclei: The Anterior, Medial, Lateral Dorsal, Midline, and Intralaminar Nuclei (Fig. 8.4) 8.2.3 Specific Associational: Polymodal/Somatic Nuclei, the Pulvinar Nuclei (Fig. 8.5) 8.2.4 Special Somatic Sensory Nuclei: Vision and Audition, the Lateral Geniculate and Medial Geniculate Nuclei of the Metathalamus (Fig. 8.5): The Special Somatic Sensory Cranial Nerves Are Cranial Nerves II and VIII 8.2.5 Nonspecific Associational 8.3 White Matter of the Diencephalon 8.4 Relationship Between the Thalamus and the Cerebral Cortex (Figs. 8.7 and 8.8) 8.5 Subthalamus (Fig. 8.3) 8.6 Thalamic Atlas Figs. 8.10, 8.11, and 8.12 8.7 Level: Midbrain, Diencephalic Junction (Fig. 8.10) 8.8 Level: Midthalamus (Fig. 8.11) 8.9 Level: Anterior Tubercle of Thalamus (Fig. 8.12) Bibliography 9 Hypothalamus, Neuroendocrine System, and Autonomic Nervous System 9.1 Hypothalamus 9.1.1 Hypothalamic Nuclei 9.1.2 Afferent Pathways 9.1.3 Efferent Pathways (Fig. 9.6) 9.1.4 Functional Stability 9.2 Neuroendocrine System, the Hypothalamus, and Its Relation to the Hypophysis 9.2.1 Hypophysis Cerebri 9.2.2 Hypothalamic–Hypophyseal Portal System 9.2.3 Hypophysiotrophic Area 9.2.4 Hormones Produced by Hypothalamus 9.2.5 Hormones Produced in Adenohypophysis (Fig. 9.12) 9.2.6 Case 9.1 9.2.7 Hypothalamus and the Autono

Note: Contents 1 Omics: A Holistic Approach in Cancer Treatment / Madhumati Bora and Pratibha Parihar 2 Plant miRNAs and Phytomolecules As Anticancer Therapeutics / Nikita Shukla, Virendra Shukla, and Sangeeta Saxena 3 Potential of Herbal Medicines in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Mechanism of Action / Navina Panneerselvan, Rajeswari Ravindran, Palanisamy Arulselvan, and Ravindran Jaganathan 4 Elucidation of Mechanisms of Anticancer Plant Compounds Against the Tumor Cells / Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy and Mallappa Kumara Swamy 5 Computational Approach Towards Exploring Interaction of Target Protein-Phytocompounds in Drug Development for Breast Cancer / Asita Elengoe and Salehhuddin Hamdan 6 Anticancer Potential of Andrographolide, a Diterpenoid Lactone from Andrographis paniculata: A Nature’s Treasure for Chemoprevention and Therapeutics / Imran Khan, Mohd Aslam Yusuf, Irfan Ahmad Ansari, and Mohd Sayeed Akhtar 7 Anticancer Activity of Herbal Medicine: Mechanism of Action / Nand Kumar Singh, Alok Kumar Yadav, Preeti Sirohi, Manjoo Rani, Saurabh Saraswat, Manish Pratap Singh, Ashutosh Mani, and Sameer Srivastava 8 Metabolomic Study of Chemo-preventive Phytochemicals and Their Therapeutic Prospects / Nibir Ranjan Parasar, Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah, Mohan Lal, and Mohd Sayeed Akhtar 9 CADD Studies Applied to Secondary Metabolites in the Anticancer Drug Research / Luciana Scotti, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Francisco J. B. Mendonça Filho, José M. Barbosa Filho, Marcelo S. da Silva, Josean F. Tavares, and Marcus Tullius Scotti 10 Anticancerous Plant Compounds Affecting the Power House of Cancerous Cells: A Possible Herbal Mitocan / Shalini Mani, Nancy Taneja, Sweekriti Jain, and Manisha Singh 11 Phytoestrogens as a Natural Source for the Possible Colon Cancer Treatment / Suresh Challa, Rajanna Ajumeera, and Naresh Venna 12 Bioinformatics Approaches for Genomics and Post Genomics Applications of Anticancer Plants / Avni Mehta and Yasha Hasija 13 Fruits of Rosaceae Family as a Source of Anticancer Compounds and Molecular Innovations / Muhammad Sameeullah, Muttalip Gündoğdu, İhsan Canan, Turan Karadeniz, Muhammad Aasim, and Khalid Mahmood Khawar 14 Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Herbal Medicines / Mohd Gulfishan, Muhammad Afzal, Imran Kazmi, Anwarulabedin Mohsin Quazi, Tariq Ahmad Bhat, and Ajmat Jahan

Note: Contents Chapter 1. Introduction to the Landscapes and Landforms of Italy (Mauro Soldati) -- Part I: Physical Environment -- Chapter 2. The Great Diversity of Italian Landscapes and Landforms: Their Origin and Human Imprint (Mauro Marchetti) -- Chapter 3. Outline of the Geology of Italy (Alfonso Bosellini) -- Chapter 4. The Climate of Italy (Simona Fratianni) -- Chapter 5. Morphological Regions of Italy (Paola Fredi) -- Part II: Landscapes and Landforms. Chapter 6. The Glaciers of the Valle d’Aosta and Piemonte Regions: Records of Present and Past Environmental and Climate Changes (Marco Giardino) -- Chapter 7. Landscapes of Northern Lombardy: From the Glacial Scenery of Upper Valtellina to the Prealpine Lacustrine Environment of Lake Como (Irene Bollati) -- Chapter 8. The Adamello-Presanella and Brenta Massifs, Central Alps: Contrasting High-mountain Landscapes and Landforms (Alberto Carton) -- Chapter 9. Large Ancient Landslides in Trentino, Northeastern Alps, as Evidence of Post-glacial Dynamics (Alberto Carton) -- Chapter 10. The Dolomite Landscape of the Alta Badia (Northeastern Alps): A Remarkable Record of Geological and Geomorphological History (Mauro Marchetti) -- Chapter 11. The Vajont Valley (Eastern Alps): A Complex Landscape Deeply Marked by Landsliding (Alessandro Pasuto) -- Chapter 12. Karst Landforms in Friuli Venezia Giulia: From Alpine to Coastal Karst (Franco Cucchi) -- Chapter 13. The Tagliamento River: The Fluvial Landscape and Long-term Evolution of a Large Alpine Braided River (Nicola Surian).-Chapter 14. Lake Garda: An Outstanding Archive of Quaternary Geomorphological Evolution (Carlo Baroni) -- Chapter 15. Geomorphological Processes and Landscape Evolution of the Lagoon of Venice (Aldino Bondesan) -- Chapter16. The Po Delta Region: Depositional Evolution, Climate Change and Human Intervention Through the Last 5,000 Years (Marco Stefani) -- Chapter 17. Landscapes and Landforms Driven by Geological Structures in the Northwestern Apennines (Luisa Pellegrini) -- Chapter 18. Fingerprints of Large-scale Landslides in the Landscape of the Emilia Apennines (Giovanni Bertolini) -- Chapter 19. Mud Volcanoes in the Emilia-Romagna Apennines: Small Landforms of Outstanding Scenic and Scientific Value (Doriano Castaldini) -- Chapter 20. The Outstanding Terraced Landscape of the Cinque Terre Coastal Slopes (Eastern Liguria) (Pierluigi Brandolini) -- Chapter 21. Tuscany Hills and Valleys: Uplift, Exhumation, Valley Downcutting and Relict Landforms (Mauro Coltorti) -- Chapter 22. Landscapes and Landforms of the Duchy of Urbino in Italian Renaissance Paintings (Olivia Nesci) -- Chapter 23. Rocky Cliffs Joining Velvet Beaches: The Northern Marche Coast (Daniele Savelli) -- Chapter 24. The Typical Badlands Landscapes Between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Tiber River (Maurizio Del Monte) -- 25. The Tuff Cities: A ‘Living Landscape’ at the Border of Volcanoes in Central Italy (Claudio Margottin) -- Chapter 26. A Route of Fire in Central Italy: The Latium Ancient Volcanoes (Paola Fredi) -- Chapter 27. Relief, Intermontane Basins and Civilization in the Umbria-Marche Apennines: Origin and Life by Geological Consent (Marta Della Seta) -- Chapter 28. The Terminillo, Gran Sasso and Majella Mountains: The ‘Old Guardians’ of the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas (Tommaso Piacentini) -- Chapter 29. Aeternae Urbis Geomorphologia - Geomorphology of Rome, Aeterna Urbs (Maurizio Del Monte) -- Chapter 30. Granite Landscapes of Sardinia: Long-term Evolution of Scenic Landforms (Rita T. Melis) -- Chapter 31. The Coastal Dunes of Sardinia: Landscape Response to Climate and Sea Level Changes (Rita T. Melis) -- Chapter 32. The Terrestrial and Submarine Landscape of the Tremiti Archipelago, Adriatic Sea (Enrico Miccadei) -- Chapter 33. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei: Volcanic History, Landforms and Impact on Settlements (Pietro P.C. Aucelli) -- Chapter 34. Sorrento Peninsula and Amalfi Coast: The Long-term History of an Enchanting Promontory (Aldo Cinque) -- Chapter 35. The Coastal Landscape of Cilento (Southern Italy): A challenge for Protection and Tourism Valorisation (Alessio Valente) -- Chapter 36. The Salento Peninsula (Apulia, Southern Italy): A Water-shaped Landscape Without Rivers (Giuseppe Mastronuzzi) -- Chapter 37. The Landscape of the Aspromonte Massif: A Geomorphological Open-air Laboratory (Gaetano Robustelli) -- Chapter 38. Volcanic Landforms and Landscapes of the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Sicily): Implications for Hazard Evaluation (Federico Lucchi) -- Chapter 39. Geomorphology of the Capo San Vito Peninsula (NW Sicily): An Example of Tectonically and Climatically Controlled Landscape (Valerio Agnesi) -- Chapter 40. Landforms and Landscapes of Mount Etna (Sicily): Relationships Between a Volcano, its Environment and Human Activity (Stefano Branca) -- Chapter 41. Pantelleria Island (Strait of Sicily): Volcanic History and Geomorphological Landscape (Silvio G. Rotolo) -- Part III: Geoheritage -- Chapter 42. Geoheritage in Italy (Maria Cristina Giovagnoli) -- Chapter 43. Geomorphodiversity in Italy: Examples from the Dolomites, Northern Apennines and Vesuvius (Mario Panizza) -- Chapter 44. Goethe’s Italian Journey and the Geological Landscape (Paola Coratza) -- Chapter 45. Wine Landscapes of Italy (Vincenzo Amato) -- Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Geography 1.2 Geology 1.3 Oceanography 1.4 Climate 1.5 Biodiversity References Part I Dangerous Fishes 2 Biting and Predator Fish Group 2.1 Chondrichthyes (Cartilagenous Fishes) 2.1.1 Relationship of Sharks to Humans 2.2 Osteichthyes (Teleostean Fishes) 2.2.1 Moray eels 2.3 Wolf-Herring and Barracuda 2.3.1 Barracuda Attacks and Bites 2.4 Triggerfish 2.4.1 Reported Cases of Triggerfish Bites 2.5 Ribbonfish 2.5.1 Bite of Ribbonfish and Its Mechanism References 3 Harmful Fish Group 3.1 Needlefish 3.1.1 Injuries Caused by Needlefishes 3.2 Surgeonfish 3.2.1 Cuts Caused by Surgeonfish References 4 Electric Fishes 4.1 Electric Rays and Their Electric Organ References Part II Poisonous and Venomous Fishes 5 Poisonous Fishes 5.1 Ichthyosarcotoxic Fishes 5.1.1 Elasmobranch Fish Poisoning 5.1.2 Ciguatoxic Fishes 5.1.3 Clupeotoxic Fishes 5.1.4 Gempylotoxic Fishes 5.1.5 Scomberotoxic Fishes 5.1.6 Hallucinogenic Fishes 5.1.7 Tetrodotoxic Fishes 5.2 Ichthyootoxic Fishes 5.2.1 Ichthyootoxic Fish Species 5.3 Ichthyogallotoxic Fishes 5.3.1 Ichthyogallotoxic Fish Species References 6 Ichthyohemotoxic Fishes 6.1 Background 6.2 Causative Agent 6.3 Symptoms 6.4 Treatment and Prevention 6.5 Ichthyohemotoxic Fish Species References 7 Venomous Fishes 7.1 Ithyocrinotoxic Fishes 7.1.1 Catfishes 7.1.2 Boxfishes 7.1.3 Species of Eels 7.1.4 Flatfishes 7.1.5 Pufferfish 7.1.6 Ichthyocrinotoxic Fish Species 7.2 Acanthotoxic (Venomous) Fishes 7.2.1 Venomous Stingrays 7.2.2 Venomous Catfishes 7.2.3 Venomous Scorpaenid Fishes 7.2.4 Venomous Stonefishes 7.2.5 Venomous Toadfishes 7.2.6 Venomous Spadefishes or Scats 7.2.7 Venomous Stargazers 7.2.8 Venomous Rabbit Fishes References Erratum to: Dangerous Fishes of the Eastern and Southern Arabian Peninsula About the Author Common Name Index Scientific Name Index General Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction / Harald Heinrichs, Arnim Wiek, Pim Martens, and Gerd Michelsen 2 Sustainable Development – Background and Context / Gerd Michelsen, Maik Adomßent, Pim Martens, and Michael von Hauff 3 Transformational Sustainability Research Methodology / Arnim Wiek and Daniel J. Lang 4 Green and Sustainable Chemistry / Klaus Kümmerer and James Clark 5 Sustainability and Ecosystems / Henrik von Wehrden, Goddert von Oheimb, David J. Abson, and Werner Härdtle 6 Sustainability Assessment of Technologies / Sjouke Beemsterboer and René Kemp 7 Corporate Sustainability Management / Stefan Schaltegger, Erik G. Hansen, and Heiko Spitzeck 8 Sustainable Development in Economics / Michael von Hauff 9 Sustainable Development and Law / Marjan Peeters and Thomas Schomerus 10 Finance and Sustainability / Olaf Weber 11 Sustainability: Politics and Governance / Harald Heinrichs and Frank Biermann 12 Sustainability Communication / Daniel Fischer, Gesa Lüdecke, Jasmin Godemann, Gerd Michelsen, Jens Newig, Marco Rieckmann, and Daniel Schulz 13 Sustainability and Science Policy / Uwe Schneidewind, Mandy Singer-Brodowksi, and Karoline Augenstein 14 Justice and Sustainability / Sonja Klinsky and Aaron Golub 15 Sustainability Ethics / Nils Ole Oermann and Annika Weinert 16 Ocean Space and Sustainability / Jan H. Stel 17 Sustainable Landscape Development / Michael Stauffacher and Pius Krütli 18 Sustainable Development and Material Flows / Beatrice John, Andreas Möller, and Annika Weiser 19 Sustainable Energy Systems / Stefan Lechtenböhmer and Lars J. Nilsson 20 Sustainability and Health / Maud M.T.E. Huynen and Pim Martens 21 Mobility and Sustainability / Aaron Golub 22 International Development and Sustainability / Rimjhim M. Aggarwal 23 Tourism and Sustainability / David Manuel-Navarrete 24 Consumption and Sustainability / John Harlow, Michael J. Bernstein, Bastien Girod, and Arnim Wiek 25 Climate Change: Responding to a Major Challenge for Sustainable Development / Pim Martens, Darryn McEvoy, and Chiung Ting Chang 26 Art and Sustainability / Heather Sealy Lineberry and Arnim Wiek 27 Teaching and Learning in Sustainability Science / Matthias Barth 28 Education for Sustainable Development / Niko Roorda and Han van Son 29 Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning for Sustainable Development / Ron Cörvers, Arnim Wiek, Joop de Kraker, Daniel J. Lang, and Pim Martens 30 Science for Sustainability – A Societal and Political Perspective / Günther Bachmann

Note: Contents 1 General Basics 1.1 Micrometeorology 1.2 Atmospheric Scales 1.3 Atmospheric Boundary Layer 1.4 Energy Balance at the Earth’s Surface 1.4.1 Net Radiation at the Earth’s Surface 1.4.2 Ground Heat Flux and Ground Heat Storage 1.4.3 Turbulent Fluxes 1.5 Water Balance Equation References 2 Basic Equations of Atmospheric Turbulence 2.1 Equation of Motion 2.1.1 Navier-Stokes Equation of Mean Motion 2.1.2 Turbulent Equation of Motion 2.1.3 Closure Techniques 2.2 Equation of the Turbulence Kinetic Energy 2.3 Flux-Gradient Similarity 2.3.1 Profile Equations for Neutral Stratification 2.3.2 Integration of the Profile Equation—Roughness and Zero-Plane Displacement 2.3.3 Monin-Obukhov’s Similarity Theory 2.3.4 Bowen-Ratio Similarity 2.4 Flux-Variance Similarity 2.5 Turbulence Spectrum 2.6 Atmospheric Boundary Layer 2.6.1 Mixed Layer Height 2.6.2 Resistance Law 2.6.3 Integral Turbulence Characteristics References 3 Specifics of the Near-Surface Turbulence 3.1 Properties of the Underlying Surface 3.1.1 Roughness—Additional Remarks 3.1.2 Zero-Plane Displacement—Additional Remarks 3.1.3 Profiles in Plant Canopies 3.2 Internal Boundary Layers 3.2.1 Definition 3.2.2 Experimental Findings 3.2.3 Thermal Internal Boundary Layer 3.2.4 Blending-Height Concept 3.2.5 Practical Relevance of Internal Boundary Layers 3.3 Obstacles 3.4 Footprint 3.4.1 Definition 3.4.2 Footprint Models 3.4.3 Application of Footprint Models 3.5 High Vegetation 3.5.1 Behaviour of Meteorological Parameters in a Forest 3.5.2 Counter Gradient Fluxes—Coherent Structures 3.5.3 Roughness Sublayer—Mixing Layer 3.5.4 Coupling Between the Atmosphere and Plant Canopies 3.6 Advection 3.7 Conditions Under Stable Stratification 3.8 Energy Balance Closure References 4 Experimental Methods for Estimating the Fluxes of Energy and Matter 4.1 Profile Method 4.1.1 Profile Method with Two Measurement Heights 4.1.2 Profile Measurements with Several Measurement Heights 4.1.3 Power-Law 4.2 Eddy-Covariance Method 4.2.1 General Basics 4.2.2 Basics in Measurement Technique 4.2.3 Applicable Correction Methods 4.2.4 Corrections in Question 4.2.5 Quality Assurance 4.2.6 Overall Evaluation 4.3 Flux-Variance Relations 4.4 Accumulation Methods 4.4.1 Eddy-Accumulations-Method (EA) 4.4.2 Relaxed Eddy-Accumulation Method (REA) 4.4.3 Disjunct Eddy-Covariance Method (DEC) 4.4.4 Surface Renewal Method 4.5 Fluxes of Chemical Substances References 5 Modeling of the Energy and Matter Exchange 5.1 Energy Balance Methods 5.1.1 Determination of the Potential Evaporation 5.1.2 Determination of the Actual Evaporation 5.1.3 Determination from Routine Weather Observations 5.2 Hydrodynamical Multilayer Models 5.3 Resistance Approach 5.4 Modelling of Water Surfaces 5.5 Boundary Layer Modelling 5.5.1 Prognostic Models for the Mixed Layer Height 5.5.2 Parametrization of the Wind Profile in the Boundary Layer 5.6 Modeling in Large-Scale Models 5.7 Large-Eddy Simulation 5.8 Area Averaging 5.8.1 Simple Area Averaging Methods 5.8.2 Complex Area-Averaging Methods 5.8.3 Model Coupling References 6 Measurement Technique 6.1 Data Collection 6.1.1 Principles of Digital Data Collection 6.1.2 Signal Sampling 6.1.3 Transfer Function 6.1.4 Inertia of a Measurement System 6.2 Measurement of Meteorological Elements 6.2.1 Radiation Measurements 6.2.2 Wind Measurements 6.2.3 Temperature and Humidity Measurements 6.2.4 Precipitation Measurements 6.2.5 Remote Sensing Methods 6.2.6 Other Measurement Techniques 6.3 Quality Assurance 6.3.1 Measurement Planning 6.3.2 Quality Control 6.3.3 Intercomparison of Measurement Devices References 7 Microclimatology 7.1 Climatological Scales 7.2 Generation of Local Climates 7.2.1 Small-Scale Changes of Climate Elements 7.2.2 Local Climate Types 7.3 Microclimate Relevant Circulations 7.3.1 Land-Sea Wind Circulation 7.3.2 Mountain-Valley Circulation 7.4 Local Cold-Air Flows 7.5 Land Use Changes and Local Climate 7.5.1 Changes of Surface Roughness 7.5.2 Changes of the Evaporation 7.5.3 Change of the Albedo 7.5.4 Degradation 7.6 Microclimatological Measurements References 8 Applied Meteorology 8.1 Examples of Applied Meteorological Applications 8.1.1 Distribution of Air Pollution 8.1.2 Meteorological Conditions of Wind Energy Use 8.1.3 Sound Propagation in the Atmosphere 8.1.4 Human Biometeorology 8.2 Perspectives of the Applied Meteorology References Appendix References Index

Note: Contents Part I Developing Climate Change Information 1 Science and Knowledge Production for Climate Change Adaptation: Challenges and Opportunities / Silvia Serrao-Neumann and Anne Coudrain 2 Science and Evidence-Based Climate Change Policy: Collaborative Approaches to Improve the Science–Policy Interface / Edward A. Morgan and Gabriela Marques Di Giulio 3 Conceptual Analysis of Climate Change in the Light of Society-Environment Relationships: Observatories Closer to Both Systems and Societies / Mireille Fargette, Maud Loireau, Nabil Ben Khatra, Habiba Khiari and Thérèse Libourel 4 Rethinking IPCC Expertise from a Multi-actor Perspective / Maud H. Devès, Michel Lang, Paul-Henri Bourrelier and François Valérian 5 Computational Constraint Models for Decision Support and Holistic Solution Design / Carmen Gervet Part II Communicating Climate Change Information 6 Uncertainty and Future Planning: The Use of Scenario Planning for Climate Change Adaptation Planning and Decision / Silvia Serrao-Neumann and Darryl Low Choy 7 Future Climate Narratives: Combining Personal and Professional Knowledge to Adapt to Climate Change / Liese Coulter 8 Integrating Research and Practice in Emerging Climate Services—Lessons from Other Transdisciplinary Dialogues / Susanne Schuck-Zöller, Carina Brinkmann and Simone Rödder 9 Communicating Climate Information: Traveling Through the Decision-Making Process / Ghislain Dubois, Femke Stoverinck and Bas Amelung 10 Transforming Climate Change Policymaking: From Informing to Empowering the Local Community / Michael Howes 11 Resilience and Vulnerability Assessment as the Basis for Adaptation Dialogue in Information-Poor Environments: A Cambodian Example / Chris Jacobson, Stacy Crevello, Chanseng Nguon and Chanthan Chea Part III Applying Climate Change Information: Case Studies 12 Scalable Interactive Platform for Geographic Evaluation of Sea-Level Rise Impact Combining High-Performance Computing and WebGIS Client / Agnès Tellez-Arenas, Robin Quique, Faïza Boulahya, Gonéri Le Cozannet, François Paris, Sylvestre Le Roy, Fabrice Dupros and François Robida 13 Coral Reef Monitoring Coping with Climate Change, Toward a Socio-ecological System Perspective / Gilbert David and Jean-Pascal Quod 14 The Experience of the Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory: Seeking Interaction Between Organizations and Civil Society / Renata Gracie, Diego Ricardo Xavier, Sandra de Souza Hacon, Vanderlei Matos, Heglaucio da Silva Barros, Maria de Fátima de Pina and Christovam Barcellos Part IV Conclusion 15 Informing Decisions with Climate Change Information / Liese Coulter and Anne Coudrain Index

Note: Contents Part I Challenges 1 Factor X – 25 Years – “Factor X Concept” Is Essential for Achieving Sustainable Development / Harry Lehmann, Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek, and Christopher Manstein 2 Necessities for a Resource Efficient Europe / Leida Rijnhout, Magda Stoczkiewicz, and Meadhbh Bolger 3 Global Megatrends and Resource Use – A Systemic Reflection / Ullrich Lorenz, Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, and Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir 4 Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies / Stephan Lutter, Stefan Giljum, and Martin Bruckner 5 The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing / Jan Kosmol, Felix Müller, and Hermann Keßler 6 Equitable, Just Access to Natural Resources: Environmental Narratives during Worsening Climate Crises / Patrick Bond Part II Implementation Strategies 7 Circular Economy: Origins and Future Orientations / Riina Antikainen, David Lazarevic, and Jyri Seppälä 8 Financial System, and Energy and Resource Husbandry / R. Andreas Kraemer 9 Developing Resource Competence – Anchoring Resource Conservation and Efficiency in the German Education System / Carolin Baedeker, Holger Rohn, Michael Scharp, and Jaya Bowry 10 The Way from Problem Scope Towards the Vision of a Low Resource Society – The First Working Period of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) / Sascha Hermann and Christa Liedtke 11 Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe – Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries / Paweł Kaźmierczyk 12 The Resource Nexus and Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story / Raimund Bleischwitz and Michal Miedzinski 13 Germany’s Resource Efficiency Agenda: Driving Momentum on the National Level and Beyond / Reinhard Kaiser 14 Results of Three Cost-Effective, Innovative and Transferable Resource-Efficiency Instruments for Industries in the Basque Country / Ander Elgorriaga Kunze and Ignacio Quintana San Miguel 15 The Circular Economy Package of the European Union / Joachim Wuttke 16 Saving Natural Resources Through Conversion and Constructional Densification in Urban Areas: Ecological Potentials and Limits / Daniel Reißmann and Matthias Buchert 17 The Path to Degrowth for a Sustainable Society / Serge Latouche Part III Examples of Good Practice 18 Social Innovation Repair – The R.U.S.Z Case: A Systemic Approach Contributing to the Unplanned Obsolescence of Capitalism / Sepp Eisenriegler and Greta Sparer 19 Resource Efficiency in the Building Sector / Klaus Dosch 20 Eco Efficiency and Circular Production: Cases from the Netherlands’ Eastern Region / Frank A.G. den Butter and Harry A.A.M. Webers 21 An Approach to Identify Resource Patterns on a Neighborhood Level / Magnus Österbring, Leonardo Rosado, Holger Wallbaum, and Paul Gontia 22 Strategic Business Examples from Finland: The Growth of the Smartup Industry / Tuuli Kaskinen, Satu Lähteenoja, Mikael Sokero, and Iiris Suomela 23 Circular Flanders: Adaptive Policy for a Circular Economy / Sam Deckmyn 24 The 100 Companies Project Resource Efficient Practice Cases from Producing Industry / Mario Schmidt 25 Lifestyle Material Footprint of Finnish Households – Insights, Targets, Transitions / Michael Lettenmeier 26 Construction 4.0: The LifeCycle Tower and Digitalised Timber Construction / Hubert Rhomberg 27 Protect Resources, Strengthen the Economy: Good Examples for Resource Efficiency in Industry and Handicraft Businesses / Peter Jahns 28 Chemical Leasing: A Business Model to Drive Resource Efficiency in the Supply Chain / Reinhard Joas, Veronika Abraham, and Anke Joas 29 Resource Efficiency for the Manufacturing Industries – A Holistic Approach / Werner Maass, Christof Oberender, and Martin Vogt 30 Towards a Resource Efficient and Greenhouse Gas Neutral Germany 2050 / Jens Günther, Harry Lehmann, Ullrich Lorenz, David Pfeiffer, and Katja Purr 31 Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’ as a Catalyst for Societal Transformation? Critical Remarks and Presentation of an Inspired Exemplary Project as a Driver for Sustainability / Ulrich Bartosch, Christian Meier, and Till Weyers Index

Note: Contents 1 Simple Dynamic Frameworks for Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean 1.1 Free Waves in an Equatorial Beta-Plane 1.2 Vertical Mode Separation in a Stratified Atmosphere 1.3 The Gill Model 1.4 The Lindzen–Nigam Model 1.5 The Cane–Zebiak Simple Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model 1.6 A 2.5-Layer Tropical Atmospheric Model 1.7 A 2.5-Layer Tropical Oceanic Model References 2 Roles of Air–Sea Interaction in Shaping Tropical Mean Climate 2.1 ITCZ Asymmetry 2.2 Theories 2.3 Effects of Asymmetric Land Mass and Coastal Geometry 2.4 Annual Cycle at the Equator References 3 Madden-Julian Oscillation: Observations and Mechanisms 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Observed Structure and Evolution Features 3.3 Mechanisms for Eastward Propagation 3.4 Initiation Mechanisms 3.5 Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) 3.6 Interactions with High-Frequency Eddies References 4 Tropical Cyclone Formation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Precursor Synoptic Signals 4.3 Origin of Synoptic-Scale Wave Trains and Easterly Waves in WNP 4.4 Numerical Simulations of TC Genesis 4.5 MJO and ENSO Impacts 4.6 Projection of Future TC Changes Under Global Warming 4.7 Concluding Remark References 5 Dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation 5.1 Observed Structure and Evolution 5.2 Instability Mechanisms 5.3 Oscillation Theories 5.4 Phase Locking to the Annual Cycle 5.5 El Niño and La Niña Amplitude Asymmetry 5.6 El Niño and La Niña Evolution Asymmetry 5.7 Modulation of Interdecadal Mean State on El Niño Behavior 5.8 Indian Ocean Dipole References 6 Monsoon Dynamics and Its Interactions with Ocean 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Theories on Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) 6.3 Quasi-Biennial and Lower-Frequency Variability of the Monsoon 6.4 Pacific–East Asia Teleconnection 6.5 Effects of Indian Ocean and WNP SSTA on Circulation in WNP 6.6 Modulation of the Monsoon Mean Flow on El Niño Response 6.7 Inter-monsoon Relationships 6.8 Effect of Aerosol on Monsoon References

Note: Contents Part I Bioeconomy: Concepts, Fundaments and New Approaches Fostering Sustainable Bioeconomies: The Role of Conscious Consumption / Madhavi Venkatesan Service-Based Bioeconomy—Multilevel Perspective to Assess the Evolving Bioeconomy with a Service Lens / Päivi Pelli, Jyrki Kangas and Jouni Pykäläinen Environmental Sustainability Indicators for the Bioeconomy / Tiina Pursula, Maija Aho, Ida Rönnlund and Minna Päällysaho A Macroeconomic Perspective on Green Growth / Mounaim Sebastian Rhozyel and Jolanta Žalpytė Part II Bioeconomy: Industry, Market and Financing Possibilities The Biodiversity Finance Initiative: An Approach to Identify and Implement Biodiversity-Centered Finance Solutions for Sustainable Development / Marco Arlaud, Tracey Cumming, Ian Dickie, Marlon Flores, Onno van den Heuvel, David Meyers, Massimiliano Riva, Andrew Seidl and Annabelle Trinidad Bioeconomy Opportunities in the Danube Region / Miklós Gyalai-Korpos, Zoltán Szabó, Miklós Hollósy, Bence Dávid, Kinga Pencz, Csaba Fehér and Zsolt Barta Barriers to Acceptance of Bio-Based Substitutes: How Schema Incongruity Can Hinder the Purchase of Bio-Based Products / Katja Rudolph Key Factors for the Successful Implementation of Payments for Environmental Services and Offsets for Biodiversity Management and Sustainable Development / P. Puydarrieux and A. L. Mésenge Part III Bioeconomy: Innovative Approaches and Technological Possibilities Development of Blue Revolution Through Integrated Bio-cycles System on Tropical Natural Resources Management / Cahyono Agus Local Knowledge and Resources as Driving Forces of Sustainable Bioeconomy / Maris Klavins and Vaira Obuka Tropicalizing Sustainable Bioeconomy: Initial Lessons from Ecuador / Daniel V. Ortega-Pacheco, Ariel Silva, Alfredo López, Ramón Espinel, Diego Inclán and María J. Mendoza-Jiménez Economic Assessment of Tourism Based on Shark-Seeing and Diving as a More Profitable Activity Than Commercial Fishing / Yessica Miriam Plata Zepeda, Patricia Ramírez Romero and Fabíola S. Sosa-Rodríguez Part IV Bioeconomy: Advances on Agriculture, Biofarming and Food Production Potential for Sustainable Urban Food Production in a Medium Scale City in Germany / Kay Plat, Andreas Meyer, Petra Schneider and Kai Perret Building Bioeconomy in Agriculture: Harnessing Soil Microbes for Sustaining Ecosystem Services / Raj Rengalakshmi, Manjula M., V. R. Prabavathy, S. Jegan and B. Selvamukilan Revitalisation of Agricultural Biomass for an Industrial Bio-economy, Case Studies on South Africa and Netherlands Bio-economy / Marie Blanche Ting and Jim Philp Mangrove Restoration an Economical Alternative for Generating Incomes / Ángel Sol Sánchez, Gloria Isela Hernández Melchor, Juan Manuel Zaldívar Cruz, Carlos Alberto Zúñiga González and José Luis Santiváñez Galarza Green-Growth Policies and Economic Effects: Lessons Learnt from Organic Farming in the Czech Republic / Radka Redlichová, Věra Bečvářová, Diana Mihaela Pociovălișteanu, Karel Vinohradský and Ivo Zdráhal Family Farmers’ Cooperative from Ibiúna, São Paulo State, Brazil: An Example of Social Capital as a Driver for Ecological Sustainability Change / Paulo Roberto Borges de Brito Part V Bioeconomy: Advances on Bioenergy and Biofuels Constructing a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Multi-scalar Perceptions of Sustainability / Aparajita Banerjee, Chelsea L. Schelly and Kathleen E. Halvorsen Contributions of Public Policies to Greening Sugarcane Ethanol Production in Brazil / Issa Ibrahim Berchin, Sthefanie Aguiar da Silva, Pierre Bocquillon, Vitória Haendchen Fornasari, Larissa Pereira Cipoli Ribeiro, João Marcelo Pereira Ribeiro and José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra Sustainable Development: Implications for Energy Policy in Nigeria / A. V. Adejumo and O. O. Adejumo To Cultivate or Not to Cultivate? An Exploratory Analysis of What Influences Greek Farmers’ Decisions Towards the Cultivation of Bioenergy Crops / Eugenia Petropoulou, Vasiliki Petousi and Irini Theodorakopoulou Bioenergy Development in Sweden—Frameworks for Success / Anders Chr. Hansen and Anna Berlina Ecological Limits to Sustainable Use of Wood Fuels / Janis Abolins Part VI Bioeconomy: Advances on Bio-Based Forest Resources and Biomass Sustainability-Driven New Business Models in Wood Construction Towards 2030 / Anne Toppinen, Minna Autio, Miska Sauru and Sami Berghäll A Governance Framework for a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Insights from the Case of the German Wood-based Bioeconomy / Erik Gawel, Alexandra Purkus, Nadine Pannicke and Nina Hagemann Holistic Indicator for Optimizing Forest Governance / Mihail Hanzu Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators of Coniferous in Boreal Zone After Care for a Forest / Dmitry Danilov Bioeconomy Meets the Circular Economy: The RESYNTEX and FORCE Projects / Walter Leal Filho Erratum to: Towards a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Principles, Challenges and Perspectives / Walter Leal Filho, Diana-Mihaela Pociovălișteanu, Paulo Roberto Borges de Brito and Ismar Borges de Lima

Note: Contents Deciding for Remediation of the Seepage Barrier System in Foundation of an Earthfill Dam Based on the Monitoring Data and Numerical Analysis / Hamed Farshbaf Aghajani Nonlinear Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams / Djamel Ouzandja, Boualem Tiliouine, and Toufiq Ouzandja Applied GIS to the Monitoring of Building Work Case Study: Construction of 2000 Houses in Ghadames-Lybia / Samir Medhioub, Mohamed Baklouti, and Slah Bouraoui Stability Analysis of Souk-Tleta Earth Dam, North Algeria / Ryma Afiri, Saida Hadj Abderrahmane, Lynda Djerbal, and Smail Gabi Static Liquefaction Analysis of the Limonar Tailings Dam in Peru / Herbert M. Maturano Rafael and Celso Romanel Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Dynamic Stability Assessment of a Tailings Dam Located in Jamaica / Frank Perez and Celso Romanel Analysis and Recovery Proposal for Erosion Process Located in the City of Planaltina-GO / Rideci Farias, Rhael Maycon Noronha Ribeiro, Haroldo Paranhos, Itamar de Souza Bezerra, and Roberto Pimentel Soil Structure Interaction Studies with Use of Geosynthetics in Soils Beneath Footings / R. Shivashankar, Nalini E. Rebello, V.R. Sastry, and B.R. Jayalekshmi A Posteriori Error Estimation for the Non-associated Plasticity Drucker-Prager Model with Hardening / Dao Duy Lam Analysis of Structural Behaviour of Thick Composite Laminates on an Elastic Foundation Using Efficient Higher-Order Theory / Mokhtar Bouazza, Tawfiq Becheri, and Abderrahmane Boucheta 3D Numerical Simulation of the Goaf Due to Large-Scale Longwall Mining / Samar S. Ahmed, Marwan AlHeib, Yann Gunzburger, and Vincent Renaud A Suggested Model Using Quantitive and Qualitative Parameters for Cost Engineering of Mechanically Stabilised Earth Walls in Egypt / Joseph Meadows and John Erian Influence of Asphalt Mixture Ageing and Lowered Laboratory Compaction Rate on Stiffness and Cracking Behavior / Pavla Vacková, Jan Valentin, and Adriana Kotoušová Numerical Study of the Failure Surface in Granular Soil Under Two Closely Spaced Strip Footings / Assma Benbouza, Liela Arabet, and Khelifa Abbeche Evaporation Rate Dependence with Saturation Degree / Houcem Trabelsi Comparative Analysis of a Deep Excavation in a Clays Sequence in Bogota City, with an Emphasis on FEM and Auscultation from the View Point of the Soil-Structure Interaction / Lucero Amparo Estevez Rey Assessment of Granular Soil Failure at the Water Borehole Depth in South Eastern Nigeria by Discrete and Finite Element Methods / Kennedy C. Onyelowe, O.A. Ubachukwu, O.C. Ikpemo, and F.O. Okafor Effect of NBR-Waste on Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen and Mechanical Characteristics of the Asphalt Mix / Khedoudja Soudani, Véronique Cerezo, and Smail Haddadi Numerical Check of the Meyerhof Bearing Capacity Equation for Shallow Foundations / Stefan Van Baars Utilization of Weathered Rock Mass as the China Three Gorges Dam Foundation / Shirong Xiao, Guodong Zhang, and Qingjun Zuo Displacement Assessment of Rock Socketed Shafts: A Numerical Approach / Asmaa M.H. Mahmoud and Ahmed M. Samieh Analysis and Modelling of Stiffened Slab Foundation on Expansive Soils / Mohamed A. Shams, Mohamed A. Shahin, and Mostafa A. Ismail Derivation of the Incremental Stress-Strain Relations for Expansive Soils and Implementation into the Boundary Element Method / Jamila El Brahmi and Mimoun Zoukaghe The Behaviour of Shallow Foundation Near Slope Under Inclined Loading / Messaoud Baazouzi, Mekki Mellas, Djamel Benmeddour, and Abdelhak Mabrouki Case Study About Erosion in Elmo SerejoAvenue, Taguatinga/Federal District – Brazil / Mariane Rodrigues da Vitória, Rideci Farias, Haroldo Paranhos, Itamar de Souza Bezerra, and Roberto Pimentel de Sousa Júnior Performance of Shallow Foundation Overlaying Cavernous Limestone / Ahmed M. El-Tohamy Numerical Investigations on Lateral Load Response of Fin Piles / K.V. Babu and B.V.S. Viswanadham Experiences with Tip Post Grouted Drilled Shafts in China / Zhihui Wan and Guoliang Dai Analysis on Post-peak and Creep Mechanical Behavior of Highly-Weathered Rock / Yinghua Tan and Qian Zhang Author Index

Note: Contents Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Land Degradation in the UNCCD and GEF 1.3 Concepts, Processes, and Scales of Land Degradation 1.4 Assessment of Resilience of Agroecosystems 2 The Potential for Assessment of Land Degradation by Remote Sensing 2.1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 2.2 Remote Sensing Features That Characterize NDVI- Based Assessments of Land Degradation 2.3 Other Vegetation Indices Closely Related to NDVI 2.3.1 Indices Closely Related to NDVI 2.3.2 Comparing NDVI to EVI 3 Applications of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment 3.1 Land-Use and Land-Cover Change 3.2 Drought and Drought Early Warning 3.3 Desertification 3.4 Soil Erosion 3.5 Soil Salinization 3.6 Vegetation Burning 3.7 Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) 3.8 Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation 3.9 Monitoring Ecosystem Resilience 4 Limits to the Use of NDVI in Land Degradation Assessment 5 Key Issues in the Use of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment 5.1 NDVI, NPP, and Land Degradation 5.2 NDVI, RUE, and Land Degradation 5.3 Separating the Effects of Other Causes of NDVI Changes 5.4 Abrupt Changes 6 Development of Land Degradation Assessments 7 Experts’ Opinions on the Use of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment 7.1 NDVI: Rainfall Proportionality, an Important Consideration 7.2 Building on the GLADA Assessment 8 Main Global NDVI Datasets, Databases, and Software 8.1 Main NDVI Datasets 8.2 Quality-Related Considerations 8.3 Precipitation Datasets 8.4 NDVI Software 9 Country-Level Use of Satellite Products to Detect and Map Land Degradation Processes 10 Challenges to the Use of NDVI in Land Degradation Assessments 11 Recommendations for Future Application of NDVI 11.1 In the Convention National Reporting 11.2 In a Revised GEF Resource Allocation Methodology 12 Conclusion Appendix A Inventory of Some Global and Sub-global Remote Sensing-Based Land Degradation Assessments Appendix B Use of Remote Sensing-Derived Land Productive Capacity Dynamics for the New World Atlas of Desertification (WAD) Appendix C Developments with GLADA Appendix D China’s Experiences on the Usefulness of GLADA Appendix E Main Features of Image Products from the Different Sensors Appendix F UNCCD Core Indicators for National Reporting: ICCD/COP(11)/CST/2 Appendix G Current Cost of Selected Satellite Imagery Appendix H Software for Processing Satellite Images to Develop the NDVI References

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to Harmful Algal Blooms and the GEOHAB Programme 1 Introduction to the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Synthesis / Patricia M. Glibert, Elisa Berdalet, Michele A. Burford, Grant C. Pitcher, and Mingjiang Zhou 2 Harmful Algal Blooms and the Importance of Understanding Their Ecology and Oceanography / Patricia M. Glibert, Elisa Berdalet, Michele A. Burford, Grant C. Pitcher, and Mingjiang Zhou 3 Establishment, Goals, and Legacy of the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Programme / Raphael M. Kudela, Robin Raine, Grant C. Pitcher, Patrick Gentien, Elisa Berdalet, Henrik Enevoldsen, and Ed Urban Part II Global Changes and Harmful Algal Blooms 4 Changing Land-, Sea-, and Airscapes: Sources of Nutrient Pollution Affecting Habitat Suitability for Harmful Algae / Patricia M. Glibert, Arthur H.W. Beusen, John A. Harrison, Hans H. Dürr, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Goulven G. Laruelle 5 Harmful Algal Blooms in a Changing Ocean / Mark L. Wells and Bengt Karlson Part III Adaptive Strategies and Harmful Algal Blooms 6 Nutrients and Harmful Algal Blooms: Dynamic Kinetics and Flexible Nutrition / Patricia M. Glibert, Cynthia A. Heil, Frances P. Wilkerson, and Richard C. Dugdale 7 Mixotrophy in Harmful Algal Blooms: By Whom, on Whom, When, Why, and What Next / Kevin J. Flynn, Aditee Mitra, Patricia M. Glibert, and JoAnn M. Burkholder 8 The Role of Life Cycle Characteristics in Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics / Rhodora V. Azanza, Michael L. Brosnahan, Donald M. Anderson, Inga Hense, and Marina Montresor Part IV Harmful Algal Blooms in Specific Habitats and Biomes 9 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Stratified Systems / Robin Raine, Elisa Berdalet, Hidekatsu Yamazaki, Ian Jenkinson, and Beatriz Reguera 10 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Fjords and Coastal Embayments / Suzanne Roy, Marina Montresor, and Allan Cembella 11 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems / Grant C. Pitcher, Francisco G. Figueiras, Raphael M. Kudela, Teresa Moita, Beatriz Reguera, and Manuel Ruiz-Villareal 12 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Relation to Nutrients and Eutrophication / Patricia M. Glibert, Adnan Al-Azri, J. Icarus Allen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Arthur H.W. Beusen, Michele A. Burford, Paul J. Harrison, and Mingjiang Zhou 13 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems / Elisa Berdalet and Patricia A. Tester Part V Spotlight on Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia 14 Overview of Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia / Ken Furuya, Mitsunori Iwataki, Po Teen Lim, Songhui Lu, Chui-Pin Leaw, Rhodora V. Azanza, Hak-Gyoon Kim, and Yasuwo Fukuyo 15 Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Waters of China / Ren-Cheng Yu, Song-Hui Lü, and Yu-Bo Liang 16 Green Tides of the Yellow Sea: Massive Free-Floating Blooms of Ulva prolifera / Dongyan Liu and Mingjiang Zhou 17 Ecological Drivers of Green Noctiluca Blooms in Two Monsoonal-Driven Ecosystems / Joaquim I. Goes, Helga do R. Gomes, Khalid Al-Hashimi, and Anukul Buranapratheprat Part VI Observing and Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms: Tools and Predictive Approaches 18 Advancements and Continuing Challenges of Emerging Technologies and Tools for Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms, Their Antecedent Conditions and Toxins, and Applications in Predictive Models / Patricia M. Glibert, Grant C. Pitcher, Stewart Bernard, and Ming Li 19 Recent Advances in Modelling of Harmful Algal Blooms / Peter J.S. Franks Part VII Moving Forward: Emerging Issues and a New Global Programme 20 Emerging HAB Research Issues in Freshwater Environments / Michele A. Burford, David P. Hamilton, and Susanna A. Wood 21 Mitigation and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms / Zhiming Yu, Xiuxian Song, Xihua Cao, and Yang Liu 22 GlobalHAB: Fostering International Coordination on Harmful Algal Bloom Research in Aquatic Systems / Elisa Berdalet, Raphael M. Kudela, Neil S. Banas, Eileen Bresnan, Michele A. Burford, Keith Davidson, Christopher J. Gobler, Bengt Karlson, Po Teen Lim, Lincoln Mackenzie, Marina Montresor, Vera L. Trainer, Gires Usup, Kedong Yin, Henrik Enevoldsen, and Ed Urban Index

Note: Contents Part I Principles, Approaches and Projects on Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas “We’re not Refugees, We’ll Stay Here Until We Die!”—Climate Change Adaptation and Migration Experiences Gathered from the Tulun and Nissan Atolls of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea / Johannes Luetz and Peni Hausia Havea Sustainable Small-scale Mariculture Ventures as a Comparative Climate Friendly Livelihood Alternative in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia / Simon Ellis, Maria Haws, Jasmine Mendiola and Mikelson Hemil Planning and Urban Informality—Addressing Inclusiveness for Climate Resilience in the Pacific / Colleen Butcher-Gollach At the Frontline of Climate Change: Adaptation, Limitations and Way Forward for the South Pacific Island States / Dhrishna Charan, Kushaal Raj, Ravneel Chand, Lionel Joseph and Priyatma Singh Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Climate Change Resilience of Coastal Communities in Yap / Murukesan Krishnapillai Capacity Development and TVET: Accredited Qualifications for Improving Resilience of Coastal Communities—A Vanuatu Case Study / Tess Martin, Sarah Hemstock, Helene Jacot Des Combes and Charles Pierce An Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Fishermen and Adaption Strategies in Central Region, Ghana / Selorm Akaba and Samuel Akuamoah-Boateng Retreat or Rebuild: Exploring Geographic Retreat in Humanitarian Practices in Coastal Communities / Rosetta S. Elkin and Jesse M. Keenan “God and Tonga Are My Inheritance!”—Climate Change Impact on Perceived Spritiuality, Adaptation and Lessons Learnt from Kanokupolu, ‘Ahau, Tukutonga, Popua and Manuka in Tongatapu, Tonga / Peni Hausia Havea, Sarah L. Hemstock, Helene Jacot Des Combes and Johannes Luetz Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) for Coastal Resilience Against Water Related Disasters in Bangladesh / M. Mustafa Saroar Part II Case Studies on Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas Black Pearl Farming as an Adaptation to Coastal Climate Change / Mattlan Zackhras, Payton Deeks and Simon Ellis Reviving Traditional Croplands to Improve Community Climate Resilience / Bernie Besebes Coping with Future Coastal Floods in Denmark—Advancing the Use of Global Frameworks / Martin Jebens and Carlo Sorensen Local Knowledge Co-production, Emergent Climate Adaptation Publics and Regional Experimentalist Governance: An Institutional Design Case Study / Nicole Lisa Klenk, James Ian MacLellan, Kim Reeder and Dragos Flueraru Economic Resiliency and Food Security in the Marshall Islands Through Polydactylus sexfilis Aquaculture / Kathleen Hicks and Ryan Murashige Advantages and Challenges of Participatory Management of Customary Coastal Areas in the French Islands of the Pacific / Allenbach Michel, Le Duff Matthieu, Dumas Pascal and Bouteiller Yolaine Courts as Decision-Makers on Sea Level Rise Adaptation Measures: Lessons from New Zealand / Catherine Iorns Magallanes, Vanessa James and Thomas Stuart Mapping of Benthic Habitats in Komave, Coral Coast Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery / Roselyn Naidu, Frank Muller-Karger and Mathew McCarthy Exploring the Practicability and Applicability of Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Protection of Samoa’s Selected Watershed Areas / Susana Taua’a Predicting True Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in the Cook Islands: How Vulnerable Are Pacific Maritime Supply Chain Stakeholders? / Jack Dyer Climate Change and Integrated Coastal Management: Risk Perception and Vulnerability in the Luanda Municipality (Angola) / Bernardo Castro, Walter Leal Filho, Fernando J. P. Caetano and Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro A Psychological Model of Climate Change Adaptation: Influence of Resource Loss, Posttraumatic Growth, Norms, and Risk Perception Following Cyclone Winston in Fiji / David N. Sattler, Albert Whippy, James M. Graham and James Johnson ‘Yakasisi’ in Planning for a More Sustainable Future of Coastal Communities Impacted by Climate Change, Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea / David K. Mitchell and George Aigoma Limits and Barriers to Transformation: A Case Study of April Ridge Relocation Initiative, East Honiara, Solomon Islands / Michael Otoara Ha’apio, Keith Morrison, Ricardo Gonzalez, Morgan Wairiu and Elisabeth Holland Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Areas: Lessons Learned and Experiences / Walter Leal Filho

Note: Contents Foreword / David Orr Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION 1 EarthEd: Rethinking Education on a Changing Planet / Erik Assadourian PART ONE: EARTH EDUCATION FUNDAMENTALS 2 Outdoor School for All: Reconnecting Children to Nature / David Sobel 3 Ecoliteracy and Schooling for Sustainability / Michael K. Stone 4 Education for the Eighth Fire: Indigeneity and Native Ways of Learning / Melissa K. Nelson 5 Pathway to Stewardship: A Framework for Children and Youth / Jacob Rodenburg and Nicole Bell 6 Growing a New School Food Culture / Luis González Reyes 7 The Centrality of Character Education for Creating and Sustaining a Just World / Marvin W. Berkowitz 8 Social and Emotional Learning for a Challenging Century / Pamela Barker and Amy McConnell Franklin 9 Prioritizing Play / David Whitebread 10 Looking the Monster in the Eye: Drawing Comics for Sustainability / Marilyn Mehlmann with Esbjörn Jorsäter, Alexander Mehlmann, and Olena Pometun 11 Deeper Learning and the Future of Education / Dennis McGrath and Monica M. Martinez 12 All Systems Go! Developing a Generation of “Systems-Smart” Kids / Linda Booth Sweeney 13 Reining in the Commercialization of Childhood / Josh Golin and Melissa Campbell 14 Home Economics Education: Preparation for a Sustainable and Healthy Future / Helen Maguire and Amanda McCloat 15 Our Bodies, Our Future: Expanding Comprehensive Sexuality Education / Mona Kaidbey and Robert Engelman PART T WO: HIGHER EDUCATION REIMAGINED 16 Suddenly More Than Academic: Higher Education for a Post-Growth World / Michael Maniates 17 Bringing the Classroom Back to Life / Jonathan Dawson and Hugo Oliveira 18 Preparing Vocational Training for the Eco-Technical Transition / Nancy Lee Wood 19 Sustainability Education in Prisons: Transforming Lives, Transforming the World / Joslyn Rose Trivett, Raquel Pinderhughes, Kelli Bush, Liliana Caughman, and Carri J. LeRoy 20 Bringing the Earth Back into Economics / Joshua Farley 21 New Times, New Tools: Agricultural Education for the Twenty-First Century / Laura Lengnick 22 Educating Engineers for the Anthropocene / Daniel Hoornweg, Nadine Ibrahim, and Chibulu Luo 23 The Evolving Focus of Business Sustainability Education / Andrew J. Hoffman 24 Teaching Doctors to Care for Patient and Planet / Jessica Pierce CONCLUSION 25 The Future of Education: A Glimpse from 2030 / Erik Assadourian Notes Index

Note: Contents 1 Modern Concepts About Oceanic Internal Waves 2 Observations of Internal Tides in the Atlantic Ocean 3 Observations of Internal Tides in the Pacific Ocean 4 Observations of Internal Tides in the Indian Ocean 5 Observations of Internal Tides in the Southern Ocean 6 Observations of Internal Tides in the Arctic Ocean 7 Properties of Internal Tides 8 Semidiurnal Internal Wave Global Field; Global Estimates of Internal Tide Energy Conclusions

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Understanding Change Through the Lens of Resilience / Wanglin Yan and Will Galloway Part II Recognizing Vulnerability 2 Japan After March 11th 2011: Between Swift Reconstruction and Sustainable Restructuring / Christian Dimmer 3 Climate Change Vulnerability of Olive Oil Groves in Dry Areas of Tunisia: Case Study in the Governorate of Médenine / Mohamed Ouessar 4 The Vehicle Transportation Problem in the Megacity São Paulo (Brazil) / Renato Cesar Sato and Luciana Ferreira da Silva 5 Disasters and Their Impacts on Air Quality in the Human Living Environment / Yoshika Sekine and Naohide Shinohara 6 Vulnerability of Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems in Mongolia / T. Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, Dennis Ojima, R. Tsolmon and B. Suvdantsetseg Part III Awareness and Preparedness for Change 7 The Importance of Information Availability for Climate Change Preparedness in the Cultural Heritage Sector: A Comparison Between the UK and Japan / Matthew Jones 8 Anticipating Environmental Change in Development Planning for the Archipelago of Indonesia / Abimanyu Takdir Alamsyah 9 Institutional and Technical Innovation in Pakistan for Resilience to Extreme Climate Events / Pervaiz Amir 10 Development of an International Institutional Framework for Climate Adaptation and Practice in Adaptation Planning in Developing Countries / Makoto Kato 11 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Products and Services by Japanese Companies with Base-of-the- Economic-Pyramid (BoP) Businesses / Tokutaro Hiramoto 12 Systems Established for Reconstruction After the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the Current Situation on the Ground / Sosuke Tanaka Part IV Tools and Methods for Building Resiliency 13 Developing an ICT-Based Toolbox for Resilient Capacity Building: Challenges, Obstacles and Approaches / Qian Ye, Xiaobing Hu and Zhangang Han 14 Development of Tools to Assess Vulnerability to Climate Change in South Asia / Upali Imbulana 15 Development Plan as a Tool to Improve the Disaster Resilience of Urban Areas / Ranjith Perera and Dzul Khaimi bin Khailani 16 Swarm Planning—Developing a Tool for Innovative Resilience Planning / Rob Roggema and Nikolay Popov Part V Transformation from Disaster and Crisis 17 Green Infrastructure in Reconstruction After the 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: A Case Study of Historical Change on Awaji Island in Japan / Tomohiro Ichinose 18 The Long Term Economic Value of Holistic Ecological Planning for Disaster Risk / Misato Uehara 19 Disaster Response and Public Consultation in Cleaning Up Radioactive Contamination of the Environment / Mimi Nameki 20 Building Resilience in Africa Through Transformation and a Green Economy: Challenges and Opportunities / Andries Jordaan Part VI Building Resiliency with Community 21 Community Based Environmental Design: Empowering Local Expertise in Design Charrettes / Rob Roggema, Lisa Vos and John Martin 22 Solar-Based Decentralized Energy Solution—A Case of Entrepreneur Based Model from Rural India / Manjushree Banerjee, I.H. Rehman and Jitendra Tiwari 23 The Importance of Social Capital in Building Community Resilience / Daniel P. Aldrich 24 The Veneer House Experience: The Role of Architects in Recovering Community After Disaster / Hiroto Kobayashi Part VII Conclusion 25 Understanding Resilience Through the Lens of Change / Will Galloway and Wanglin Yan

Note: Contents 1 The Protein Data Bank 2 Seeing Is Believing: Methods of Structure Solution 3 Visualizing the Invisible World of Molecules 4 The Twists and Turns of DNA 5 The Central Dogma 6 The Secret of Life: The Genetic Code 7 Evolution in Action 8 How Evolution Shapes Proteins 9 The Universe of Protein Folds 10 Order and Chaos in Protein Structure 11 Molecular Electronics 12 Green Energy 13 Peak Performance 14 Cellular Signaling Networks 15 GPCRs Revealed 16 Signaling with Hormones 17 Single-Molecule Chemistry: Enzyme Action and the Transition State 18 Seven Wonders of the World of Enzymes 19 Building Bodies 20 Coloring the Biological World 21 Amazing Antibodies 22 Attack and Defense: Weapons of the Immune System 23 Reconstructing HIV Erratum

Note: Contents 1 Introduction and Historical Perspective / Robert L. Price and W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 2 The Theory of Fluorescence / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 3 Fluorescence Microscopy / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome and Robert L. Price 4 Specimen Preparation / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome, John Fuseler, Caleb A. Padgett, and Robert L. Price 5 Labeling Considerations for Confocal Microscopy / R. M. Albrecht and J. A. Oliver 6 Digital Imaging / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 7 Confocal Digital Image Capture / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 8 Types of Confocal Instruments: Basic Principles and Advantages and Disadvantages / John Fuseler, W. Gray (Jay) Jerome, and Robert L. Price 9 Setting the Confocal Microscope Operating Parameters / Amy E. Rowley, Anna M. Harper, and Robert L. Price 10 3D Reconstruction of Confocal Image Data / Thomas C. Trusk 11 Analysis of Image Similarity and Relationship / Jesse Aaron and Teng-Leong Chew 12 Ethics and Resources / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome and Robert L. Price Glossary (Terms Are Defined with Respect to Confocal Imaging) Index

Note: Contents Preface Introduction to the second edition What this book is about How the book is organized Why R? Updates Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Getting and Getting Acquainted with R 1.1 Getting started 1.2 Getting R 1.3 Getting R Studio 1.4 Let's play 1.5 Usin g R as a giant calculator (the size of your computer) 1.6 Your first script 1.7 Intermezzo remarks 1.8 Important functionality: packages 1.9 Getting help 1.10 A mini-practical - some in-depth play 1.11 Some more top tips and hints for a successful first (and more) R experience Appendix 1a Mini-tutorial solutions Appendix 1b File extensions and operating systems Chapter 2: Getting Your Data into R 2.1 Getting data ready for R 2.2 Getting your data into R 2.3 Checking that your data are your data 2.4 Basic troubleshooting while importing data 2.5 Summing up Appendix Advanced activity: dealing with untidy data Chapter 3: Data Management, Manipulation, and Exploration with dplyr 3.1 Summary statistics for each variable 3.2 dplyr verbs 3.3 Subsetting 3.4 Transforming 3.5 Sorting 3.6 Mini-summary and two top tips 3.7 Calculating summary statistics about groups of your data 3.8 What have you learned ... lots Appendix 3a Comparing classic methods and dplyr Appendix 3b Advanced dplyr Chapter 4: Visualizing Your Data 4.1 The first step in every data analysis — making a picture 4.2 ggplot2: a grammar for graphics 4.3 Box-and-whisker plots 4.4 Distributions: making histograms of numeric variables 4.5 Saving your graphs for presentation, documents, etc. 4.6 Closing remarks Chapter 5: Introducing Statistics in R 5.1 Getting started doing statistics in R 5.2 x2 contingency table analysis 5.3 Two-sample t-test 5.4 Introducing ... linear models 5.5 Simple linear regression 5.6 Analysis of variance: the one-way ANOVA 5.7 Wrapping up Appendix Getting packages not on CRAN Chapter 6: Advancing Your Statistics in R 6.1 Getting started with more advanced statistics 6.2 The two-way ANOVA 6.3 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) 6.4 Overview: an analysis workflow Chapter 7: Getting Started with Generalized Linear Models 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Counts and rates — Poisson GLMs 7.3 Doing it wrong 7.4 Doing it right — the Poisson GLM 7.5 When a Poisson GLM isn’t good for counts 7.6 Summary, and beyond simple Poisson regression Chapter 8: Pimping Your Plots: Scales and Themes in ggplot2 8.1 What you already know about graphs 8.2 Preparation 8.3 What you may want to customize 8.4 Axis labels, axis limits, and annotation 8.5 Scales 8.6 The theme 8.7 Summing up Chapter 9: Closing Remarks: Final Comments and Encouragement General Appendices Appendix 1 Data Sources Appendix 2 Further Reading Appendix 3 R Markdown Index

Note: IntroductionMain Assumptions of the Assignment Process -- Definition of Collapse -- Proposing a Range for Fatality Rates in a Collapsed Building -- Assignments of judgment-based fatality rates -- Conclusions. ..

Note: Front Cover; Dedication; Contents; Preface to the First Edition; Preface to the Second Edition; CHAPTER 1 - Introduction; CHAPTER 2 - Data Foundations; CHAPTER 3 - Human Perception and Information Processing; CHAPTER 4 - Visualization Foundations; CHAPTER 5 - Visualization Techniques for Spatial Data; CHAPTER 6 - Visualization Techniques for Geospatial Data; CHAPTER 7 - Visualization Techniques for Time-Oriented Data; CHAPTER 8 - Visualization Techniques for Multivariate Data; CHAPTER 9 - Visualization Techniques for Trees, Graphs, and Networks; CHAPTER 10 - Text and Document Visualization. , CHAPTER 11 - Interaction ConceptsCHAPTER 12 - Interaction Techniques; CHAPTER 13 - Designing Effective Visualizations; CHAPTER 14 - Comparing and Evaluating Visualization Techniques; CHAPTER 15 - Visualization Systems; CHAPTER 16 - Research Directions in Visualization; APPENDIX A - History of Computer Graphics and Visualization; APPENDIX B - Example Data Sets; APPENDIX C - Sample Programs; Bibliography; Back Cover.

Note: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2015

Note: IntroductionScience in Society -- Knowing and Acting -- Trans-disciplinary Deliberation -- Conclusions/Recommandations..

Note: 1. Eine kurze Geschichte der Wissenschaftskommunikation 3 Schlüsselideen -- 2. Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Vom Elfenbeinturm auf den Marktplatz -- 3. Technik und Gesellschaft -- 4. Öffentlichkeit: Wen erreicht Wissenschaftskommunikation? -- 5. Dimensionen der Verständlichkeit -- 6. Erklärungen: Gute Bekannte oder falsche Freunde? -- 7. Bildung: Wer sollte was über Wissenschaft wissen? -- 8. Kontroversen: Ein Schlüssel zur Wissenschaftskommunikation -- 9. isiko: Zwischen Wahrnehmung und Konstrukt -- 10. Vertrauen: Eine Art der Komplexitätsreduktion -- 11 Einstellungen und Rezeption -- 12. Akzeptanz: Ziel oder Unwort? -- Akteure und Ansätze -- 13. Wissenschaftler als Kommunikatoren -- 14. Schule und andere Lernorte -- 15. Experimente: Jeder ist ein Forscher -- 16. Gläserne Wissenschaft -- 17. Journalisten und Medien -- 18. Wissenschaftskommunikation in sozialen Netzwerken -- 19. Wissenschaftskommunikation als Marketing -- 20. Wissenschaft berät Politik und Gesellschaft -- 21. Dialog: Austausch auf Augenhöhe und in beide Richtungen -- Fallbeispiele -- 22. Evolutionstheorie: Wissen, Glauben, Kontroverse -- 23. Chemie: Vom Umweltproblem zum Problemlöser? -- 24. Nanotechnologie: Visionen, Definitionen, Kontroversen -- 25. Kernenergie: Von der Hochglanzbroschüre zum Vertrauensverlust -- 26. Gentechnik: Verhärtete Fronten oder kommunikativer Neubeginn?- Epilog -- 27. Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Ziele..

Note: ""Cover""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Conventions""; ""Abbreviations""; ""1. Introduction""; ""PART I The Early Years""; ""2. Early attempts at monetary union and the Hague Summit""; ""3. The Werner Report and the collapse of Bretton Woods""; ""4. The 'snake in the tunnel' reappears""; ""5. Monetarism arrives amidst currency turmoil""; ""6. The Delors Report""; ""7. Onward to Maastricht""; ""8. The Maastricht Treaty""; ""9. Converging to crisis and austerity""; ""10. The ideological straitjacket""; ""11. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP)"". , ""12. The convergence farce: smokescreens and denial""""PART II The Path to Crisis""; ""13. The first few years: smug self-congratulation and mass delusion""; ""14. The 2003 fiscal crisis""; ""15. The German 'jobwunder'""; ""16. European Groupthink: denial on a grand scale""; ""PART III The Options for Europe""; ""17. A monetary framework for fiscal policy activism""; ""18. Framing the debate: two alternative visions of the economy""; ""19. The basic principles of functional finance""; ""20. The federal solution""; ""21. Overt Monetary Financing""; ""22. Abandoning the euro"". , ""23. Employment guarantees""""References""; ""Index"".

Note: Land and Water Resources of Siberia, their Functioning and Ecological StateStatus Report about Understanding, Monitoring and Controlling Landscape Processes in Siberia -- Methods for Monitoring the Chemical Composition of Lake Baikal Water -- Microbiological Monitoring of Lake Baikal -- Developing the Regional Indicator Indexes of Zooplankton for Water Quality Class Determination of Water Bodies in Siberia -- Measuring and Estimating Fluxes of Carbon, Major and Trace Elements to the Arctic Ocean -- Measuring Snowmelt in Siberia: Causes, Process and Consequences -- Estimation of Biomass and Net Primary Production (NPP) in West Siberian Boreal Ecosystems: In-Situ and Remote Sensing Methods -- GIS and Remote Sensing Data Based Methods for Monitoring Water and Soil Objects in the Steppe Biome of Western Siberia -- Significant Siberian Vegetation Change is Inevitably Brought on by the Changing Climate..

Note: Contents: Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Good health -- 3. The invisible mind -- 4. Inputs and outcomes -- 5. The individual -- 6. The practitioner -- 7. The public -- 8. The logic of insurance -- 9. Insurance: private and public -- 10. Equity and equality -- 11. The right to health -- 12. Inequality and health -- 13. Narrowing the gap -- 14. Equalising medical care -- 15. The cost of care -- 16. Cost containment -- 17. State, market and cost -- 18. Conclusion -- References -- Index

Note: Introduction -- Statistical Preliminaries -- Information Theory -- Transfer Entropy -- Information Transfer in Canonical Systems -- Information Transfer in Financial Markets -- Miscellaneous Applications of Transfer Entropy -- Concluding Remarks

Note: Zusammenfassung, Einführung und Inhaltsverzeichnis auch in engl. Sprache

Note: IntroductionMethodology of Seismic Tomography -- Subduction Zone Tomography -- Large Earthquakes and Seismotectonics -- Hotspots and Mantle Plumes -- East Asia Structure and Tectonics -- Global Tomography and Deep Earth dynamics -- Seismic Tomography of the Moon..

Note: IntroductionSingle-particle motions -- Plasmas as fluids -- Waves in plasmas -- Diffusion and resistivity -- Equilibrium and stability -- Kinetic theory -- Nonlinear effects -- Special plasmas -- Plasma applications..

Note: Table of contents Part 1: Introduction and Key Concepts 1: Introduction to Planetary Health 2: Key Concepts in Planetary Health Part 2: Conceptual Frameworks for Planetary Health 3: The Evolutionary Biology Approach: a Natural Baseline for Human Health 4: The Natural Capital Approach: Opportunities and Challenges 5: The One Earth Approach: Planetary Health in an Era of Limits 6: The Transhuman Approach: Technoscience and Nature Part 3: Human Health in an Era of Global Environmental Change 7: Trends in Human Health 8: The Demographic Transition 9: The Epidemiological Transition 10: The Ecological Transition 11: Agriculture: Land Use, Food Systems and Biodiversity 12: Urbanization, Living Standards and Sustainability 13: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming 14: Environmental Protection: a Key Tool for Planetary Health 15: Conclusions: Equity, Distribution and Planetary Health Part 4: Case Studies of Planetary Health 16: Climate Change, Land Use and Waterborne Infectious Disease 17: Sanitation, Clean Energy and Fertilizer 18: Trees, Well-being and Urban Greening 19: Livestock, Antibiotics and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Note: Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction to environmental DNA (eDNA) 1.1 Definitions 1.2 A brief history of eDNA analysis 1.3 Constraints when working with eDNA 1.4 Workflow in eDNA studies and main methods used 1.5 Environmental DNA as a monitoring tool 2 DNA metabarcode choice and design 2.1 Which DNA metabarcode? 2.2 Properties of the ideal DNA metabarcode 2.3 In silica primer design and testing 2.3.1 Prerequisites 2.3.2 Reference sequences: description, filtering, and formatting for ecoPrimers 2.3.3 In silica primer design with ecoPrimers 2.3.3.1 'Ihe ecoPrimers output 2.3.4 In silica primer testing with ecoPCR 2.3.4.1 The ecoPCR output 2.3.4.2 Filtering of the ecoPCR output 2.3.4.3 Evaluation of primer conservation 2.3.4.4 Taxonomic resolution and Bs index 2.4 Examples of primer pairs available for DNA metabarcoding 3 Reference databases 3.1 Extracting reference databases from EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ 3.1.1 Downloading a local copy of EMBL 3.1.2 Identifying sequences corresponding to the relevant metabarcode 3.2 Marker-specific reference databases 3.2.1 Nuclear rRNA gene reference databases 3.2.2 Eukaryote-specific databases 3.3 Building a local reference database 3.3.1 PCR-based local reference database 3.3.2 Shotgun-based local reference database 3.4 Current challenges and future directions 4 Sampling 4.1 The cycle of eDNA in the environment 4.1.1 State and origin 4.1.2 Fate 4.1.3 Transport 4.2 Sampling design 4.2.1 Focusing on the appropriate DNA population 4.2.2 Defining the sampling strategy 4.3 Sample preservation 5 DNA extraction 5.1 From soil samples 5.2 From sediment 5.3 From litter 5.4 From fecal samples 5.5 From water samples 6 DNA amplification and multiplexing 6.1 Principle of the PCR 6.2 Which polymerase to choose? 6.3 The standard PCR reaction 6.4 The importance of including appropriate controls 6.4.1 Extraction negative controls 6.4.2 PCR negative controls 6.4.3 PCR positive controls 6.4.4 Tagging system controls 6.4.5 Internal controls 6.5 PCR optimization 6.6 How to limit the risk of contamination? 6.7 Blocking oligonucleotides for reducing the amplification of undesirable sequences 6.8 How many PCR replicates? 6.9 Multiplexing several metabarcodes within the same PCR 6.10 Multiplexing many samples on the same sequencing lane 6.10.1 Overview of the problem 6.10.2 Strategy 1: single-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.3 Strategy 2: two-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.4 Strategy 3: single-step PCR with tagged primers 7 DNA sequencing 7.1 Overview of the first, second, and third generations of sequencing technologies 7.2 The Illumina technology 7.2.1 Library preparation 7.2.2 Flow cell, bridge PCR, and clusters 7.2.3 Sequencing by synthesis 7.2.4 Quality scores of the sequence reads 8 DNA metabarcoding data analysis 8.1 Basic sequence handling and curation 8.1.1 Sequencing quality 8.1.1.1 The pros and cons of read quality-based filtering 8.1.1.2 Quality trimming software 8.1.2 Paired-end read pairing 8.1.3 Sequence demultiplexing 8.1.4 Sequence dereplication 8.1.5 Rough sequence curation 8.2 Sequence classification 8.2.1 Taxonomic classification 8.2.2 Unsupervised classification 8.2.3 Chimera identification 8.3 Taking advantages of experimental controls 8.3.1 Filtering out potential contaminants 8.3.2 Removing dysfunctional PCRs 8.4 General considerations on ecological analyses 8.4.1 Sampling effort and representativeness 8.4.1.1 Evaluating representativeness of the sequencing per PCR 8.4.1.2 Evaluating representativeness at the sampling unit or site level 8.4.2 Handling samples with varying sequencing depth 8.4.3 Going further and adapting the ecological models to metabarcoding 9 Single-species detection 9.1 Principle of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) 9.1.1 Recording amplicon accumulation in real time via fluorescence measurement 9.1.2 The typical amplification curve 9.1.3 Quantification of target sequences with the Ct method 9.2 Design and testing of qPCR barcodes targeting a single species 9.2.1 1he problem of specificity 9.2.2 qPCR primers and probe 9.2.3 Candidate qPCR barcodes 9.3 Additional experimental considerations 9.3.1 General issues associated with sampling, extraction, and PCR amplification 9.3.2 The particular concerns of contamination and inhibition 10 Environmental DNA for functional diversity 10.1 Functional diversity from DNA metabarcoding 10.1.1 Functional inferences 10.1.2 Targeting active populations 10.2 Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics: sequencing more than a barcode 10.2.1 General sampling constraints 10.2.1.1 Optimization of the number of samples 10.2.1.2 Enrichment in target organisms 10.2.1.3 Enrichment in functional information 10.2.2 General molecular constraints 10.2.3 From sequences to functions 10.2.3.1 Assembling (or not) a metagenome 10.2.3.2 Sorting contigs or reads in broad categories 10.2.3.3 Extracting functional information via taxonomic inferences 10.2.3.4 Functional annotation of metagenomes 11 Some early landmark studies 11.1 Emergence of the concept of eDNA and first results on microorganisms 11.2 Examining metagenomes to explore the functional information carried by eDNA 11.3 Extension to macroorganisms 12 Freshwater ecosystems 12.1 Production, persistence, transport, and delectability of eDNA in freshwater ecosystems 12.1.1 Production 12.1.2 Persistence 12.1.3 Transport/ diffusion distance 12.1.4 Detectability 12.2 Macroinvertebrates 12.3 Diatoms and microeukaryotes 12.4 Aquatic plants 12.5 Fish, amphibians, and other vertebrates 12.5.1 Species detection 12.5.2 Biomass estimates 12.6 Are rivers conveyer belts of biodiversity information? 13 Marine environments 13.1 Environmental DNA cycle and transport in marine ecosystems 13.2 Marine microbial diversity 13.3 Environmental DNA for marine macroorganisms 14 Terrestrial ecosystems 14.1 Delectability, persistence, and mobility of eDNA in soil 14.2 Plant community characterization 14.3 Earthworm community characterization 14.4 Bacterial community or metagenome characterization 14.5 Multitaxa diversity surveys 1 5 Paleoenvironments 15.1 Lake sediments 15.1.1 Pollen, macrofossils, and DNA metabarcoding 15.1.2 Plants and mammals from Lake Anteme 15.1.3 Viability in the ice-free corridor in North America 15.2 Permafrost 15.2.1 Overview of the emergence of permafrost as a source of eDNA 15.2.2 Large-scale analysis of permafrost samples for reconstructing past plant communities 15.3 Archaeological midden material 15.3.1 Bulk archaeological fish bones from Madagascar 15.3.2 Midden from Greenland to assess past human diet 16 Host-associated microbiota 16.1 DNA dynamics 16.2 Early molecular-based works 16.3 Post-holobiont works 17 Diet analysis 17.1 Some seminal diet studies 17.1.1 Proof of concept-analyzing herbivore diet using next-generation sequencing 17.1.2 Assessing the efficiency of conservation actions in Bialowieza forest 17.1.3 Characterizing carnivore diet, or how to disentangle predator and prey eDNA 17.1.4 Analyzing an omnivorous diet, or integrating several diets in a single one 17.2 Methodological and experimental specificities of eDNA diet analyses 17.2.1 eDNAsources 17.2.1.1 Feces 17.2.1.2 Gut content 17.2.1.3 Whole body 17.2.2 Quantitative aspects 17.2.2.1 Relationship between the amount of ingested food and DNA quantity in the sample 17.2.2.2 Quantifying DNA with PCR and next-generation sequencing 17.2.2.3 Empirical correction of abundances 17.2.3 Diet as a sample of the existing biodiversity 17.2.4 Problematic diets 18 Analysis of bulk samples 18.1 What is a bulk sample? 18.2 Case studies 18.2.1 Bulk insect samples for biodiversity monitoring 18.2.2 Nematode diversity in tropical rainforest 18.2.3 Marine metawan diversity in benthic ecosystems 18.3 Metabarcoding markers for bulk samples 18.4 Alternative strategies 19 The future of eDNA metabarcoding 19.1 PCR-based approaches 19.1.1 Singl

Note: Introduction -- Procedures and criteria for the definition of Global Heritage Stone Resources -- The 'Global Heritage Stone Resource' designation: past, present and future -- Global stone heritage: Larvikite, Norway -- The Hallandia gneiss, a Swedish heritage stone resource -- The Kolmården serpentine marble in Sweden: a stone found both in castles and peoples homes -- Global Heritage Stone: Estremoz Marbles, Portugal -- Contribution of Portuguese two-mica granites to stone built heritage: the historical value of Oporto granite -- Piedra Pajarilla: a candidacy as a global heritage stone resource for Martinamor granite -- The Sierra Nevada serpentinites: the serpentinites most used in Spanish heritage buildings -- Villamayor Stone (Golden Stone) as a Global Heritage Stone Resource from Salamanca (NW of Spain) -- Colmenar Limestone, Madrid, Spain: considerations for its nomination as a Global Heritage Stone Resource due to its long term durability -- Carrara Marble: a nomination for Global Heritage Stone Resource from Italy -- Rosa Beta granite (Sardinian Pink Granite): a heritage stone of international significance from Italy -- Pietra Serena: the stone of the Renaissance -- Ornamental stones of the Verbano Cusio Ossola quarry district: characterization of materials, quarrying techniques and history and relevance to local and national heritage -- Stone materials used for monumental buildings in the historical centre of Turin (NW Italy): architectonical survey and petrographic characterization of Via Roma -- Podpec limestone: a heritage stone from Slovenia -- Stone heritage in Southeast Slovenia -- Ornamental stone in the history of St Petersburg architecture -- Natural stone in the built heritage of the interior of Brazil: the use of stone in Minas Gerais -- Piedra Mar del Plata: An Argentine orthoquartzite worthy of being considered as a Global Heritage Stone Resource..

Note: Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1. North-East Eurasia (Siberia) in the Context of World History: New Concepts / Vladislav Kokoulin and Igor Likhomanov Chapter 2. The Past, Present, and Future of the use of the Agricultural Soils of Siberia / W. Halicki and K. Kita Chapter 3. Agroecological Monitoring of the Carbon Transformation in Agroecosystems on Gray Forest Soils of the Baikal Region under Current Climatic Changes and Conditions of Fluoride Pollution / L. V. Pomazkina and Yu. V. Semenova Chapter 4. Ecology of Avian Influenza Viruses in Siberia / Maria Alessandra De Marco, Kirill Sharshov, Marina Gulyaeva, Mauro Delogu, Lorenzo Ciccarese, Maria Rita Castrucci, Alexander Shestopalov Chapter 5. Assessment of Biogenic Substances of Selected Terrestrial Waters in the Northern Part of Western Siberia: Significance for Ecology and Climate Change / W. Halicki, M. W. Kochanska and S. N. Kirpotin Chapter 6. Quality Assessment of Selected Surface Waters of the Arctic Tundra of Western Siberia in the Context of Climate Change / W. Halicki, M.W. Kochanska and S.N. Kirpotin Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Why Numerical Ecology? 1.2 Why R? 1.3 Readership and Structure of the Book 1.4 How to Use This Book 1.5 The Data Sets 1.5.1 The Doubs Fish Data 1.5.2 The Oribatid Mite Data 1.6 A Quick Reminder About Help Sources 1.7 Now It Is Time 2 Exploratory Data Analysis 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Data Exploration 2.2.1 Data Extraction 2.2.2 Species Data: First Contact 2.2.3 Species Data: A Closer Look 2.2.4 Ecological Data Transformation 2.2.5 Environmental Data 2.3 Conclusion 3 Association Measures and Matrices 3.1 Objectives 3.2 The Main Categories of Association Measures (Short Overview) 3.2.1 Q Mode and R Mode 3.2.2 Symmetrical or Asymmetrical Coefficients in Q Mode: The Double-Zero Problem 3.2.3 Association Measures for Qualitative or Quantitative Data 3.2.4 To Summarize 3.3 Q Mode: Computing Dissimilarity Matrices Among Objects 3.3.1 Q Mode: Quantitative Species Data 3.3.2 Q Mode: Binary (Presence-Absence) Species Data 3.3.3 Q Mode: Quantitative Data (Excluding Species Abundances) 3.3.4 Q Mode: Binary Data (Excluding Species Presence-Absence Data) 3.3.5 Q Mode: Mixed Types Including Categorical (Qualitative Multiclass) Variables 3.4 R Mode: Computing Dependence Matrices Among Variables 3.4.1 R Mode: Species Abundance Data 3.4.2 R Mode: Species Presence-Absence Data 3.4.3 R Mode: Quantitative and Ordinal Data (Other than Species Abundances) 3.4.4 R Mode: Binary Data (Other than Species Abundance Data) 3.5 Pre-transformations for Species Data 3.6 Conclusion 4 Cluster Analysis 4.1 Objectives 4.2 Clustering Overview 4.3 Hierarchical Clustering Based on Links 4.3.1 Single Linkage Agglomerative Clustering 4.3.2 Complete Linkage Agglomerative Clustering 4.4 Average Agglomerative Clustering 4.5 Ward's Minimum Variance Clustering 4.6 Flexible Clustering 4.7 Interpreting and Comparing Hierarchical Clustering Results 4.7.1 Introduction 4.7.2 Cophenetic Correlation 4.7.3 Looking for Inteipretable Clusters 4.8 Non-hierarchical Clustering 4.8.1 k-means Partitioning 4.8.2 Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) 4.9 Comparison with Environmental Data 4.9.1 Comparing a Typology with External Data (ANOVA Approach) 4.9.2 Comparing Two Typologies (Contingency Table Approach) 4.10 Species Assemblages 4.10.1 Simple Statistics on Group Contents 4.10.2 Kendall's W Coefficient of Concordance 4.10.3 Species Assemblages in Presence-Absence Data 4.10.4 Species Co-occurrence Network 4.11 Indicator Species 4.11.1 Introduction 4.11.2 IndVal: Species Indicator Values 4.11.3 Correlation-Type Indices 4.12 Multivariate Regression Trees (MRT): Constrained Clustering 4.12.1 Introduction 4.12.2 Computation (Principle) 4.12.3 Application Using Packages mvpart and MVPARTwrap 4.12.4 Combining MRT and IndVal 4.13 MRT as a Monothetic Clustering Method 4.14 Sequential Clustering 4.15 A Very Different Approach: Fuzzy Clustering 4.15.1 Fuzzy c-means Using Package cluster's Function fanny () 4.15.2 Noise Clustering Using the vegclust () Function 4.16 Conclusion 5 Unconstrained Ordination 5.1 Objectives 5.2 Ordination Overview 5.2.1 Multidimensional Space 5.2.2 Ordination in Reduced Space 5.3 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 5.3.1 Overview 5.3.2 PCA of the Environmental Variables of the Doubs River Data Using rda () 5.3.3 PCA on Transformed Species Data 5.3.4 Domain of Application of PCA 5.3.5 PCA Using Function PCA. newr () 5.3.6 Imputation of Missing Values in PCA 5.4 Correspondence Analysis (CA) 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 CA Using Function cca () of Package vegan 5.4.3 CA Using Function CA. newr () 5.4.4 Arch Effect and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) 5.4.5 Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) 5.5 Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) 5.5.1 Introduction 5.5.2 Application of PCoA to the Doubs Data Set Using cmdscaleO and vegan 5.5.3 Application of PCoA to the Doubs Data Set Using pcoa () 5.6 Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) 5.6.1 Introduction 5.6.2 Application to the Doubs Fish Data 5.6.3 PCoA or NMDS? 5.7 Hand-Written PCA Ordination Function 6 Canonical Ordination 6.1 Objectives 6.2 Canonical Ordination Overview 6.3 Redundancy Analysis (RDA) 6.3.1 Introduction 6.3.2 RDA of the Doubs River Data 6.3.3 Distance-Based Redundancy Analysis (db-RDA) 6.3.4 A Hand-Written RDA Function 6.4 Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) 6.4.1 Introduction 6.4.2 CCA of the Doubs River Data 6.5 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) 6.5.1 Introduction 6.5.2 Discriminant Analysis Using Ida () 6.6 Other Asymmetric Analyses 6.6.1 Principal Response Curves (PRC) 6.6.2 Co-correspondence Analysis (CoCA) 6.7 Symmetric Analysis of Two (or More) Data Sets 6.8 Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCorA) 6.8.1 Introduction 6.8.2 Canonical Correlation Analysis Using CCorA () 6.9 Co-inertia Analysis (CoIA) 6.9.1 Introduction 6.9.2 Co-inertia Analysis Using Function coinertia () of ade4 6.10 Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) 6.10.1 Introduction 6.10.2 Multiple Factor Analysis Using FactoMineR 6.11 Relating Species Traits and Environment 6.11.1 The Fourth-Corner Method 6.11.2 RLQ Analysis 6.11.3 Application in R 6.12 Conclusion 7 Spatial Analysis of Ecological Data 7.1 Objectives 7.2 Spatial Structures and Spatial Analysis: A Short Overview 7.2.1 Introduction 7.2.2 Induced Spatial Dependence and Spatial Autocorrelation 7.2.3 Spatial Scale 7.2.4 Spatial Heterogeneity 7.2.5 Spatial Correlation or Autocorrelation Functions and Spatial Correlograms 7.2.6 Testing for the Presence of Spatial Correlation: Conditions 7.2.7 Modelling Spatial Structures 7.3 Multivariate Trend-Surface Analysis 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Trend-Surface Analysis in Practice 7.4 Eigenvector-Based Spatial Variables and Spatial Modelling 7.4.1 Introduction 7.4.2 Distance-Based Moran's Eigenvector Maps (dbMEM) and Principal Coordinates of Neighbour Matrices (PCNM) 7.4.3 MEM in a Wider Context: Weights Other than Geographic Distances 7.4.4 MEM with Positive or Negative Spatial Correlation: Which Ones should Be Used? 7.4.5 Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps (AEM): When Directionality Matters 7.5 Another Way to Look at Spatial Structures: Multiscale Ordination (MSO) 7.5.1 Principle 7.5.2 Application to the Mite Data - Exploratory Approach 7.5.3 Application to the Detrended Mite and Environmental Data 7.6 Space-Time Interaction Test in Multivariate ANOVA, Without Replicates 7.6.1 Introduction 7.6.2 Testing the Space-Time Interaction with the sti Functions 7.7 Conclusion 8 Community Diversity 8.1 Objectives 8.2 The Multiple Facets of Diversity 8.2.1 Introduction 8.2.2 Species Diversity Measured by a Single Number 8.2.3 Taxonomic Diversity Indices in Practice 8.3 When Space Matters: Alpha, Beta and Gamma Diversities 8.4 Beta Diversity 8.4.1 Beta Diversity Measured by a Single Number 8.4.2 Beta Diversity as the Variance of the Community Composition Table: SCBD and LCBD Indices 8.4.3 Partitioning Beta Diversity into Replacement, Richness Difference and Nestedness Components 8.5 Functional Diversity, Functional Composition and Phylogenetic Diversity of Communities 8.5.1 Alpha Functional Diversity 8.5.2 Beta Taxonomic, Phylogenetic and Functional Diversities 8.6 Conclusion Bibliography Index

Note: Contents: 1 The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop and Christian Wiencke Part I. Atmospheric conditions 2 The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund : climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation / Marion Maturilli, Inger Hanssen-Bauer, Roland Neuber, Markus Rex, and Kåre Edvardsen Part II. Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime 3 The Kongsfjorden Transect : seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography / Vigdis Tverberg, Ragnheid Skogseth, Finlo Cottier, Arild Sundfjord, Waldemar Walczowski, Mark E. Inall, Eva Falck, Olga Pavlova, and Frank Nilsen 4 Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) / Olga Pavlova, Sebastian Gerland, and Haakon Hop 5 The underwater light climate in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications / Alexey K. Pavlov, Eva Leu, Dieter Hanelt, Inka Bartsch, Ulf Karsten, Stephen R. Hudson, Jean-Charles Gallet, Finlo Cottier, Jonathan H. Cohen, Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Marion Maturilli, Piotr Kowalczuk, Sławomir Sagan, Justyna Meler, and Mats A. Granskog Part III. Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton 6 Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf / Else N. Hegseth, Philipp Assmy, Józef M. Wiktor, Józef Wiktor Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Eva Leu, Vigdis Tverberg, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Ragnheid Skogseth, and Finlo Cottier 7 Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change / Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Mikko Vihtakari, Malin Daase, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Marta Gluchowska, Silke Lischka, Friedrich Buchholz and Stig Falk-Petersen Part IV. Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna 8 Living on cold substrata : new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden / Ulf Karsten, Iris Schaub, Jana Woelfel, Duygu S. Sevilgen, Carolin Schlie, Burkhard Becker, Angela Wulff, Martin Graeve, and Heiko Wagner 9 Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden / Stein Fredriksen, Ulf Karsten, Inka Bartsch, Jana Woelfel, Miriam Koblowsky, Rhena Schumann, Siri Røang Moy, Robert S. Steneck, Józef M. Wiktor, Haakon Hop, and Christian Wiencke 10. Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden : Stress perception and responses / Kai Bischof, Christian Buschbaum, Stein Frederiksen, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Sandra Heinrich, Carlos Jiménez, Cornelius Lütz, Markus Molis, Michael Y. Roleda, Max Schwanitz, and Christian Wiencke 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Molis, Frank Beuchel, Jürgen Laudien, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, and Christian Buschbaum Part V. Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard / Pedro Duarte, Jan Marcin Weslawski, and Haakon Hop 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop, Finlo Cottier, and Jørgen Berge Part VI. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic : knowns, unknowns and research priorities / Kai Bischof, Peter Convey, Pedro Duarte, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Maria Granberg, Haakon Hop, Clara Hoppe, Carlos Jiménez, Leonid Lisitsyn, Brezo Martinez, Michael Y. Roleda, Peter Thor, Józef M. Wiktor, and Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Note: Contents Part I Introduction Population Genomics: Advancing Understanding of Nature / Gordon Luikart, Marty Kardos, Brian K. Hand, Om P. Rajora, Sally N. Aitken, and Paul A. Hohenlohe Part II Methods Genotyping and Sequencing Technologies in Population Genetics and Genomics / J. A. Holliday, E. M. Hallerman, and D. C. Haak Computational Tools for Population Genomics / Jarkko Salojärvi Population and Evolutionary Genetic Inferences in the Whole-Genome Era: Software Challenges / Alexandros Stamatakis Part III Concepts and Approaches Population Epigenomics: Advancing Understanding of Phenotypic Plasticity, Acclimation, Adaptation and Diseases / Ehren R. V. Moler, Abdulkadir Abakir, Maria Eleftheriou, Jeremy S. Johnson, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Lara C. Lewis, Alexey Ruzov, Amy V. Whipple, and Om P. Rajora Landscape Genomics: Understanding Relationships Between Environmental Heterogeneity and Genomic Characteristics of Populations / Niko Balkenhol, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Jeremy S. Johnson, David M. Cairns, Gernot Segelbacher, Kimberly A. Selkoe, Sophie von der Heyden, Ian J. Wang, Oliver Selmoni, and Stéphane Joost Paleogenomics: Genome-Scale Analysis of Ancient DNA and Population and Evolutionary Genomic Inferences / Tianying Lan and Charlotte Lindqvist Genome-Wide Association Studies and Heritability Estimation in the Functional Genomics Era / Dunia Pino Del Carpio, Roberto Lozano, Marnin D. Wolfe, and Jean-Luc Jannink Genomic Selection / Elisabeth Jonas, Freddy Fikse, Lars Rönnegård, and Elena Flavia Mouresan Part IV Population, Evolutionary and Ecological Genetics Applications and Inferences Population Genomics Provides Key Insights in Ecology and Evolution / Paul A. Hohenlohe, Brian K. Hand, Kimberly R. Andrews, and Gordon Luikart Inferring Demographic History Using Genomic Data / Jordi Salmona, Rasmus Heller, Martin Lascoux, and Aaron Shafer Advancing Biogeography Through Population Genomics / Jeremy S. Johnson, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Om P. Rajora, Keith D. Gaddis, and David M. Cairns Adaptation Without Boundaries: Population Genomics in Marine Systems / Marjorie F. Oleksiak Population Genomics of Speciation and Admixture / Nicola J. Nadeau and Takeshi Kawakami Population Genomics of Colonization and Invasion / Shana R. Welles and Katrina M. Dlugosch Population Genomics of Crop Domestication: Current State and Perspectives / Philippe Cubry and Yves Vigouroux Population Genomics of Animal Domestication and Breed Development / Samantha Wilkinson and Pamela Wiener Population Genomics of Domestication and Breed Development in Canines in the Context of Cognitive, Social, Behavioral, and Disease Traits / Kristopher J. L. Irizarry and Elton J. R. Vasconcelos Index