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  • Immunocytochemistry
  • Springer  (336)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 1990-1994  (284)
  • 1975-1979  (69)
  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1950-1954
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (336)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular localization of cathepsin D in ossifying cartilage (1973)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; Extracellular ; Ossification ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De la cathepsine D extracellulaire d'origine principalement ostéoblastique a été démontrée par immunohistochimie dans le cartilage en voide de calcification de cultures d'os des membres d'embryons de poulet. L'intérêt de ce fait pour l'ossification est discuté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde mit einer immunohistochemischen Methode gezeigt, daß extrazelluläres Kathepsin D, welches hauptsächlich aus Osteoblasten gewonnen wurde, Knorpel von kultivierten Knochen von Kükenembryonen mineralisiert. Die Bedeutung dieser Feststellung für den Mechanismus der Knochenbildung wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular cathepsin D derived mainly from osteoblasts has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in ossifying cartilage of cultured embryonic chick limb bones. The relevance of this observation to the mechanism of ossification is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opsin localization and chromophore retinoids identified within the basal brain of the lizard Anolis carolinensis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Extraretinal Photoreceptor ; Chromophore ; Opsin ; Reptile ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the beginning of this century evidence has accumulated which demonstrates that non-mammalian vertebrates possess photoreceptors situated deep within the brain. While many attempts have been made to localize these sensory cells, studies have either failed or been inconclusive. In this report we have used several experimental approaches to localize the deep brain photoreceptors of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Using 3 antibodies that bind vertebrate cone opsins, we have immunolabelled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons located at the ventricular border within the nucleus ventromedialis of the septum. Western blot analysis indicates that these antibodies recognized a single 40 kD protein in ocular, anterior brain, and pineal extracts. Immunoblots of rodent brain did not show a similar protein band. We have also identified specific retinoids associated with phototransduction (11-cis and all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinaldehyde) within anterior brain extracts. This combined data provides the most detailed analysis of deep brain photoreceptors in any vertebrate. Consequently, we feel Anolis provides an excellent model to study this unexplored sensory system of the vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214713
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of an egg-laying hormone-binding protein from the gonad of Aplysia californica and its localization in oocytes (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Egg laying hormone ; Aplysia ; Binding protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A protein solubilized from a membrane preparation of the gonad of Aplysia californica has been isolated by affinity chromatography, using bag cell egg-laying hormone (ELH) as the bound ligand, and partially purified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 52 kDa and consists of two disulfide-linked subunits of about 30 kDa each. The protein is glycosylated and has an acidic pI. Approximately 10–15 μg of this protein can be isolated from a single ovotestis, representing less than 1% of the total protein in the gonad; but the protein could not be detected in buccal mass or body wall, tissues which do not have apparent response to ELH. Antibodies generated against this ELH-binding protein (ELHBP) were used to localize sites in the ovotestis which might contain this molecule and thus represent targets for egg-laying hormone. Immunocytochemical results indicate that the oocytes are a rich source of this protein, since their cytoplasm was the only detectable site of immunoreactivity. Whether this binding protein represents an egg-laying hormone receptor is uncertain, but its prevalence in oocytes suggests that ELH plays a signaling role on these gametes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193520
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro cultures ofNicotiana tabacum var. Samsun (1994)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 125 (1994), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Regeneration ; Tissue culture ; Tobacco plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aflatoxin B1, (0.5–25 µg ml−1) on in vitro root and shoot development in young tobacco explants were investigated. Despite an initial apparent stimulatory effect on most measured parameters at 0.5 µg ml−1 AFB1, the number of leaves, root and leaf mass per plantlet were progressively inhibited with increasing AFB1 concentration. The number of explants developing roots was reduced to 34% at the highest (25 µg ml−1) AFB1 concentration, following 3 weeks exposure to the toxin. Leaf chlorophyll content at this toxin concentration was significantly lower than that measured for control plantlets. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the absorption of AFB1 by the plantlets. Using immunocytochemical techniques, AFB1 was immunolocated predominantly in the vacuoles, the nucleus and the cytoplasm (possibly intravesicularly). The results are discussed in terms of this immunolocation within the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371099
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, originates from the accessory cells of the ovary in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1992)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 201 (1992), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Jelly coat ; Accessory cell ; Oogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical localization of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, was investigated in ovaries of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus by use of a polyclonal antibody. The polyclonal antibody reacted with the accessory cells and oocytes in the ovarian lumen. In the accessory cells, evidence of an intense immunohistochemical reaction was observed in many globules of variable density. Products of the specific immunohistochemical reaction were frequently observed in the surface region of oocytes, at a distance from the ovarian wall. At the ultrastructural level, the polyclonal antibody was found to react with the material present in the vacuole-like structures of the globules in the accessory cells. Many gold particles, demonstrating specific immunolabelling, were associated with well-developed microvilli on the vitellogenic oocytes. In the mature oocytes, intense labelling was observed in the jelly coat but not in the vitelline coat. By contrast, oogonia and early oocytes were barely labelled. Quantitative data indicated that the extent of immunolabellings in the surface region of oocytes was very high in the vitellogenic and mature oocytes. In all cases, neither the oocyte cytoplasm nor the subcellular organelles were labelled. These results suggest that FSG is produced by the accessory cells and is deposited initially on the surface of vitellogenic oocytes for the formation of jelly. These findings may provide a new insight into the role of the accessory cells in the reproductive process of the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188717
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in the production of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, by the accessory cells in the ovary of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1994)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 203 (1994), S. 402-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Egg jelly ; Ovary ; Development ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, originates from the accessory cells in the ovary. In the present study we examined the seasonal variations in the distribution of FSG in the ovary by immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal antibody. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that FSG was present in supernatants of extracts of ovaries throughout the development of the ovary. However, the immunohistochemical study showed that there are marked seasonal changes in the distribution of FSG in ovaries. The polyclonal antibody reacted strongly with globules of accessory cells before the beginning of the breeding season (August to December). During the breeding season (February to April), the immunohistochemical reaction was found on the surface of oocytes but was weak in the accessory cells. At the ultrastructural level, the antibody reacted with globules of variable density in accessory cells. Intense immunolabelling was observed in the vacuole-like structures of the globules. Sometimes, products of the specific immunocytochemical reaction were found in the Golgi apparatus in these globules. Quantitative examination indicated that FSG was actively produced by the accessory cells from the late non-breeding season to the pre-breeding season. These results suggest that there are marked seasonal variations in the production of FSG by the accessory cells in the sea urchin ovary. These findings also provide new evidence that accessory cells exhibit dynamic changes during the reproductive process in the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188689
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of androgen receptor in mouse osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Androgen Receptor ; Osteoclast ; Mouse ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Expression of androgen receptor (AR) in mouse osteoclast-like multi-nucleated cells (OCs) was examined with immunocytochemical techniques. Murine OCs were obtained by co-culturing mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells. Three preparations of polyclonal anti-AR antibody which were raised in rabbit against different parts of the human AR were employed for the experiments. Specific staining for AR was demonstrated in the nuclei and the perinuclear area of mouse OCs. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of AR in osteoclast-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295958
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of enamel matrix proteins on root-analogue surfaces of rabbit permanent incisor teeth (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel-cementum-morphology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The continuously erupting rabbit incisor tooth is normally thought of as having an enamel covered “crown” on its labial surface and a cementum covered “root” on its lingual surface. We have examined both surfaces of continuously erupting rabbit incisor teeth taken from near term embryos by a variety of means, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, biochemical fractionation, and immunohistochemistry. In all cases, we could detect no qualitative difference in the early extracellular matrices taken from the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Both matrices were shown to be composed of dentin and enamel, although the thickness and geometry of the enamel matrix on the lingual surface was somewhat different from that on the labial surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223320
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of growth hormone receptor by immunocytochemistry in rat molar root formation and alveolar bone remodeling (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Growth hormone receptor ; Odontogenesis ; Bone remodeling ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Growth hormone (GH) may regulate tooth formation and bone remodeling associated with tooth eruption. This study reports the distribution of growth hormone receptor/binding protein in developing rat molars and adjacent alveolar bone by immunocytochemistry using well-characterized anti-growth hormone receptor monoclonal antibodies. These tissues represent an excellent model for studying the ontogenic changes that occur in odontogenic and osteogenic cells, as these cells are found in linear arrays displaying the various stages of morphological and functional differention, and differentiated function. Immunoreactivity was first seen in precementoblasts in contact with the epithelial root sheath, and preodontoblasts. However, growth hormone receptor immunoreactivity was associated primarily with the cytoplasm of odontogenic and osteogenic cells forming their respective matrices. Thus, cementoblasts and odontoblasts at sites of new matrix formation showed intense immunoreactivity whereas cementocytes and mature odontoblasts at later stages of tooth development were nonreactive. Osteoblasts engaged in intramembranous ossification in the alveolar bone were positive, although osteocytes and endosteal cells were immunonegative. Osteoclasts at sites of alveolar bone remodeling resorption were also immunopositive. These patterns of receptor expression parallel the ontogenic sequences of odontogenic and osteogenic cells and suggest that GH promotes the functional state of these cells. Our results also imply that GH may influence differentiation or differentiated functions associated with odontogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling independent of systemic insulin-like GF-I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome photoreversibility: Empirical test of the hypothesis that it varies as a consequence of pigment compartmentation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome of oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) coleoptile cells in the red-light-absorbing form, Pr, is diffusely distributed while after conversion to the far-red-light-absorbing form, Pfr, it is observed only in very small areas within the cell. Comparison of phytochrome photoversibility measurements to the distribution of the pigment within the cell indicates that the spectral assay is not influenced by the observed compartmentalization of the chromoprotein. However, the observed compartmentalization of phytochrome is correlated with a loss in spectrophotometrically detectable Pr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387878
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfilaments (F-actin) in generative cells and sperm: an evaluation (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Generative cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Phragmoplast ; Pollen ; Rhodamine phalloidin ; Sperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Disagreement has arisen over the presence of actin-containing microfilaments (Mfs) in angiosperm generative cells and sperm (GSP). In order to address this issue, we subjected GSP of Tradescantia virginiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Rhododendron laetum to a series of localizations using different antiactins, rhodamine phalloidin and antimyosin. Coordinate staining with antitubulin and Hoechst 33258 defined the status of the microtubule (Mt) cytoskeleton and stages of generative cell division. Additional experiments utilized cytochalasin D (CD). In no instance could Mfs be detected in GSP of the three species. Instead, Mfs seen at the periphery of GSP appear to be continuous with vegetative Mfs and thus are in the vegetative cytoplasm. Mfs are not seen in the constriction zone of dividing T. virginiana generative cells, nor are they indicated in the phragmoplast of N. tabacum and R. laetum. Myosin localizations reveal punctate staining in the vegetative cytoplasm and a thin line of fluorescence around the the outside of the generative cell. While CD seems to delay generative cell division, cytokinesis still takes place. CD-induced Mf fragments are evident in the vegetative cytoplasm but not in GSP. The weight of evidence therefore indicates that GSP do not contain Mfs. The implications of this conclusion for the behavior of GSP and the mechanism of cytokinesis in dividing generative cells are considerable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194867
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian photoreception in the retinally degenerate mouse (rd/rd) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Retinally degenerate ; Mouse ; Circadian ; Rods ; Cones ; 11-cis retinaldehyde ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of light on circadian locomotor rhythms in retinally degenerate mice (C57BL/6J mice homozygous for the rd allele: rd/rd). The sensitivity of circadian photoreception in these mice was determined by varying the irradiance of a 15 min light pulse (515 nm) given at circadian time 16 and meauring the magnitude of the phase shift of the locomotor rhythm. Experiments were performed on animals 80 days of age. Despite the loss of visual photoreceptors in the rd/rd retina, animals showed circadian responses to light that were indistinguishable from mice with normal retinas (rd/+ and +/+). While no photoreceptor outersegments were identified in the retina of rd/rd animals (80–100 days of age), we did identify a small number of perikarya that were immunoreactive for cone opsins, and even fewer cells that contained rod opsin. Using HPLC, we demonstrated the presence and photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore 11-cis retinaldehyde. The rd/rd retinas contained about 2% of 11-cis retinaldehyde found in +/+ retinas. We have yet to determine whether the opsin immunoreactive perikarya or some other unidentified cell type mediate circadian light detection in the rd/rd retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198171
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periplasmic location of nitrous oxide reductase and its apoform in denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; N2O reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Localization ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Cell fractionation ; Pseudomonas stutzeri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogold labelling techniques on ultrathin sections of low temperature embedded cells yielded evidence for the periplasmic location of the respiratory enzymes N2O reductase and nitrite reductase (cytochrome cd 1) in Pseudomonas stutzeri strain ZoBell. Cell fractionation by spheroplast preparation and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed the absence of a membrane association of these enzymes. Immunocytochemical localization of N2O reductase in a mutant strain deficient in the chromophore of N2O reductase showed the gold label at the cell periphery, indicating that the copper chromophore processing takes place after export of this protein's apoform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245153
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidergic motoneurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica Immunocytochemical, morphological, and physiological characterizations (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 323-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Aplysia ; Motoneurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small cardioactive peptides ; Facilitation ; Depression ; Buccal ; Feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used physiological recordings, intracellular dye injections and immunocytochemistry to further identify and characterize neurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia calif ornica expressing Small Cardioactive Peptide-like immunoreactivity (SCP-LI). Neurons were identified based upon soma size and position, input from premotor cells B4 and B5, axonal projections, muscle innervation patterns, and neuromuscular synaptic properties. SCP-LI was observed in several large ventral neurons including B6, B7, B9, B10, and B11, groups of s1 and s2 cluster cells, at least one cell located at a branch point of buccal nerve n2, and the previously characterized neurons B1, B2 and B15. B6, B7, B9, B10 and B11 are motoneurons to intrinsic muscles of the buccal mass, each displaying a unique innervation pattern and neuromuscular plasticity. Combined, these motoneurons innervate all major intrinsic buccal muscles (I1/I3, I2, I4, I5, I6). Correspondingly, SCP-LI processes were observed on all of these muscles. Innervation of multiple nonhomologous buccal muscles by individual motoneurons having extremely plastic neuromuscular synapses, represents a unique form of neuromuscular organization which is prevalent in this system. Our results show numerous SCPergic buccal motoneurons with widespread ganglionic processes and buccal muscle innervation, and support extensive use of SCPs in the control of feeding musculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198352
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and expression of acid phosphatase of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan, in isolation or associated with plant roots (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 1 (1992), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Ericaceae ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Acid phosphatase ; Protein expression ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activity of acid phosphatase produced in pure culture by the endomycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan (H. ericae LPA 2) was inhibited by high phosphorus levels, alkaline pH, fluoride, molybdate and mannosidase, and activated by concanavalin A. Over 80% of the enzyme activity was due to two wall-bound acid phosphatase isozymes with the characteristics of mannose-rich glycoproteins. Antiserum was raised against the major, low-molecular-weight wall isozyme and its activity tested by immunoblotting and ELISA. The antiserum cross reacted 100% with exocellular (excreted) and 28% with cytoplasmic cellular fractions of H. ericae (LPA 2) cultures, and showed high reactivity with other strains of H. ericae but not with fungal isolates from Erica hispidula L. or E. mauritanica L. Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase by cytoenzymology and indirect immunogold labelling confirmed its association with the fungal wall in pure culture and showed that the influence of a high phosphorus level, fluoride and molybdate is through inactivation of the enzyme. Intense acid phosphatase activity, sensitive to the latter inhibitors, was also present on external hyphae growing over a host or non-host root but it was weak or absent from intracellular hyphae where these developed within a host root. Indirect immunolabelling confirmed that this acid phosphatase was of fungal origin and that the specific inhibitory effect of host cells is due to inactivation of the enzyme rather than repression of its synthesis. Possible implications of fungal acid phosphatase in ericoid endomycorrhizal infection processes are discussed together with mechanisms that may be regulating the enzyme activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203287
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  • 16
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    Immunocytochemical localization of vasotocin and mesotocin in the hypothalamus of lacertilian reptiles (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Lacertilian reptiles ; Vasotocin neurons ; Mesotocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of lizards was studied with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level. It was shown that vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. The vasotocinergic as well as the mesotocinergic perikarya are of different sizes. Both cell types occur in close juxtaposition, but without a distinct pattern of distribution. The external zone of the lacertilian median eminence contains numerous immunoreactive vasotocinergic fibers and only few immunoreactive mesotocinergic fibers. The general organization of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of lizards, as revealed by immunocytochemistry, is essentially similar to that revealed with unspecific staining methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236415
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  • 17
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    Electron microscopical-immunocytochemical evidence of ecdysteroids in the prothoracic gland of Galleria mellonella (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ecdysteroids ; Prothoracic gland ; Insect hormones ; Galleria mellonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fixation of prothoracic glands of Galleria mellonella with a solution containing saponin permits immunocytochemical staining of the entire gland. By this means ecdysteroids were demonstrated electron microscopically to be present in the hyaloplasm and microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236420
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Immunocytochemical study of seminal γ-glutamyltransferase using monoclonal antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase ; Prostate gland ; Seminal vesicle ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive organs, male ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We produced three monoclonal antibodies, SG1, SG2 and SG3, specific for human seminal γ-glutamyltransferase when characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase was localized, by immunostaining, to the epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland with SG1, those of the prostate gland with SG2, and those of the seminal vesicle with SG3. Rabbit polyclonal anti-seminal γ-glutamyltransferase serum reacted with the proximal convolution of the kidney and the bile capillaries of the liver, and with the epithelial cells of the reproductive organs. However, immunoreactivity was not observed in the kidney or liver with the monoclonal antibodies. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies are probably all specific to seminal γ-glutamyltransferase but recognize different epitopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303078
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  • 19
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    Localization of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in capillary endothelial cells of the bovine mammary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor ; Fatty acid-binding proteins ; Differentiation ; Vascularization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) has previously been localized in the mammary parencyma, dependent on the stage of differentiation of the mammary gland. Here, we have elucidated the distribution of MDGI in the mammary stroma by a combined immunohisto-and cytochemical analysis with antibodies raised against MDGI. Distinct staining of capillary endothelial cells has been revealed. Although its subcellular distribution resembles former observations in secretory epithelial cells, the expression of MDGI in capillary endothelial cells clearly precedes that in secretory epithelial cells. On the other hand, no endothelial MDGI staining has been detected in bovine heart, which contains a fatty acid-binding protein almost identical to MDGI. The localization of MDGI in the mammary capillary endothelium is discussed in terms of its possible involvement in the intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands or in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300218
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    Luteinizing hormone —Releasing hormone (LH-RH) pathway of the rat hypothalamus revealed by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Utilizing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method, we report the distribution of hypothalamic elements immunoreactive with antibodies to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the rat. Immunostained elements, resembling neural processes, were distributed along a pathway corresponding to the tuberoinfundibular tract which appeared to terminate near vascular elements in the external layer of the preand post-infundibular median eminence. No cell bodies stained specifically for LH-RH. Similar topographic arrangements were noted (in coronal and sagittal sections) in diestrous females, ovariectomized females and a hypophysectomized male. The same results were obtained with three different preparations of antisera to LH-RH. Our studies agree with those of other investigators using immunohistochemical techniques as well as with localization studies of LH-RH in the hypothalamus using bioassay and radioimmunoassay. Our results suggest that the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique will have unique value for identifying and tracing fiber systems related to specific functions within the hypothalamus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226609
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  • 21
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    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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    Ontogeny of some endocrine cells of the digestive tract in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): An immunocytochemical study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Ontogeny ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serotonin- and ten peptide-immunoreactive (IR) cell types were identified in the digestive tract of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae of four morphofunctional phases ranging in age from hatching to 61 days. The sequence of appearance and location of endocrine cells during ontogenetic development of the larvae was determined. The differentiation of endocrine cells followed a distal-proximal gradient in the gut which paralleled the morphofunctional differentiation. Serotonin-IR cells were identified in the last portion of the digestive tract from phase I onwards and in the gastric region from phase III, before these regions were morphofunctionally differentiated; met-enkephalin-IR cells were identified from phase II onwards in both the differentiated rectum and the undifferentiated intestine; cholecystokinin (CCK)- and synthetic human gastrin-34-IR cells were located only in the intestine and first found in the undifferentiated intestine of phase II; human gastrin-17-, peptide YY (PYY)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-IR cells appeared in the intestine from phase II and in stomach in phase IV, when it showed gastric glands; pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and glucagon-IR cells were observed in both intestine and stomach, but insulin- and somatostatin-IR cells only in stomach, from phase III, during which the intestine but not the stomach was differentiated. PP- and PYY-, PP- and glucagon-, and PYY- and glucagon-like immunoreactivities coexisted from their first appearance in some cells of the gut.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327785
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  • 23
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    Ontogeny of some endocrine cells of the digestive tract in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): An immunocytochemical study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Ontogeny ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dicentrarchuslabrax (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Serotonin- and ten peptide-immunoreactive (IR) cell types were identified in the digestive tract of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae of four morphofunctional phases ranging in age from hatching to 61 days. The sequence of appearance and location of endocrine cells during ontogenetic development of the larvae was determined. The differentiation of endocrine cells followed a distal-proximal gradient in the gut which paralleled the morphofunctional differentiation. Serotonin-IR cells were identified in the last portion of the digestive tract from phase I onwards and in the gastric region from phase III, before these regions were morphofunctionally differentiated; met-enkephalin-IR cells were identified from phase II onwards in both the differentiated rectum and the undifferentiated intestine; cholecystokinin (CCK)- and synthetic human gastrin-34-IR cells were located only in the intestine and first found in the undifferentiated intestine of phase II; human gastrin-17-, peptide YY (PYY)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-IR cells appeared in the intestine from phase II and in stomach in phase IV, when it showed gastric glands; pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and glucagon-IR cells were observed in both intestine and stomach, but insulin- and somatostatin-IR cells only in stomach, from phase III, during which the intestine but not the stomach was differentiated. PP- and PYY-, PP- and glucagon-, and PYY- and glucagon-like immunoreactivities coexisted from their first appearance in some cells of the gut.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050164
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    Immunocytochemical identification of enkephalinergic neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin neurons ; Vasotocin neurons ; Isotocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Goldfish (Carassius)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our immunocytochemical investigation of the magnocellular neuroendocrine system in the goldfish hypothalamus reveals enkephalin (ENK)-containing neurons interspersed among the vasotocin (VT)- and isotocin (IT)-containing neurons of the preoptic nucleus. The perikarya of the ENK, VT, and IT neurons do not show distinct morphological differences at the level of light microscopy and are not located preferentially within the nucleus. Separate ENK, VT and IT fibers course laterally and ventrally through the hypothalamus as they descend toward the pituitary gland. All three fiber types form terminals around blood vessels in the neurohypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236894
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    Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP) occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system: Preliminary immunocytochemical observations (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) ; Neurones ; Central nervous system ; Peripheral nervous system, gut ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammals ; Birds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a candidate hormone of unknown physiological significance. It is produced by a population of endocrine cells in the pancreas. In the present study a PP-like peptide was found to occur in the mammalian and avian central and peripheral nervous systems. Immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies were widely distributed in the brain. Dense accumulations of nerve fibres occurred in the following areas: nucleus accumbens, interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, para- and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and medial preoptic area. In addition, nerve fibres were regularly seen in cortical areas. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the following regions: cortex, nucleus accumbens, neostriatum and septum. In the gut, immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the myenteric plexus, in smooth muscle, around blood vessels, and in the core of the villi. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, suggesting that PP immunoreactive nerves are intrinsic to the gut. In the species examined, the neuronal PP-like peptide could be demonstrated with an antiserum raised against avian PP, but not with those raised against bovine or human PP. Thus, neuronal PP is distinct from the PP that occurs in pancreatic endocrine cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236410
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    Chemically defined collateral projections from the pons to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Serotonin ; Substance P ; Choline-acetyltransferase ; Retrograde tracers ; Immunocytochemistry ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Triple fluorescence labelling was employed to reveal the distribution of chemically identified neurons within the pontine laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus which supply branching collateral input to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The chemical identity of neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus was revealed by immunocytochemical detection of choline- acetyltransferase or substance P; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the chemical content of the neurons was revealed with antibody recognizing serotonin. The projections were defined by injections of two retrograde tracers, rhodamine- and fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres, in the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Neurons projecting to both the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus were distributed primarily within the caudal extensions of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. Approximately 11% and 7% of the labelled cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus projected via branching collaterals to the paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala. About half of these neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus were cholinergic, and one-third were substance-P-ergic; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, approximately half of the neurons containing both retrograde tracers were serotonergic. These results indicate that pontine neurons may simultaneously transmit signals to the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus and that several different neuroactive substances are found in the neurons participating in these pathways. This coordinated signalling may lead to synchronized responses of the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus for the maintenance of homeostasis. Interactions between different neuroactive substances at the target site may serve to modulate the responses of individual neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050155
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    Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical characterization of haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari; Chelicerata) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Haemocytes ; Immunocytes ; invertebrate ; Immunity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ixodes ricinus (Chelicerata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus were characterized on the basis of their ultrastructure, their ability to ingest foreign material, and to produce or store molecules of the immune defence. Distinction was made between types of haemocytes according to the absence or presence of granular inclusions, shape and size of the lysosomal compartment or the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ultrastructural and functional similarity to the corresponding haemocytes of insects. Three types of haemocytes were found in adult ticks: plasmatocytes and type-I and type-II granular haemocytes, respectively. The precipitated reaction product of acid phosphatase activity revealed the shape of the lysosomal compartment. The additional injection of particulate materials into the haemocoel further revealed the endocytic activity of the haemocytes. The lysozyme-like immunoreactivity of the haemocytes suggests bactericidal potential. Detection of immunoreactivity in haemocytes to a 25 kDa antigenic protein involved in cuticle formation further suggests their involvement in wound healing and encapsulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300222
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    Development of sensory innervation in chick skin: comparison of nerve fibre and chondroitin sulphate distributions in vivo and in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Skin ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan ; Neuritic guidance ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In bird skin, nerve fibres develop in the dermis but do not enter the epidermis. In co-cultures of 7-day-old chick embryo dorsal root ganglia and epidermis, the neurites also avoid the epidermis. Previous studies have shown that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans may be involved. Chondroitin sulphate has therefore been visualized by immunocytochemistry, using the monoclonal antibody CS-56, both in vivo and in vitro using light and electron microscopy. Its distribution was compared to those of 2 other chondroitin sulphate epitopes and to that of the growing nerve fibres. In cultures of epidermis from 7-day-old embryonic chicks, immunoreactivity is found uniformly around the epidermal cells while at 7.5 days the distribution in dermis is heterogeneous, and particularly marked in feather buds. In vivo, chondroitin sulphate immunoreactivity is detected in the epidermis, on the basal lamina, on the surfaces of fibroblasts and along collagen fibrils. This localization is complementary to the distribution of cutaneous nerves. Chondroitin sulphate in the basal lamina could prevent innervation of the epidermis and the dermal heterogeneities could partly explain the nerve fibres surrounding the base of the feathers. Chondroitin sulphate could therefore be important for neural guidance in developing chick skin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300225
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    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300224
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    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300224
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    Autoradiographic studies of 3H-dexamethasone uptake by immunocytochemically characterized cells of the rat pituitary (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Dexamethasone ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3H-Dexamethasone (10 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in adrenalectomized rats and after survival times of 5, 30, 60, and 180 min its uptake within the pituitary was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in cell nuclei in the pars nervosa and pars distalis. Within the pars intermedia, only cells of the marginal zone were labeled. In the pars distalis, some cells showed a weak nuclear accumulation of radioactivity as early as 5 min after injection. The tissue radioactivity was nearly maximal at 5 min, and the proportion of radioactivity in nuclei reached a maximum of 60–70% by 30 min. In competition experiments, non-radioactive steroids (1 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before 3H-dexamethasone and sacrifice was 30 min later. Dexamethasone markedly diminished the nuclear accumulation in the pars distalis, but corticosterone and progesterone did not. In the pars nervosa, corticosterone and progesterone competed for nuclear uptake of 3H-dexamethasone, although less effectively than dexamethasone itself. Different cell types in the pars distalis were characterized by treating autoradiograms with an immuno-peroxidase bridge procedure. Cells treated with anti-ACTH 17–39 had the greatest nuclear concentration of radioactivity, and those stained with anti-TSH were least heavily labeled. Cells treated with antisera to GH, PRL, and hCG were moderately labeled.
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    Keratin expression: a measure of phenotypic modulation of human prostatic epithelial cells by growth inhibitory factors (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate gland ; Keratin ; Vitamin A ; Epithelium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression of certain cytokeratins can be indicative of the state of differentiation of epithelial cells. The basal cells in the normal adult human prostatic epithelium are characterized by the expression of cytokeratins 5 and 14, whereas the secretory luminal cells contain cytokeratins 8 and 18. Cells cultured from the prostatic epithelium expressed cytokeratins 5, 8, and 18, and thus had features of both basal and luminal cells. Certain growth-inhibitory conditions altered keratin expression in conjunction with growth modulation. Deletion of peptide factors and hormones from the culture medium induced the expression of cytokeratins 1 and 10, associated with a squamous phenotype. These same squamous keratins were found in very dense, stratified cultures that were maintained at confluency in standard, complete medium for extended periods. Retinoic acid enhanced the expression of secretory luminal cell-associated cytokeratins 8 and 18 in semi-confluent cultures. Other growth inhibitory factors such as suramin, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ had no effect on keratin expression. These observations indicate that the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells can be directed toward alternate pathways, either squamous or secretory, by different growth-inhibitory conditions. However, not all growth inhibitory factors altered differentiation, demonstrating that growth inhibition in itself is not a sufficient inducer of differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303075
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    Intra-acrosomal organization of a 90-kilodalton antigen during spermiogenesis in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 61-67 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acrosome development ; Antigen localization ; Intra-acrosomal migration ; Golgi apparatus ; Spermiogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of an acrosomal protein was studied using a monoclonal antibody MN7 raised against mouse spermatozoa. MN7 specifically recognized the anterior acrosome of several mammalian (mouse, rat, hamster) spermatozoa fixed with paraformaldehyde. An immunoblot study with periodate treatment showed that MN7 recognized a carbohydrate region of a 90 kDa protein in an extract of mouse and rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The change in distribution of the MN7 antigen during acrosome development was investigated in the rat testis using the pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique. The antigen first appeared in the proacrosomic granules of spermatids in steps 1–2. Small vesicles adjacent to the outer acrosomal membrane and the developing acrosomic system were immunoreactive during steps 4–7. The majority of the antigen was then redistributed to the head-cap portion during steps 8–18, and finally restricted to the anterior acrosome in the step 19-spermatid. These results suggest that the antigen is transported to the acrosome by way of the vesicles that originate from the Golgi apparatus during early spermiogenesis, and are then delivered to the final destination within the acrosome by the intra-acrosomal migration during late spermiogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303081
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    Functional morphology of the neuropeptidergic light-yellow-cell system in pulmonate snails (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Light yellow neuropeptidergic cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Blood pressure regulation ; Pulmonata ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The light yellow neuropeptidergic cell system of the basommatophoran snail Lymnaea stagnalis is homologous to the R3-R14 system of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica, and produces three different neuropeptides. Systems homologous to the light yellow cells of Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated morphologically in two Basommatophora (Lymnaea ovata, Bulinus truncatus) and three Stylommatophora (Helix aspersa, Cepaea nemoralis, Deroceras reticulatum). To this end, an antibody to synthetic light-yellow-cell peptide-II and oligonucleotides to mRNAs encoding parts of peptide-I and peptide-III, were used. The in situ hybridization probes gave negative results. On the other hand, neuronal cell clusters were observed in the central nervous system of all species studied by immunocytochemistry. These clusters were located in the ganglia of the visceral complex. The neurons project axons into all nerves of these ganglia, especially into the pallial nerves, into the connective tissue of the central nervous system, and into the neuropile of various ganglia. The morphology of the systems is similar to that of the light-yellow-cell system of Lymnaea stagnalis. In all species, the wall of the aorta was innervated by immunoreactive axons. Peripheral innervation by the light-yellow-cell system was investigated in Helix aspersa and Deroceras reticulatum. Serial and alternate sections of whole snails were studied. Reconstructions were made of the heart-kidney-lung complex of these animals. In both species, the muscular vessels of the pulmonary system at the right side of the body were strongly innervated by immunoreactive axons. Furthermore, immunopositive innervation was observed to muscles in the secondary ureter-pneumostome area. The light-yellow-cell system of pulmonates is thus probably involved in the regulation of blood pressure and urine release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300226
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat posterior pituitary ; Neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis are located in separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres. These observations confirm the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219698
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    Growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) pathway of the rat hypothalamus revealed by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone ; Somatostatin ; Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Utilizing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method, we investigated the distribution of hypothalamic elements immunoreactive with antibodies to growth hormonerelease inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH). Immunostained elements, resembling neural processes, are distributed along a pathway corresponding to a portion of the tuberoinfundibular tract. However, GH-RIH fibers are caudal, dorsal and medial to LH-RH fibers detected by the same technique. Similar topographic arrangements are noted in coronal and sagittal sections. Comparable results were obtained with two different preparations of antisera to GH-RIH. No cell bodies specifically stained by anti-GH-RIH were detected. Our data agree with those of other investigators using immunohistochemical techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225761
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    Quantitative autoradiographic assessment of 3H-estradiol uptake in immunocytochemically characterized pituitary cells (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Cell types ; Estrogen ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dry-mount autoradiography was combined with peroxidase immunocytochemistry to examine estrogen uptake in four pituitary cell types. Quantification by silver grain counts was used to compare 3H-estradiol uptake in nuclei of pituitary cells 60 min after i.v. injection into short-term (control) and long-term ovariectomized and in long-term thyroidectomized rats. Under all three hormonal states, the order of labeling intensity was: gonadotropes 〉 somatotropes 〉 lactotropes 〉 thyrotropes. Long-term ovariectomy caused a significant increase in estrogen uptake of gonadotropes, somatotropes and lactotropes, while uptake in thyrotropes decreased. Long-term thyroidectomy decreased uptake in somatotropes, lactotropes and thyrotropes while gonadotropes remained unchanged.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215122
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  • 38
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    Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular gland of adult mice by light and electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Submandibular gland mice ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the submandibular gland of adult male mice by a direct immunocytochemical method using highly purified antibodies against NGF coupled to horseradish peroxidase. In light microscopic sections the reaction product was entirely confined to the cells of the secretory tubules. The acinar part of the gland was free of reaction product. This finding was confirmed by electron microscopy. Within the cells NGF was localized exclusively in the apical secretory granules. No reaction was observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi region or in the granules of the basal part of the cells. This observation favours the assumption that NGF is derived from a precursor molecule and that the precursor is transformed into immunologically active NGF within the secretory granules during their transport from the basal to the apical part of the tubular cells. Stimulation of the submandibular gland with carbachol (2 mg/kg) led to a massive release of the content of the secretory granules, including NGF, into the salivary duct.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219602
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the median eminence of the guinea pig (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LH-RH was localized at the ultrastructural level in axons and nerve terminals of the median eminence of the male guinea pig. LH-RH positive neuronal profiles were most concentrated in the medial-dorsal aspect of the infundibular stalk and in the post-infundibular median eminence at the level immediately following separation of the stalk from the base of the brain. LH-RH containing axon profiles were most abundant in the palisade zone; nerve terminals in contact with the hypophysial portal vasculature were relatively rare. The hormone was present within granules that measured 900–1,200 Å in axons of the palisade zone and 400–800 Å in nerve terminals abutting on the portal plexus. The differently sized granules represent heterogeneous populations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214205
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    The infundibular organ of the lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum, Acrania): an immunocytochemical study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reissner's fiber ; Infundibular organ ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin binding ; Flexural organ ; Amphioxus, Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Acrania)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reissner's fibers are secretions produced by different ependymal areas of the chordate brain, viz., in adult vertebrates, by the dorsal subcommissural organ, and in all stages of cephalochordates (Branchiostoma lancelets), by the ventral infundibular organ. Fibers produced by these different organs are seemingly identical and the two fiber sources also share some immunocytochemical and lectin-binding properties. The secretions in these two glands are, however, not identical; the infundibular organ cells are strongly reactive with antibodies against vertebrate Reissner's fibers, but they do not react with antibodies raised against the source of the vertebrate fibers, viz., the subcommissural organ. The results support the possibility that, in adult vertebrates, the Reissner's fibers are composed of material not only from the subcommissural organ, but also from another, not yet identified, source that is identical or equivalent to the infundibular organ of the lancelet. There are indications that the infundibular organ is immunocytochemically closely akin to some secretory cells in the vertebrate embryonic brain and also to those that produce the juvenile vertebrate Reissner's fibers, viz., secretory cells in the flexural organ.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303086
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    Chemically defined collateral projections from the pons to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Substance P ; Choline-acetyltransferase ; Retrograde tracers ; Immunocytochemistry ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Triple fluorescence labelling was employed to reveal the distribution of chemically identified neurons within the pontine laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus which supply branching collateral input to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The chemical identity of neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus was revealed by immunocytochemical detection of choline-acetyltransferase or substance P; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the chemical content of the neurons was revealed with antibody recognizing serotonin. The projections were defined by injections of two retrograde tracers, rhodamine-and fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres, in the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Neurons projecting to both the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus were distributed primarily within the caudal extensions of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. Approximately 11% and 7% of the labelled cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus projected via branching collaterals to the paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala. About half of these neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus were cholinergic, and one-third were substance-P-ergic; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, approximately half of the neurons containing both retrograde tracers were serotonergic. These results indicate that pontine neurons may simultaneously transmit signals to the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus and that several different neuroactive substances are found in the neurons participating in these pathways. This coordinated signalling may lead to synchronized responses of the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus for the maintenance of homeostasis. Interactions between different neuroactive substances at the target site may serve to modulate the responses of individual neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327776
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    Distribution and anatomy of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: GABA ; Glutamate ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; central ; Nervous system ; peripheral ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactive neurons were studied in the central and peripheral nervous system of Helix pomatia by applying immunocytochemistry on whole-mount preparations and serial paraffin sections. GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the buccal, cerebral and pedal ganglia, but only GABA-immunoreactive fibers were found in the viscero-parietal-pleural ganglion complex. The majority of GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the pedal ganglia but a few could be found in the buccal ganglia. Varicose GABA-ir fibers could be seen in the neuropil areas and in distinct areas of the cell body layer of the ganglia. The majority of GABA-ir axonal processes run into the connectives and commissures of the ganglia, indicating an important central integrative role of GABA-immunoreactive neurons. GABA may also have a peripheral role, since GABA-immunoreactive fibers could be demonstrated in peripheral nerves and the lips. Glutamate injection did not change the number or distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons, but induced GABA immunoreactivity in elements of the connective tissue ensheathing the muscle cells and fibers of the buccal musculature. This shows that GABA may be present in different non-neural tissues as a product of general metabolic pathways.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303096
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    Immunologicalization of complement C1s and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) in the primary ossification center of the human femur (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 239-245 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone ; Ossification ; Cartilage ; Matrix ; Chondrocytes ; Complement ; Matrix metalloproteinase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The first component of complement $$C\bar 1s$$ has been shown to degrade type I and type II collagens (Yamaguchi et al. 1990), the latter of which is a major constituent of the cartilage matrix. In order to understand the physiological roles of $$C\bar 1s$$ in cartilage resorption, the expression of C1s was examined by immunohistochemistry in the primary ossification center where the matrix is removed and replaced by bone marrow. Hypertrophic chondrocytes, endothelium and hematogenous elements in the capillary buds were intensely stained by a monoclonal antibody against C1s. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, 92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) was also immunolocalized in hypertrophic chondrocytes, mesenchymal cells in the primitive bone marrow and the cartilage matrix adjacent to the marrow. In addition, $$C\bar 1s$$ was found to activate the zymogen of MMP-9. These observations suggest that $$C\bar 1s$$ and MMP-9 coordinately participate in matrix degradation in cartilage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327771
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    Basement membrane components of bronchial epithelium in humans suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 505-510 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen IV ; Laminin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Basement membrane ; Bronchial epithelium ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Collagen IV and laminin are important constituents of the basement membrane (BM). By use of immunocytochemistry we examined the occurrence and distribution of these two components in the BM beneath normal, mucoid and metaplastic epithelium of large bronchi in 22 adults suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases. Both collagen IV and laminin were expressed as a thin and continuous layer beneath the epithelium in most tissue specimens with normal epithelium. In a few specimens the layer showed interruptions with a patchy distribution of the immunoreactivity. Three patterns of distribution of BM components were found under the metaplastic epithelium. Total absence of immunoreactive collagen IV and laminin was the most common variant. Weak and scarce staining for both proteins in the BM characterized the second pattern. The third variant showed strong collagen IV immunoreactivity but lack of laminin. The BM beneath the mucoid epithelium was characterized by irregular distribution of collagen IV and laminin. We suggest that the occurrence and distributional pattern of the BM components are related to the type of overlying epithelium and connected with an altered synthesis of these components.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300223
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    Localisation par immunocytologie de sécrétions apparentées aux hormones thyréotropes, gonadotropes et corticotropes dans l'hypophyse distale de l'Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Axolotl ; Glycoprotein hormones ; Corticotrophs ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les anticorps anti-TSH (hormone thyréotrope) d'origine bovine, anti-LH β (hormone lutéinisante) d'origine ovine et anti β (1–24) corticotropine de synthèse ont été appliqués à l'hypophyse de l'Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) selon une technique d'immunofluorescence histologique indirecte. Les anticorps anti-TSH se fixent sur une population de cellules fusiformes localisées dans les régions caudale et ventrale de l'hypophyse distale. Les éléments révélés par les anticorps anti-LH β possèdent un noyau ovalaire entouré d'un cytoplasme intensément fluorescent et sont répartis dans l'ensemble du lobe hypophysaire distal. Les cellules fixant l'anticorps anti β (1–24) corticotropine sont disposées en bordure de l'éminence médiane et présentent un noyau ovalaire et un cytoplasme abondant. Il s'agirait respectivement des cellules à fonction thyréotrope, gonadotrope et corticotrope. L'examen des caractéristiques cytologiques et histochimiques de ces trois types cellulaires complète ces données immunologiques.
    Notes: Summary Antisera prepared respectively against TSH (thyreotropin) of bovine origin, against LH (luteotropin) of ovine origin and against synthetic β (1–24) corticotropin were applied to histological sections of Axolotl pituitary (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) with the indirect immunofluorescence procedure. The anti-TSH antibodies from the first antiserum attach themselves to a population of fusiform cells situated in the caudal and ventral areas of the pars distalis. The cells revealed by the second antiserum show an oval nucleus surrounded by a strongly fluorescent cytoplasm. They are scattered throughout the whole pars distalis. The cells revealed by the third antiserum are arranged around the median eminence. Their nucleus is oval and their cytoplasm abundant. Presumably, these three cell types correspond respectively to the thyreotropic, gonadotropic and corticotropic cells as indicated by a parallel examination of their cytological and histochemical characteristics.
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    Cell differentiation of the fetal rat anterior pituitary in vitro (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 263-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal pituitary ; Cell differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adenohypophysial primordia of rat embryos at 13 to 15 days gestation were cultured in Parker 199 synthetic medium for 2 to 11 days. At the end of the culture period their fine structure and the presence of immunoreactive trophic hormones using the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique were investigated. The degree of differentiation in the glands depends largely on the age of the embryos furnishing the explants. Cultured pituitaries explanted on the 13th day of gestation contain only ACTH-positive cells and about 15% of the cells are granular. The granules are 50–100 nm in diameter in some cells, while in other cells they range from 50 to 200 nm. In cultivated adenohypophysial primordia of embryos on the 15th day of intrauterine life ACTH, prolactin, LH and TSH cells are evident, but only the same two kinds of granular cells can be observed with the electron microscope. The extent of cytodifferentiation in the glands explanted on the 14th day of gestation is intermediate between the two other groups. The data suggest that the fetal rat pituitary has the capacity of self-differentiation but to a lesser extent than that of the in situ hypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224303
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  • 47
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin and vasopressin in the median eminence and posterior pituitary of the guinea pig (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of tissue prepared by freeze-substitution and the unlabelled antibody enzyme technique, neurophysin and vasopressin were localized at the ultrastructural level in the posterior pituitary and median eminence of the guinea pig. In the posterior pituitary neurophysin was found in the large neurosecretory granules (1300–1500 Å) of axons, Herring bodies, and nerve terminals. In some of these axons immunoreactive neurophysin was found outside of granules in the axoplasm. By light microscopy neurophysin was found in both the zona interna and zona externa of the median eminence; this was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the zona interna as in the posterior pituitary, neurophysin was localized both inside and outside the large neurosecretory granules. In the zona externa, immunoreactive deposit was primarily located in granules with a diameter of 900–1100 Å in nerve terminals abutting on the primary portal plexus. The distribution of vasopressin paralleled that of neurophysin except that the hormone was rarely extragranular. These results demonstrate for the first time that both neurophysin and vasopressin are present in granules of axons that are in contact with the hypophysial portal vasculature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221777
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    Ontogeny of the pig hypothalamic neurosecretory system with particular reference to the distribution of neurophysin (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 543-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei ; Fetal and neonatal pigs ; Anti-porcine neurophysin serum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Slab gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoperoxidase cytochemical reaction was applied to the localization of neurophysin-containing elements in the fetal and adult pig hypothalamus. In the 60 day fetal pig, cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were the only structures in the hypothalamus in which neurophysin was detected. However, by 87 days the cell bodies in both the SON and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contained neurophysin-like material. The distribution of immunoreactive material in the 111 day fetal animal was similar to that found in the adult pig. In transverse section of the mature pig the SON exists in two discrete components; an antero-lateral group of cells connected by scattered cells to a smaller postero-medial group. Anteriorly, the PVN appears as a line of cells bordering the third ventricle but as we proceed posteriorly the dorsal aspect expands laterally to give a wedge-shaped group of cells. In mid-sagittal sections, the cells of the PVN are distributed over a wide area of the anterior hypothalamus in a triangular profile. The borders between the SON and PVN became more difficult to define in medial sections than in lateral sections. Continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out on the neural lobe extracts from fetal, newborn and adult pigs. Proteins with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of porcine neurophysins-I,-II and -III were present in the newborn and 98 day fetal pig. It is concluded that material immunoreactive with anti-neurophysin serum is present in the hypothalamus of the 60 day fetal pig. Furthermore, at late fetal development and during the postnatal period it is tentatively suggested that the neurophysin present in the pituitaries of these animals is chemically identical with that of adult neurophysin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219944
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic neurons in the amphibian hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibian hypothalamus ; Vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic neurons ; Neurophysins ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was demonstrated that, in the amphibian magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system, vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. A tendency to preferential location of the two kinds of neuronal perikarya is described. The neurosecretory perikarya are the origin of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic axons. In the neural lobe, the pattern of distribution of the two types of axons is different. The coarse ventricular “dendrites” of both kinds of neurons are hormone-containing processes. Staining with anti-bovine neurophysin I serum suggested that the vasotocinergic and the mesotocinergic neurons synthesize different neurophysins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218707
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    Isolation, characterization and localization of bovine adrenal medullary myosin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 17-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adrenal medulla ; Exocytosis ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myosin was isolated in high purity from the bovine adrenal medulla by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified myosin was analyzed by electrophoresis in gels containing SDS and found to contain a 200,000 molecular weight heavy chain and major light chains of molecular weights 20,000 and 17,000 in a 1∶1∶1 molar ratio. At high ionic strength the myosin had high Ca-ATPase and K-EDTA-ATPase activities and low Mg-ATPase activity. At low ionic strength, the Mg-ATPase was activated to a low level by rabbit muscle actin. The myosin was found to decorate F-actin in the absence, but not the presence of ATP. In low ionic strength solutions, the myosin assembled into characteristic bipolar filaments. The distribution of this myosin in the adrenal medulla and of cross-reacting myosin in several other bovine tissues was determined with the use of antimedullary myosin immunoglobulin G as a specific stain that was detected by direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In the medulla strong staining was seen between the chords of chromaffin cells indicating the presence of a highly muscular vasculature that may perform functions analogous to those of the myoepithelium of exocrine glands. The chromaffin cells showed weak positive staining around the nuclei and in a pattern radiating toward adjacent blood vessels. Cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex showed strong staining in the peripheral cytoplasm while cells in the intermediate and outer zones did not stain. In a blood smear, platelets and the cytoplasm of leukocytes stained strongly while erythrocytes did not stain. In striated muscle and the gray and white matter of the cerebrum only the capillaries and larger vessels stained. In the liver the phagocytic cells bordering vascular sinuses stained strongly while the hepatocytes were separated from one another by a 2 micron trilaminar band possibly representing the microfilament web surrounding the bile canaliculi and associated with junctional complexes. The results suggest that myosin is present in several highly differentiated, non-motile tissue cells where it may play a role in secretion or other specialized functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232821
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    Les cellules corticotropes de l'hypophyse d'un Amphibien après interrénalectomie (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 333-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Amphibians ; Corticotrophs ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'identification des cellules responsables de l'élaboration de la corticotropine (ACTH) a été envisagée chezRana esculenta. Les effects causés par l'interrénalectomie au niveau de l'hypophyse ont été étudiés parallèlement par immunofluorescence et au microscope électronique. Au microscope à fluorescence, les cellules détectées chez les animaux témoins avec un antisérum anti-synachten1 bordent en grand nombre les capillaires des zones médiorostrale et ventrale du lobe antérieur. Deux jours après interrénalectomie, le nombre de cellules fluorescentes décroît, douze jours après l'intervention, il ne subsiste pas d'éléments fluorescents dans cette zone. Au microscope électronique, les cellules corticotropes présentent de fines granulations d'environ 200 mμ de diamètre. Après interrénalectomie bilatérale, ces cellules sont fortement stimulées, elles sont sujettes à d'importantes modifications morphologiques; l'aspect morphologique des autres catégories de cellules antéhypophysaires, par contre, n'est pratiquement pas modifié. Douze jours après l'opération, la plupart de ces cellules sont dégranulées, l'ergastoplasme et l'appareil de Golgi sont bien développés. Ces observations suggèrent que les cellules péricapillaires de la moitié rostrale de lapars distalis sécrètent l'hormone corticotrope.
    Notes: Summary Identification of the cell types responsible for the production of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was performed inRana esculenta. The effects of interrenalectomy on the pituitary cells were studied as well by immunofluorescence, as by electron microscopy. In control animals, the ACTH cells studied by immunofluorescence are numerous around the blood vessels of the medio-rostral and medio-ventral part of the anterior lobe. Two days after interrenalectomy the number of fluorescent cells decreases. Twelve days after, the operation all the fluorescent cells disappeared. The fine structure of the corticotrophs is characterized by the presence of small secretory granules (200 mμ). After bilateral interrenalectomy this cell type is markedly stimulated; it displays striking morphological changes, while the morphology of the other pituitary cell types is not considerably modified. Twelve days after operation most of these cells are degranulated, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are well developed. These findings suggest that the pericapillary cells of the rostral half of thepars distalis produce the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450713
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    The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system and the one neuron -one neurohypophysial hormone concept (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular neurosecretory system ; Activation ; Rat ; Vasopressinergic neurons ; Oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat was studied in tissue sections, double stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The results indicate that in animals with an activated hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine system, as well as in normal animals, vasopressin and oxytocin are exclusively synthesized in separate vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236884
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    Distribution and anatomy of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Glutamate ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system, central ; Nervous system, peripheral ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactive neurons were studied in the central and peripheral nervous system of Helix pomatia by applying immunocytochemistry on whole-mount preparations and serial paraffin sections. GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the buccal, cerebral and pedal ganglia, but only GABA-immunoreactive fibers were found in the viscero-parietal-pleural ganglion complex. The majority of GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the pedal ganglia but a few could be found in the buccal ganglia. Varicose GABA-ir fibers could be seen in the neuropil areas and in distinct areas of the cell body layer of the ganglia. The majority of GABA-ir axonal processes run into the connectives and commissures of the ganglia, indicating an important central integrative role of GABA-immunoreactive neurons. GABA may also have a peripheral role, since GABA-immunoreactive fibers could be demonstrated in peripheral nerves and the lips. Glutamate injection did not change the number or distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons, but induced GABA immunoreactivity in elements of the connective tissue ensheathing the muscle cells and fibers of the buccal musculature. This shows that GABA may be present in different non-neural tissues as a product of general metabolic pathways.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303096
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    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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    Electron microscopic-immunocytochemical localization of adrenocorticotropin and melanocyte stimulating hormone in the pars intermedia cells of rats and mice (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 305-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Pars intermedia ; Adrenocorticotropin ; Melanocyte stimulating hormone ; Neural control over pars intermedia ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic localization of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) in light, dark and ACTH cells in the pars intermedia (PI) of rats and mice is attempted by using antisera to βp 1–24, βp 17–39 ACTH and βb MSH with the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique. All of the PI parenchymatous cells (light, dark and ACTH cells), except the marginal cuboidal and the ependymal like cells, in rats and mice show very good localization of ACTH and MSH staining. In the light and dark cells, stain of varying intensity is seen on the secretory granules, vesicles and also in many places on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. There is no staining on the mitochondria, in the nuclei or in the granules inside and around the cisternae of the Golgi complex. Dark stained dense core granules become larger and larger as they appear farther and farther away from the Golgi complex. On the other hand, in the ACTH cells of the PI, ACTH antisera show stronger stained granules in the Golgi complex including the cisternae, similar to the pars distalis (PD) ACTH cells. From these observations it is concluded that the corticotropin in light and dark cells, is not packaged or condensed in the Golgi complex like that in the ACTH cells. MSH synthesis in light and dark cells also seems to be similar to that of ACTH synthesis. It is likely that the granules accumulate ACTH and MSH secretions after they are liberated from the Golgi cisternae, and thus become bigger and bigger in size. In case of ACTH cells of PI and PD, corticotropin may be packaged in Golgi cisternae and the size of the granule does not change much. This shows that there are distinct immunocytochemical differences between the light, dark and ACTH cells of the PI. At the moment, it is difficult to say whether ACTH and MSH are present in the same granule or not. The present and previous studies show that the ACTH and MSH secretion in the PI of rats and mice depends on the hypothalamic neural control.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307355
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    Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical characterization of haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari; Chelicerata) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 493-504 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haemocytes ; Immunocytes, invertebrate ; Immunity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ixodes ricinus (Chelicerata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus were characterized on the basis of their ultrastructure, their ability to ingest foreign material, and to produce or store molecules of the immune defence. Distinction was made between types of haemocytes according to the absence or presence of granular inclusions, shape and size of the lysosomal compartment or the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ultrastructural and functional similarity to the corresponding haemocytes of insects. Three types of haemocytes were found in adult ticks: plasmatocytes and type-I and type-II granular haemocytes, respectively. The precipitated reaction product of acid phosphatase activity revealed the shape of the lysosomal compartment. The additional injection of particulate materials into the haemocoel further revealed the endocytic activity of the haemocytes. The lysozyme-like immunoreactivity of the haemocytes suggests bactericidal potential. Detection of immunoreactivity in haemocytes to a 25 kDa antigenic protein involved in cuticle formation further suggests their involvement in wound healing and encapsulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300222
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    Functional morphology of the neuropeptidergic light-yellow-cell system in pulmonate snails (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Light yellow neuropeptidergic cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Blood pressure regulation ; Pulmonata ; Lymnaea stagnalis, Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The light yellow neuropeptidergic cell system of the basommatophoran snail Lymnaea stagnalis is homologous to the R3-R14 system of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica, and produces three different neuropeptides. Systems homologous to the light yellow cells of Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated morphologically in two Basommatophora (Lymnaea ovata, Bulinus truncatus) and three Stylommatophora (Helix aspersa, Cepaea nemoralis, Deroceras reticulatum). To this end, an antibody to synthetic light-yellow-cell peptide-II and oligonucleotides to mRNAs encoding parts of peptide-I and peptide-III, were used. The in situ hybridization probes gave negative results. On the other hand, neuronal cell clusters were observed in the central nervous system of all specias studied by immunocytochemistry. These clusters were located in the ganglia of the visceral complex. The neurons project axons into all nerves of these ganglia, especially into the pallial nerves, into the connective tissue of the central nervous system, and into the neuropile of various ganglia. The morphology of the systems is similar to that of the light-yellow-cell system of Lymnaea stagnalis. In all species, the wall of the aorta was innervated by immunoreactive axons. Peripheral innervation by the light-yellow-cell system was investigated in Helix aspersa and Deroceras reticulatum. Serial and alternate sections of whole snails were studied. Reconstructions were made of the heart-kidney-lung complex of these animals. In both species, the muscular vessels of the pulmonary system at the right side of the body were strongly innervated by immunoreactive axons. Furthermore, immunopositive innervation was observed to muscles in the secondary ureter-pneumostome area. The light-yellow-cell system of pulmonates is thus probably involved in the regulation of blood pressure and urine release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300226
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    Merkel cell distribution in human hair follicles of the fetal and adult scalp (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 131-138 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells ; Cytokeratins ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Hair follicles ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of Merkel cells in fetal and adult terminal hair follicles of human scalp was studied immunohistochemically using cytokeratin (CK) 20 as a specific Merkel cell marker. In hair follicles of adult scalp, abundant Merkel cells were found enriched in two belt-like clusters, one in the deep infundibulum and one in the isthmus region. No Merkel cells were found in the deep follicular portions including the bulb, or in the dermis. In early fetal hair follicles (bulbous peg stage), Merkel cells were only detected in the basal layer of the developing infundibulum but not in deeper follicular areas. In later stages, Merkel cells were also present in the isthmus and bulge. No Merkel cells were seen in the dermis around developing hair follicles. Nerve growth factor receptor was not only present in nerves but was found to be widely distributed within fetal skin. In adult skin, this receptor was localized to the basal cell layers of the outer root sheath of the bulb and the suprabulbar area, but was not detectable in the areas containing Merkel cells. The present study localizing Merkel cells within the permanent hair follicle structures close to their possible stem cells suggests that they have paracrine functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303089
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    Immunocytochemical analysis of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis with antisera to hormones of the pars distalis (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Cytology ; Pars tuberalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective was to acquire evidence regarding the secretory capacity of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat pituitary by the application of immunocytochemical staining. For this purpose the conjugated antibody and immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge techniques were utilized with antisera to the following hormones of the pars distalis: human somatotropin, human thyrotropin, human β-melanotropin, ovine luteinizing hormone (LH), porcine β17–39-corticotropin, and β1–24-corticotropin. Only LH-containing cells were demonstrated. They were exceedingly rare in the cephalic pars tuberalis beneath the median eminence. The frequency of LH-cells was greater in the pars tuberalis associated with the infundibulum and increased distally. LH-cells were most common ventrolateral to the infundibular stem and occurred singly and in clusters. These results indicate that following hypophysectomy the portion of the pars tuberalis that remains in situ has the capacity to secrete only LH of all the pars distalis hormones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225104
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    Development of sensory innervation in chick skin: comparison of nerve fibre and chondroitin sulphate distributions in vivo and in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 519-529 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin ; Development, ontogenetic ; Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan ; Neuritic guidance ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In bird skin, nerve fibres develop in the dermis but do not enter the epidermis. In co-cultures of 7-day-old chick embryo dorsal root ganglia and epidermis, the neurites also avoid the epidermis. Previous studies have shown that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans may be involved. Chondroitin sulphate has therefore been visualized by immunocytochemistry, using themonoclonal antibody CS-56, both in vivo and in vitro using light and electron microscopy. Its distribution was compared to those of 2 other chondroitin sulphate epitopes and to that of the growing nerve fibres. In cultures of epidermis from 7-day-old embryonic chicks, immunoreactivity is found uniformly around the epidermal cells while at 7.5 days the distribution in dermis is heterogeneous, and particularly marked in feather buds. In vivo, chondroitin sulphate immunoreactivity is detected in the epidermis, on the basal lamina, on the surfaces of fibroblasts and along collagen fibrils. This localization is complementary to the distribution of cutaneous nerves. Chondroitin sulphate in the basal lamina could prevent innervation of the epidermis and the dermal heterogeneities could partly explain the nerve fibres surrounding the base of the feathers. Chondroitin sulphate could therefore be important for neural guidance in developing chick skin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300225
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    Localization of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in capillary endothelial cells of the bovine mammary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 457-464 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor ; Fatty acid-binding proteins ; Differentiation ; Vascularization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) has previously been localized in the mammary parenchyma, dependent on the stage of differentiation of the mammary gland. Here, we have elucidated the distribution of MDGI in the mammary stroma by a combined immunohisto- and cytochemical analysis with antibodies raised against MDGI. Distinct staining of capillary endothelial cells has been revealed. Although its subcellular distribution resembles former observations in secretory epithelial cells, the expression of MDGI in capillary endothelial cells clearly precedes that in secretory epithelial cells. On the other hand, no endothelial MDGI staining has been detected in bovine heart, which contains a fatty acid-binding protein almost identical to MDGI. The localization of MDGI in the mammary capillary endothelium is discussed in terms of its possible involvement in the intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands or in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of the amphibian hypophysis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibian posterior pituitary ; Vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the posterior pituitary of Rana temporaria are located in separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres. This observation confirms the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level.
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 165-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pig ; Neurophysin-I ; Neurophysin-II ; Immunocytochemistry ; Specific neurophysin neurosecretory systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies raised against porcine neurophysin-I and porcine neurophysin-II using an injection regime in rabbits over a short time period, were used to localize neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II in hypothalamic neurosecretory elements of the domestic pig. In transverse section, neurophysin-II containing cells were more abundant in the dorsal medial region of the rostral supraoptic nucleus (SON) as compared with the distribution of neurophysin-I neurons. The main bulk of the cells of the SON were heavily stained for neurophysin-I with neurophysin-II containing cells positioned dorsal from the edge of the optic chiasma. Neurosecretory cells of the SON as seen in sagittal section also showed a differential staining for neurophysins-I and -II. Rostral regions of the pig paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contained magnocellular elements near the third ventricle which were stained predominantly for neurophysin-II. In regions corresponding to the caudal PVN there appeared two populations of neurosecretory neurons: (a) an area of cells adjacent to the third ventricle which contained neurophysin-II antigen and (b) a group of densely populated cells in the dorsal-lateral region which was stained for neurophysin-I. The results support the existence in the pig of at least two distinct populations of neurosecretory neurons corresponding to the neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II neurosecretory system.
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    Topography of somatostatin cells in the stomach of the rat: Possible functional significance (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Somatostatin cells ; Rat stomach ; Paracrine action ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin cells in the stomach of the rat have a characteristic shape and distribution. In the antral mucosa they occur together with gastrin cells and enterochromaffin cells at the base of the glands. In the oxyntic mucosa they are scattered along the entire glands with some predominance in the zone of parietal cells. Throughout the gastric mucosa the somatostatin cells possess long and slender processes that emerge from the base of the cell and end in clublike swellings. Such processes appear to contact a certain proportion of neighbouring gastrin cells in the antral mucosa and parietal cells in the oxyntic mucosa. Exogenous somatostatin given by intravenous infusion to conscious rats counteracted the release of gastrin stimulated by feeding, elevated antral pH or vagal excitation. Gastrin causes parietal cells to secrete HCl and endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa to mobilise and synthesise histamine. Somatostatin is known to block the response of the parietal cells to gastrin. In contrast, somatostatin did not block the response of the histamine-storing endocrine cells to gastrin, perhaps because these endocrine cells lack receptors to somatostatin. Conceivably, somatostatin in the gastric mucosa has a paracrine mode of action. The observations of the present study suggest that somatostatin may affect some, but not all of the various cell types in the stomach. Under physiological conditions this selectivity may be achieved in the following ways: 1) Communication may be based on direct cell-to-cell contact. 2) Only certain cell types are supplied with somatostatin receptors.
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    Localization of thyrotropin (TSH) in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Dog ; Pars distalis ; Thyrotropin (TSH) ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of bovine and rat TSH1, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a specific cell population in the pars distalis of the dog pituitary gland. These TSH cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. With the performic acidalcian blue (pH 0.2) -PAS-orange G procedure these cells stained blue-purple, demonstrating FSH/LH cells (blue or turquoise), ACTH/MSH cells (redpurple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The TSH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunocytochemical double staining. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the TSH cells were mostly shown to be smaller in size and less numerous than in bitches in the anestrous phase of the sexual cycle. Moreover, cytological alterations in the immunoreactive thyrotrophs in the pituitary of male and female dogs generally paralleled the spontaneous changes in thyroid function associated with thyroid atrophy and/or pituitary insufficiency, and thyroid hyperplasia or goiter. In conclusion, because of their specificity and high potency, the antisera to the β-subunits of bovine and rat TSH represent an effective tool for the selective immunocytochemical localization of TSH in the dog pituitary. This allows the study of the morphology and function of TSH cells under different physiological, pathological and experimental conditions.
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    Immunocytochemical identification of an LHRH-producing system originating in the preoptic nucleus of the duck (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-neurosecretion ; Avian hypothalamus ; Vasotocin neurosecretion ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fluorescent technique applying specific LHRH and vasotocin antisera was used for the immunocytochemical localization of the respective neurosecretory systems in the hypothalamus of gonadectomized, testosteronetreated and/or serotonin injected male domestic ducks. An immunoreactive (IR) LHRH-producing system, with perikarya located in the preoptic nucleus, could be traced through the ventral hypothalamus down to the external layer of the rostral and caudal ME, in close vicinity to the hypophysial portal system. An IR-vasotocin system originating in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei ran through the ventral hypothalamus, but terminated in (i) the external layer of the rostral ME, and (ii) in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220517
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Sheep ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum cross-reactive against ovine neurophysins-I-II and -III has been used in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase histochemical procedure to localize the cells of the sheep paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). In order to describe the topographical distribution of the SON and PVN a study was made on the serial sections cut (a) transversely from rostral to caudal positions and (b) sagittally from lateral to medial positions of the hypothalamus. The cells of the SON, when examined in the transverse aspect, extended approximately 1900 μ caudally and when examined in the sagittal plane were contained within a lateral-medial distance of 4830 μ. In each case the SON cells lay adjacent to the optic chiasm. As sections were cut transversely, the cells of the PVN first appeared in a rostral position defined as 0 μ and close to the ventral lining of the third ventricle. This general ventral and ventro-lateral distribution of cells maintained up to a caudal distance of approximately 840 μ. From positions 1260–2310 μ there was a dramatic dorsal shift of the PVN cells which by this time had also extended laterally. The total rostral-caudal distance occupied by the PVN cells was 3150 μ. That the lateral-medial distance occupied by the PVN was small (1050 μ) was determined on examining the magnocellular nuclei in sagittal section.
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    Distribution and functional significance of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like peptides in the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 ; Neurosecretory cells of insects ; Neuropeptides ; Co-existence of peptides ; Blowfly,Calliphora vomitoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal pathways in the retrocerebral complex and thoracico-abdominal ganglionic mass of the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria have been identified immunocytochemically with antisera against the extended-enkephalins, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-7) and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-8). Neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion, immunoreactive to Met-8, have axons in the crop duct nerve and terminals in muscles of the crop and its duct. Certain neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion are also immunoreactive to Met-7, and axons from these cells innervate the heart. Met-8 immunoreactive nerve terminals invest the cells of the corpus allatum. The source of this material is believed to ve a single pair of lateral neurosecretory cells in the brain. There is no Met-7 immunoreactive material in the corpus allatum. In the corpus cardiacum neither Met-7 nor Met-8 immunoreactivity is present in the cells. However, in the neuropil of the gland certain fibres, with their origins elsewhere, do contain Met-8 immunoreactivity. The most prominent neurons in the thoracic ganglion are the Met-7 immunoreactive ventral thoracic neurosecretory cells, axons from which project to neurohaemal areas in the dorsal neural sheath and also, via the ventral connective, to the brain. Co-localisation studies show that the perikarya of these cells are immunoreactive to antisera raised against several vertebrate-type peptides, such as Met-7, gastrin/cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide. However, their axons and terminals show varying amounts of the peptides, suggesting differential transport and utilisation. Only a few cells in the thoracic ganglion are immunoreactive to Met-8 antisera. These lie close to the nerve bundles suppling the legs. In the abdominal ganglion, Met-8 immunoreactive neurons project to the muscles of the hindgut. This study suggests that the extended enkephalin-like peptides ofCalliphora may have a variety of different roles: as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator substances; in the direct innervation of effector organs; and as neurohormones.
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    Immunocytochemical localization and immunochemical characterization of an insulin-related peptide in the insect Leucophaea maderae (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin-like peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunochemical characterization ; Brain ; Neuroendocrine structures ; Leucophaea maderae (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical tests with eight monoclonal antibodies against either bovine or human insulin and seven polyclonal antibodies against bovine insulin were carried out to determine the presence of insulin-like neuropeptides in the brain and affiliated neuroendocrine structures of the insect Leucophaea maderae. Reaction products identified in the brain, subesophageal ganglion, and corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex indicate the presence of materials resembling mammalian insulins in its antigenic properties. The immunostaining observed with monoclonal antibodies appears to indicate the occurrence of an insulin-related peptide that shows sequential similarities with parts of both the A- and B-chains of mammalian insulin molecules. These suppositions are supported by the results of dot-blot and two-site time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) screenings of fractions of Leucophaea tissue extracts obtained by chromatography. The polyclonal antibodies yielded reaction products in some of the same areas and in additional parts of the neuroendocrine system not visualized by the monoclonal antibodies. Immunoreaction was observed in the following areas: the pars intercerebralis of the protocerebrum, the nervi corporis cardiaci I transporting insulin-like material to the corpus cardiacum, the dorsolateral protocerebral area and the optic lobes, the deutocerebrum, the tritocerebrum, and the subesophageal ganglion. In addition, smaller cell bodies with immunoreactive deposits occur at the border between proto- and deutocerebrum, and in the central area of the protocerebrum. The distribution of reactive material in the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex after use of both groups of antibodies was the same. The fact that polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies yielded reaction products in different cells of the brain suggests either that the two groups of antibodies recognize different epitopes of the same molecule, or that they reveal two different types of immunoreactive molecules related to mammalian insulins. Together with the biochemical data reported by Nagasawa and coworkers (PNAS 83, 1986) the present immunocytochemical analysis has established a closer relationship between mammalian and insect “insulins” than was previously known.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318448
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    The caudal spinal cord of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Immunocytochemical evidence of a “caudal serotoninergic system” (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Urotensins ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Caudal neurosecretory system ; Reissner's fiber (subcommissural organ) ; Salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal spinal cord of the coho salmon was investigated by means of immunocytochemistry using antisera against serotonin, urotensin I, urotensin II, somatostatin and a urea-extract of bovine Reissner's fiber (AFRU). Populations of serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found rostral and dorsal to the urophysis in close spatial association with caudal secretory neurons. Thick, smooth serotonin-IR processes extended toward the external surface of the spinal cord where they displayed conspicuous terminal dilatations. Thin, beaded serotonin-IR fibers appeared to innervate populations of caudal secretory and somatostatin-IR cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. Most caudal neurosecretory cells displayed both urotensin I and urotensin II immunoreactivities; only a minority reacted exclusively with either urotensin I or urotensin II antisera. Urotensin II-IR and somatostatin-IR cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons were found as an integral component of the central canal wall in the caudal spinal cord and filum terminale; their dendritic processes appeared to contact Reissner's fiber, which displayed a weak AFRU-immunoreactivity while inside the central canal, but became strongly reactive in the interior of the terminal ventricle as it formed the massa caudalis. The distribution of serotoninergic processes points to a regulatory role in the function of caudal secretory and CSF-contacting neurons and to a putative serotonin release into the subarachnoid space and/or meningeal vasculature. It is also suggested that the CSF-contacting neurons of the central canal may participate in a feedback mechanism controlling the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740782
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    Changes in TSH-immunoreactivity in the pars tuberalis and pars distalis of the fetal rat hypophysis following maternal administration of propylthiouracil and thyroxine (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Pars tuberalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ; Propylthiouracil (PTU) ; Thyroxine (T4) ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars tuberalis (pt) of the adenohypophysis is unique in its close spatial relationship to the neurohemal contact area of the median eminence. The morphology of pt-specific secretory cells does not resemble cell types of the pars distalis (pd); the functional role of these cells within the endocrine system is still unknown. One group of young mature female Wistar rats received propylthiouracil (PTU), a second group thyroxine (T4) (10 mg/l each in drinking water) from about 3 weeks prior to the expected pregnancy and throughout the experiment. On gestation day 20, the fetuses were obtained by laparatomy. Serial sections from the rostral portion of the pt and from the pd were immunostained using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. TSH concentrations were determined by RIA in serum and pituitaries; T4 was measured in serum. An antiserum against rat (r) TSH revealed a moderate positive reaction of nearly all cells of the pt in the control group. In both experimental groups the pt-specific cells showed weak or no immunoreactivity. Sections of all groups were negative with anti(r)-LH,-GH,-PRL. In contrast to controls, only a few immature TSH-cells could be found in sections of the pd in the T4-group, while concentrations of TSH in blood and hypophysis were very low. TSH-cells in the PTU-group were enlarged and less intensely stained. TSH-concentrations were decreased in the hypophysis, blood levels were elevated. All sections of the pd-specific cell populations showed positive immunoreactions with anti(r)-LH,-GH,-PRL. The present results suggest that pt-specific secretory cells of the fetal rat possess TSH immunoreactivity but do not resemble the thyrotropes of the pd. Marked differences in immunoreactivity displayed by the experimental groups indicate that pt-specific cells respond to changes in the fetal thyroid status and are a component of the thyroid-regulating system in addition to the thyrotropes of the pd. This novel aspect of pt function is discussed in connection with recent results concerning melatonin receptors found in the pt and the inhibitory influence of the pineal gland exerted on the thyroid gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318643
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    Immunocytochemical localization of histamine in flatworms (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Excretory system ; Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) ; Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) ; Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies against histamine were used to demonstrate the occurrence and cellular distribution of histamine-like immunoreactivity in three species of flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes). In the parasitic cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, histamine-reactivity was found in neurons of the main nerve cords, and in cells lining the central and peripheral excretory ducts. In the free-living microturbellarian Microstomum lineare and in the planarian Polycelis nigra, histamine-immuno-reactivity was restricted to cells and fibres of the nervous system. The occurrence of histamine or a related substance in the nervous system of flatworms, which represent primary bilateria, indicates the importance of this neuroactive substance in the animal kingdom.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297227
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    Immunocytochemical study of pepsinogen 1-producing cells in the fundic mucosa of the stomach in developing mice (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fundic mucosa ; Stomach ; Pepsinogen ; Cell renewal ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mouse (ICR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Development and maturation of pepsinogen 1-producing cells were studied in the gastric fundic mucosa of the mouse by means of light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry using rabbit anti-rat pepsinogen 1-serum. In the adult mouse, secretory granules in mucous neck cells, transitional mucous neck/chief cells and chief cells are immunolabeled. The numerical density of gold particles on zymogen granules is not significantly altered among different stages of maturation of chief cells. In addition, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of these cell types show a weak labeling. In mice from day 16 of gestation to postnatal day 14 mucous neck cells and chief cells cannot be distinguished, but only one type of pepsinogen 1-producing cell, called ‘primitive chief cell’, is identified in the fundic gland. The intensity of immunoreactivity of secretory granules in primitive chief cells is uniform within an individual cell but varies greatly among different cells. The majority of primitive chief cells contains weakly labeled granules regardless of the maturation stage of cells or of animals. On postnatal day 21, mucous neck, transitional and chief cells are distinguishable, and secretory granules in these cells are intensely immunolabeled as in the adult. These results suggest that pepsinogen 1-production rapidly increases with differentiation of mucouse neck and chief cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318662
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    Immunocytochemical identification of prolactin cells in the pituitary gland of tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus: Teleostei) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Prolactin cells ; Pituitary gland ; Tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using an antiserum to highly purified chum salmon prolactin, prolactin cells were identified in the putative rostral pars distalis of newly hatched tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) by the immunogold method for the electron microscope. In the putative rostral pars distalis, some cells had another kind of secretory granule which was much less numerous, much smaller in size, and without immunoreactivity to salmon prolactin antiserum. Controls incubated with salmon prolactin-preabsorbed antiserum or normal serum showed no immunoreactive cells, confirming the specificity of the antiserum. The possible role of prolactin in the osmoregulation of tilapia larvae is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297506
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    GABA-like immunoreactivity in a common inhibitory neuron of the antennal motor system of crickets (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennae ; Motoneurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cobalt labelling ; GABA ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In crickets, a deutocerebral motoneuron sends axon collaterals to 6 of the 7 antennal muscles. Previous results indicated that this neuron exerts inhibition on these muscles and thus may be a common inhibitory motoneuron. In our present study, we show by doublelabelling, i.e. retrograde cobalt-filling and GABA-immunocytochemistry, that this neuron is GABA-immunoreactive, thus demonstrating that one common inhibitory motoneuron is part of the antennal motor system of crickets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318637
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    Distinct distribution of CGRP-, enkephalin-, galanin-, neuromedin U-, neuropeptide Y-, somatostatin-, substance P-, VIP- and serotonin-containing neurons in the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks of the porcine small intestine (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Submucosal plexuses ; Enteric nervous system ; Small intestine ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to differences between the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks, i.e., the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) and the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner), with respect to the occurrence and distribution of serotonin as neurotransmitter, immunocytochemistry also revealed a distinct distribution for various neuropeptides in these two plexuses. Immunoreactivity for galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neuromedin U, enkephalin, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y was found in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres of both submucosal ganglionic plexuses, albeit with a distinct distributional pattern. The difference in neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator content between both neural networks became even more obvious when attention was focussed on the immunoreactivity of the nerve cell bodies for these substances. Indeed, neuropeptide Y, enkephalin-and somatostatin-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya as well as serotonergic neuronal cell bodies appear solely in the plexus submucosus externus. Neuromedin U-immunoreactive perikarya, mostly coexisting with substance P, are observed in large numbers in the plexus submucosus internus, whilst they are rare in the plexus submucosus externus. Double-labelling immunostaining for substance P with CGRP and galanin revealed a different coexistence pattern for the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses. The differing chemical content of the neuronal populations supports the hypothesis that the existence of the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses, present in most large mammals including man, not only reflects a morphological difference but also points to differentiated functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318639
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    Immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study of the elasmobranch nucleus sacci vasculosi (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 395-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus sacci vasculosi ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Tuberculum posterius ; Scyliorhinus caniculus, Raja undulata (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The elasmobranch nucleus sacci vasculosi was studied by means of electron microscopy (in the dogfish) and immunocytochemistry (in the dogfish and the skate) by using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, somatostatin, serotonin, and substance P. Ultrastructural study of the dogfish nucleus sacci vasculosi shows the presence of medium-sized cells that possess numerous mitochondria but that have no dense-core vesicles in the cytoplasm or in cell processes. Fibres of the conspicuous tractus sacci vasculosi have a beaded appearance and form conventional synapses with dendrites and cell perikarya of the nucleus sacci vasculosi. The perikarya of this hypothalamic nucleus were not immunoreactive to any of the antibodies tested, and fibres immunopositive to tyrosine hydroxylase, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, somatostatin, serotonin, and substance P were scarce within this nucleus, in both the dogfish and the skate. Dorsal to the nucleus sacci vasculosi, there are numerous positive neuronal processes in addition to many small neurons that show immunoreactivity to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, somatostatin and tyrosine hydroxylase. Two types of neuron occur in this dorsal region, displaying dense-core vesicles of either 100–160 nm or 60–100 nm diameter in their cytoplasm; they were identified as peptide-containing and monoamine-containing neurons, respectively. The neuropil of this region has a significantly different ultrastructure from that of the nucleus sacci vasculosi, with many processes containing dense-core vesicles. This group of neurons, located dorsal to the nucleus sacci vasculosi and showing (a) immunoreactivity to neuropeptides or to monoamine-synthesizing enzyme, and (b) cytoplasm with dense-core vesicles, was considered not to be a part of the nucleus sacci vasculosi but rather part of the nucleus tuberculi posterioris. These results support the non-peptidergic and non-aminergic character of the nucleus sacci vasculosi.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328023
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    Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the ventral nerve cord of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata: Identification of five different neuron classes (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Whole-mount ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect ventral nervous system ; Interneurons ; Efferent neurons ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an immunohistochemical study of the ventral nerve cord of L. decemlineata, five distinct neuron categories were distinguished: 1) Two paired segmental twin interneurons occur in each ganglion or neuromere; their axons distribute processes over almost the entire nerve cord and run to the cerebral ganglion complex. In contrast, other axons are distributed locally. 2) Four large frontal neurosecretory neurons occur in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), two of which have axons that run into the mandibular nerves to form a neurohemal plexus on the surface of cerebral nerves. 3) A pair of large caudal neurons occur in the terminal ganglion and innervate the hindgut. 4) Local miniature interneurons occur in the SOG. 5) Terminal neurons are present in the last abdominal ganglion. Segmental twin interneurons appear to be grouped into 3 ‘functional units’ spanning several ganglia. Their axons run to specific projection areas, which separate the functional units, and which mark the externally visible separation of condensed ganglion complexes. A possible role of the most caudal functional unit might be the synaptic control of caudal neurons innervating the hindgut.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328024
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    Pericyte involvement in capillary sprouting during angiogenesis in situ (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pericytes ; Angiogenesis ; Capillaries ; Capillary sprouting ; Desmin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat Adenocarcinoma cells, rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the participation of microvascular pericytes in the process of capillary sprouting, we examined whole-mount preparations of the rat mesentery by use of a double immunofluorescence approach. Angiogenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of either the mast cell-degranulating substance compound 48/80 or tumor cell-conditioned medium. Capillary sprouts were visualized by staining with rhodaminconjugated phalloidin and pericytes were simultaneosly stained by an antibody to the intermediate filament protein desmin. Developing pericytes were negative for the smooth-muscle isoform of α-actin, bbut were clearly reactive for desmin. Pericytes appear to be involved in the carliest stages of capillary sprouting. Pericytes were regularly found lying at and in front of the advancing tips of endothelial sprouts. At many sites pericytes were seen to bridge the gap between the leading edges of opposing endothelial sprouts, which were apparently preparing to merge, suggesting that pericytic processes may serve as guiding structures aiding outgrowth of endothelial cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645048
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    Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system, central ; Neurohormones ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive (FLI) neurons and their morphological characteristics have been investigated in the central nervous system of the snail, Helix pomatia L. Approximately phageal ganglion complex. More than 50% of the FLI neurons were located in the cerebral ganglia. The FLI neurons could be divided into four groups according to size: (i) giant neurons (over 100 μm); (ii) large neurons (80–100 μm); (iii) medium-sized neurons (40–70 μm); (iv) small neurons (12–30 μm). They were distributed i) in groups or clusters, typical of small neurons and ii) in solitary form or in groups comprising 2–3 cells, typical of large and giant neurons. Giant and large neurons revealed only limited arborizations in the neuropil, but rich branching towards and in the peripheral nerves. Some of the small neurons had extensive arborizations of varicose fibers in the neuropil. They may therefore play some role in integratory processes. Varicose FLI fibers were visualized in the cell body layer of the different ganglia, and in the neural sheath of both the ganglia and the peripheral nerves. We propose a multifunctional involvement of FLI neurons and FMRFamide-like neuropeptides in the Helix nervous system: (i) a synaptic or modulatory role in axo-axonic interactions in the neuropil; (ii) a direct influence on neuronal cell bodies in the cortical layer, (iii) innervation of different peripheral organs; and (iv) remote neurohormonal control of peripheral events through the neural sheath.
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    Stereological study of gonadotropes in the frog, Rana pipiens, after GnRH stimulation in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Gonadotropes ; Morphometry ; Stereology ; Rana pipiens (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous physiological results have indicated the existence of two releasable pools of gonadotropins in amphibian pituitaries: an acute releasable pool that appears independent of protein synthesis, and a storage pool involved in chronic release that depends on protein synthesis. To elucidate the ultrastructural localization of these pools and the morphological changes induced in gonadotrope cells after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, we carried out a morphometric study of immuno-identified gonadotrope cells using an in vitro superfusion system. Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced a degranulation of small (110–255 nm) and medium (236–360 nm) secretory granules as well as hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Simultaneous incubation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and cycloheximide inhibited the release of secretory granules although the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were hypertrophied. These morphological results strongly suggest: (1) that gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces degranulation and hypertrophy of the biosynthetic machinery in gonadotrope cells; and (2) that the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex by stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone is independent of protein synthesis, while the release of secretory granules is protein synthesis-dependent. In addition, the second or “storage” pool of gonadotropin is associated mainly with the small and medium secretory granules.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the binding and internalization of growth hormone in GERL of Chang hepatoma cells (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chang hepatoma cells ; Growth hormone ; GERL ; Golgi complex ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding and internalization of endogenous growth hormone in Chang hepatoma cells were localized on the cell surface and in the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome (GERL) area by various indirect immunocytochemical labeling techniques, namely, peroxidase or colloidal gold conjugated to secondary antibody, and avidin-biotin complex methods. Rabbit antiserum and monoclonal antibodies raised against HPLC-purified porcine growth hormone were used in this study. In fixed material, antigen-antibody complexes were found to be homogeneously distributed along the cell membrane. Control groups showed negative binding on the cell surface. Trypsin treatment before immunolabeling removed antibody binding completely, but hyaluronidase was ineffective. Pretreatment of lectins did not block the recognition of primary antibody to antigen molecules on cell surface. Internalization of the antigen-antibody peroxidase or gold complexes was demonstrated in the cells, which were immunolabeled at 4°C, and then reincubated for 0–30 min at 37°C before fixation. After reincubation, the internalized ligand complexes were found in vesicles near the cell surface or in the GERL area near the Golgi apparatus which, however, did not label for peroxidase. These findings suggest that the trypsin-sensitive growth hormone, specifically bound and internalized into Chang hepatoma cells, is localized in the GERL instead of the Golgi apparatus and might be involved in the mechanism of tumor cell growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309882
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    Localization of basic fibroblast growth factor in a subpopulation of rat sensory neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory ganglia ; Sympathetic ganglia ; Parasympathetic ganglia ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Substance P ; Somatostatin ; Bombesin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar: Han)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-immunoreactivity (IR) was studied in rat sensory and autonomic ganglia. In postnatal and adult sympathetic superior cervical ganglia and in adult parasympathetic otic ganglia no bFGF-staining was found. Postnatal and adult neural crest-and placode-derived sensory ganglia displayed intensive bFGF-IR in a neuronal subpopulation. This subpopulation was characterized by use of consecutive sections of adult dorsal root ganglia stained with antibodies against substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, and bFGF. Basic FGF was colocalized with the somatostatin/bombesin subpopulation but not with substance P.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318698
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    Aminergic neurons in the brain of blowflies and Drosophila: dopamine- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons and their relationship with putative histaminergic neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 147-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster, Phormia terraenovae, Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and morphology of neurons reacting with antisera against dopamine (DA), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and histamine (HA) were analyzed in the blowflies Calliphora erythrocephala and Phormia terraenovae. TH-immunoreactive (THIR) and HA-immunoreactive (HAIR) neurons were also mapped in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. The antisera against DA and TH specifically labeled the same neurons in the blowflies. About 300 neurons displayed DA immunoreactivity (DAIR) and THIR in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the blowflies. Most of these neurons were located in bilateral clusters; some were distributed as bilateral pairs, and two ventral unpaired median (VUM) neurons were seen in the subesophageal ganglion. Immunoreactive processes were found in all compartments of the mushroom bodies except the calyces, in all divisions of the central body complex, in the medulla, lobula and lobula plate of the optic lobe, and in non-glomerular neuropil of protocerebrum, tritocerebrum and the subesophageal ganglion. No DA or TH immunoreactivity was seen in the antennal lobes. In Drosophila, neurons homologous to the blowfly neurons were detected with the TH antiserum. In Phormia and Drosophila, 18 HA-immunoreactive neurons were located in the protocerebrum and 2 in the subesophageal ganglion. The HAIR neurons arborized extensively, but except for processes in the lobula, all HAIR processes were seen in non-glomerular neuropil. The deuto- and tritocerebrum was devoid of HAIR processes. Double labeling experiments demonstrated that TH and HA immunoreactivity was not colocalized in any neuron. In some regions there wasm however, substantial superposition between the two systems. The morphology of the extensively arborizing aminergic neurons described suggests that they have modulatory functions in the brain and subesophageal ganglion.
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    Differentiation of the melanotrophic cells of rat pituitary primordium in organotypic culture in defined medium (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 169-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal intermediate lobe ; Tissue culture ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Dopamine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Organotypic cultures, in defined medium, of pituitary primordia obtained from 15-day-old rat fetuses were performed in order to study the in vitro differentiation of melanotrophic cells. The morphological and ultrastructural features of the transplants resembled those of the gland developing in vivo. In situ hybridization on semi-thin sections, using a 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probe, revealed pro-opiomelanocortin-mRNA-containing cells on the first day of culture in the anterior lobe and after 2–3 days in the intermediate lobe. Immunoperoxidase labelling of adjacent sections showed that the same cells reacted with antibodies against α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), γ3 and adrenocorticotropic hormone in both lobes. The pro-opiomelanocortin-mRNA-containing cells formed progressively conspicuous areas in the intermediate lobe, which was almost uniformly labelled after 6 days. In the anterior lobe, these cells remained scattered in small cell groups, and colloidal gold immunolabelling showed the progressive disappearance of αMSH labelling from the secretory vesicles in cells exhibiting morphological features of adult corticotrophic cells. Both the αMSH content of the explants and αMSH release into the culture medium increased with time. Treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine induced a strong dose-dependent decrease in αMSH secretion, which was significant after 3 days in culture, indicating that dopamine D2 receptors are able to regulate hormonal release of melanotrophic cells at early stages. This system constitutes a suitable model for further studies of factors controlling cell differentiation and cellular interactions involved in histogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318702
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    Development of the diffuse endocrine system in the chicken proventriculus (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine ontogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Silver impregnations ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light-and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297548
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    Distribution of galanin-like peptide in various tissues of Necturus maculosus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Galanin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Necturus maculosus (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Galanin is a biologically active peptide which has a wide pattern of distribution in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. However, the distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in amphibian species has not been well elucidated. In the present study, biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the relative concentrations, biochemical nature, and cellular localization of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain, heart, urinary bladder, and small intestine of Necturus maculosus (common name: mudpuppy). The results of this study indicate that each of these types of tissue contain a galanin-like peptide which is similar to porcine galanin. Brain and heart concentrations of galanin-like immuno-reactivity were particularly high, although substantial amounts were also present in the small intestine and urinary bladder. Galanin immunoreactivity was observed in ascending fiber tracts of the brainstem and in fibers in the hypothalamus. In addition, galanin immunoreactivity was observed in autonomic neurons and processes in the heart, bladder, and small intestine. The pattern of distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in many tissues of this amphibian species is similar to the previously described mammalian pattern; however, galanin-immunoreactive innervation of cardiac tissue has not been reported in mammals. We suggest that galanin-like immunoreactivity in the heart may be more extensive in amphibian species than in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305242
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  • 88
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    Photoreceptor membrane turnover in the crayfish Cherax destructor: electron microscopy and anti-rhodopsin electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 483-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Rhodopsin ; Membrane recycling ; Cherax destructor (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the ultrastructure of retinula cells of the Australian crayfish Cherax destructor at different times over a 24-hour cycle, together with patterns of anti-rhodopsin antigenicity, has lead to the formulation of a model of photoreceptor membrane turnover in these animals. Its main features are: (a) the existence of two bursts of rhabdomeral membrane breakdown; one, light-sensitive and synchronous, occurring at dawn, the other, constituting the first part of the membrane replacement phase itself, occurring during the afternoon and night, (b) the desynchronisation of the replacement phase of turnover between animals and to a lesser extent between cells of the same retina, (c) confinement of ultrastructurally detectable signs of photoreceptor membrane processing to the retinula cells themselves, and (d) replacement of a substantial part if not all of the rhabdomeral membrane daily. This model is compatible with many of the observations reported on the American crayfish Procambarus, and utilises the same basic mechanisms that are believed to operate in photoreceptor membrane turnover in many other arthropod compound eyes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305244
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  • 89
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    Direct photosensitivity of chick pinealocytes as demonstrated by visinin immunoreactivity (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocytes ; Visinin ; Calcium-binding protein ; Light, constant ; Photosensitization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Visinin, a calcium-binding protein isolated from the soluble fraction of homogenized chick retinae, has been recognized immunocytochemically in the pinealocytes of various submammals. In the chick pineal organ, continuous environmental light induced an increase in population density of visinin-immunoreactive pinealocytes. In semi-quantitative, dot-immunoblotting analysis, the amount of visinin in the pineal organs of chicks kept under continuous light for 3 days was 4–8 fold more abundant than that under continuous darkness for the same duration. Eye-enucleation and organ culture experiments clarified that this lighting effect was exerted directly on the pineal organ through the skull, and not via the neural pathway including the retinohypothalamic projection. These data suggest the existence of direct photosensitivity in the chick pinealocyte itself and the possible involvement of visinin in photoreception of the pineal organ as well as the retina of chicks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305245
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  • 90
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    Immunocytochemical localization of vasotocin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cartilaginous fish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasotocin ; Hypothalamus ; Neurosecretory fibers ; Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of vasotocin-like peptides in the central nervous system of the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula was determined by indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase anti-peroxidase techniques, using a specific antiserum raised in rabbits against synthetic vasotocin. Immunoreactive perikarya were mainly detected in the anterior hypothalamus, within the midcaudal part of the preoptic nucleus. The most rostral positive cell bodies were located in the dorso-lateral parts of the preoptic area, whereas at a more caudal level, they took a ventro-medial position within the deepest layers of the nucleus. Throughout the preoptic region these cells varied in shape according to their location. Occasionally, scattered vasotocin-like immunopositive cells were also identified in the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami. Vasotocin immunoreactivity was detected in numerous varicose nerve fibers of the preopticohypophysial tract. These fibers were seen to course through the medio-basal hypothalamus and caudally, after having passed the hypophysial stem, they reached the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. Numerous immunoreactive fibers were also observed within the rostro-medial region of the median eminence. At this level the fibers were in close proximity to the capillary loops. In the preoptic region, some stained cells exibited short processes that appeared to contact non-reactive perikarya. By comparing the distribution of vasotocin- and corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity on adjacent then serial sections, it was revealed that these peptides, in S. canicula, do not coexist in the same perikarya. The present results, are compared with those obtained in other vertebrate groups, and their possible functional implications are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305246
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  • 91
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    PYY-like material and its spatial relationship with NPY, CGRP and 5-HT in the lung of the Syrian golden hamster (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: PYY ; NPY ; CGRP ; Serotonin ; Lung ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mesocricetus auratus (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the presence of peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide and serotonin in the hamster lung by radioimmunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography and immunocytochemistry. Lung-tissue concentrations of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y were 1.3±0.2 and 2.5±0.2 pmol/g wet weight, respectively. These two closely related pancreatic peptides were demonstrated in separate peaks with high performance liquid chromatography. The peptide YY appeared fragmented as immunoreactive peptide YY eluted primarily late in the gradient but showed additional peaks early in the gradient. Peptide YY-like immunoreactivity (PYY-LI) was predominantly observed in one or more cells of neuroepithelial bodies in all airways peripheral to bronchioles, and in solitary neuroendocrine cells primarily located in the same peripheral areas. Neuropeptide Y-LI was seen in individual, thin nerve fibers around arteries and veins, in the airway lamina propria, and in the airway epithelium; in the latter also immunopositive nerve terminals were located. This pattern did not appear to coincide with that of calcitonin gene-related peptide-LI in epithelial nerve fibers and terminals. Peptide YY-LI, calcitonin gene-related-LI and serotonin-LI were present in cells of one and the same neuroepithelial body. However, peptide YY-LI was never found to be co-localized with calcitonin gene-related-LI or serotonin-LI, but the latter two were co-localized as previously reported.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305251
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    Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of a molluscan insulin-related peptide in the central nervous system of Planorbarius corneus (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 473-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral ganglia ; Neurohormones ; Molluscan insulin-related peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tannic acid ; Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two groups of cerebral dorsal cells of the pulmonate snail Planorbarius corneus stain positively with antisera raised against synthetic fragments of the B- and C-chain of the molluscan pro-insulin-related prohormone, proMIP-I, of another pulmonate snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. At the light-microscopic level the somata of the dorsal cells and their axons and neurohemal axon terminals in the periphery of the paired median lip nerves are immunoreactive with both antisera. Furthermore, the canopy cells in the lateral lobes of the cerebral ganglia are positive. In addition, MIPB-immunoreactive neurons are found in most other ganglia of the central nervous system. At the ultrastructural level, pale and dark secretory granules are found in somata and axon terminals of the dorsal cells. Dark granules are about 4 times as immunoreactive to both antisera as pale granules. Release of anti-MIPB- and anti-MIPC-immunopositive contents of the secretory granules by exocytosis is apparent in material treated according to the tannic acid method. It is concluded that the dorsal and canopy cells synthesize a molluscan insulin-related peptide that is packed in the cell body into secretory granules and that is subsequently transported to the neurohemal axon terminals and released into the hemolymph by exocytosis. Thus, MIP seems to act as a neurohormone on peripheral targets. On the basis of the analogy between the dorsal cells and the MIP-producing cells in L. stagnalis, it is proposed that the dorsal cells of P. corneus are involved in the control of body growth and associated processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319369
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    Culture and characterization of dental follicle cells from rat molars (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 483-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dental follicle ; Cell culture ; Fibroblasts ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Collagen ; Gel-electrophoresis ; Western blotting ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Because the dental follicle is necessary for the eruption of teeth of limited eruption, it was the objective of this study to determine if the cells of the follicle could be cultured in vitro. To achieve this, dental follicles and associated enamel organs were dissected from the first and second mandibular molars of 6–7-day-old rats (secretory stage of amelogenesis), and then cultured in a medium that promotes fibroblast growth — the predominant cell type of the dental follicle. The cultured cells grew to confluency and were kept through 3 passages before experimentation. The cultured cells were fibroblastic in shape, elongate with processes, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that they contained an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, but did not form desmosomes. Immunofluorescent staining for anti-vimentin showed that all the cells stained and electron-microscopic immunogold labeling indicated that the antibody was associated with intermediate filaments. As revealed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, the cultured cells synthesized and secreted the extracellular matrix molecules fibronectin and procollagens. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of permeabilized and non-permeabilized cells confirmed the presence of fibronectin and type I collagen both intra- and extracellularly. Thus, based on all the above characteristics, the cultured cells appeared to be fibroblasts derived from the dental follicle, although a few of the fibroblasts may be derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells interposed between the alveolar bone and follicle. Experiments now can be conducted to determine how these cultured cells respond directly to growth factors that alter the rates of tooth eruption.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319370
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    Characterization and fine-structural localization of actin-and fibronectin-like proteins in planaria (Dugesia lugubris s.l.) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 499-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Actin-like protein ; Fibronectin-like protein ; Regeneration ; Cell migration ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dugesia lugubris (Tricladida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Actin- and fibronectin-like proteins were characterized in the planarian, Dugesia lugubris s.l., by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis using antisera to vertebrate actin and fibronectin. These antisera recognized protein bands of 42 kDa and 220 kDa, respectively. In addition, the immunohistochemical distribution of both actin- and fibronectin-like material was examined by using immuno-electron microscopy. Actin-like protein was localized in myofibrils in various differentiation stages, and in the peripheral cytoplasm and lamellipodia of cells that were migrating. The fibronectin-like component was associated with the extracellular matrix in the fibrillar structures and with the surface of the migrating cells. Our data suggest that similar cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in cell-matrix interactions and in the morphogenesis of living organisms at different evolutionary levels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319372
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  • 95
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    Synaptic contacts of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive elements in the inner plexiform layer of the retina of Bufo marinus (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Synapses ; Inner plexiform layer ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry was utilized to quantify dopaminergic synapses in the inner plexiform layer of the retina of Bufo marinus. Since dopaminergic cells have bistratified dendritic arborisation in the inner plexiform layer, attention was given to the segregation of synapses between the scleral and the vitreal sublaminae. Light-microscopically, a more elaborate dendritic branching was observed in the scleral than in the vitreal sublamina. In contrast, about 55% of synapses occurred in the vitreal one fifth of the inner plexiform layer, 30% in the scleral fifth, and 15% in the intermediate laminae. Input sources and output targets showed only minor quantitative differences between sublaminae 1 and 5. TH-immunoreactive processes were found in presynaptic (62.8%) and postsynaptic (37.2%) positions. Synapses to the stained dendrites derived from bipolar (40.4%) and amacrine (59.6%) cells, whereas outputs from the TH-positive processes were directed to amacrine cells (56.8%) and to small and medium-sized dendrites (35.4%); at least some of these can be considered as ganglion cell dendrites. TH-positive profiles neither formed synapses with each other nor were presynaptic to bipolar cell terminals. Junctional appositions of the immunoreactive profiles were occasionally seen on non-stained amacrine and ganglion cell dendrites in the scleral sublamina of the inner plexiform layer and on optic axons in the optic fibre layer. Although dopaminergic cells are mainly involved in amacrine-amacrine interactions, inputs from bipolar terminals and outputs to ganglion cell dendrites were also substantial, suggestive of a role also in vertical information processing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319375
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    Embryonic origin and development of the corpuscles of Stannius in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stanniocalcin ; Corpuscles of Stannius ; Embryology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pronephros ; Oncorhynchus keta (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunocytochemical technique was used to follow the embryological origin and development of the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) in the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. Stanniocalcin immunoreactive (ir-) cells can be observed as early as 13 days before hatching. The ir-CS cells appear in clusters of variable size in close association with nephric ducts. In addition, individual ir-cells also occur at this stage amoung epithelial cells of the nephric ducts. these individual cells may give rise to clusters which subsequently increase in size, the largest reaching 100 μm in diameter by the time of hatching. During this period, dispersed CS cells become evident and develop into secondary clusters in the vicinity of the primary clusters. These clusters appear to fuse to form larger clusters with a lobular structure. Transfer of the larvae (20 days after hatching) from fresh water to 50% seawater, accelerates the development of the CS tissue, suggesting an important role of the CS in seawater adaptation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338054
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    Epidermal calcium-binding protein: a marker of early differentiation of basal layer keratinocytes of rats (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Keratinocyte subpopulations ; Epidermal calcium-binding protein ; Low gravity sedimentation ; Immunoblotting ; Immunocytochemistry ; Flow cytometry ; Rats (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal calcium-binding protein (ECaBP) is present in the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and other stratified epithelia. Since the basal layer compartment contains at least two types of cells: slow-cycling, poorly-differentiated, and actively proliferating, more differentiated cells, it was of interest to determine whether they both contained ECaBP. Basal and nearly suprabasal layer keratinocytes from newborn rat epidermis were fractionated into three fractions on the basis of cell size, using low-gravity sedimentation. The cell differentiation in each subgroup was estimated by cell size, morphology, cell cycle stage, RNA/DNA content, and the presence of specific keratins. The presence of ECaBP in these fractions was detected by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Double staining with ECaBP antibodies and propidium iodide followed by flow cytometry was used to correlate ECaBP production and the stage of cell cycle. The relative cell size, measured by the light scattering was used to study the relationship between cell size and ECaBP production. The results show that small keratinocytes with low DNA and RNA content (G0 cells) do not express ECaBP. ECaBP was found only in intermediate size basal keratinocytes with higher DNA and RNA contents, corresponding to actively proliferating S phase cells. Large keratinocytes, which express suprabasal keratin and have low DNA and high RNA content, cease to express ECaBP. ECaBP may, therefore, be a useful marker for assessing the movement of cells from poorly differentiated reserve compartment towards proliferation and further differentiation in both physiological and pathological situations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323582
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    Cellular localization of somatolactin in the pars intermedia of some teleost fishes (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatolactin (SL) ; Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; PAS-positive cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gadus morhua, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Poecillia latipinna (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here on the cellular localization in the fish pituitary of somatolactin (SL), a putative new pituitary hormone related to growth hormone and prolactin, which has been recently identified in the piscine pituitary gland. Immunocytochemical staining, using anti-cod SL serum, revealed that in the cod pituitary gland, SL is produced by cells in the intermediate lobe, bordering the neural tissue. These cells, staining weakly with periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS), are distinct from the melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) cells which, as in all teleosts, are PAS-negative. SL-immunoreactivity was observed in the same location in all other teleost species examined: flounder, rainbow trout, killifish, molly, catfish and eel. In most fish the SL-immunoreactive cells are either strongly or weakly PAS-positive but in rainbow trout are chromophobic, indicating that the SL protein can probably exist in glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. Thus, in demonstrating the cellular localization of SL, this study provides the first identification of the enigmatic, second cell-type of the fish pars intermedia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318762
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    Neurofilaments in rat and cat spinal cord; a comparative immunocytochemical study of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated subunits (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Motoneurones ; Dorsal horn ; Neurofilament ; Phosphorylation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurofilament immunoreactivity was examined in spinal cords of rats and cats with antibodies to all three subunits (68 kD, 155 kD and 200 kD) and to different phosphorylation states of 200 kD. NFHP-, an antibody against non-phosphorylated 200 kD, labelled all rat neuronal perikarya but failed to labet cat neurofilaments. In both species, the perikarya and processes of motoneurones were immunoreactive for all three subunits but most dorsal horn neuronal perikarya were not immunoreactive for 68 kD and 155 kD. Motoneuronal perikarya and proximal processes showed filamentous labelling for 68 kD but not for 155 kD in the rat, while in neither species did these show labelling with RT97, an antibody against a highly phosphorylated form of 200 kD; immunoreactivity for 200 kD was present in both filamentous (probably partially phosphorylated) and non-filamentous (non-phosphorylated) forms, but in dorsal horn neurones only the latter was present. Interpretations consistent with this data are: in rat and possibly also cat, motoneuronal neurofilaments consist of a 68 kD backbone with partially phosphorylated 200 kD sidearms, with both 155 kD and 200 kD (non-phosphorylated) subunits in a non-filamentous form; this neurofilament becomes more highly phosphorylated along the proximal processes. The dorsal horn neurones probably contain 200 kD in a non-filamentous form but may lack the other subunits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302730
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    Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the distribution of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes within central and peripheral axons of adult hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurofilaments ; Phosphorylation ; Axon ; Immunocytochemistry ; Golden syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament epitopes was determined immunocytochemically in adjacent 2 μm-thick sections of sciatic nerve, ventral root and spinal cord. Staining was scored as either intense, moderate or absent and the proportion of labeled axons was calculated for each category. Nearly all sciatic nerve and ventral root axons were immunoreactive with both antibodies against phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilaments and there were no significant differences in the number of intensely- or moderately-labeled axons. Within the spinal cord however, while the majority of large caliber axons was stained with both antibodies, there was a significant number of small caliber axons which stained only with antibodies against phosphorylated neurofilaments. These results show that phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments are extensively codistributed in CNS and PNS axons, and that in the CNS, staining intensity for non-phosphorylated epitopes is less in the smaller axons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318768
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