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  • Articles  (160)
  • resistance  (105)
  • breeding  (58)
  • Springer  (160)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (160)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (160)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of soybean-Heterodera glycines system (1995)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 1 (1995), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Heterodera glycines ; inheritance ; resistance ; soybean ; soybean cyst nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetics of resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is very complex. Crosses involving PI 437654, which is resistant to all races of cyst nematodes with other sources of resistance (Peking, PI 88788, and PI 90763) indicated that resistance to race 3 was controlled by four genes, two of which were dominant resistance genes and the other two were recessive resistance genes. For race 5, a four gene model with two recessive and two dominant resistance genes in epistasis has been proposed. For race 14, the results suggested a three gene model with one dominant and two recessive alleles. Several other plant introductions have been isolated which have different genes conditioning resistance. Most of the currently grown soybean varieties derived resistance from Peking and/or PI 88788. Resistance to SCN in these soybean varieties has broken down because of the emergence of several new races and populations of SCN. The use of PI 437654 or Hartwig and other plant introductions with different genes for resistance will broaden genetic diversity and stabilize yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140334
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Components and Deployment of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (1998)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 3 (1998), S. 209-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Keywords: cassava ; Manihot esculenta ; Africa ; cassava mosaic virus disease ; whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) ; control ; varietal diversity ; resistance ; deployment ; durability ; breakdown ; phytosanitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD) is prevalent and causes serious losses in cassava (Manihot esculenta) in southern India and in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is caused by viruses of the Geminiviridae that are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and disseminated in the stem cuttings used routinely for propagation. The main approach to control is through the use of virus-resistant varieties, but suitable ones are not always available and susceptible varieties are still widely grown. This explains why CMD continues to be a problem in many areas. CMD-resistant varieties have several features which are considered in this review:- • They are not readily infected, even when exposed to large amounts of vector-borne inoculum. • When infected they develop symptoms that tend to be inconspicuous and not associated with obvious deleterious effects on growth or yield. Moreover, the symptoms become even less conspicuous as growth proceeds and plants may eventually recover and become symptomless. • Infected plants support a low virus content and they are likely to be a poor source of inoculum from which further spread can occur. • Virus is not fully systemic within infected plants which can be a source of uninfected planting material when stem cuttings are collected for further propagation. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘reversion’ and it has an important ‘cleansing effect’ in restricting or preventing the progressive deterioration in health status that would otherwise occur during successive cycles of vegetative propagation. The available information on the different components of resistance is discussed and it is concluded that they are inter-related features of the same basic mechanism that restricts virus entry, replication and movement within the host. It is argued that the effectiveness and durability of virus-resistant varieties are likely to be influenced by the way in which they are deployed. However, this topic has received little attention from researchers and there is continuing uncertainty on the effects of CMD on the yield of resistant varieties and on the role of phytosanitation. This involves the use of virus-free planting material and the removal (roguing) of any additional diseased plants that occur. Some consider that these procedures complement the use of virus-resistant varieties and should be adopted, whereas others argue that they are unnecessary and inappropriate. It is concluded that there is considerable scope for utilizing resistant varieties more widely and more effectively than at present, but in doing so it is important to avoid eroding the genetic diversity that is currently such a marked feature of cassava cultivation in Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009626806156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An agenda for future potato research (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; sustainable production ; breeding ; resistance processing ; storage ; priorities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The world is changing, and the rate of change is accelerating, nowhere moreso than in the pace of scientific discovery and the advance of technology. The last thirty years have also seen substantial global changes in potato production which are likely to continue if current projections are correct. Climate change is bound to affect local weather patterns, which will influence both the epidemiology of pests and pathogens and broaden their geographic range. An agenda for future research will of necessity include much of the current agenda; research into more sustainable systems; research into new and novel resistances to biotic and abiotic constraints, combining modern cell and molecular-based technologies with classical breeding approaches and research into the genetic and biochemical bases of low temperature sweetening and dormancy control, that should lead to varieties with superior storage characteristics, particularly for processing. However, a future agenda has to retain some flexibility and a component of speculative research. Perhaps potatoes could become a source of industrial feedstock or pharmaceuticals, perhaps there is a place for cultivars produced by botanic seed in Europe? The exciting thing about research is that we cannot always predict where it will lead, and a future agenda must not curb the enthusiasm of any young scientist by too rigidly adhering to that suggested here. it is essential that scientific options are kept open.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357944
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light induced bio-control of potato storage pathogens in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: resistance ; Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars ; glycoalkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of freeze dried potato powder derived from tubers (cvs Désirée and Epicure) exposed to light as a culture medium on the growth, number and spore size of nine fungal pathogens was determined in vitro with particular emphasis on the role of glycoalkaloids. Greater reductions in pathogen growth reflected increased exposure to light of tubers prior to freeze drying. High correlations (% R2 adj) were obtained between glycoalkaloid concentration and growth rate of the majority of pathogens tested. Where spores were produced, numbers were in general significantly less when cultured on freeze dried powder derived from tubers exposed to light. No effects on spore size ofFusarium species were recorded, but spore length of remaining pathogens was reduced and spore width increased, with the exception ofC. coccodes where spore length and width was increased following culture onto freeze dried powder derived from tubers exposed to light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358437
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 199-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: PVY ; resistance ; progeny tests ; inheritance ; potato breeding ; Solanum tuberosum L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Segregation for extreme resistance to PVY was evaluated in progenies derived from crossing two extremely resistant potato clones with parents differing in resistance. Resistance was evaluated after mechanical inoculation with PVYO and PVYN, and after graft inoculation with PVYO. Biological and serological tests (ELISA) were used for virus detection. The extreme resistance is governed by a single dominant gene, but observed segregations deviated from the expected ratios. Considerable modifying effects were detectable, depending on the potato genotype and virus isolate, for a significant excess of susceptible genotypes was observed in some progenies. Moreover, genotypes with non-parental types of resistance to PVY were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357933
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the response toPseudomonas solanacearum of transgenic lines of potato carrying a cecropin gene analogue (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: bacterial wilt ; resistance ; transformation ; Agrobacterium ; S. tuberosum L. ; transgenic plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic potato plants of cv. Désirée carrying an antibacterial gene, coding for a cecropin lytic peptide analogue, were inoculated with a virulent strain ofPseudomonas solanacearum under controlled conditions. The disease index scored during three repeated infection trials indicated an increased variability in plant response among the transgenic lines which gave either a more susceptible or a more resistant response to the pathogen when compared with untransformed Désirée. Immunity toP. solanacearum was not observed, but it was possible to select a group of transgenic lines that showed resistance levels and disease development curves comparable to the field resistant cv. Cruza 148.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357742
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forty years of potato research: highlights, achievements and prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 5-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: agronomy ; breeding ; physiology ; pathology ; virology ; engineering ; utilization ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The highlights and achievements of 40 years of potato research in agronomy; genetics, breeding and varietal assessment; physiology; pathology (including nematology); virology; engineering; and utilization are reviewed and the prospects for new developments are analysed. In all disciplines progress has been impressive and has changed the potato industry dramatically. Yet, some old problems remain unsolved (Phytophthora infestans, blackspot) or are returning (cyst and other nematodes) and new problems have arisen (e. g. volunteer potatoes, new strains of PVY, virulent cold-resistant strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum). The potato industry faces new challenges from society (environmentally safe production) and the consumers (improved quality). Farmers, researchers and processors have access to many new exciting techniques, tools and opportunities, such as precision farming, genetic engineering, molecular detection and analytical techniques, integrated chain management, novel preservation and processing methods. The problems and opportunities both warrant a continued effort in potato research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407558
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments in potato research: scientific highlights of the EAPR conference in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999 (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 381-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: agronomy ; breeding ; pathology ; physiology ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; storage ; utilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This contribution presents highlights of the oral and poster presentations in the various sessions of the 14th Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research, held in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999. It is based on the reports of the session chairpersons and the book of abstracts. The paper reports the progress made in many aspects of potato research, but also stresses the need for further collaborative work, especially in the fields of molecular physiology, marker assisted breeding, control of late blight, potato tuber moth and other pests and diseases, stress physiology and stress resistance, and sustainable cropping systems with both short and long cycle potato crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357864
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft-rot resistance combined with other tuber characters in long day-adaptedSolanum phureja (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 69-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; diploid ; Erwinia ; yield ; tuber characters ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Offspring were produced from a cross between two long-day-adaptedSolanum phureja clones which carried resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica). In tests carried out on the produce of field-grown plants raised from tubers, over fifty per cent of the 173 offspring were found to be highly resistant. Assessments were also carried out of tuber yield, mean tuber weight, tuber number, shape, regularity, flesh colour, texture of the steamed flesh, fry colour, after-cooking blackening, sprout length after storage and overall dormancy. There were statistically significant differences between clones for all characters (P〈0.001). Twelve of the clones were selected on the basis of high resistance, yield, tuber weight, regularity of shape and absence of after-cooking blackening. The value of resistant long-day-adapted diploid material for commercial breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360263
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates ofFusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: post harvest disease ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; resistance ; toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358198
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. I. A literature review (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum spp. ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; biology ; pathotypes ; damage ; resistance ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A description of the biology of potato cyst nematodes,Globodera rostochiensis andG. pallida, and symptom development in potato crops is presented. This is followed by an overview of resistance and tolerance research and an explanation of how resistance derived fromSolanum andigena was deployed in integrated control schemes on sandy and sandy peat soils in the north-east of The Netherlands. The frequent use of this resistance source resulted in the predominance of ‘new’ pathotypes ofG. rostochiensis and ofG. pallida. The ability of the cyst nematodes to respond to new types of resistance with new pathotypes makes the search and breeding for resistance a continuing process. The absence of tolerance in exS. vernei (VTn)2 62-33-3 cultivars showed that resistance, if it is to be of use in severely infested fields, must be combined with an appreciable level of tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358013
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf effects of wild species ofSolanum and interspecific hybrids on growth and behaviour of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: antibiosis ; antixenosis ; Solanum sparsipilum ; S. pinnatisectum ; S. berthaultii ; glandular trichomes ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four introductions ofSolanum berthaultii wild species and sevenS. tuberosumxS. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated by antibiosis and antixenosis laboratory tests with potato tuber moth. Some morphological and chemical traits related to the trichomes were analysed. Two clones of the wild speciesS. sparsipilum and five ofS. pinnatisectum, characterised by high tuber resistance, were tested for leaf resistance, both by antibiosis and antixenosis assays. The genotypes with high density of trichomes A and with high exudate PPO activity, showed a moderate negative effect on pupal weight and fecundity in the antibiosis tests. Trichomes B exudate showed a strong repulsive effect on oviposition of adult in the antixenosis tests. TheS. pinnatisectum clones revealed a good leaf resistance level, whereas theS. sparsipilum clones showed lower levels of antibiosis and antixenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358002
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of potato propagation by means of seed, as distinct from clonal propagation by tubers (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 191-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; propagation by sexual seed ; vegetative propagation ; socio-economic potential ; potatoes in the tropics ; breeding ; true potato seed (TPS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The vast majority of cultivated potatoes are vegetatively propagated, outbred autotretraploids. Disease problems dominate the maintenance of vegetative stocks. There have been recent proposals to propagate the crop by sexual seed in order to evade some of those disease problems. Some success has been achieved but controlled crosses are necessary to avoid inbreeding depression and seed propagation is not as cheap or simple as had been hoped. The idea has evoked wide interest throughout the tropics and has had some (and increasing) practical impact on China, India and Vietnam. There is a strong tendency to use ‘tuberlets’ borne on crowded nursery plants rather than to grow true seedlings. Some seedling families have looked locally attractive but it is not always realised that to use them implies the abandonment of about half the genetic variation, a heavy price to pay for disease avoidance. There is emerging recognition that vegetative and seed propagation are complementary rather than competitive and that good breeding programmes will therefore serve both. This review concentrates upon genetic/plant breeding aspects of propagation by seed, a subject hitherto largely neglected in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358245
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five years of international potato research, a retrospective and forward look (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: germplasm ; TPS ; resistance ; rapid multiplication ; virus ; collaborative research ; research priorities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary After an initial phase of development and programme establishment the activities of the International Potato Center (CIP) grew rapidly from 1981 to 1985, putting emphasis on germplasm distribution, research on diffused-light storage and TPS, and exploration of sources of resistance. Later, strong emphasis was given to genetic resource utilization and field resistance to late blight. The impact of CIP research showed internal rates of return ranging from 26 to 102 percent. At the end of the 1980s CIP's financial resources were cut severely and restructuring the programme was necessary. Through a careful process of prioritizing, programmes are identified which will contribute most to ensuring the continued increase of potato production in developing countries and to continuing the leading role of CIP in potato research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357945
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The male fertility of primary and further generation dihaploids ofSolanum tuberosum (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: pollen stainability ; anthers ; breeding ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Male sterility in dihaploids ofSolanum tuberosum is often a barrier to their utilization in breeding and genetical studies. Although the male fertility of primary dihaploids (obtained directly from tetraploids) was generally low, a few were produced by the author which produced seed when used as pollen parents on female fertile dihaploids. The population of further generation dihaploids (from dihaploid intercrosses) produced from the showed a marked improvement in male fertility. Comparative data from measurements of different aspects of male fertility in dihaploids are presented. These showed that the weight of pollen per anther, the percentage of (iodine) stainable pollen and the number of seeds per berry were greater in further generation dihaploids than in primary dihaploids. It is suggested that interspecific crosses using dihaploids are not necessarily useful for increasing male fertility in diploid potatoes. The advantages of breeding at the diploid level withinS. tuberosum are discussed. Rare male-fertile dihaploids could be used to generate diploids with a high frequency of male fertility. These could then be used to cross with any other flowering dihaploids to combine characters at the diploid level, so exploiting the simpler genetic ratios associated with disomic inheritance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407562
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Analyses of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to shape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflowers (shape Helianthus annuus L.) using molecular markers (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; QTL ; resistance ; RFLP ; Sclerotinia scerotorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphism and isoenzyme markers were used to investigate quantitative trait loci involved in sunflower resistance to mycelial extension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on leaves and capitula. Seed weight, oil content and flowering data were also evaluated. Four quantitative trait loci were demonstrated for leaf resistance and two for capitulum resistance. One of these zones appears involved in resistance to both types of S. sclerotiorum attack while the others appear specific for resistance of one part of the plant. Two quantitative trait loci were detected for seed weight, three for oil content and three for flowering date. Individual quantitative trait loci explained 9% to 48% of the phenotypic variability, confirming the polygenic basis of the quantitative traits studied. Overall, the quantitative trait loci explain 60% of the genetic variation for leaf resistance and 38% for capitulum resistance to S. sclerotiorum. One linkage group is particularly interesting since it includes quantitative trait loci for all the five quantitative traits measured. Hypotheses for linkage versus pleiotropy and consequences of all the results in resistance breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009694626992
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barley tissue as direct template for PCR: a practical breeding tool (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: barley ; breeding ; Hordeum vulgare ; polymerase chain reaction ; tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A method for using alkali treated intact plant tissue as a DNA source for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to barley. This method saves up to two days and more than USD 50 per 40 samples by eliminating the need for DNA extraction to produce template for PCR. The conditions were optimized for various barley tissues. Fresh leaves, freeze-dried leaves, and anthers worked well as templates while root, embryo, and endosperm tissues did not. The method was shown to work with several genotypes and different primers. The resulting PCR product could be cut with restriction enzyme to produce clear polymorphism without any interference. This method can be a practical breeding tool by providing a fast, inexpensive method for screening large populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441433
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beet curly top virus DI DNA-mediated resistance is linked to its size (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: geminiviruses ; beet curly top virus ; DI DNA ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Beet curly top virus (BCTV) infection is associated with the de novo synthesis of a heterogeneous population of subgenomic viral DNAs. Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with a partial repeat of one such subgenomic DNA remained susceptible to infection but produced ameliorated symptoms when agroinoculated with BCTV. Symptom amelioration is associated with the mobilization of subgenomic DNA from the integrated copy. In an attempt to improve the resistance, N. benthamiana has been transformed with a partial repeat of a much smaller subgenomic DNA. However, transgenic plants showed almost no resistance although subgenomic DNA was mobilised from the host genome. To further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, we compared the ability of BCTV to replicate and accumulate in leaf discs derived from resistant and non-resistant transgenic plants. Both subgenomic DNAs were able to interfere with virus replication but only in case of resistant plants the DI DNA efficiently suppressed viral accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009623010404
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  • 19
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    Comparison of PCR-based molecular marker analyses of Musa breeding populations (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 5 (1999), S. 233-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Musa ; plantain ; RAPD ; VNTR ; AFLP ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Progress in the breeding of plantain and banana has been restricted by the complex genetic structure and behaviour of cultivated polyploid Musa. Genetic improvement has been hindered due to the large amount of space required for growth and maintenance of plant populations, in addition to the long growth cycle and the low levels of fertility and seed viability characteristic of cultivated genotypes. Molecular marker assisted breeding has the potential to dramatically enhance the pace and efficiency of genetic improvement in Musa. This study was conducted to compare different PCR-based marker systems (RAPD, VNTR and AFLP) for the analysis of breeding populations generated from two diverse Musa breeding schemes. All three assays detected a high level of polymorphism between parental genotypes and within progeny populations. As expected, AFLP assays had by far the highest multiplex ratio while VNTR analysis detected the highest levels of polymorphism. AFLP analysis of a full-sib tetraploid hybrid population confirmed previous reports based on VNTR analysis, of a high frequency of recombination during 2n (3x) gamete formation by a triploid plantain landrace. In addition, both VNTR and RAPD analyses of a full-sib triploid hybrid population suggested a high frequency of homoeologous recombination during n (2x) gamete formation by tetraploid hybrids. In general, there was a poor correlation between estimates of genetic similarity based on different types of marker. The implications of these findings for the molecular breeding of Musa crops are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009649521009
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    Evidence for loss of ontogenetic resistance of apple leaves againstVenturia inaequalis (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: apple scab ; environmental factors ; resistance ; Venturia inaequalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The susceptibility of apple leaves toVenturia inaequalis was investigated by assessing disease on individual leaves of seedlings and labelled shoots of orchard trees. Four sets (A-D) of potted seedlings of cv. ‘Golden Delicious’, which had been grown in a glasshouse, each with approximately 30 mature leaves, were exposed to a high-inoculum orchard. Sets A and B were exposed after each other for 47 and 42 days, respectively. As a result of the six and three infection periods during exposure, 94% and 81%, respectively of the seedling shoot tips in set A and set B became infected. However, due to ontogenetic resistance, disease incidence was low in both sets on leaves which were fully expanded at the beginning of exposure. Set C was exposed during both periods (89 days) in which sets A and B were exposed. Not only were all the seedling shoot tips in set C infected, but also — due to the loss of ontogenetic resistance — nearly all of the mature leaves. Ontogenetic resistance was also lost in set D, which was exposed for 57 days at the end of the growing season. The symptoms on fully expanded leaves on plants in sets C and D were typical and similar to those on young leaves. A time course symptom assessment was performed on leaves which had developed early in the season on labelled, field-grown shoots of cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ trees. A steady increase of disease incidence was detected, which could not only have resulted from infections followed by extended incubation periods. In addition to the increase of typical lesions on both leaf surfaces, there was also an abundance of diffuse mycelial development on the lower surfaces of the leaves of the field-grown trees.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877152
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    Components of maritime pine susceptibility to twisting rust – A path coefficient analysis (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 653-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: avoidance ; Melampsora pinitorqua ; path coefficient analysis ; Pinus pinaster ; resistance ; rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data collected in a three-year field experiment on infection and damage by Melampsora pinitorqua on maritime pines showing contrasting growth were analysed by means of path analysis. The severity of infection in 2 year-old pines could be mainly explained by the amount of susceptible tissues (elongating shoots). In contrast, two years later, ‘intrinsic susceptibility’, i.e. expressed after inoculation, was shown to have the most important direct effect on the amount of infection. Intrinsic susceptibility could be satisfactorily assessed by artificial inoculations on excised shoots under controlled conditions. Shoot potassium and phosphorous contents were shown to have marked positive effects on susceptibility. The hypothesis of an age effect on the relative importance of different resistance mechanisms, i.e. avoidance and active resistance, in maritime pine interaction with twisting rust is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640819188
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    Cacao resistance to Phytophthora: Effect of pathogen species, inoculation depths and pod maturity (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: black pod ; resistance ; Theobroma cacao
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two species of Phytophthora (P. palmivora and P. capsici) and inoculations at two depths (3 mm and 9 mm) were tested each on 10 clones of Theobroma cacao to determine their effects on pod resistance. Ripe and unripe pods were also assessed to determine the influence of physiological status of the pod on the expression of resistance. The two pathogens tested (P. palmivora and P. capsici) differed significantly in their reactions on pods, with P. palmivora being more aggressive than P. capsici. However, the lack of interaction between clones and pathogen species and the similarity in the ranking of clones based on lesion size suggested that selection for resistant clones can be based on one of the two pathogens, preferably the more aggressive one. Pod reactions differed between inoculation depths (3 mm and 9 mm), and between pod maturity stages (ripe and unripe pods) with relatively larger lesions being recorded at 9 mm depth and on unripe pods as compared to those observed at 3 mm depth and on unripe pods, respectively. The magnitude of increase in lesion sizes, however, varied with genotypes, indicating that inoculation depth and pod maturity stage should be standardized in screening cacao germplasm for resistance to Phytophthora.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008622115731
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    Occurrence in Italy and characteristics of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) resistant to phenylamide fungicides (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: lettuce ; lettuce downy mildew ; Bremia lactucae ; phenylamide fungicides ; virulence factors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Control of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) with phenylamide fungicides has failed in some intensive lettuce-producing areas in Northern Italy since Spring 1993. Before then, these chemicals and particularly metalaxyl, provided the best disease control. The sensitivity of Bremia lactucae isolates collected in such areas to metalaxyl was evaluated in the laboratory. These strains grew and sporulated profusely on lettuce seedlings treated with 100 and 200 ppm of metalaxyl, whereas sensitive control strains were completely inhibited when treated with fungicide concentrations ranging from 0.5–1 ppm. Thus in Italy occurrence of resistance to phenylamide fungicides in Bremia lactucae has also been demonstrated, as in almost all the countries where these chemicals were previously authorised. Subsequently, a demonstration of occurrence of resistance was made and the virulence pattern of several strains (resistant and sensitive to metalaxyl) was characterised using differential NL series containing the 13 DM resistant genes or R factors. The results suggest the occurrence of a new pathotype in Italy different from all the 16 NL Bremia lactucae races studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008696021621
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    Fine Structure of the Early Interaction of Lily Roots with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 431-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: basal rot ; cell wall degradation ; Lilium ; pathogenesis ; plasmolysis ; resistance ; transfer cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The early interaction of lily roots with the cortical rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii was studied using roots of lily bulblets grown in Hoagland's solution, inoculated with the pathogen, and sampled up to 48 h later. Conidia produced germ tubes within 6 h, which extended towards and into the mucilage covering the root elongation zone, and along and into the anticlinal grooves and middle lamellae of epidermal cells. By 24–48 h, infecting hyphae had reached the periclinal walls and intercellular spaces between the epidermis and the outermost cells of the cortex. Penetration of intercellularly growing hyphae directly across host cell walls was not observed; invasion of the cell lumen only occurred by gradual infringing of hyphae upon successive primary wall layers. Non-cellulosic wall appositions rich in vesicles and covered by a cellulosic protective-like layer were formed in response to approaching hyphae in resistant cv.Connecticut King, but rarely in susceptible cv. Esther which seemed more susceptible to plasmolysis and rot. Finger-like projections of the appositions into the host cell cytoplasm likely represent early stages of transfer cell formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008749514517
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    Accumulation of phytoalexins in leaves of plane tree (Platanus spp.) expressing susceptibility or resistance toCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 503-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ceratocystis fimbriata ; phytoalexins ; Platanus spp. ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inoculation of leaves of resistantPlatanus occidentalis and susceptiblePlatanus acerifolia leaves withCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani, the canker stain disease agent, induced foliar necrosis and biosynthesis of two phytoalexins, scopoletin and umbelliferone. Foliar symptoms keep localized and accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins was rapid for incompatible interactions. Necrosis spread widely and accumulation of these phenolic compounds was much later and lower for compatible interactions. The differential response could be used in a genetic improvement program for resistance against canker stain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874474
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    Differential interactions ofPhytophthora capsici isolates with pepper genotypes at various plant growth stages (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum ; C. frutescens ; resistance ; Phytaphthora capsici ; host-pathogen interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pepper cultivars from diverse geographic origins were evaluated for resistance to different isolates ofPhytophthora capsici under controlled environmental conditions. All accessions tested were susceptible at the four-leaf stage to the six isolates ofP. capsici. Inoculation at the eight-leaf stage resulted in significantly different interactions among the accessions andP. capsici isolates. The Korean and U.S. cultivars tested were highly susceptible to the isolates ofP. capsici at this stage. In contrast, PI 201234 and PI 201238 had a differential interaction with someP. capsici isolates. At the twelve-leaf stage, Phytophthora blight developed slowly in the Korean and U.S. cultivars that were highly susceptible at the eight-leaf stage. Furthermore, the accessions from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) became highly resistant toP. capsici at this stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01878125
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    Expression of resistance to the root-knot nematodes,Meloidogyne hapla andM. fallax, in wildSolanum spp. under field conditions (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 859-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: breeding ; genetic variation ; potato ; resistance management ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1995 two fields in the Netherlands, naturally infested withMeloidogyne hapla (Wageningen) andM. fallax (Baexem), were used to evaluate resistant and susceptibleSolanum genotypes under natural conditions. In April, genotypes were planted in circular microplots. Soil samples were taken and analyzed for the occurrence of second-stage juveniles every six weeks. From August onwards, large differences between resistant and susceptible genotypes in numbers of juveniles were found in the soil. For all resistant wildSolanum genotypes the level of infection in soil at the end of the growing season in October was equal to or lower than at the beginning. Glasshouse experiments were performed with the same genotypes and nematode populations (i.e. originally derived from these fields) and the results were comparable with the observations from the field. It is concluded that resistance, as selected in glasshouse trials, corresponds well with resistant behaviour in the field and that it is worthwhile to transfer the resistance from theseSolanum sources to commercial potato cultivars for successful control of root-knot nematodes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877056
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    Fungal polygalacturonase activity reflects susceptibility of carnation cultivars to fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: breeding ; Dianthus caryophullus ; Fusarium oxysporum ; pectic enzymes ; phytoalexins ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Carnation cultivars with different levels of partial resistance were inoculated with race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and monitored for accumulation of host phytoalexins, fungal escape from compartmentalization, production of fungal pectin-degrading enzymes and development of external disease symptoms. Accumulation of phytoalexins, assessed after 10 days in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was weakly (methoxydianthramide S) or not (hydroxydianthalexin B) correlated with resistance levels after 12 weeks. Fungal escape from compartmentalization, assessed after 3 weeks as percentages colonized plants at 8 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated with expression of susceptibility after 12 weeks. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity, assessed after 4 weeks in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated to final disease development. Linear increases in disease severity were accompanied by quadratic increases in PG activity. In contrast to water-treated plants, that lacked any PG activity, inoculated plants contained two main groups of fungal PGs, the dominant forms of which had estimated pI values of 7.0 and minimally 9.5, respectively. Compared to those of the first group, enzymes of the second group were produced only in trace amounts in liquid media containing pectin or polygalacturonate as sole source of carbon. On these media, the fungus also produced a pectin methyl esterase (PME) with an estimated pI of 9.3. Besides PMEs of host origin, inoculated plants of susceptible cultivars contained the fungal PME while no more than traces were found in resistant ones. Assessment of phytoalexin production by the host during defense responses cannot replace monitoring of external symptoms as a resistance test. Assessment of fungal growth, whether by reisolations above the compartmentalization area or by measurement of PG activity, provides a both rapid and reliable prediction of disease development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008616008804
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    Selection of virulence in Meloidogyne chitwoodi to resistance in the wild potato Solanum fendleri (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 645-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: breeding ; resistance management ; root-knot nematodes ; Rmc2 ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The possibilities of selecting virulence from a virtually avirulent root-knot nematode population towards resistance in wild potato have been investigated. Single egg masses of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, which had occasionally been produced on roots of resistant Solanum fendleri gave rise to eight lines after one generation on tomato. Five lines were able to circumvent completely the resistance of S. fendleri 93-114-12 resulting in a susceptible response similar to that of the control potato cv Nicola. Subsequently, a resistance test with other resistant genotypes of S. fendleri, S. bulbocastanum, S. stoloniferum and S. hougasii revealed that the virulent lines were also able to break through the resistance in most other species, but clear differences were noticed between the virulent lines. The results suggest a simple inheritance of virulence in M. chitwoodi towards resistance in S. fendleri. However, more virulence factors are involved to explain the differences on the other Solanum species between the virulent lines. The implications of the ease to select virulence with respect to the practical use of resistance in potato breeding and growing are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008625404330
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    Effects of Temperature on Infection in Capsicum sp. and Nicotiana benthamiana by Impatiens Necrotic Spot Tospovirus (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: tospovirus ; resistance ; Capsicum sp. ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Infection by two isolates of impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) under temperature regimes of 25/18°C (day/night) or 33°C (continuous) was studied in Capsicum annuum (systemically susceptible to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, TSWV), C. chinense PI 152225 and PI 159236 (reacting hypersensitively to TSWV) and Nicotiana benthamiana (systemically susceptible to both tospoviruses). At 25/18°C infection was systemic in all hosts tested. At 33°C infection in N. benthamiana was systemic whereas in C. annuum and C. chinense it was restricted to the inoculated leaves. The result differed from that reported for TSWV, where high temperature made plants more susceptible, or caused no difference. Exchanging temperature regimes 6 h to 4 days after inoculation did not affect the final results one month later, with plants being only locally infected at 33°C continuous regime, or systemically infected at 25/18°C alternate regime. The two INSV isolates were biologically and serologically stable for 5 passages in N. benthamiana held continuously at 33°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008742516820
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    A Laboratory Assay for Phytophthora infestans Resistance in Various Solanum Species Reflects the Field Situation (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Phytophthora infestans ; potato ; wild Solanum spp. ; resistance ; detached leaves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Physiological and molecular research on resistance responses of Solanum tuberosum cultivars and partially resistant Solanum species to Phytophthora infestans requires a reliable resistance test that can be used in the laboratory. Laboratory tests performed on detached leaves and intact plants were compared with field tests for similarity of late blight reactions. Detached leaves from field-grown plants were as resistant as detached leaves from climate chamber-grown plants when challenged with P. infestans. However, detached leaves incubated in covered trays at high relative humidity were more susceptible than detached leaves kept in open trays or leaves on intact plants. The incubation conditions of detached leaves in covered trays rather than detachment itself appeared to affect the resistance expression. Detached leaves of some wild Solanum genotypes became partially infected, whereas intact plants were completely resistant when inoculated. Inoculation of leaves on intact plants, however, resulted in lower infection efficiencies. These limitations should be taken into account when choosing the appropriate inoculation method for specific purposes. For resistance screening, laboratory tests proved to be a good alternative for field tests. The ranking of resistance levels for twenty plant genotypes was similar under laboratory and field conditions.
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    The effect of physiological age of potato tubers on female production of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida Pa 2/3) (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: resistance ; potato breeding ; roots canister test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen cultivars generally regarded as uniformly susceptible toGlobodera pallida Pa 2/3 were assessed in plastic closed containers for degree of susceptibility and also for root and sprouting characteristics. The material was assessed by scoring degree of sprouting before planting and number of cysts and root growth at the end of experiment at intervals from the time of initial dormancy break through to prolific sprouting. Using covariate analyses, it was found that the degree of root development, particularly in the earlier assessments, significantly influenced the degree of cyst development and so the perceived levels of susceptibility/resistance. Having taken account of root growth characters, significant differences between the cultivars with regard to nematode multiplication were still evident. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to potato breeding and nematological studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01876093
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    The efficiency of copper use by 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation lines and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 180 (1996), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: breeding ; chromosome ; copper ; copper-efficiency ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat-rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the Cu-efficiency of 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation lines and nine wheat genotypes grown in a Cu-deficient orthic dark grey chernozemic soil. The soil used was characterized by pH 5.4 and 0.48 μg Cu g−1 soil (DTPA), and was obtained from a known Cu-deficient site at Stony Plain, Central Alberta. Twelve genotypes (three 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation lines and nine wheat cultivars) and two Cu treatments (soil amended with 145 μg Cu kg−1 soil, and non-amended) were used. The efficiency for Cu use was evaluated for grain yield and yield components. 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation lines individually and as a group showed significantly (p〈0.05) higher grain yield both in +Cu and −Cu treatments compared to wheat genotypes without the wheat-rye chromosome translocation. 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation lines demonstrated Cu-efficiency ranging from 70–127% for grain yield. Only two wheat cultivars (Kenya Leopard and Columbus) showed comparable efficiency (70 and 76% respectively). Wheat cultivars Kwale, Kenya Tausi, Roblin, Katepwa, Park, Oslo and Biggar showed low Cu-efficiency (10–36%). The study confirms that the 5A/5RL wheat-rye translocation confers useful levels of Cu-efficiency to wheat, that can be used as an additional source of variability in breeding programs. ei]L V Kochian
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    Bunts and smuts of wheat in North Africa and the Near East (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: incidence ; Karnal bunt ; occurrence ; resistance ; variability ; wild relatives ; progenitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bunts [common bunt (Tilletia laevis and T. tritici) and dwarf bunt (T. controversa)] and smuts [loose smut (Ustilago tritici) and flag smut (Urocystis agropyri)] of wheat are important cereal diseases in most countries of north Africa and the Near East. There are no peculiarities in the occurrence of bunts and smuts, except for dwarf bunt, which is limited to high-altitude areas of Turkey, Iran and Iraq. Host adaptation, rather than topography, determines the distribution of the common bunt pathogens: T. laevis predominates in bread wheat, whereas T. tritici attacks both bread and durum wheat non-preferentially. Incidence of bunt- and smut-affected wheat heads is generally low, however the frequency of their occurrence in fields is high, indicating their potential threat. Some bunts and smuts occur on hosts other than wheat, for example, flag smut on Aegilops crassa, loose smut on Ae. geniculata and rye, and dwarf bunt on Hordeum and Aegilops spp. Genetic variability of the pathogens causing common bunt and loose smut was investigated. Chemical seed treatment is the most widely used control for bunts and smuts. Organic nutrients as seed treatments to control common bunt of wheat show considerable promise. Sources of resistance to loose smut, and common and dwarf bunts of wheat, are available in wheat and its wild relatives. Triticum boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, and Aegilops species represent excellent sources of resistance to common bunt. There are three major sources of resistance in durum wheats, Senatore Cappelli and Haurani, Jenneh Khetifa, and Mindum. Common bunt resistance genes Bt5, Bt6, Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11, and several undescribed resistances remain effective in the screening field at ICARDA, Syria.
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    The expression of resistance of subterranean clover cultivars to races of Phytophthora clandestina (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 71-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phytophthora clandestina ; resistance ; root rot disease ; subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Infection and sporulation of races of Phytophthora clandestina in susceptible and resistant cultivars of subterranean clover and the effect of the races on growth of the cultivars in pots were studied using a total of five races of the pathogen and eight host cultivars. The pathogen caused severe disease where races and cultivars were compatible, although a significant reduction in root and shoot dry weight occurred only on Woogenellup inoculated with race 2. There was little increase in disease severity after 1 wk from the time of inoculation. Sporangia and oospores were formed at high frequency in tap and lateral roots in all compatible combinations, except in Woogenellup in which sporangia were produced inconsistently. The pathogen caused negligible disease and produced very few sporangia in incompatible combinations. Plant age had a strong effect on disease development. Disease severity caused by virulent races on cultivars Gosse, Trikkala, Meteora and Woogenellup was less on older than on younger plants. A further experiment using aggressive isolates of races 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 revealed that cultivar Gosse showed no reduction in root and shoot weight, despite it being susceptible to races 1, 3 and 4. This provided evidence of the existence of race-non-specific or horizontal resistance to P. clandestina in cultivar Gosse.
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    In vitro tolerance and resistance to burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, in Anthurium species (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 103 (1998), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Anthurium ; Radopholus similis ; resistance ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five Anthurium species closely related to two of the cultivated ornamentals, A. andraeanum Lind. ex André and A. scherzerianum Schott, and one species of breeding interest, were screened in vitro for tolerance and resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis Cobb, 1893. Adjustment of the tolerance measurement to the initial and uninoculated treatment measurement improved the screening method. Use of a nematode strain with a relatively slow reproduction rate enabled concurrent screening for tolerance and resistance to R. similis in Anthurium. Based on a lower relative symptom index, A. pittieri Engl., A. ravenii Croat and Baker, A. antioquiense Engl. and A. aripoense N. E. Br. reduce nematode damage as compared to the reference standard, ‘Midori’. However, A. antioquiense and A. aripoense had higher root damage than ‘Midori’. Lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii is positively correlated with greater plant vigor or to fewer target roots for nematode infection. A. ravenii was among the most resistant species as measured by nematode reproduction. This is followed by A. aripoense and A. pittieri. Thus, strong plant vigor, fewer target roots for nematode infection, and/or lower nematode reproduction (higher nematode resistance) resulted in lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii. Combining the nematode damage and nematode reproduction results, A. pittieri and A. ravenii were identified as more tolerant than the reference standard ‘Midori’.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018384019938
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    Identifying superior parents in a potato breeding program using cross prediction techniques (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 104 (1998), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: potatoes ; Solanum tuberosum ; parent selection ; cross prediction ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cross prediction techniques were applied to data collected from over 600 hybrid combinations of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and analyzed to determine the potential of using early generation cross prediction techniques to identify superior parental clones. Performance of parental lines based on parameters collected in early generations were compared with the observed frequencies of desirable recombinants with a common parent in the latter stages of a breeding program. Results showed that value of parents, in their ability to produce desirable recombinants in breeding programs, can be predicted using univariate cross prediction techniques. This type of information can be available from early generation progeny trials and could easily be incorporated into a practical potato breeding scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018392430172
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    Biochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic technologies for characterizing 1RS in wheat: A review (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 108 (1999), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chromatin ; breeding ; gel electrophoresis ; in situ hybridization ; rye ; rye-specific probes ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome arm 1RS of rye ( Secale cereale L.), when transferred to wheat ( Triticum sp.), significantly influences variety performance, because it carries genes for resistance to disease and insect pathogens. Inserted into wheat, 1RS also promotes haploid production, affects end-product quality, and sometimes affects yield. Therefore, its detection by breeders and geneticists is important. The entire 1RS arm is present in chromosome substitutions and in Robertsonian translocations involving chromosomes 1A, 1B, or 1D of wheat. In recombinant lines, a segment of 1RS has been exchanged with a segment of a group-1 wheat chromosome. Determining the wheat chromosome arm involved in a translocation, the source of rye chromatin, and the amount of 1RS chromatin introduced is necessary for a complete characterization of the introgressed segment. Biochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic technologies are described which enable such a characterization of 1RS in wheat. Examples of using gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, monoclonal antibodies, rye-specific molecular probes, RFLP and PCR assays, chromosome banding, in situ hybridization, and flow cytometry are provided. A comparison of these technologies is made and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are discussed relative to modern wheat breeding efforts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003638131743
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    Quantitative inheritance of the progoitrin and sinigrin content in Brussels sprouts (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 108 (1999), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brussels sprouts ; breeding ; inheritance ; sinigrin ; progoitrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The quantitative inheritance of the sinigrin and progoitrin content of Brussels sprouts was studied at three production locations in the Netherlands. The content of sinigrin and progoitrin of 30 F1-hybrids varied between the production locations, though their ranking with respect to the content of sinigrin and progoitrin was relatively stable. Using variance analysis the broad sense heritability (i.e. the genetic contribution to total variance) was found to be 0.79 and 0.77 for sinigrin and progoitrin respectively, an indication of a high genetic component in the content of both glucosinolates in F1-hybrids. The content of sinigrin and progoitrin inherits as a proportion of the average content of the corresponding parental lines. For sinigrin and progoitrin narrow sense heritability values of respectively 0.72 and 1.09 were calculated using 150 F1-hybrids and their corresponding parental lines. The high narrow sense heritability values obtained confirm that breeding for a low content of both glucosinolates in Brussels sprouts is possible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003600227319
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    Search for molecular markers linked to Liriomyza trifolii resistance in tomato (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 109 (1999), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: BSA ; Liriomyza trifolii ; Lycopersicon ; molecular markers ; resistance ; leaf miner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to many arthropods, including Liriomyza species, is known to be present in accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum (f. typicum or f. glabratum). From the cross L. esculentum cv. Moneymaker and L. hirsutum f. glabratum G1561 100 F2 plants were screened in a no-choice test for resistance to Liriomyza trifolii. The Bulked Segregant Analysis approach was used to find Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers linked to resistance. Two markers were located on chromosome 2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms constructed a more detailed genetic linkage map for part of chromosome 2. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that this chromosome harbored a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for number of pupae, number of mines and damage. At least one major QTL is essential for resistance and this QTL is located on chromosome 2 nearby the location of the tomato probe TG451.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003728302493
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    Carbamate-induced flowering in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings: optimization of treatment and cultivar variation in flowering response and pollen germination (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 110 (1999), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Asparagus officinalis L. ; breeding ; carbamatetreatment ; flower induction ; homogenic cultivar ; pollen germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Optimal carbamate treatment conditions were studied for flower induction in seedlings of an asparagus cultivar ‘Mary Washington 500 W’. Flower induction was most accelerated by soaking seeds in 50 mg l−1 carbamate solution for 12 days at 25 °C under the fluorescent light. Longer exposure to carbamate over a 12 day period induced a higher percentage of seedlings to flower. A higher percentage of flowering seedlings were male. Flower induction frequency among seven cultivars through carbamate treatment widely ranged from 13 to 67%. ‘Geynlim’, ‘Mary Washington 500 W’ and ‘Welcome’ exhibited a high percentage of flowering seedlings, while ‘Larac’ and ‘Vulkan’ showed low values. Only male flowers were induced in all-male cultivars. Variation in pollen germination was found within all cultivars. ‘Geynlim’, ‘Cito’ and ‘Mary Washington 500 W’ showed high values of average pollen germination. Application of carbamate compound to induce flower production can rapidly produce homogenic cultivars which include both sexes. This is necessary for genetic studies and breeding purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003720806960
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  • 42
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    Introgression of resistance to Columbia and Northern root-knot nematodes fromSolanum bulbocastanum into cultivated potato (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; interspecific hybridization ; Solanum bulbocastanum ; Meloidogyne species ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; nematode resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance toMeliodogyne chitwoodi races 1 (MC1) and 2 (MC2) andM. hapla (MH) derived fromSolanum bulbocastanum was introduced into the cultivated potato gene pool through somatic fusion. The initial F1 hybrids showed resistance to the three nematodes. Resistance to reproduction on roots by MC1 was accompanied by resistance to tuber damage in F1 clones. Tuber damage sometimes occurred, however, in hybrids of BC1 progeny resistant to reproduction on roots when MC2 and MH were the challenging nematodes. Resistance to reproduction was transferred into BC1 individuals, but a greater proportion of BC1 progeny was resistant to MC1 than to MC2 or MH. Resistance to MC1 appears to be dominant and discretely inherited. F1 and BC1 progeny were pollen sterile, but seed were produced from crosses using cultivated tetraploid pollen sources. Approximately 11 and 33 per cent of pollinations produced berries on F1 and BC1 pistillate parents, respectively. Seed yield increased fourfold overall in crosses with F1 compared to BC1 individuals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677863
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    Effect of ploidy on stomatal and other quantitative traits in plantain and banana hybrids (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; diversity ; genetics ; Musa ; ploidy determination ; plantain ; banana ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ploidy polymorphism occurs in the hybrid offspring derived from interspecific crosses between triploid plantains (Musa spp. AAB group) and diploid bananas (M. acuminata). Therefore,Musa breeders are interested in the determination of ploidy and its effects on phenotypic expression of quantitative traits. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of stomatal and other phenotypic traits to determine ploidy in segregating plantainbanana hybrid families. Stomatal density and size were significantly correlated (P〈0.01) with ploidy, although the correlation coefficients were not high (r=−0.49 and r=0.47, for stomatal density and size, respectively). High density of small stomata was correlated with low ploidy level, and vice versa. However, stomatal size and density were also influenced by a significant genotype effect (P〈0.001) within the same ploidy level. Ploidy had an important effect on fruit traits and plant height in the hybrids of ‘Obino l'Ewai’בCalcutta 4’, but this was not so clear in ‘Bobby Tannap’בCalcutta 4’ hybrids. ‘Obino l'Ewai’ derived tetraploids have medium to tall plants with large bunches and big fruits. Most of the tetraploids derived from ‘Bobby Tannap’ have short stature due to the gene action of the dwarf,dw, allele. Also, a few selected diploids derived from ‘Bobby Tannap’ outyielded their non-selected tetraploid full-sibs. In conclusion, chromosoem counting remains the only accurate proof of ploidy levels inMusa germplasm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678038
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    A reproductive calendar of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Gelria (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 86 (1995), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: anther ; ovule ; pollen tube growth ; receptivity ; style ; breeding ; Lilium longiflorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The development and timing of different processes in the floral biology and sexual reproduction of Lilium longiflorum were studied and brought together into a chronological reproductive calendar. Care must be taken when emasculating flowers later than 4 days before anthesis (DBA), because the stomium of the anther was open from 8 DBA and the pollen grains appear to be mature from 3–2 DBA. The receptivity period of the pistil lasts for a rather long period, but before wilting of an unpollinated flower as determined by a change of the colour of the perianth from white into brown, the flower had already lost its receptivity. Because L. longiflorum pollen grains can easily be stored, the pistil receptivity should thus determine the pollination schedule. The relationships between pollen tubes and pistil are discussed with respect to plant breeding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035935
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    Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: wheat ; tritordeum ; Hordeum chilense ; Fusarium culmorum ; Septoria nodorum ; scab ; deoxynivalenol ; ergosterol ; resistance ; Triticum spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023887
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    Strategies for conservation of genetic resources in relation with their utilization (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 1-12 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: genetic resources ; conservation ; utilization ; in situ ; ex situ ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The general interest for genetic resources is based on the opportunities offered by their utilization. Genetic resources are a necessary starting point for plant improvement. Up to now, reflection on the management of genetic resources considered a three-step linear model: conservation → evaluation → utilization. In this system, it is expected that genetic resources are kept in a gene bank, in the best possible way, i.e. using methods maintaining over time the initial genetic state of the accessions and conferring them the longest life possible. In this system, important characteristics of conservation of genetic resources are stability and availability. We present a choice of methods of conservation directed to the maintenance of genetic stability of accessions. We also present methods of conservation in relation with the availability of the genetic material for the various utilizations by the plant breeder. Complementary methods are now proposed for the conservation of genetic resources. These methods correspond to a modified version of the linear model, with interactions between conservation, evaluation and utilization. These new methods place less emphasis on the conservation of genetically well defined accessions but promote genetic mechanisms allowing evolution of these accessions. This evolutionary conservation is obtained by management of experimental populations, or by on-farm management of landraces, relying on knowledge and activity of farmers, and on local breeding. For the wild relatives of crops, an in situ management is to be considered. Using some examples, we discuss the constraints of these new modes of genetic resources conservation and utilization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002922220521
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    Recurrent selection of tropical tree crops (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: tropical tree crops ; breeding ; recurrent selection ; reciprocal recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The recurrent selection schemes recommended by CIRAD for 6 tropical tree crops are presented and compared. Breeding programmes are carried out under cooperation between CIRAD and its partners in regions where the crops are grown. The crops are cacao, coffee, rubber tree, oil palm, coconut and eucalyptus. After a short look at the background, the reasons behind the options chosen are given and the main characteristics of the schemes are described and illustrated. The state of progress and some major results are discussed. Over and above the differences linked to plant biology, the genetic diversity available and the type of varietal output, common characteristics are emphasized. The time taken for each generation means simplifying the intercrossing phases between successive breeding cycles, and thus, the parents tested are heterozygous: whenever possible, a clonal varietal output is an additional source of progress. The use of biotechnologies to study diversity is a valuable asset, and their application for early selection (QTL) is also promising. The preponderance of combining ability coexists with marked heterosis, which poses the problem of the latter's origin. As a result, all of the schemes described, but one, are reciprocal recurrent selection schemes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002908918879
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    Screening of Kabuli chickpea germplasm for resistance to Fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri ; wilt ; screening ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1915 Kabuli chickpea lines were screened in a wilt sick plot containing Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri race 0 at Béja, Tunisia. Complete resistance was found in 110 lines and this result was confirmed by a laboratory screening method. Principal components analysis showed that 〉 80% of the variation of the resistant lines was explained by hundred seed weight and days to maturity. Cluster analysis divided the resistant lines into four groups: 21 had high seed weight (48.25 ± 3.81 g) and early maturity (95.09 ± 2.50 d), 24 had high seed weight (46.84 ± 2.10 g) and late maturity (117.00 d), 34 had low seed weight (22.35 ± 4.72 g) and early maturity (92.97 ± 3.97 d) and 31 had low seed weight (19.62 ± 5.37 g) and late maturity (112.09 ± 4.51 d).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003051100683
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    Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium head blight in indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron (Elymus) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Elymus ; Fusarium head blight ; scab ; resistance ; genetic resources ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four species of indigenous Japanese Agropyron, namely, Elymus humidus Osada (= Agropyron humidum), E. tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (= A. tsukushiense), E. racemifer Tsvel. (= A. ciliare) and A. mayebaranum var. intermedium Hatusima were collected and evaluated for their resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) after inoculation with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe at the flowering stage. The resistance to penetration of FHB and to fungal invasion of rachis internodes was evaluated in each accession in a comparison with six wheat cultivars. The results demonstrated that AG.91-35 of E. humidus and AG.91-24 of E. racemifer had higher resistance to penetration than the resistant wheat cultivars Nobeokabouzu-komugi and Sumai 3, respectively. All accessions of indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron examined, with the exception A. mayebaranum, had a statisticallysimilar resistance to invasion, which was the same as that of Nobeokabouzu-komugi or Sumai 3. In all accessions of E. humidus, with only one exception, no spread of the fungus from the infected spikelets to the rachis internodes was detected at all. The possible application of the strains of Agropyron as genetic resources for development of resistance to FHB in wheat is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003078109694
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    Inheritance of resistance to two isolates of sterility mosaic pathogen in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cajanus Cajan ; inheritance ; isolates ; pigeonpea ; resistance ; sterility mosaic ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to two isolates of the sterility mosaic pathogen, in three crosses of pigeonpea, involving resistant (ICP 7035, ICP 7349 and ICP 8850) and susceptible (ICP 8863) lines. Observations of F1 and F2 plants were explained on the basis of two independent non-allelic recessive genes for the less virulent, old Patancheru isolate (isolate 1). The backcrosses corroborated the segregation pattern observed in the F2 generation. For the more virulent, new Patancheru isolate (isolate 2), differential behavior of the F1’s was observed. Resistance was dominant in two crosses (ICP 7035 X ICP 8863 and ICP 7349 X ICP 8863), and susceptibility in the other cross (ICP 8850 X ICP 8863). The disease reaction for isolate 2, appeared to be governed by a single gene with three alleles, with one resistance allele exhibiting dominance and the other being recessive, over the allele for susceptibility. Monogenic inheritance of resistance to both isolates was noticed in the cross ICP 8850 X ICP 8863.
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    Yield and quality evaluations on a pair of processing tomato lines nearly isogenic for the Tm2a gene for resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 99 (1998), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; heterosis ; overdominance ; linkage drag ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pair of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines, nearly isogenic for the Tm-2a gene for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, were grown in replicated trials under commercial production conditions in five locations worldwide. The lines were evaluated for 17 processing traits including fruit yield, size, soluble solids concentration, color, firmness, and viscosity. Eight of those traits differed significantly among the nearly-isogenic lines (NILs). Most notably, the NIL heterozygous for Tm-2a yielded, on average, 16% more than the NIL homozygous for the susceptible allele and 33% more than the NIL homozygous for Tm-2a. Viscosity was lower in the heterozygous NIL and the homozygous and heterozygous resistant NILs had softer fruit with larger stem scars compared to the homozygous susceptible NIL. These results indicate the presence of the Tm-2a locus affects many traits of importance for processing tomatoes and may be used, in the heterozygous state, to significantly increase yield. Whether the observed effects are due to the Tm-2a gene itself or genes associated via linkage drag could not be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018320232663
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    Screening RAPD primers for molecular taxonomy and cultivar fingerprinting in the genus Actinidia (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Actinidia ; breeding ; DNA fingerprinting ; molecular systematics ; polymerase chain reaction ; random amplified polymorphic DNA ; kiwifruit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eighty ten-base long arbitrary primers were tested for PCR-based DNA amplification of three species of the genus Actinidia (A. deliciosa the kiwifruit, A. chinensis, and A. kolomikta), with the aim of screening species-specific and genotype-specific markers. Of the 80 primers tested, 30 gave an average of 3.5 bands which were monomorphic within one or two species and absent in the remaining one(s), thus resulting in useful markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. None of the primers tested produced bands linked to sex. Twenty primers out of the twenty-five selected from a preliminary screening showed high levels of polymorphism, producing two to eleven patterns each from the 13 kiwifruit cultivars examined. We found the Stoffel fragment and the Taq polymerase were both suitable for RAPD analysis, the most noticeable difference being the smaller size of fragments (0.4–1.2 kb) produced by the former in comparison to the latter (1.0–3.4 kb). We tested also three different annealing temperatures (35, 37, and 39° C) and found the intermediate one best for number of amplified bands and reproducibility of results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023855
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    Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 59-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat-alien translocation ; resistance ; C-banding ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wild relatives of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, and related species are an important source of disease and pest resistance and several useful traits have been transferred from these species to wheat. C-banding and in situ hybridization analyses are powerful cytological techniques allowing the detection of alien chromatin in wheat. C-banding permits identification of the wheat and alien chromosomes involved in wheat-alien translocations, whereas genomic in situ hybridization analysis allows determination of their size and breakpoint positions. The present review summarizes the available data on wheat-alien transfers conferring resistance to diseases and pests. Ten of the 57 spontaneous and induced wheat-alien translocations were identified as whole arm translocations with the breakpoints within the centromeric regions. The majority of transfers (45) were identified as terminal translocations with distal alien segments translocated to wheat chromosome arms. Only two intercalary wheat-alien transloctions were identified, one induced by radiation treatment with a small segment of rye chromosome 6RL (H25) inserted into the long arm of wheat chromosome 4A, and the other probably induced by homoeologous recombination with a segment derived from the long arm of a group 7 Agropyron elongatum chromosome with Lr19 inserted into the long arm of 7D. The presented information should be useful for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing superior germplasm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035277
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    Inheritance of resistance to Striga gesnerioides biotypes from Mali and Niger in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: biotype ; control method ; cowpea ; inheritance ; resistance ; Striga gesnerioides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and laboratory experiments were performed in order to elucidate the genetics of resistance of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) resistant sources to two biotypes of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke (witchweed). B301, Suvita-2 and IT82D-849 were crossed to susceptible cultivars. Roots of each plant of parental, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations were washed free of soil and examined closely for S. gesnerioides attachment. Data on resistant and susceptible cowpea plants were analyzed using the chi-square test to ascertain the goodness of fit to different genetic ratios. Segregation patterns indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to both S. gesnerioides biotypes in B301. Suvita-2, which is susceptible to the biotype from Maradi, Niger, showed segregation patterns that indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana, Mali. Results also indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana in IT82D-849. However, the inheritance of resistance to the biotype from Maradi would be monogenic and recessive in this line. These results suggest that the resistance of all three sources would be easy to transfer to promising breeding lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002927705470
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    Resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus, determined by three dosage dependent genes in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cowpea severe mosaic virus ; genetics ; selection ; screening ; resistance ; tolerance ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of four resistant × susceptible crosses and three resistant × resistant crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) were screened for resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), in an insect protected screen house. The segregation ratio, at maturity, showed a 63 susceptible : 1 resistant ratio in the F2 generation indicating that resistance is governed by three major genes. The backcross tests and the F3 test confirmed this. The intermediate levels of symptoms observed in the F1 generation and the progression of symptom expression in the F2 generation suggested that resistance is gene dosage dependent. The genetic basis of immunity, tolerance, high level of resistance is discussed based on the three gene model. Delayed symptom expression was evident in genotypes with one or two susceptible alleles. The implications of delayed expression of symptoms in selection and breeding for resistance to CPSMV are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002988003402
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    Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. I. Two mode pattern analysis of yield (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 01-09 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: water stress ; breeding ; adaptation ; G × E ; clustering ; ordination ; Zea mays ; corn ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ten trials evaluated the performance of several late tropical maize populations (La Posta Sequía, Pool 26 Sequía and Tuxpeño Sequía) selected for tolerance to drought during flowering and grain filling and also for yield potential. Families (S1 or full-sib) had been selected recurrently for six to eight years on an index of traits. Pattern (clustering and ordination) analysis was used to analyse the relative performance of entries that included cycles of selection for drought tolerance in the populations and non-drought tolerant checks. Mean environment (E) yields ranged from 1.0 to 10.4 t ha-1. Analysis of variance showed that 97.9% of the total sums of squares was accounted for by E, and that, of the remaining sums of squares the G × E (genotype by environment interaction) was almost 3 times that of the contribution of G alone. Cluster analysis separated the checks, the earlier maturing drought tolerant entries and the later maturing drought tolerant entries. This was verified by principal component (PC) analysis of the G × E matrix. Grouping of the environments (i.e. based on entry performance), resulted in the separation of different types of droughts, and of medium and high yielding well-watered environments. The patterns of discrimination observed indicated that the yield gains under drought would have been unlikely to occur if selection had been done only in well-watered environments. Within each population, selection improved broad adaptation (higher mean yield) to both drought and well-watered environments and cycles of selection ‘jumped’ from non-drought-tolerant to drought-tolerant groups as their specific adaptation to drought environments increased.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002918008679
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    A male-fertile Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides hybrid enables direct backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; Botrytis cinerea ; gray mold ; introgression ; isozymes ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. is a wild nightshade native to Chile and Peru that possesses many traits of potential interest to tomato breeders, including environmental stress tolerance, resistances to disease and insect pests, and certain fruit quality characteristics. Sexual and somatic hybrids with the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are readily obtained, yet have a strong tendency towards male-sterility combined with unilateral incompatibility, barriers that have deterred breeding efforts in the past. We report herein the synthesis of a partially male-fertile F1 hybrid by sexual crosses between tomato and a recently collected population of S. lycopersicoides. Over 280 BC1 plants were obtained by directed backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level, of which 58 were sufficiently fertile to permit selfing or additional backcrosses. The transmission of S. lycopersicoides genetic markers into a uniform L. esculentum background was confirmed with 24 isozyme or morphological loci on 11 of the 12 alien chromosomes. Potentially useful tolerance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was demonstrated by inoculation of stem cuttings with mycelial plugs: at 6 days post-inoculation, the intergeneric hybrid showed little evidence of disease progression and the length of stem lesions averaged only one third that of susceptible controls.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002958030799
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    Enhancing crop legume N2 fixation through selection and breeding (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 174 (1995), S. 51-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: breeding ; crop legume ; heritability ; nitrate tolerance ; nodulation ; N2 fixation ; rhizobia ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Legume N2 fixation is variable, but nonetheless is a valuable process in world agriculture. There is great potential to increase the contribution by the crop legumes to the world's supply of soil.N. This will be achieved by (i) increasing the area of legumes sown by farmers; (ii) improved management of the crops in order that the major determinants of productivity, e.g. land area, water availability, are converted to harvested product with maximum efficiency; and (iii) genetic modification of the commonly-grown species to ensure high dependence of the legume crop on N2 fixation at all levels of productivity. Currently-used methods for measuring N2 fixation and for assessing heritability and repeatability of N2 fixation in breeding and selection programs are reviewed. Results from research programs to define genetic variation in N2 fixation and to enhance N2 fixation through selection and breeding are presented with particular emphasis on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032241
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    Induction of callose formation is a sensitive marker for genotypic aluminium sensitivity in maize (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 192 (1997), S. 23-30 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; callose ; protoplasts ; resistance ; toxicity ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The screening of 37 Zea mays L. cultivars in nutrient solution using root elongation (24 h) as a parameter showed large genotypic differences in Al resistance among the genetic material evaluated. Callose concentrations in root tips were closely and positively related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation. Therefore, Al-induced callose formation in root tips appears to be an excellent indicator of Al injury and can be used as a selection criteria for Al sensitivity. In contrast, aluminium concentrations in root tips were not related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation, nor to Al-induced callose formation. Callose formation was also induced by short-term A1 treatment in root tip protoplasts, and the response of protoplasts clearly reflected the cultivar-specific response to Al of intact roots. This indicates that in maize, Al sensitivity is expressed on the protoplast level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004204120863
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    Effects of aluminium treatment on Norway spruce roots: Aluminium binding forms, element distribution, and release of organic substances (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 216 (1999), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; binding forms ; element compartmentation ; Picea abies ; resistance ; root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate if Al resistance in Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) can be attributed to similar exclusion mechanisms as they occur in several crop plants, three-year-old Norway spruce plants were treated for one week in hydroculture with either 500 μM AlCl3 or CaCl2 solutions at pH 4. Sequential root extraction with 1 M NH4Cl and 0.01 M HCl and EDX microanalysis revealed that Al and Ca in cell walls and on the surface participated in exchange processes. About half of the Al extracted by the sequential extraction was not exchangeable by 1 M NH4Cl. Phenolics and phosphate present in the root extracts are possible ligands for Al adsorbed to or precipitated at the root in a non-exchangeable form. In both treatments, C release during the first period of 2 d was much higher than during the remaining time of the experiment. Al treated plants released less total C, carbohydrates and phenolics than did Ca treated plants. Acetate was the only organic acid anion that could be detected in some samples of both treatments. Free amino acids were present at micromolar concentrations but as hydrolysis did not increase their yield, there was no evidence of peptide release. One to two thirds of the released C were large enough not to pass a 1 kDa ultrafilter. The results suggest that exudation of soluble organic complexors is not a major Al tolerance mechanism in Norway spruce, although complexation of Al by phenolic substances released by the root could be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. Aluminium tolerance could rather be attributed to immobilization in the root apoplast, where strong binding sites are available or precipitation may occur.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004728122261
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    Comparison of two crossing and four selection schemes for yield, yield traits, and slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; breeding ; resistance ; yield ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The most important breeding objectives in crop improvement are improving grain yield, grain quality, and resistances to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The objectives of our study were to compare two crossing and four selection schemes for grain yield, yield traits, and slow rusting resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) based on additive genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), and to identify the most efficient crossing and selection methodologies in terms of genetic gains and cost efficiency. Segregating populations were derived from 18 simple crosses and the same number of top (three-way) crosses. Half of the crosses were derived from Yecora 70 and the other half from Veery #10 as the common leaf rust susceptible parents. The four selection schemes were: pedigree, modified bulk (F2 and F1-top as pedigree, selected lines in F3, F4, F2-top, F3-top as bulk; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations), selected bulk (selected plants in F2, F3, F4, F1-top, F2-top and F3-top as bulk; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations), and nonselected bulk (bulk in F2, F3, F4, F1-top, F2-top and F3-top; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations). A total of 320 progeny lines, parents and checks were tested for grain yield, other agronomic traits and leaf rust resistance during the 1992/93 and 1993/94 seasons in Ciudad Obregon (Sonora State, Mexico) which represents a typical high yielding irrigated site. The influence of the type of cross and the selection scheme on the mean grain yield and other traits of the progenies was minimal. The selection of parents was the most important feature in imparting yield potential and other favourable agronomic traits. Moreover, the highest yielding lines were distributed equally. Progeny lines derived from Veery #10 crosses had significantly higher mean grain yield compared to those derived from the Yecora 70 crosses. Furthermore, a large proportion of the highest yielding lines also originated from Veery #10 crosses. Mean leaf rust severity of the top cross progenies was lower than that of the simple cross progenies possibly because two parents contributed resistance to top cross progenies. Mean leaf rust severity of the nonselected bulk derivatives was twice that of lines derived from the other three schemes. Selected bulk appears to be the most attractive selection scheme in terms of genetic gains and cost efficiency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018391519757
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    Wheat breeding for end-product use (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: wheat quality ; breeding ; end-product use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract High grain yield is the primary objective of most wheat breeding programs around the world. In some countries, for example Australia and Canada, a new wheat cultivar must meet a prescribed level of quality before it can be registered for commercial production. For most traditional uses, wheat quality derives mainly from two interrelated characteristics: grain hardness and protein content. Grain hardness is a heritable trait but it can be strongly affected by abnormal weather conditions such as excessive rainfall during the harvest period. Protein content is weakly heritable and strongly dependent on environmental factors such as available soil nitrogen and moisture during the growing season. In addition, each end-use requires a specific 'quality' in the protein. Quality is determined by the molecular structure of the major proteins of flour which, in turn, controls the interactions of the proteins during the breadmaking process. Durum wheats have the hardest grain texture and are usually high in protein content. They are especially suited to the production of pasta because of their highly vitreous grain (high milling yield of semolina), unique combination of storage proteins for good cooking quality of pasta, and high yellow pigment content required for attractive appearance of cooked product. All three characteristics are highly heritable and can be readily improved by conventional breeding. Recent research has shown that the presence of γ-gliadin 45 is a reliable marker of good cooking quality. This marker is now used for screening early generation material in many durum wheat breeding programs. Common (hexaploid) wheats cover a wide range of grain hardness and protein content. The hardest wheats of this class, generally highest in protein, are used for pan bread. Considerable progress has been achieved in research of the molecular properties of flour proteins that are required for highest bread quality. The key protein component in this regard is glutenin. Segregating breeding populations can be screened by electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography for the presence of desirable glutenin subunits. Common wheats of medium hardness and lower protein content are used for other types of bread and noodles. Wheats with softest texture and lowest protein are used for cakes and cookies. In some end-uses, e.g., Chinese-type noodles, starch quality is important together with protein quality; this feature should be taken into consideration in developing a screening strategy for wheats for this application. Screening tests that reflect end-use requirements for most of the known products are available, and should be applied in testing wheats according to intended use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018368316547
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    Impact of plant genetic resources on wheat breeding (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; diversity ; donor ; genetics ; Rht-gene ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This article describes the impact of plant genetic resources on wheat breeding. It defines the important contribution of N.I. Vavilov Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) to broadening the genetic diversity of new wheat cultivars. Special attention is given to conducting a comprehensive evaluation of intraspecific variability for valuable characters, including: 1) formation of special subcollections, consisting of accessions with useful characters and accessions representing intraspecies diversity for a given character; 2) revealing genetic differences among phenotypically superior accessions; 3) determining a genetic system of intraspecific variability for a given character; 4) formation of a genetic collection; 5) revealing and developing the donors of useful characters. An example using plant height shows that the proposed research approach adequately determines the genetic potential of species and reveals the most effective genes for practical uses. It is assumed that the main sources of genes for breeding Triticum aestivum L. in order of importance will remain: 1) intraspecific diversity of T. aestivum itself; 2) other Triticum species; 3) other genera of the Triticeae Dum. tribe (particularly Aegilops L.); 4) more remote genera of the Poaceae Barnh. botanical family. It is stressed that existing diversity of T. aestivum has been poorly investigated genetically and only partially used by breeders. Properly evaluated, it can provide multiple solutions for traditional and new problems of wheat improvement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018380901468
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    Combining ability of resistance to head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) in the F1 of a seven parent diallel of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 110 (1999), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: diallel analysis ; Fusarium culmorum ; heterosis ; resistance ; scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. is a widespread disease of cereals causing relevant yield and quality losses and contaminating cereal products with mycotoxins. Breeding resistant cultivars is the method of choice for controlling the disease. Resistance to FHB is a quantitative trait and is most likely governed by several genes. We present the results of an F1 diallel analysis of FHB resistance involving six resistant and one susceptible European winter wheat genotypes of diverse origin in order to identify promising combinations for the selection of improved cultivars. Parents and F1s including reciprocals were evaluated for FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated field trial. Two traits were assessed: visual disease symptoms on the heads and the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels in a harvested sample. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were statistically significant for visual symptoms and kernel damage, whereas reciprocal effects were small or not significant. Heterosis for resistance was common, indicating that the parental genotypes possess different resistance genes. Selection of transgressive segregates should be feasible from such heterotic combinations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003757002052
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    Variation in the response of melon genotypes to sudden wilt (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 87 (1996), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Collapse ; cucumis melo ; melon ; resistance ; sudden wilt ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences in the response of melon genotypes to the sudden wilt disease were observed in several field trials conducted during 1993–1994 in the Arava region of southern Israel. Generally, the disease was more severe in the late summer growing season which is shorter and has higher temperatures than the spring and autumn growing seasons. The Oriental pickling melon breeding line P6a was the most tolerant among the entries tested. The response to the disease was also studied using two segregating families and their progenitors. BSK (tolerant) × P202 (susceptible) and P6a (tolerant) × D17 (susceptible). Wilting percentages of F1, F2 and backcross families were intermediate between the parents, suggesting an additive mode of gene action.
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    Resistance to Karnal bunt in Hordeum chilense and its amphiploids with Triticum species (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: amphiploids ; Karnal bunt ; resistance ; Tilletia indica ; tritordeum ; Hordeum chilense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of Hordeum chilense accessions H1 and H7 and their amphiploids, HT8, HT9 and HT28 (named as tritordeum) alongwith wheat lines, T22, T24 and T59 used in their synthesis, were studied for resistance to the Karnal bunt pathogen (Tilletia indica) of wheat. Both the accessions of H. chilense and one tritordeum line, HT8, were rated as highly resistant with zero co-efficient of infection, whereas the other two tritordeum lines HT28 and HT9 were rated as moderately susceptible and susceptible with 5.2 and 10.5 co-efficients of infection, respectively, compared to reaction of the wheat lines involved in their synthesis. Karnal bunt infection was maximum on the susceptible wheat cultivar WL-711 with 24.3 co-efficient of infection. All the wheat lines involved in the synthesis of amphiploids were susceptible to Karnal bunt except, T59 (Triticum sphaerococcum) (6X), which showed a moderate level of resistance.
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    The diversity of head-scab resistance in Triticeae and their relation to ecological conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: head scab ; resistance ; Triticeae ; Fusarium graminearum ; ecological conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 1507 accessions from 93 species of 18 genera in Triticeae were screened for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread with multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods respectively. The accessions with high resistance were mainly found in perennial genera: Roegneria, Hystrix, Agropyron, Kengyilia and Elymus. Based on differences in resistance, 18 genera screened in Triticeae could be classified into five groups. The species with high resistance were mainly distributed in humid ecological environments.
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    Production of salt tolerant rice breeding line via doubled haploid (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: anther culture ; breeding ; doubled haploids ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; salt tolerant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R1-R2 and BR4909-R1-R2 were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids. Anther from confirmed F1s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH lines
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    Phenotypic variation for saturated fatty acid content in soybean (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; genotype x environment interaction ; palmitic ; stearic ; temperature ; Glycine max ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Concern over high saturates in human diets has prompted the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines producing oil with reduced saturated fatty acid concentration. To better understand those factors that influence phenotypic expression for palmitic and stearic acid content in soybean, thirty soybean lines random for saturated fatty acid content were grown in eight field environments contrasting for mean temperature during seed-filling. Palmitic and stearic acid content varied significantly (P〈0.01) both among genotypes and across environments, while genotype x environment interactions were reflected in changes in line variance and ranking for both traits. Therefore selection of a superior genotype for saturated fatty acid composition may not correlate well from one environment to another. In general, early-maturing lines were less sensitive than later-maturing lines in their response to changes in mean daily temperature for palmitic concentration. However, factors in addition to temperature appeared to influence genotype response for stearic acid content. It appears that genetic systems conditioning palmitic and stearic acids are independent, and that separate breeding strategies need be adopted to make simultaneous improvement for these two oil traits. In summary, development of soybean lines with low or high saturated fatty acid content may be accomplished through evaluation and selection in a few environments contrasting for temperature.
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    Resistance of nineteen cultivars of subterranean clover to four races of Phytophthora clandestina (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phytophthora clandestina ; resistance ; root rot disease ; subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The resistance of 19 cultivars of subterranean clover was screened against 4 races of P. clandestina by mycelial inoculation of roots of 10-day-old seedlings growing in water agar and by growing seedlings in pasteurised potting mix containing infested vermiculite in controlled conditions. The cultivars showed differential resistance (vertical resistance) to races of the pathogen and can be divided into 4 resistance groups. Cultivars Clare, Esperance, Green Range, Junee, Mount Barker, Rosedale, Woogenellup and Yarloop were susceptible to all races. Cultivars Bacchus Marsh, Denmark, Enfield, Gosse, Goulburn, Karridale, Larisa, Leura and Trikkala were susceptible to races 1 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 2. Cultivar Meteora was susceptible to races 2 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 1. Cultivar Seaton Park (LF) was resistant to all races. Cultivars also varied in their race-non-specific (horizontal) resistance: cultivars that were susceptible to particular races usually varied in their degree of susceptibility to those races. In particular, Junee was more resistant to all four races than the other cultivars within its group. Similarly, cultivars Gosse, Larisa, Denmark and Trikkala were more resistant to races 1 and 3 than the other cultivars in their group. Races of the pathogen varied in their aggressiveness as well as in their virulence, as shown by the variation in aggressiveness of different isolates of race 0.
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    Diversity among Finnish net blotch isolates and resistance in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 92 (1996), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; net blotch ; Pyrenophora teres ; resistance ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of a differential barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) series (21 genotypes) and of six check genotypes were used in the greenhouse to assess variation in virulence among 20 single-spore isolates of the net blotch pathogen. Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f.teres Smedeg., collected from various sites in Finland. The experiment was run twice and symptom expression was recorded on the first three leaves. Analysis of second leaf symptom scores from Run 1 indicated differences in virulence between isolates, all of which were pathogenic, and differential resistance among the barleys. The virulence of P. teres isolates appeared to be conditioned by the host barley from which the isolate derived; the average virulence of isolates collected from a susceptible host was greater than that of isolates collected from a less susceptible host. Results from Run 2 were similar regarding resistance within the barleys, but variation in virulence among the P. teres isolates was not consistent with that from Run 1. CI 9819 caries duplicate genes for resistance to P. teres (Rpt1b and Rpt1c), and CI 7548 possesses Rpt3d. Both genotypes were highly resistant to all isolates. The Rpt1a gene of Tifang (CI4407) conferred resistance to all isolates in Run 2, but only to about half of the isolates in Run 1. The checks, including two of the symptomatically most resistant Nordic barley genotypes, were universally susceptible during these stringent tests. No selective pressure has been placed on Finnish isolates of P. teres through previous deployment of major resistance genes, and it is speculated that any variation in virulence among isolates is likely to be due to a combination of evolutionary forces including, natural selection, random genetic drift and gene flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022832
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    Genetic suppression of the cereal rye-derived gene Pm8 in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Secale cereale ; powdery mildew ; Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici ; resistance ; suppression ; segregation distortion ; wheat ; rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The location of wheat gene Pm8 for resistance to powdery mildew in the 1RS chromosome segment derived from cereal rye cultivar Petkus was confirmed. There was reduced transmission of the 1BL.1RS chromosome relative to its wheat homologue in four of the five crosses examined. Pm8 was not expressed in some wheat cultivars and selections which possessed the 1RS chromosome identified by the presence of relevant genes for resistance to the three rusts, due to the presence of a dominant suppressor gene(s) in the wheat genome. The frequency of suppression in 1BL.1RS wheats from Mexico was significantly higher than in a group of wheats (both local and exotic) introduced from China and was probably much higher than in European wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002923030266
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    Genetical studies of resistance to Phytophthora porri in Allium porrum, using a new early screening method (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Allium porrum ; autotetraploidy ; introgression ; Phytophthora porri ; resistance ; screening methods ; leek
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new screening method was developed to evaluate resistance of leek (Allium porrum) to Phytophthora porri, based on inoculation by 24 h-immersion of leek plantlets in the 3–6 leaf stage in a suspension of ca. 100 zoospores.ml-1. The immersion test was used for identifying new sources of resistance and to determine the genetic basis of resistance. Within winter leek, five resistance classes were defined on the basis of average field scores of 21 plants. Clones from these plants were tested with the immersion technique. The average scores per resistance class in immersion and field tests were significantly correlated (P〈0.01). The correlation of single-date field scores with the immersion test scores was better in the second half of the epidemic season. A selection experiment yielded a strong response to selection for resistance (53–97%) but no response to selection for susceptibility. This may indicate that resistance is due to few recessive genes in the studied winter leek. Crosses between landraces and winter leek were analyzed by means of F2 (selfed F1) and BC1, progenies. This analysis indicated the presence of few loci with dominant genes for resistance in accession CGN 873243, and additive polygenes in accession Pl 368351.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002900717062
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    Flower induction in seedlings of Aster novi-belgii and selection before and after vegetative propagation (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: aster ; Aster novi-belgii ; breeding ; correlation coefficients ; flower induction ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bolting and flowering of Aster novi-belgii seedlings as well as correlations between characteristics within seedling populations and between seedlings and their vegetatively propagated offspring were investigated in order to improve breeding efficiency. In seedlings of A. novi-belgii, flower induction was observed without vernalization. Seedlings initially formed a rosette, but bolting was a prerequisite for development of a normal flowering shoot. Bolting was promoted by long photoperiods as compared to short days. The shortest time from sowing to anthesis was recorded when plants were grown under long photoperiods until the main stem was at least 5 cm long, and then moved to short photoperiods. A large variation in time to anthesis, plant height, branching ability, and flower size and color was found among the seedlings within all crosses. Magnitude and significance of correlations between some characteristics varied among crosses. The more consistent correlations seem mainly to be due to natural courses of plant growth and development. High correlations between seedling characteristics and their vegetatively propagated offspring were only found for flower hue. Lower, but significant correlations were found for flower color intensity, plant height and branching ability. There were no significant correlations for the time-to-anthesis between the two groups of plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002952701132
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    Sources of resistance to head scab in Triticum (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; head scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods were used to test 1076 accessions of Triticum for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread within spike tissue respectively. The data obtained between years or inoculation dates were comparatively similar and were little influenced by climatic factors, especially humid condition. All the tested materials uniformly exhibited susceptibility to initial infection, but there were great differences in resistance to spread among species or cultivars. The diploid and tetraploid wheats were severely susceptible. Only 30 genotypes of common wheat of T. aestivum concv. vulgare showed high resistance to spread. The highest frequency of high spread resistance existed in these landraces which were distributed in Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai City, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces ranked second. The majority of wheat landraces from Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Province and Beijing City showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. No resistance was found in Tibetian wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002982005541
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    Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower, durum wheat and flax (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; cadmium ; low Cd germplasm ; soil series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium (Cd) level in nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown on uncontaminated, alkaline soils has exceeded limits established in Northern Europe. Separate field experiments were conducted to investigate variability of grain Cd levels among sunflower, durum wheat and flax germplasm, and to seek an efficient screening method for future breeding. There were large variations in leaf Cd concentration among 200 sunflower lines. These lines performed more consistently for Cd uptake at the R5 stage than at the V8 stage across 4 locations with markedly differing soils. Cd concentration in V8 leaves was not related to Cd in grain. The positive correlation between R5 leaf Cd and kernel Cd level was obtained from nonoilseed hybrid (Sigco 954) (R2; = 0.74**), and 200 lines (R2 = 0.44**) tested over 4 locations in 2 field trials, respectively. This indicates that an efficient and low cost screening method can be developed for genotype selection, but plants must be grown to the R5 stage. A preliminary evaluation of 30 durum wheat and 74 flax lines indicated large variations in grain Cd level of durum wheat and flax. Grain Cd concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg Cd kg-1 DW for durum wheat, and 0.14 to 1.37 mg Cd kg-1 DW for flax, respectively. This variability indicates that breeding for low grain Cd in durum wheat and flax should be feasible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002996405463
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    Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: foxtail millet ; herbicide ; resistance ; interspecific hybridization ; sethoxydim ; inheritance ; Setaria italica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F1 hybrids, F2 selfed derived populations and BC1 backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F2 and 1:1 in BC1) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002989725995
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    Resistance to western flower thrips in greenhouse cucumber: effect of leaf position and plant age on thrips reproduction (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cucumis sativus ; Frankliniella occidentalis ; plant age ; leaf position ; reproduction ; resistance ; cucumber ; western flower thrips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, previously selected for low levels of damage after infestation with Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were tested for resistance against F. occidentalis in a no-choice greenhouse experiment at the mature plant stage. The three accessions showed a strong reduction in thrips damage compared to the susceptible control. The effects of leaf position and plant age of the four cucumber accessions on the reproduction of F. occidentalis were determined in a leaf disc assay. Leaf position had a significant effect on thrips reproduction, whereas plant age, within the test range, had not. In general, reproduction was higher on young leaves. Reproduction as measured on leaf discs from certain leaf positions was strongly correlated with resistance of mature plants in the greenhouse, and can therefore be used as a quick test to screen cucumber accessions for resistance against thrips.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002937709157
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    Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. II. Three-mode pattern analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: water stress ; breeding ; ordination ; clustering ; three-way analysis ; Zea mays ; corn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A selection program in three tropical maize populations aimed to improve tolerance of mid-season to late season drought environments while maintaining grain yield (GY) potential. The selection process employed other attributes that included maintaining a constant anthesis date (AD) and, under drought, shortening the anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and increasing ear number per plant (EPP). Three-mode (genotypes × environments × attributes) pattern analysis, which consists of clustering and ordination, should be able to collectively interpret these changes from ten evaluation trials. Mixture maximum likelihood clustering identified four groups that indicated the populations' performance had changed with selection. Groups containing the advanced cycles of selection were higher yielding in most environments and had lower ASI and higher EPP, particularly in drought environments. Check entries with no selection for drought tolerance remained grouped with the initial cycles of selection. A 3 × 2 × 3 (genotypes by environments by attributes) principal component model explained 70% of the variation. For the first environmental component, ASI was shown to be highly negatively correlated with both GY and EPP while anthesis date (AD) was virtually uncorrelated with other traits. The second environmental component (explaining 10% of the variation) contrasted droughted and well-watered environments and showed that EPP and GY were better indicators of this contrast (in terms of changes in population performance) than were AD or ASI. Three-mode analysis demonstrated that improvements with selection occurred in both droughted and well-watered environments and clearly summarised the overall success of the breeding program.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002922527795
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    Host-plant resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato germplasm (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: bacterial wilt ; germplasm evaluation ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Pseudomonas solanacearum ; resistance ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of two hundred and thirty-three accessions of the tomato collection maintained at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica (CATIE) and 7 cultivars used as controls were evaluated for host-plant resistance to 4 virulent strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum representing race 1 biovars 1 and 3. In general, biovar 3 strains wilted seedlings faster than biovar 1 strains but, after 20 days post-inoculation, no significant differences were noted in susceptible control ratings. Significant differences for disease index were noted, but no line with complete resistance was found. For the USA biovar 1 strain UW-25, only 5 accessions, CATIE 17331, 17334, 17349, 17739, 17740, and 2 of the control cultivars, ‘Hawaii 7998’ and ‘UC-82B’ showed some degree of resistance. Conversely, both the frequency and the degree of resistance were high for Costa Rican biovar 1 strain UW-256. For biovar 3, the Costa Rican strain UW-255 was more virulent than the Peruvian strain UW-130. Eight CATIE accessions, 5539, 17331, 17333, 17334, 17345, 17349, 17742, and MIP-CH1, were as resistant as the resistant control ‘Hawaii 7998’ to 3 strains and accession 17740 was as resistant as ‘Hawaii 7998’ to all 4 strains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138833
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    Pattern analysis of the diversity of morphological plant attributes and herbage yield in a world collection of white clover (trifolium repens L.) germplasm characterised in a summer moisture stress environment of Australia (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 289-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: breeding ; genetic diversity ; moisture stress ; multivariate analysis ; stolon attributes ; Trifolium repens ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Information on the variation available for different plant attributes has enabled germplasm collections to be effectively utilised in plant breeding. A world sourced collection of white clover germplasm has been developed at the White Clover Resource Centre at Glen Innes, New South Wales. This collection of 439 accessions was characterised under field conditions as a preliminary study of the genotypic variation for morphological attributes; stolon density, stolon branching, number of nodes, number of rooted nodes, stolon thickness, internode length, leaf length, plant height and plant spread, together with seasonal herbage yield. Characterisation was conducted on different batches of germplasm (subsets of accessions taken from the complete collection) over a period of five years. Inclusion of two check cultivars, Haifa and Huia, in each batch enabled adjustment of the characterisation data for year effects and attribute-by-year interaction effects. The component of variance for seasonal herbage yield among batches was large relative to that for accessions. Accession-by-experiment and accession-by-season interactions for herbage yield were not detected. Accession mean repeatability for herbage yield across seasons was intermediate (0.453). The components of genotypic variance among accessions for all attributes, except plant height, were larger than their respective standard errors. The estimates of accession mean repeatability for the attributes ranged from low (0.277 for plant height) to intermediate (0.544 for internode length). Multivariate techniques of clustering and ordination were used to investigate the diversity present among the accessions in the collection. Both cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggested that seven groups of accessions existed. It was also proposed from the pattern analysis results that accessions from a group characterised by large leaves, tall plants and thick stolons could be crossed with accessions from a group that had above average stolon density and stolon branching. This material could produce breeding populations to be used in recurrent selection for the development of white clover cultivars for dryland summer moisture stress environments in Australia. The germplasm collection was also found to be deficient in genotypes with high stolon density, high number of branches, high number of rooted nodes and large leaves. This warrants addition of new germplasm accessions possessing these characteristics to the present germplasm collection.
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    Genotypic variation in field resistance of Cucurbita pepo cultivars to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucurbita pepo ; squash ; genetic resources ; Erysiphe cichoracearum ; cucurbit powdery mildew ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fifty-eight cultivars of Cucurbita pepo (mostly zucchini type) were studied in three-year experiments for field resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum. No genotypes were found with complete resistance to powdery mildew. There were significant differences in the expression of field resistance characterized by some basic epidemiological parameters (maximum infection degree, area below curve). The highest level of field resistance occurred in 13 cultivars including Acceste F1, Albina, ambassador F1, CU-235, Elite F1, Goldfinger, Parmanta F1, Seneca Hybr. F1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126944
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    First source of resistance in durum wheat to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: antibiois ; Mayetiola destructor ; resistance ; Triticum turgidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the major pest of wheat in North Africa. In Morocco, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf). Husn.) losses due to this pest have been estimated at 32%. Genetic resistance is the only economical and practical means of controlling this insect. Field and greenhouse screening of durum wheat genotypes resulted in the identification of one source of resistance to Hessian fly in Morocco. This is the first source of durum wheat Hessian fly-resistance identified in Morocco. This source of resistance expresses a medium level of antibiosis against first-instar Hessian fly larvae; about 25% of the larvae survive on resistant plants. The deployment of varieties that allow for larval survival on resistant plants should reduce selection for biotype development. This source of resistance is being used by CIMMYT/ICARDA and Moroccan breeders to develop resistant durum wheat varieties.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008615515704
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    Sources of resistance to bacterial blight of stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: bacterial blight ; interspecific hybridisation ; Matthiola ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Accessions ofM. tricuspidata (L.) R. Br.,M. aspera Boiss. andMatthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. were tested for their reaction to bacterial blight of stock (M. incana R. Br.), caused byXanthomonas campestris pv.incanae. Potted plants were sprayed with bacterial cell suspension, adjusted to 108 cells/ml. The tested accessions of the three species were found highly resistant, while control plants ofM. incana were severely infected. InterspecificF 1 hybrid plants betweenM. incana andM. tricuspidata also exhibited high resistance to the disease. The implications and the expected difficulties in breeding stock for bacterial blight resistance are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02432141
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    Identification in Aegilops species of resistant sources to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Aegilops ; antibiosis ; Mayetiola destructor ; Morocco ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the major insect pest of wheat in Morocco. Host plant resistance has been the most effective and practical method of controlling this pest. When 347 accessions of Aegilops species were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to Hessian fly, several accessions of Ae. geniculata Roth, Ae. triuncialis L., Ae. neglecta Req.ex Bertol., Ae. ventricosa Tausch, Ae. cylindrica Host and Ae. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer showed resistance reaction. All expressed antibiosis as the mechanism of resistance against first instar Hessian fly larvae. These Aegilops sources of resistance could be exploited for transferring Hessian fly resistance to wheat.
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    Exploiting the diversity of barley landraces in Ethiopia (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: barley ; breeding ; Ethiopia ; genetic resources ; landraces ; low input
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a methodology to incorporate the collection of barley landraces available in the Plant Genetic Resources Centre of Ethiopia (PGRC/E), as well as future collections, in the Ethiopian barley breeding program. Six hundred pure lines extracted from thirty Ethiopian barley landraces were evaluated and selected, along with the original populations, between 1989 and 1993. Three lines were identified which significantly outyielded the local landrace in some of the testing sites and had a higher average yield across sites and seasons. The yield of these lines was similar to the best improved variety also developed from a landrace population. Despite the relatively small number of landrace-lines (600) in the original population, the exploitation of the diversity existing within Ethiopian barley germplasm has produced in only five years promising lines for yield at low input conditions and for disease and insect resistance. Some lines had a yield potential comparable with the best breeding lines produced earlier, and one is under multiplication for release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008644901982
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    Response of wild Cucumis species to inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucumis spp. ; germplasm evaluation ; wild progenitors ; Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans ; artificial inoculation ; seedlings ; necrotization ; resistance ; gene centers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Under controlled inoculation, a set of 49 accessions belonging to 16 wild species and varieties of the genus Cucumis was tested for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. There was no complete resistance to this pathogen in Cucumis accessions, but limited necrotization of leaves was observed in four accessions (C. africanus (PI 203974), C. anguria var. longipes (CUC 28/1974), C. melo subsp. conomon Baj-Gua (CUM 238/1974), C. zeyheri (PI 299572)). There were some quantitative differences between Cucumis accessions in disease symptom development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008639723466
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  • 88
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    Evaluation of cultivated and wild barley for resistance to pathotypes ofPuccinia hordei with wide virulence (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Hordeum spontaneum ; leaf rust ; Puccinia hordei ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An isolate ofPuccinia hordei (ND89-3) originally collected in Morocco is virulent on most barley genotypes reported to possess resistance, except cultivar Estate (CI 3410), which possesses theRph3 gene and exhibits a low to intermediate level of resistance (infection type 12). Isolate ND89-3 possesses one of the widest virulence spectrums reported forP. hordei. Accessions ofHordeum vulgare (1,997 in total) andH. spontaneum (885 in total), mostly originating from the Mediterranean region and parts of North Africa, were evaluated with isolate ND89-3 at the seedling stage to identify new sources of leaf rust resistance. Fifty-eight accessions ofH. vulgare, and 222 accessions ofH. spontaneum exhibited low infection types to this isolate. Further evaluations of these resistant accessions with isolates ofP. hordei virulent forRph3,Rph7, andRph12 suggested that most of the resistantH. vulgare accessions possess theRph3 gene. Data suggested additional sources of effective resistance inH. vulgare are rather limited. FiveH. vulgare accessions and 167H. spontaneum accessions were identified as possible sources of new genes for leaf rust resistance. These accessions likely possess resistance genes that are different fromRph1 toRph12, or gene combinations thereof based on their reaction to four leaf rust isolates. Utilization of these accessions in barley breeding will broaden the germplasm resources available for genetic control ofP. hordei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310678
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  • 89
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    Evaluation of barley landraces and selections from natural outcrosses ofH. vulgare ssp.spontaneum with ssp.vulgare for breeding in semi-arid areas (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Barley ; landraces ; natural wild barley crosses ; earliness ; breeding ; drylands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Landraces of barley and tough rachis genotypes selected from natural crosses of ssp.spontaneum withssp. vulgare were evaluated in Cyprus under rainfed conditions with the best commercially grown grain varieties. Landraces, eliminated from cultivation around 40 years ago, gave grain yields comparable to those to the best commercially grown varieties, Athenais and Kantara. Also, selected genotypes from the natural hybrids gave grain yields approaching those of Athenais and Kantara, in spite of the fact that human interference was limited only to visual individual plant selection in natural habitats, followed by the evaluation of 44 genotypes in the present studies. Locally adapted landraces and selected genotypes from the natural hybrids expressed valuable measurable traits, such as 1000-grain weight, crude protein content, volume weight, lodging and disease resistance, which could be used in breeding programmes. The heading date of these 44 selected tough rachis genotypes was within a narrow range, which lies within the optimum range determined by long term studies for Cyprus. Furthermore, non-visible gene complexes for adaptation to moisture, heat and other stresses present in land races and natural hybrids could be exploited for breeding in semi-arid areas. These natural hybrids apparently contributed towards maintaining genes present in landraces which became extinct long time ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310688
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  • 90
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    Diversity in landraces of summer squash from Jordan (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Half-sib family ; breeding ; silvering ; fruit and ovary colour ; germplasm ; Jordan ; summer squash ; landraces ; Cucurbita
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forty one half-sib families of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) landraces collected from Jordan were evaluated for 17 morphological and horticultural traits at the Agricultural Experimental Station in the Jordan Valley. A large diversity both within and among families was observed for many traits including plant growth, flowering and sex expression, colour of photosynthetic organs, fruit shape and fruit number per plant. Correlation coefficients were significant among many useful traits. The possible utilization of germplasm collections is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431256
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  • 91
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    Response to root-knot nematodes of a germplasm collection of red clover and related species (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Germplasm ; Meloidogyne ssp. ; red clover ; resistance ; root-knot nematode ; Trifolium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A germplasm collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and seven related species was evaluated in greenhouse tests for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and M. Javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Plants were rated for root galling severity and nematode egg production at eight weeks after inoculation with 1500 nematode eggs. A resistance index, RI = √(gall2; + egg2;), was generated to assess the plants' reaction to nematode infection as immune, highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, susceptible, or highly susceptible. More than 98% of red clover accessions were intermediately to highly susceptible to all four root-knot nematode species. Only one accession, PI 271627 introduced from India, had a moderate resistance level to the four nematodes tested. About one third of the T. medium accessions were resistant or highly resistant to M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica whereas more than 50% of the T. alpestre accessions were highly resistant or immune to all four nematodes species. Genetic factors for resistance to root-knot nematode could be introduced into T. pratense through interspecific hybridization with T. medium and/or T. alpestre
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008681404916
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  • 92
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    Resistance to foliar blight of wheat: A search (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: foliar blight ; germplasm ; resistance ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One thousand three hundred and eighty-seven spring wheat germplasm (Triticum aestivum L.) lines belonging to the Indian and CIMMYT wheat programmes were evaluated for their tolerance to foliar blight disease for three consecutive years i.e., from 1994 to 1997. Disease severity at six different growth stages, beginning from tillering to late milk stage, was recorded. None of the genotypes showed immunity to the disease. Of 43 lines showing resistant reaction, a major proportion (25) was represented by CIMMYT material. Comparatively, Indian germplasm lines tended to be more susceptible at more advanced growth stages. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Apparent Infection Rate (r) values of resistant lines were much lower than those of susceptible ones, but lower AUDPC in some of the resistant lines did not correspond to a lower 'r' value. Most of the resistant lines were derived from Seri, Myna, Bau, kauz, Hork 's' and Aegilops tauschii Coss.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008797232108
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  • 93
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    Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in wild Arachis species* (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 557-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Arachis spp. ; Meloidogyne javanica ; resistance ; root-knot nematodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica Race 3 is an important nematode parasite of groundnut. Greenhouse evaluation of 184 accessions of 33 wild Arachis spp. five interspecific derivatives, 18 groundnut cultivars for root damage (galls formed by nematode) and nematode reproduction demonstrated that resistance to the nematode is available in the genepool of wild Arachis spp. Seven accessions, ICG 8952 (Arachis helodes), ICC 13211 (A. sylvestris), ICG 13224 (A. kretscmeri), ICG 13231 (Arachis sp.), ICG 14862 (A. kuhlmannii), ICG 14868 (A. stenosperma), and ICG 14915 (A. sylvestris) were highly resistant to nematode reproduction and root damage. There was no gall and eggmass formation on any plant of these accessions. Thirty-three accessions were resistant and 14 were moderately resistant. All the tested accessions of A. monticola, A. benensis, A. ipaensis, A. hoehnei, A. kempff-mercadoi, A. valida, A. chiquitana, A. rigonii, A. vallsii, A. dardani, A. paraguariensis, A. triseminata, interspecific derivatives, and groundnut cultivars were susceptible. The possible use of resistance sources in the breeding program is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008754812257
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  • 94
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    Resistance in Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima germplasms to cucumber mosaic virus (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucurbita ssp. ; germplasm evaluation ; cucumber mosaic virus ; artificial inoculation ; seedlings ; local and systemic infection ; resistance ; centers of origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A total of 384 Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima accessions were evaluated in growth chambers or glasshouse tests for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Seedlings were mechanically inoculated at the cotyledon stage, and scored for symptoms on cotyledons and true leaves 7 and 18 days after inoculation. Significant variation in resistance was found. A limited number of accessions were free of visual symptoms of infection. One C. pepo accession and thirteen C. maxima accessions showed a high level of resistance. Generally, C. maxima may be considered more resistant to CMV compared to C. pepo. There is no close relationship between origin, fruit morphotypes and CMV resistance in either species. Some accessions (e.g., C. pepo PI 438699; C. maxima PI 176530, PI 265555, PI 368564, PI 500483) could be useful for the future breeding programmes. The C. pepo cvs. ‘Cinderella’ and ‘Defender’ F1, previously described as resistant, showed maximum susceptibility to the yellow strain of CMV.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123736
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  • 95
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    The Potential for Developing Controlled Breeding in the Chilean Oyster (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: breeding ; Chilean oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract International interest in the commercial aquaculture of the Chilean oyster, Tiostrea chilensis, is frustrated by an inability to artificially control their unusual breeding behaviour. The manipulation of breeding in this oyster will rely on a better understanding of its gametogenic cycle. Consequently, the gametogenesis of a wild population of highly fertile Chilean oysters from northern New Zealand was studied over three years to assess the potential for artificially controlling oyster breeding for aquaculture. The population was mostly comprised of simultaneous hermaphrodite oysters that generally followed annual cycles of gametogenesis. Oysters spawned as males throughout each year with increased spawning from November to February (ie., austral spring and summer). Ova were abundant throughout the year, although female spawning increased during spring. The unpredictable spawning of ova among individual oysters and the strong possibility of self-fertilization create difficulties for the development of controlled breeding in this species. If the full aquaculture potential of T. chilensis is to be realized, further research should be directed at identifying the factors involved in controlling female maturation, spawning and fertilization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009276329463
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  • 96
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    Nutrient cycling and growth in forest ecosystems of south western Australia: Relevance to agricultural landscapes (1999)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 45 (1999), S. 215-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: biodiversity ; disturbance ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; resilience ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient and hydrologic cycles in harvested native forests in southern Australia are largely balanced. For example, we have little or no evidence of any decline in nutrient capital or availability in harvested forests. Short-term and small-scale reductions in evapotranspiration due to loss of leaf area after harvesting are adequately balanced at the landscape scale by large areas of regenerating or older-age forest. In contrast, agricultural systems on similar soils are a) dependent on large inputs of fertilisers to maintain growth and b) frequently subject to increasing salinity and waterlogging or other forms of degradation. The large-scale replacement of long-lived communities of perennial and often deep- rooting native species with annual crops or other communities of shallow-rooting species might be better managed within the framework of knowledge developed from studies of native plant communities. However, application of such a mimic concept to systems of low natural productivity is limited when agricultural systems require continued high productivity. Nonetheless, the mimic concept may help in developing sustainable management of agriculture on marginal lands, and contribute to the nutritional resilience of agroecosystems. Relevant characteristics for mimic agroecosystems in south western Australia include: high species diversity, diversity of rooting attributes, utilisation of different forms of nutrients (especially of N and P) in space and time, and the promotion of practices which increase soil organic matter content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006267604313
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  • 97
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    Sources of resistance to cyst nematode in cultivated and wild Cicer species (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: resistance ; Cicer ; Hetrodera ciceri ; chickpea ; wild species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Among the nematodes infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants in Syria, cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri Vovlas, Greco et Di Vito) is the most important. It is uneconomical to grow chickpea in fields infested with cyst nematode and to control this nematode with nematicide. Therefore, investigations were conducted at ICARDA, Syria from 1987 to 1991 to identify sources of resistance to cyst nematode in 7258 lines of C. arietinum and 102 lines of eight annual Cicer species including C. bijugum K.R. Rech. (13 lines), C. chorassanicum (Bge) M. Pop. (3 lines), C. cuneatum Hochst. ex Rich. (3 lines), C. echinospermum P.H. Davis (8 lines), C. judaicum Boiss. (18 lines), C. pinnatifidum Jaub. & Sp. (18 lines), C. reticulatum Ladiz. (36 lines), and C. yamashitae Kitamura (3 lines). All lines were grown in a greenhouse at 15–25°C in pots containing soil infested with 20 eggs of the nematode g-1 soil. Nematode infestation was evaluated on a 0 to 5 scale based on number of females and cysts on roots. Resistance was found in one line of C. bijugum, six lines of C. pinnatifidum, and one line of C. reticulatum. No lines of C. arietinum, C. chorassanicum, C. cuneatum, C. echinospermum, C. judaicum, or C. yamashitae was resistant to cyst nematode. Plants with resistance have been recovered in the F3 generation from crosses between the cultigen and C. reticulatum, indicating the possibility of transfer of gene(s) for resistance to cyst nematode from wild to cultivated Cicer species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126752
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  • 98
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    Evaluation of world collection of kabuli chickpea for resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: resistance ; iron-deficiency ; chickpea ; germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Iron-deficiency chlorosis is often seen in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields in the Mediterranean region and is particularly severe in fields where iron-deficiency susceptible cultivars are sown. Therefore, ICARDA's breeding programme field evaluated 6224 kabuli chickpea germplasm accessions for iron-deficiency chlorosis on a high pH Calcic Rhodoxeralf soil (pH 8.5, 20–25% calcium carbonate) at Tel Hadya, Syria during the winter and spring of 1987/88. Two resistant and 17 susceptible lines were grown during autumn, winter and spring of 1988/89 to examine the effect of sowing time on the appearance of the deficiency. About 99% of accessions showed no iron-deficiency symptoms. Evaluation of susceptible accessions during autumn, winter, and spring sowing revealed that iron-deficiency chlorosis was more pronounced during winter sowing. There were also significant genotype x season interactions, indicating differential responses of genotypes to time of sowing. Since the iron-deficiency chlorosis character is controlled by recessive genes, a negative selection to discard the susceptible lines from breeding material is recommended as an effective breeding strategy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123277
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  • 99
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    Evaluation of Roegneria for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; Roegneria ; scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 71 accessions from 13 Roegneria species were evaluated for resistance to wheat scab. The results showed that 31 of the 71 accessions possessed high resistance (HR) to initial infection and high resistance (HR) to pathogen spread. The disease spread from inoculated floret to head rachis was not observed, and the incidence of head infection were lower under natural than under artificial inoculation conditions. The intergeneric hybrid F1 of Roegneria tsukushiensis (Honda) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang. var. transiens (Hack.) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang × Hordeum vulgare Linn. exhibited resistance (R) to pathogen invasion and high resistance (HR) to spread. Therefore, Roegneria could be used as scab resistant resources in cereal breeding. In addition, the relatioship between its resistance and ecological environments where Roegneria was distributed was discussed in this paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008643617661
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  • 100
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    The evidence for the extent of N.I. Vavilov's new world Andean centres of cultivated plant origins (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Vavilov ; centres of diversity ; America ; Solanium ; potatoes ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vavilov's ideas on New World centres of crop plant diversity are reviewed and the development of his ideas from 1926 to 1940 are described. More recent collecting work and taxonomic studies by the author confirm largely the delimitation of the American gene centres suggested by Vavilov, even in regard to details, e.g. within Bolivia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008642630144
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